[Article 9. Adopted by Ordinance Number 865, passed March
20, 1990]
Guidelines and regulations for driveway approach, location and
construction and the Public Works Department Standard Plate Guidelines
have been adopted.
The primary function of any street or highway is to provide
for the movement of traffic from one point to another point. A secondary
function is to provide access from private properties onto these streets
and highways. The movement of traffic on the street system when combined
with the ingress and egress from private driveways does not always
result in a smooth movement of traffic. Oftentimes this poor movement
of traffic can be attributed to a driveway approach that is poorly
designed or poorly located.
The purpose of this Article is to establish guidelines and regulations
for the location and the design of driveway approaches that provide
access from public streets and highways to private property. These
policies and procedures conform closely to the recommended guidelines
approved by the Institute of Transportation Engineers.
Control has to be maintained over the number of driveways and
the size of these driveways to eliminate long open stretches along
a street where motorists can indiscriminately drive onto a street.
Past experience shows that the owner of commercial property feels
that if a driveway access is continuous along the entire frontage,
that the motorist will be attracted more easily than if only one or
two driveways are provided. A long curb opening allows vehicles to
exit onto a street at an angle which reduces the optimum line of sight
for a vehicle exiting onto a street. On the other end of the spectrum
is the residential dwelling. This owner is more concerned with the
cost of the driveway, than the owner of commercial property, so generally
this person wants to build the least expensive access. This type of
narrow driveway opening is a potential hazard, especially if the driveway
approach is located on a major street.
The following driveway approach designs, standards, specifications
and locations shall be followed and used for any driveway approach
that is constructed that provides ingress and/or egress onto any public
street or public right-of-way in the City of Ralston. These designs,
standards, specifications and locations shall also apply to the reconstruction
of existing driveway approaches.
The term "driveway" shall mean a place on private property
for the operation of automobiles and other vehicles.
The term "driveway approach" shall mean an area between the
roadway of a public street and private property intended to provide
access for vehicles from the roadway of a public street to private
property (see Figure 1).
The term "driveway return" shall mean the flare or the radius
that connects the edge or throat of a driveway with the edge of the
nearest travel lane (shown as R on Figure 1).
The term "driveway throat" shall mean that part of a driveway
approach which does not include the curb returns (shown as W on Figure
1).
The term "entrance angle" shall mean the angle between the
driveway approach centerline and the centerline of the intersecting
street (shown as A on Figure 1).
The term "frontage" shall mean the distance along the street
right-of-way line of a single property or development with the property
lines. Corner property at an intersection would have a separate frontage
along each street.
The term "person" as used herein shall include any person,
firm, partnership, association, joint stock company or corporation.
The term "service station" shall mean any property where
flammable liquids used as motor vehicle fuel are stored and dispensed
to the general public from fixed equipment into fuel tanks of motor
vehicles.
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referred to herein may be found
at the end of this Article.
1.
A residential driveway approach is one providing access to a single
family residence, to a duplex, or to an apartment building containing
five or fewer dwelling units.
2.
A commercial driveway approach is one providing access to an office,
retail, or institutional building or to an apartment building having
more than five dwelling units. Such buildings are customarily serviced
by trucks only occasionally. Industrial plant driveway approaches,
the principal function of which is to serve employee parking lots,
are considered commercial driveway approaches.
3.
An industrial driveway approach is one directly serving a substantial
number of truck movements to and from loading docks of an industrial
facility, warehouse or truck terminal.
4.
A regional shopping center is one whose drives serve more than 150
vehicles per hour. The minimum design that these driveway approaches
shall be constructed is as shown in Figure 2. A shopping center may
also have one or more driveway approaches especially designed, signed
and located to provide access for trucks. These drive approaches are
classified as industrial driveways.
1.
No person shall construct or reconstruct any driveway approach without
first having obtained a permit from the City of Ralston.
2.
No curb, gutter or driveway approach across or through any curb and
sidewalk shall be laid during the months of December, January, February
or March without the person constructing the same first receiving
a special permit from the Public Works Superintendent.
Only one driveway approach shall be permitted for commercial
and industrial properties that have less than 150 feet of frontage.
If the property is located on a corner, one access for each street
may be permitted. This does not apply to residential approaches or
approaches that are for service stations. Two approaches for a service
station onto each street on which it has frontage may be permitted
if all other requirements are met.
The Public Works Superintendent will inspect all driveway approaches
that abut a major street or serve a commercial or industrial establishment
prior to the issuance of the driveway approach permit. Therefore,
the application should be made five working days in advance of the
issuance of the permit.
1.
Driveway approaches shall be Portland cement concrete if they abut
a concrete, brick or asphalt street.
2.
Residential approaches shall be no less than six inches in thickness
of either concrete or asphalt.
3.
Commercial approaches shall be no less than seven inches of thickness
of concrete or eight inches in thickness of asphalt.
4.
Industrial approaches shall have a thickness no less than the street
they abut but in no case less than eight inches of p.c.c. or 10 inches
of asphalt.
|
Pounds Cement per Cubic Yard (Fixed)
|
Agg. per 100 Pounds Cement Pounds
|
Ratio Coarse Agg. to Total Agg. Percent
|
Type of Aggregate
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Min.
|
Max.
|
Fine
|
Coarse
| ||
|
564
|
Min. 510
|
555
|
30 ± 3
|
Sand Gravel
|
Fractured Limestone
|
5.
Concrete shall be placed, finished, control jointed, protected and
cured in accordance with specifications provided by the Public Works
Superintendent.
6.
Grinding of existing curb is permissible upon obtaining the approval
of the Public Works Superintendent. All saw cuts of driveway approach
shall be full depth. Asphalt overlap shall not be closer than one
foot from the back side of the curb.
Where more than one driveway approach on the same street serves
a single parcel of land, there shall be at least 40 feet of curb or
where no curb is present, there shall be at least 40 feet along the
edge of the roadway between the tangent point of the driveway approaches
(shown as S on Figure 1).[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: The figure referred to herein may be found
at the end of this Article.
No more than one driveway approach will be allowed if the total
length of curb opening on a street for access to a property exceeds
60% of the property frontage.
In general, the entrance angle for all driveway approaches shall
be as near 90° to the centerline of the street as is possible.
In no case shall the centerline of the driveway intersect the centerline
of the street at an angle of less than 60°.
Whenever possible and feasible, joint entrances shall be provided
to serve two adjacent properties. Applications for joint use entrances
shall be accomplished by a signed agreement from both property owners
and filed with an abstract with the City Clerk.
The beginning of the curb return shall not begin closer than
the property line extended except for joint entrance and residential
driveways, which may extend beyond the property line extended.
The curb return for commercial, except service stations, and
industrial driveway approaches shall not begin closer than 60 feet
from the projection of the intersecting street curb line extended
(shown as C on Figure 1).
The curb return for residential and service station driveway
approaches shall not begin closer than two feet from the tangent point
of the corner radii of the street intersecting with the driveway (shown
as K on Figure 1).[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: The figures referred to herein may be found
at the end of this Article.
A new application will have to be made for all new drive approaches.
All existing driveway approaches that will not be used shall be removed
at the owner's expense and curb replaced to the City of Ralston specifications.
1.
A driveway approach shall not interfere with municipal facilities
such as street lighting poles, traffic signal poles, sewer inlets,
hydrants, utility poles, underground pipes or ducts or other necessary
street structures. The cost of moving or relocating and any change
of grade associated with such moving of any municipal facilities shall
be paid for by the owner of the property.
2.
A driveway approach shall not begin closer than five feet from the
end of a sewer inlet. Any expense entailed in moving a sewer inlet
or any other street structure including the cost associated with any
change in grade shall be paid for by the owner of the property. This
moving of any municipal facility shall first be approved by the Public
Works Superintendent.
Where the situation demands that a drainage culvert is needed
under a driveway approach, the person constructing the driveway approach
shall install a drainage culvert meeting the dimensions and specifications
specified by the Public Works Superintendent. The minimum culvert
size shall be 18 inches in diameter.
No person shall construct, alter or extend, or permit or cause
to be constructed, altered or extended, any driveway approach which
can only be used as a parking space.
No commercial or industrial driveway approach shall be constructed
if vehicles can only back out of or into the driveway in order to
use it.
No curb shall be removed for the sole purpose of providing a
parking space between the roadway of a public street and private property.
Before a driveway access permit will be issued, a plan of the
driveway and approach design shall be submitted to the Public Works
Superintendent for his approval. Based on the type of driveway, the
following table lists the minimum and maximum size requirements for
the type of drive and approach for the type of street said driveway
abuts.
|
Residential Driveway
|
Throat Width
|
Return
|
|---|---|---|
|
Major Street**
|
10 feet min.
|
10 feet min. radius
|
|
30 feet max.
|
15 feet max. radius
| |
|
Minor Street
|
8 feet min.
|
5 feet flare min.
|
|
30 feet max.
|
5 feet flare max.
|
|
Commercial Driveway
|
Throat Width*
|
Return
|
|---|---|---|
|
Major Street**
|
25 feet min.
|
15 feet min. radius
|
|
35 feet max.
|
20 feet max. radius
| |
|
Minor Street
|
20 feet min.
|
10 feet min. radius
|
|
35 feet max.
|
20 feet max. radius
|
|
Industrial Driveway
|
Throat Width*
|
Return
|
|---|---|---|
|
Any Street
|
25 feet min.
|
20 feet min. radius
|
|
40 feet max.
|
40 feet max. radius
|
|
*
|
Requirements for commercial and industrial driveways are for
two-way traffic. The minimum throat width may be reduced by 10 feet
for one-way operation. These one-way driveways shall be signed in
accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for
Streets and Highways and this signing shall be the responsibility
of the property owner.
|
|
**
|
A Major Street in Ralston shall include the following streets
or portions of streets within the City Limits of Ralston:
|
|
Harrison Street:
|
72nd to 90th Street
|
|
72nd Street:
|
Harrison Street to the Big Papillion Creek Bridge
|
|
Park Drive:
|
84th Street to 90th Street
|
|
84th Street:
|
Harrison Street to "L" Street
|
|
Main Street:
|
72nd Street to 77th Street
|
|
77th Street:
|
Main Street to Serum Avenue
|
|
Serum Avenue:
|
77th Street to 78th Street
|
|
78th Street:
|
Serum Avenue to Harrison Street
|
|
Miller Avenue:
|
Main Street to Oakwood Street
|
|
Oakwood Street:
|
Miller Avenue to 80th Street
|
|
80th Street:
|
Oakwood Street to "Q" Street
|
|
"Q" Street:
|
80th Street to 84th Street
|
The City of Ralston will inspect the driveway location of all
commercial and industrial driveways to insure that there is proper
sight distance from the proposed driveway approach. This is for the
purpose that vehicles may egress with a minimum of hazard and disruption
of traffic. The following table will be used as a design criteria
to ensure that passenger cars have a safe sight distance in exiting
from a driveway.
|
Table 1: Safe Sight Distance for Passenger Cars Exiting from
Driveways Onto Two-Lane Streets
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Speed Limit
|
Safe Sight Distance-Left*
|
Safe Sight Distance-Right*
|
|
20 mph
|
150 feet
|
130 feet
|
|
30 mph
|
350 feet
|
260 feet
|
|
40 mph
|
530 feet
|
440 feet
|
|
50 mph
|
740 feet
|
700 feet
|
|
*
|
The sight distance requirements for passenger cars are based
on a 3.5 feet height of eye and 4.5 feet height of object measured
from the driver, who is 10 feet back of the pavement edge.
|
|
Table 2: Safe Sight Distance for Passenger Cars Exiting from
Driveways Onto Four or More Lane Streets
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Speed Limit
|
Safe Sight Distance-Left*
|
Safe Sight Distance-Right*
|
|
20 mph
|
130 feet
|
130 feet
|
|
30 mph
|
220 feet
|
260 feet
|
|
40 mph
|
380 feet
|
440 feet
|
|
50 mph
|
620 feet
|
700 feet
|
|
*
|
The sight distance requirements for passenger cars are based
on a 3.5 feet height of eye and 4.5 feet height of object measured
from the driver, who is 10 feet back of the pavement edge.
|
When the criteria for sight distances cannot be met, the need
can be eliminated by prohibiting left turns by exiting vehicles. Restrictions
of turning movements to right turns in and out of a driveway, together
with provision of a right turn acceleration lane designed in accordance
with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Standards, eliminates the need for the sight distances shown in the
above tables.
Driveway designs with center medians shall be submitted to the
Public Works Superintendent and each one will be approved or disapproved
based on the design and the need of this type of drive. Figure 2[1] shows the general design of this type of driveway.
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CITY OF RALSTON
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PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
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STANDARD PLATES
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|
The following Standard Plates of the City of Omaha have been
adopted for use by the City of Ralston. The adopted plates have been
modified to meet Ralston's specific needs/requirements. The modifications
are noted with the capital "R" to distinguish Ralston's standards
that vary from the City of Omaha's standards.
|
|
CITY OF OMAHA STANDARD PLATES TO BE ADOPTED BY CITY OF
RALSTON
|
|
Standard Plate No.
|
Standard Plate Description
|
Date Adopted
|
|---|---|---|
|
201
|
Pavement, Type I
|
March 1990
|
|
201B
|
Pavement, Type IB
|
March 1990
|
|
203
|
Pavement, Type III
|
March 1990
|
|
205
|
Pavement, Type V
|
March 1990
|
|
206
|
Pavement, Type VI
|
March 1990
|
|
207
|
Pavement, Industrial Type
|
March 1990
|
|
208
|
Typical Joint Locations
|
March 1990
|
|
210
|
Expansion Joint Details
|
March 1990
|
|
211
|
Transverse Joint Detail
|
March 1990
|
|
212
|
Longitudinal Joint Details
|
March 1990
|
|
212A
|
Expansion Joint Detail
|
March 1990
|
|
213
|
Transverse Construction Joint Detail
|
March 1990
|
|
220
|
Crown Ordinates (25' Pavement)
|
March 1990
|
|
250
|
Cul-de-sac Pavement Details
|
March 1990
|
|
301
|
Concrete Curb Details
|
March 1990
|
|
305
|
Concrete Header
|
March 1990
|
|
309
|
Typical Grading Detail
|
March 1990
|
|
310
|
Driveway Details, Residential (Minor Street-New Pavement)
|
March 1990
|
|
311
|
Driveway Grades
|
March 1990
|
|
312
|
Driveway Connection Details
|
March 1990
|
|
313
|
Driveway Details (Major Streets-New Pavement)
|
March 1990
|
|
320
|
Sidewalk Construction Details
|
March 1990
|
|
321
|
Sidewalk Location Standard
|
March 1990
|
|
545
|
Pavement Repair
|
March 1990
|
|
677A, B & C
|
Wheelchair Ramp ABC (3 sheets)
|
March 1990
|
|
708
|
Manhole Detail
|
March 1990
|
|
709
|
Cast Iron Manhole Ring and Cover (2 Sheets)
|
March 1990
|
|
714
|
Sewer Service Connection
|
March 1990
|
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[1]
Editor's Note: The figure referred to herein may be found
at the end of this Article.
