Improvements listed in Article V shall be constructed in accordance with these regulations, MassDOT Standard Specifications, MassDOT Construction Details, OSHA, MUTCD, AASHTO Roadside Design Guide, AASHTO Green Book and shall be consistent with all applicable local codes and ordinances, standards of practice and shall be made by the Applicant without cost to the Town.
A. 
Stumps, brush, roots, boulders, trees and like material shall be removed as necessary to provide for paving and utilities, but, wherever feasible, existing vegetation shall be protected.
B. 
All materials shall be removed from an area 10 feet wider (five feet on each side) than the final width, for shoulders, and to at least the bottom of subgrade. Peat, silt, loam or similar yielding materials shall be removed to a firm foundation for the full width of the right-of-way and replaced with gravel borrow meeting MassDOT Standard Specification M1.03.0.
C. 
No loam suitable for reuse shall be removed from the subdivision unless adequate loam will remain or is otherwise assured to provide all disturbed areas within the subdivision with a loam depth of at least six inches and unless there is also assurance that all streets from which loam is being removed will be brought to subgrade with approved foundation materials within six months.
D. 
Traveled ways and shoulders shall be provided with a foundation consisting of four inches compacted thickness of dense graded crushed stone over at least eight inches compacted thickness of gravel borrow meeting MassDOT Standard Specification M1.03.0, as specified in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The material shall be thoroughly watered and rolled true to line and grade to conform to the Typical Street Cross Section and the street profiles. Any depressions that occur, either during or after rolling, must be filled with additional gravel and rolled until the surface is true and even. Binder course shall be placed immediately upon acceptance of the sub-base to minimize erosion.
E. 
No slopes resulting from grading of streets shall exceed one-foot vertical to three feet horizontal in fill, one-foot vertical to four feet horizontal in cut, or one foot to 3/4 foot in ledge. Slope easements or retaining walls shall be employed where slopes cannot be contained within street side lines. Land between the outside of the layout and the street pavement, and driveway entrances, shall be so graded as to prevent surface water on the street from draining onto private land, except at designated locations in accordance with the approved drainage system. Retaining walls shall be located completely outside of the Town Right-of-Way.
F. 
The pavement of roadways shall be as specified in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The depths indicated shall be as measured after compaction. The surface course shall not be applied until the roadway has been subjected to construction or vehicular traffic for a duration of time specified by the Planning Board. The Board may waive the requirement for pavement on lanes where fee to the street is to remain private (see § 249-20F) and an alternative all-weather surface is provided (layered oil surface or selected graded gravel aggregate) and provided the developer executes a covenant stating that the Town will not be petitioned to accept the road as a Town way until it has first been constructed in accordance with the approved plan and these regulations. The Board may require pavement design be performed in accordance with Chapter 9 - Pavement Design of the MassDOT PD AND DG.
G. 
When existing pavement and/or sub-base material is proposed to be left in place as proposed pavement and/or sub-base, the applicant shall perform pavement cores and/or soil borings on the existing materials to remain. Materials from pavement cores shall be tested to confirm that the existing pavement material to remain in place meets the requirements as specified in these regulations for depth, type and quality. Materials from soil borings shall be tested to confirm the sub-base material to remain conforms to the MassDOT Standard Specification M1.03.0 for Gravel Borrow to the depth required in these regulations. All pavement cores, soiling borings and testing shall be in accordance with MassDOT Standard Specification Section 190. Certified test results must be provided to the Board. Final approval to reuse existing pavement and/or sub-base material must be obtained by the applicant from the board.
H. 
If all of the houses in the subdivision are not completed within two years from the time that the base course of pavement is installed, the developer shall reclaim and reinstall the two inches of base course prior to installing the top course of pavement if the Planning Board deems that is necessary.
I. 
Construction Staking. Developers shall employ, at their own expense, a Professional Engineer or a Professional Land Surveyor to set all lines and grades in a manner satisfactory to the Highway Department, Town or the Town's representative and in accordance with the provisions of the MassDOT Standard Specifications.
J. 
All materials, workmanship, testing and construction methods used for roadway excavation and embankments shall conform to the MassDOT Standard Specifications.
K. 
All driveway openings in all areas where granite curb has been used, i.e., around all cul-de-sacs, shall be completed during the subdivision construction. Granite curb corners Type A shall be used at all driveway openings.
L. 
The water and sanitary sewer systems shall be tested and approved by the department or agency having jurisdiction prior to installation of base course(s) and pavement.
M. 
All utility connections shall be installed to the right-of-way line, and marked with an iron pin or surveyed so as to be easily located in the future.
All curbing shall be MassDOT Granite Curb Type VA-4 or as approved by the Board and shall be installed on both sides of the street and for the total length of the street and on other streets for the full radius plus at least three feet on each end of all street intersections. MassDOT Sloped Granite Edging Type SA shall be used for the inner and outer circle of cul-de-sacs and for median islands when median islands have been approved by the Board.
A. 
Where provided, footpaths shall meet American Disabilities Act (ADA) and Massachusetts Architectural Access Board (MAAB) requirements. Footpaths outside street rights-of-way shall be five feet in width exclusive of the curb clear width requirements and shall have a maximum cross slope of 1.5% and a longitudinal slope of 4.5% to reflect construction tolerances. Bicycle trails and bridle paths shall be six feet in width.
B. 
Surfacing shall continue the material of connecting paths or, where such do not exist or are unsatisfactory to the Board, shall be either a two-course pavement surface consisting of a one-and-one-half-inch hot-mix asphalt surface course (Type B) over a one-and-one-half-inch hot-mix asphalt binder course (Type A), a one-inch peastone or washed stone surface or other material specifically approved by the Board.
A. 
There shall be sidewalks five feet in width on both sides of all collector streets and on one side of all minor streets. As indicated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, cement concrete is required for all sidewalks unless a written waiver is obtained by the Applicant. The sidewalk shall slope toward the street with a slope no greater than 1.5%. Concrete shall be placed to a depth of at least four inches. At driveways, concrete shall be placed to a depth of at least six inches. All work and materials shall conform to the MassDOT Standard Specification Section 701.
B. 
Preparation of the base shall be accompanied by removing material to a depth of 12 inches below finished, designed grade. Any soft spots of undesirable material shall be removed and replaced by gravel borrow Type B. The excavated area shall be filled with eight inches of gravel, which shall be rolled.
C. 
Surfacing shall continue the material of connecting sidewalks or, where they do not exist, shall be either a four-inch (six-inch at driveway entrances) of cement concrete or other material specifically approved by the Board.
D. 
Where provided, sidewalks shall meet American Disabilities Act (ADA) and Massachusetts Architectural Access Board (MAAB) requirements. Sidewalks shall be five feet in width exclusive of the curb clear width requirements and shall have a maximum cross slope of 1.5% and a longitudinal slope of 4.5% to reflect construction tolerances. In addition, ramps shall have a maximum cross slope of 1.5% and a longitudinal slope of 7.5% to reflect construction tolerances.
A. 
Water system.
(1) 
A complete water system shall be installed, including mains, gates, valves and hydrants, consistent with the specifications and pipe size requirements of the Littleton Water Department, as shown on the street plans and as approved by the Planning Board. Hydrants shall be provided and placed at intervals of not more than 500 feet along each street and painted with luminous paint as specified by the Littleton Fire Department. All locations must be shown on the Definitive Plan and must be approved by the Fire Department.
(2) 
Before making connection to the municipal water system, the developer shall agree to comply with all appropriate regulations of the Water Department.
B. 
Storm drainage system. A complete storm drainage system shall be installed as shown on the street plans and profiles and as follows:
(1) 
Piping shall be Class III, Class IV, or Class V reinforced concrete pipe, per MassDOT PD AND DG Exhibit 8-48, except in locations with less than 18 inches of cover. All piping with less than 18 inches of cover shall be ductile iron Class 52 or thicker at these locations;
Table § 249-85
Recommended Cover (Reinforced Concrete Pipe)
Diameter Inches
III Modified Min-Max
Extra Strength Min-Max
Class III Min-Max
Class IV Min-Max
Class V Min-Max
6
24 inches to 23 feet
8
24 inches to 17 feet
10
24 inches to 13 feet
12
36 inches to 12 feet
24 inches to 13 feet
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
15
37 inches to 12 feet
24 inches to 13 feet
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
18
38 inches to 12 feet
24 inches to 13 feet
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
21
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
24
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
27
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
30
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
36
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
42
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
48
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
60
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
72
18 inches to 12 feet
12 inches to 20 feet
6 inches to 35 feet
1.
Maximum cover shown is measured from finish grade.
2.
Minimum cover shown is measured rom subgrade for construction traffic.
3.
Heavy weight cast iron pipe is required for subgrade cover less than 6 inches for laterals. For trunk line, use Class V reinforced concrete pipe.
Source: Hydraulics Manual, Oregon Department of Transportation
(2) 
Manholes nine feet or less in depth shall meet MassDOT Standard Construction Detail E 202.4.0 Precast Concrete Manholes nine feet or Less in Depth. All catch basins shall meet MassDOT Standard Construction Detail E 201.4.0 Precast Concrete Catch Basin;
(3) 
Open brooks or tributary ditches which are to be altered shall be shaped to a cross section and gradient and provided with stream bottom hardening, all acceptable to the Board;
(4) 
Sub-drains shall be provided in areas of cut or where deemed necessary to control the flow of groundwater beneath the proposed roadway and shall be constructed in accordance with the Typical Details provided in the appendices.
C. 
Underground installation. All utilities shall be installed underground. Depth of cover shall be as indicated in Figure 4.
D. 
Streetlights shall not be required in new residential subdivisions as a general rule; however, the Board reserves the right to require developers to install streetlights at intersections and/or other locations which in the opinion of the Board, with the advice of the Traffic Safety Officer, pose a danger to the public. Privately-owned, pole-mounted residential-style light fixtures, however, shall be required to be installed within 10 feet of the property line, and adjacent to the driveway, for each lot within the development. Streetlights shall also be manufactured and installed in conformance with electric utility standards and shall contain full cutoffs (hoods covering the sides of the lamps) to avoid any direct lighting off of streets and sidewalks.
E. 
Separation of water mains. All water mains shall be separated from all sanitary sewers, storm drainage systems and other sources of contamination. The water main separation shall meet the following requirements:
(1) 
The following factors shall be considered in providing adequate separation:
(a) 
Materials and type of joints for water and sewer pipes;
(b) 
Soil conditions;
(c) 
Service and branch connections into the water main and sewer line;
(d) 
Compensating variations in the horizontal and vertical separations;
(e) 
Space for repair and alterations of water and sewer pipes; and
(f) 
Off-setting of pipes around manholes.
(2) 
Parallel installation. Water mains shall be laid at least 10 feet horizontally from any existing or proposed manhole or sanitary sewer. This distance can be reduced to five feet for storm drain. All parallel installations shall meet this requirement unless the Applicant submits a waiver request for an alternate layout for approval by the Board and Town of Littleton Water Department. Any approved alternate layout shall provide a concrete encasement of the sanitary sewer or storm drain per Figure 4, Typical Concrete Encasement of Sanitary Sewers or Storm Drains.
(3) 
Crossings. Water mains crossing sewers shall be laid to provide a minimum vertical distance of 18 inches between the outside of the water main and the outside of the sanitary sewer or storm drain. This shall be the case whether the water main is either above or below the sanitary sewer or storm drain. At crossings, one full length of water pipe shall be located so both joints will be as far from the sanitary sewer or storm drain as possible. If the sanitary sewer or storm drain is over the water main, the sanitary sewer or storm drain pipe shall be encased in concrete per Figure 4, Typical Concrete Encasement of Sanitary Sewers or Storm Drains.
(4) 
Force mains. Force mains shall meet the requirements above for all Parallel Installations and Crossings. Any concrete encasements shall meet the requirements of Figure 4, Typical Concrete Encasement of Sanitary Sewers or Storm Drains.
(5) 
Septic tanks and leaching fields. Water mains shall be placed no closer than 10 feet horizontal distance from any septic tank or leaching field.
(6) 
Other underground storage tanks. Distribution lines shall be placed no closer than 50 feet horizontal distance from any underground storage tank.
A. 
Monuments.
(1) 
Permanent monuments shall be installed at all street intersections, at all points of change in direction or curvature of streets, at the center point of cul-de-sac streets, at all lot and easement corners along the right-of-way and at other points where, in the opinion of the Board, permanent monuments are necessary, but in any event not spaced further than 500 feet a part. Permanent monuments shall be of granite, not less than 48 inches long and six inches square, with dressed top and a 1/5 inch drill hole in the center and shall be set to finished grade. Semi-permanent monuments shall be set at all other lot and easement corners within the subdivision. Monuments shall be set under the supervision of a Professional Land Surveyor;
(2) 
No permanent monuments shall be installed until all construction which would destroy or disturb their location is completed.
B. 
Signage. Street signs of a design and material acceptable to the Board shall be installed for each street at each intersection. All applicable street, warning and regulatory signs shall be furnished and installed in accordance with the latest edition of MUTCD and as required by the Board. All signs shall be installed prior to the release of any lots. Street signs shall be erected at all intersections and shall identify the names of all intersecting streets. These signs shall be of the same type now existing in the Town and shall meet the specifications of the Littleton Highway Department. Street sign posts shall be seated in concrete per MassDOT Standard Specification Section 840. Street signs at intersections shall be erected prior to the construction of the building structure on the street.
C. 
Retaining walls shall be constructed in accordance with MassDOT Construction Standard E 302.2.0 when approved by the Board or designed in accordance to specific site conditions and stamped by a Professional Engineer. All exposed retaining wall finishes shall be approved by the Board. Fall prevention measures shall be incorporated into the retaining wall design per applicable regulations.
D. 
Development signage. The Applicant shall erect a sign at all entrances of the subdivision containing following:
(1) 
Development Name;
(2) 
Applicant Name;
(3) 
Applicant Address;
(4) 
Emergency contact Information (including name and current phone number).
E. 
Fee to streets. It is the preference of the Town that the new subdivision roads become public ways, except where the public interest is served by retention of private ways and means of adequately providing for such retention have been agreed upon.
F. 
As-built plans.
(1) 
Upon completion of construction and before release of the performance guaranty, the subdivider shall have prepared and submit record plans at a scale of one inch equals 20 feet, which is preferred, or one inch equals 40 feet. The plans shall indicate the actual location of the following:
(a) 
Street lines;
(b) 
The edge of the traveled way and path locations;
(c) 
All permanent monuments;
(d) 
The location and inverts of utilities and drainage installed by the developer or at existing tieins.
(2) 
The accuracy of such record plan shall be certified by a Professional Engineer, who shall also certify that all construction was executed in conformance with the Subdivision Regulations and with all requirements agreed upon as a condition to plan approval. The certification shall indicate that the constructed project meets the requirements of the design and construction standards of the regulations for complete release and acceptance;
(3) 
Applicant shall submit certification by a Professional Land Surveyor that all lot corners have been marked on the ground with permanent monuments as required herein;
(4) 
If proposed streets are intended for acceptance as public ways, a boundary description and a plan suitable for recording at the registry of deeds showing the location of the street layout lines, monuments and any easements to be conveyed, or already conveyed, to the Town shall be provided to the Board.
G. 
The Planning Board may determine that independent review of the plans and/or construction is required. The Board will obtain a quotation for the work required from an engineer of its choice, and the developer shall deposit funds equal to the amount of the quotation with the Treasurer of the Town of Littleton to pay for this work, in accordance with applicable General Laws, prior to the start of the review.
H. 
Monitoring and inspections. The Planning Board may choose to require (1) independent inspections of the ongoing work, (2) the Applicant to provide written certification to the Board that the work has been completed in accordance with these regulations or, at the discretion of the board (3) a combination of (1) and (2).
(1) 
Inspections. Inspection shall be made and the project shall be certified in writing to the Planning Board by the Highway Department or their authorized designee or by a Professional Engineer chosen by the Planning Board and the developer shall pay the fee in effect for such inspection services. The Applicant shall deposit funds equal to the amount of the inspection services with the Treasurer of the Town of Littleton to pay for this work, in accordance with applicable General Laws, prior to the start of the work. Municipal inspections in no way relieve the developer, contractor or project engineer of responsibility in insuring that all materials and all construction meet all standards as stated in these Rules and Regulations.
The contractor must ensure that the municipality's inspector is provided adequate notice to ensure inspection at the following points with at least a two business day notice. No further work shall be done on a project until each phase has been inspected and approved.
Inspection points shall include, at a minimum:
(a) 
Underground utilities and services before the backfilling of trenches or other covering of structures;
(b) 
Curbing prior to the placement of the top course of bituminous concrete surface;
(c) 
Roadway upon completion of the sub-grade dense graded crushed stone and gravel borrow base course, asphalt binder course (Type A) and asphalt surface course (Type B) prior to each required construction step;
(d) 
Sidewalk upon completion of the sub-grade dense graded crushed stone or gravel borrow base course and concrete sidewalk surface prior to each required construction step;
(e) 
At the completion of all the improvements.
(2) 
Written certification. Inspection shall be made and the project shall be certified in writing to the Planning Board by a Professional Engineer chosen by the Applicant, who shall certify that all work was done in accordance with the approved subdivision plans, except as noted, and shall provide a detailed list and plan of changes between the approved plan and what was built. An engineer or engineer's agent shall be on-site during the entire construction process to ensure compliance with the design and provide written certification to the Board that the engineer or engineer's agent was on-site during the entire construction process.
I. 
Cleaning up. Before sale of a lot the subdivider shall clean up any debris caused by street construction and installation of utilities.
A. 
Snow and ice removal. The Applicant shall be responsible for snow removal after the start of a snow and/or ice event to maintain continuous safe passage up to the time the Town accepts the road as a public way.
B. 
Safe travelway during construction. The Applicant shall be responsible for maintaining a safe roadway during both roadway construction and lot build-out. Traffic Management Plans shall be provided by the Applicant when work will impact existing roadways or roadways open to traffic. All work performed on the new roadway and at the intersections of new and existing roadways shall be done in accordance with MUTCD.
C. 
Street trees. When trees and other plantings are proposed by the Applicant or are required by the Board, it shall be required that the Applicant complete planting before the lots are developed. If left to the end of the lot build-out, irrigation or other items may be in place, impacting the final location of the trees.
D. 
Tracked vehicles. Tracked vehicles shall not be allowed on paved surfaces at any time during construction. Damaged pavement shall be replaced before the Town accepts the roadway.
E. 
Placement of pavement. Under no circumstances shall pavement be placed between November 15th and April 15th, unless approved by the Town of Littleton Highway Department. All surface and binder courses shall be placed in accordance with MassDOT Standard Specification Section 460. All base courses shall be placed in accordance with MassDOT Standard Specification Section 420. For all pavement courses, the bituminous concrete material temperature shall be as specified in the table in Section 460.61. The present surface, including but not limited to the sub-base and all pavement courses, shall be dry and free of frost before any pavement course or tack coat is applied.
F. 
Moratorium on excavation. No excavation, trenching or other significant construction activities related to excavation or paving shall be allowed within the proposed right-of-way as indicated in the Town's Street Opening Permit during the following times:
(1) 
November 15th to April 15th;
(2) 
Period of inclement weather, including but not limited to rain, snow and ice;
(3) 
When the temperature is below 40° F.;
(4) 
As directed by the Highway Operations Manager.
Any violations of this requirement shall result in the contractor being required to fully bond all work in the roadway until street acceptance and for a period of no less than five years after acceptance in a maintenance agreement with the Town. The bonding period shall be determined by the Board.