A. 
Scope of work. Clearing and grubbing within the public way shall be carried out where necessary. The Contractor will be allowed to remove only the trees and brush that are absolutely necessary for his construction operations and the Contractor must abide by the Scenic Roads Bylaw. The Contractor shall be expected to save as many trees as is possible. The removal of all brush and trees, including their stumps necessary for construction purposes, shall be done in such a manner to meet the Tree Warden's satisfaction at the end of the work.
B. 
Clearing.
(1) 
Clearing shall consist of felling, cutting and the satisfactory and legal disposal of trees, brush and other vegetation, downed timber, and rubbish.
(2) 
If landowners desire the timber or small trees, the Contractor shall cut and neatly pile it in four-foot lengths for removal by the landowner; otherwise, the Contractor shall dispose of it by hauling away or chipping. No burning shall be permitted unless the Contractor obtains the permission of the Town Fire Chief prior to commencement of work.
C. 
Grubbing. Grubbing shall be carried out where trees have been felled, and shall consist of the removal and disposal of stumps, including all roots larger than three inches in diameter to a depth of 18 inches below ground surface and within a three-foot radius of the trunk.
A. 
Scope of Work. This section includes, except as elsewhere provided, trenching for pipe laying, and appurtenances, including drainage, sheeting and bracing, backfilling, disposal of surplus material and restoration of trench surfaces in the public way or "easements."
B. 
Sheeting and Bracing. The Contractor shall furnish, put in place, and maintain sheeting and bracing if required to support the sides of the excavation and prevent loss of ground which could damage or delay the work or endanger adjacent structures.
C. 
Drainage. The Contractor shall furnish all materials and equipment and perform all incidental work required to install and maintain the drainage system he proposes for handling any ground water or surface water encountered. The Contractor must alter his drainage methods if, in the opinion of the Director, the trench bottom is unsatisfactory.
D. 
Backfilling.
(1) 
As soon as practicable after the pipe has been laid, jointed, properly bedded (and tested, if required) backfilling shall begin and thereafter be prosecuted expeditiously.
(2) 
Sand or 3/4 minus stone, which is free of other foreign material, shall be carefully placed to a depth of one foot over the top of the pipe.
(3) 
When the pipes are laid cross-country, the remainder of the trench shall be filled with approved material.
(4) 
Wherever a loam or gravel surface exists prior to cross-country excavations, it shall be removed, conserved, and replaced to the full original depth. In some areas, it may be necessary to remove excess material during the cleanup process, so that the ground may be restored to its original level and condition. If the Contractor prefers not to store loam or topsoil, he may replace it with loam or topsoil of equal quality and quantity.
(5) 
When the pipes are laid in streets, the trench above the one foot of selected material above the pipe shall be backfilled with suitable material in layers not to exceed three feet and thoroughly compacted by mechanical equipment. The last one foot shall be backfilled with compacted bank-run gravel unless an increase is directed by the Director.
(6) 
Fragments of ledge and boulders not greater than six inches in diameter may be used in trench backfill providing that the quantity, in the opinion of the Director, is not excessive. Rock fragments shall not be placed until the pipe has at least two feet of earth cover. Small stones and rocks shall be placed in thin layers alternating with earth to insure that all voids are completely filled. Large masses of filling shall not be dropped into the trench in a manner to endanger the pipe.
(7) 
Bituminous paving shall not be placed in the backfill. Frozen material shall not be used under any circumstances.
(8) 
All road surfaces shall be groomed immediately after backfilling. Dust control measures shall be employed at all times to the satisfaction of the Director.
A. 
Scope of Work. If, in the opinion of the Director, the material at or below the normal grade of the bottom of the trench (six inches below grade of pipe bottom) is unsuitable for foundation, it shall be removed to the depth as directed by the Director and replaced by screened-gravel or as specified below.
B. 
Excavation and Backfilling. Excavation and backfilling below grade shall conform to all applicable provisions under § 505-10, including the requirements for sheeting and bracing and maintaining the trench.
C. 
Fill. Normally fill shall be screened gravel, as specified under § 505-12; however, if the material at the level of trench bottom consists of fine sand, sand and silt or soft earth which may work into the screened gravel notwithstanding effective drainage, the subgrade material shall be removed to the extend directed and the excavation refilled with 3/4 inch crushed stone. The Director, before placement, shall approve the composition and gradation of gravel. Gravel shall be placed in six-inch layers thoroughly compacted.
D. 
Excavation Within Public Ways.
(1) 
A street opening permit shall be obtained from the Department of Public Works before any excavation can begin within any town-accepted street. The work shall be performed in accordance with the permit.
(2) 
A street opening permit shall be obtained from the Massachusetts Department of Public Works before any excavation can begin within either Belmont Street (State Route 123) or Turnpike Street/Washington Street (State Route 138). The work shall be performed in accordance with all permits.
A. 
Scope of Work. Bank run gravel may be used for the roadway base or sub-base under the pavement and for similar uses. Screened gravel or 3/4 inch crushed stone shall be used for bedding pipe, as replacement material for ordered excavation below grade and as gravel cushion in ledge excavation. Sand may be used for pipe bedding and backfill, as directed. Common Fill may be used as backfill in all other non-structural locations. The Director may order the use of gravel for purposes other than those specified if, in his opinion, such use is advisable.
B. 
Bank-Run Gravel.
(1) 
Bank-run gravel (aka Aggregate Base) shall consist of hard, durable stone and coarse sand, essentially free from frost, frozen lumps, loam and clay, uniformly graded and containing no stone having any dimension greater than three inches. The grading of sizes and material shall be such that the gravel may be thoroughly consolidated.
(2) 
Twenty-five percent to 70% shall pass the 1/4 inch sieve, not more than 20% shall pass the No. 4 sieve, and not more than 5% of the material shall pass the No. 200 sieve.
C. 
Screened Gravel. Screened gravel (aka 3/4 inch Crushed Stone) conforming to ASTM C33 stone size No. 67 shall consist of hard, durable, round particles of proper size and gradation, and it shall be free from sand, loam, clay excess fines, and deleterious materials. The size of the particles shall be uniformly graded gravel such that not less than 100% of the particles will pass a 3/4 inch sieve and not more than 5% will pass a No. 200 sieve. Quality and gradation shall be acceptable to the Director.
D. 
Sand. Sand shall consist of friable material and it shall be free from sand, loam, clay excess fines, and deleterious materials. The size of the particles shall be uniformly graded gravel such that 100% will pass the 3/8 inch sieve, 95% - 100% will pass the No. 4 sieve, 50% - 85% will pass the No. 16 sieve, and 2% - 10% will pass a No. 100 sieve. Quality and gradation shall be acceptable to the Director.
E. 
Common Fill. Common fill shall consist of friable material and it shall be free from sand, loam, clay excess fines, and deleterious materials. The size of the particles shall be uniformly graded gravel such that no particle is more than six inches in diameter and no more than 30% will pass a No. 200 sieve. Quality and gradation shall be acceptable to the Director.
A. 
Scope of Work. This section includes the excavation, disposal and replacement of rock and boulders.
B. 
Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
BOULDER EXCAVATION
Boulders exceeding one cubic yard in volume, which can be excavated without blasting.
ROCK EXCAVATION
Rock which, in the opinion of the Director, requires drilling and blasting for its removal.
C. 
Blasting. All blasting operations shall be conducted in full compliance with all laws of the State, local ordinances, and regulations and with all possible care to avoid injury to persons and property.
D. 
Disposal and Replacement of Rock. Rock and boulders exceeding three inches in diameter shall not be used for backfilling. Excavation where rock is removed shall be backfilled with acceptable surplus excavation or borrow.
A. 
Gravel Sub-base. Backfilling of trenches in streets shall be as specified in § 505-10. The top of the trench shall be backfilled with one foot of bank-run gravel as specified in § 505-12. The gravel shall be thoroughly compacted to the satisfaction of the Director.
B. 
Cutting and Removing Pavement. The Contractor shall remove only as much existing pavement as necessary to do the work. Where excavations are to be made in paved surfaces, he shall cut the pavement ahead of the excavation by sawing before breaking the pavement within the excavated limits for removal. All pavements shall be cut by sawing. Sawing and removal shall be done so as to produce clean, uniform, vertical edges without damage to the remaining pavement. Pavement removed shall not be mixed with other excavated material, but shall be disposed of away from the site of the work before the remainder of the excavation is made. The Contractor is responsible for the removal and disposal of the old pavement.
C. 
Grading.
(1) 
The applicant shall employ at his own expense an engineer or land surveyor to set all lines and grades in a manner satisfactory to the Board. The applicant shall obtain all required permits from the Department of Public Works.
(2) 
The entire area within the right-of-way lines shall be cleared and grubbed of all stumps, brush, roots, boulders, and like material. All material shall be removed to a minimum of 15 1/2 inches depth below the finished grade of the roadway or filled to a subgrade parallel to the finished grade. (Refer to Table 3.)
(3) 
All unsuitable material below the subgrade shall be removed and shall be replaced by material conforming to the Standard Specifications.
(4) 
If required by the Board at the design or construction phase, the developer shall have a groundwater study performed by a Registered Geotechnical Engineer, who shall make recommendations as to the requirement, location and spacing of an adequate system of underdrains to remove groundwater from the subgrade of subdivision streets. Such underdrains shall be installed and tested at the time of construction of the streets and all installation shall be subject to approval of the Board.
(5) 
Before the gravel base course is installed, the sub-base shall be shaped to conform to the proposed cross section of the road and shall be compacted in layers not exceeding 12 inches in depth except the last layer shall not exceed four inches in depth.
(6) 
Where fill is required, it shall be placed in layers not deeper than 12 inches and shall be compacted as specified herein.
D. 
Binder course.
(1) 
The binder course shall be Class I bituminous concrete base course, Type I-1, furnished and installed in accordance with the MassDOT Standard Specifications.
(2) 
In lieu of feathering the pavement around castings, the structures must be set at the same height as the binder course and reset at the time of placement of the wearing course.
(3) 
The construction of bituminous concrete pavement shall terminate November 15 and shall not be resumed prior to April 1 except as determined in writing by the Director of Public Works.
(4) 
The temperature of the mixture, within a tolerance of plus or minus 15° F., when delivered to the site, shall be governed by the temperature of the base upon which the mix is placed in accordance with the Standard Specifications.
(5) 
When the air temperature falls below 50° F., extra precautions shall be taken in drying the aggregates, controlling the temperature and compacting the mixture.
(6) 
The mixture shall be placed only upon approved surfaces that are clean from foreign materials and are dry.
(7) 
No mixture shall be placed unless the breakdown and intermediate rolling can be completed by the time the material has cooled to 170° F. and provided that the density of the completed pavement attains at least 95% of the laboratory compacted density.
E. 
Wearing Course. The wearing course shall be Class I, bituminous concrete pavement, Type I-1, furnished and installed in accordance with the MassDOT Standard Specifications.
F. 
Curbing.
(1) 
Slope-face granite edging shall be used for median strips and islands only.
(2) 
Vertical granite curbing shall be VA-4; slope-face granite edging shall be Type VB as specified in the MassDOT Standard Specifications.
G. 
Driveway Aprons. Driveway aprons shall be paved in the same manner as, and in the same thickness of, the street, and carefully graded to provide the unimpeded flow of runoff along the gutter.