The construction of storm drainage facilities shall be controlled
by these standards and all other applicable Town standards.
[1]
Editor's Note: Original Part II, Section III, Secs. 1,
General Construction Practices, and 2, Roadway Construction, which
immediately preceded this section, were repealed 10-10-2007 by L.L.
No. 6-2007.
A.
General. Construction of sanitary sewerage facilities shall be controlled
by these standards and all other applicable Town standards.
B.
Maintaining existing service. The owner shall maintain full service
in the existing sewer system continuously. No discharge of sewage
to a point outside the system shall be permitted at any time.
C.
House service. A Y-branch and house service extending to the edge
of the right-of-way or beyond shall be installed for each lot. A hardwood
stake extending from the sewer to the ground surface shall be installed
at the end of each house service before backfilling. The end of the
house service shall be sealed with an approved stopper manufactured
for the purpose and the stopper shall be wedged in place with stone
or masonry before backfilling. The house service shall eventually
be connected to the building it serves before the Town approves the
building construction.
D.
Tests.
(1)
It is the intention of these construction standards to secure a system
with a minimum amount of infiltration.
(2)
To check the amount of infiltration, the Town shall require infiltration-exfiltration
tests.
(a)
Infiltration tests. The owner shall furnish and maintain a V-notch
sharp crested weir in a wood frame tightly secured in the sewer system
at the locations directed by the Town. The maximum allowable infiltration
shall be 200 gallons per mile, per inch of diameter of sewer main,
per twenty-four-hour day at any time. The period of testing shall
be a minimum of one hour.
(b)
Exfiltration tests. The owner shall furnish and maintain the
necessary plugs, stoppers, water supply and measuring devices at locations
required by the Town. All openings in the section of the system to
be tested shall be securely stopped and the section filled with water
to provide a minimum of two feet of head over all sewers in the section.
(3)
After filling, the system shall be allowed to stand a minimum of
12 hours before conducting the tests. The maximum allowable exfiltration
shall be 200 gallons per mile per inch diameter of the sewer per twenty-four-hour
day at any time plus 20 gallons for each additional two feet head
over the basic two feet minimum.
(4)
General. Any section of the sewer system that shows infiltration-exfiltration
in excess of the allowable limits shall be repaired by means satisfactory
to the Town. When the system has been demonstrated to be within allowable
limits, the owner shall remove all plugs, stoppers and weirs.
(5)
Sewers must be straight between manholes, and shall be tested for
straightness by flashing a light from manhole to manhole, lamping,
or by other suitable means.
A.
General. All components shall be of approved, unused materials; manufacturers
recommended procedures shall be employed.
B.
Water mains.
(1)
The full length of each section of pipe shall rest solidly upon the
pipe bed, with adequate recesses excavated for the bells and joints.
The interior of all pipes shall be thoroughly cleaned of all foreign
matter before being placed in the trench, and shall be kept clean
during the laying operations by means of plugs or other approved methods.
(2)
The pipe shall not be laid in water or when trench conditions are
unsuitable for the work, except by permission of the Engineer. Water
shall be kept out of the trench until the joints have been completed.
When work is not in progress, open ends of the pipes shall be securely
closed so that no trench water, earth or other substances will enter
the pipes or fittings.
(3)
Any section of pipe found to be defective before or after laying
shall be replaced with new pipe.
(4)
Lines shall be installed with a minimum of five feet cover.
(a)
Handling. Pipe and accessories shall be handled in such a manner
as to insure delivery on the work site in sound, undamaged condition.
Particular care shall be taken not to injure pipe coating. All surface
areas of coated pipe that are damaged shall be recoated with hot bituminous
material equal to that used to factory coat the pipe.
(b)
Cutting. Cutting of pipe shall be done in a neat and workmanlike
manner without damage to the pipe or pipe lining. Unless otherwise
authorized by the Town, all pipe cutting shall be done by means of
an approved type of mechanical cutter. Wheel-type cutters shall be
used when practicable.
(c)
Placing and laying:
[1]
Before being lowered into the trench, all sections of pipe shall
be inspected for defects and tapped with a light hammer to detect
cracks. Defective, damaged or unsound pipe shall be rejected.
[2]
Deflections from a straight line or grade, as required by vertical
curves, horizontal curves or offsets, shall not exceed that recommended
by the appropriate specifications or, if not specified, then by the
manufacturer's recommendations. If the alignment requires deflections
in excess of these limitations, the owner shall provide special bends
or a sufficient number of shorter lengths to provide angular deflections
within the limit set forth.
[3]
Before jointing, all lumps, blisters, excess coating material,
oil and grease that will interfere with proper jointing shall be removed
from the ends of all pipes.
(d)
Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be made in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations. Rubber gaskets shall
be used. Torque wrenches, calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions, shall be used on the joint assembly.
(e)
Slip-type joints. Slip-type joints shall be made in accordance
with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(f)
Anchoring. All T-connections, bends and dead ends shall be securely
anchored in place by means of tie-rods and pipe clamps or concrete
thrust blocks resting against undisturbed soil.
(g)
Testing. After the installation of the water distribution system,
or systems thereof, the water lines shall be filled and all air blown
off. The system or parts thereof shall then be subjected to hydrostatic
test. All testing shall be performed in the presence of the Town and
shall be under the Town's supervision. Hydrostatic test and leakage
allowances shall conform to Section 9903 of NBFU No. 24. If any section
of the distribution system shows a leakage greater than specified,
the leaks shall be located and repaired until the leakage is within
the specified limits.
(h)
Disinfection. Mains shall be disinfected in accordance with
AWWA C601. Water containing not more than 50 parts per million of
free available chlorine shall be allowed to stand in all lines and
systems for at least 24 hours, after which time there shall be at
least 10 parts per million residual chlorine remaining in the water.
All new valves and hydrants shall be operated while the lines are
filled with heavily chlorinated water. Following chlorination to the
satisfaction of the Town, all disinfecting water shall be flushed
from the lines until the chlorine residual does not exceed 1.0 part
per million.
C.
Valves.
(1)
Valves shall be set with the stems vertical. After valves have been
installed and adjusted, they shall be tested for operation under maximum
operating pressure, shall be watertight and shall operate easily.
(2)
Valve boxes shall be installed so that covers are flush with the
finish ground surface. Boxes shall be set vertical and centered over
the valve.
(3)
A valve record card shall be completed for each valve installed.
The card shall be furnished by the Town and shall be returned to the
Town when completely filled out.
D.
Hydrants.
(1)
Each hydrant shall be set vertical and shall be anchored as indicated
on the standard detail.[1] Hydrants shall
be set so that the distance between the finish grade line and the
hose connections is between the limits indicated on the standard detail.
[1]
Editor's Note: See Standard Drawings, which is included as
an attachment to this chapter.
(2)
That portion of each hydrant below finish grade shall be given a
coat of hot bituminous material prior to installation. This coating
shall be equal to that used for coating of cast-iron fittings and
water lines.
(3)
A hydrant record card shall be completed for each hydrant installed.
The card shall be furnished by the Town and shall be returned to the
Town when completely filled out.
E.
Services.
(1)
All service taps shall be made with a service clamp installed unless
factory installed. The corporation stop shall be inserted as recommended
by the manufacturer for the type of pipe installed.
(2)
The service shall be installed in accordance with backfilling requirements
of these standards and in accordance with standard details.
A.
General. All labor, materials, equipment, tools and services required
for the furnishing and installation of any type of pipe shall conform
to the following specifications.
B.
Pipe.
(1)
All pipe shall be installed in the sizes and to the lines and grades
shown on the approved subdivision drawing. The type and specifications
of pipe to be furnished and installed in each location shall be as
designated on the subdivision drawings. Pipe shall be new number one
pipe and shall be rejected if found not to meet the minimum requirements
set by the Town.
(2)
All pipe lines and appurtenances of whatever type or description
shall be constructed in an approved manner to the complete satisfaction
of the Town.
(3)
Where lift holes are provided in concrete pipe they shall be filled
with a stiff mortar mix after the pipe is installed in the trench.
(4)
The owner, at his own expense, at all times during the progress of
the work, shall keep the trenches and excavations free from water.
Water from trenches and excavations shall be disposed of in such a
manner as will neither cause injury to the public health, nor to the
surface of streets, nor cause any interference with the use of public
rights-of-way. Water shall not be allowed to flow away through newly
laid sewers.
(5)
All pipe shall be installed to the limits of the approved subdivision
section and shall terminate in a manhole, catch basin, hydrant or
blowoff as appropriate. Stubs shall be installed in manholes and catch
basins to provide for future extension of pipe lines.
C.
Excavation general.
(1)
Necessary arrangements shall be made by the owner with all persons,
firms, or corporations owning or using any poles pipes, tracks, or
conduits, etc., affected by his construction to maintain and protect
such facilities during construction. In the event any existing gas
pipes, water pipes, conduits, sewers, tile drains or poles are blocked
or interfered with by the excavation required on this project, the
owner shall maintain them in continuous operation and restore them
to the same condition as they were prior to the start of construction.
(2)
Sidewalks and pavements must in no case be blocked or obstructed
by excavated material except with the approval of the Town and then
only when adequate provisions have been made for a satisfactory temporary
passage of pedestrians and vehicles. Adequate bridging and planked
crossings must be provided and maintained across all open trenches
for pedestrians and vehicles when so ordered by the Town. Barriers,
lights, flares and watchmen shall be provided and maintained by the
owner at all trenches, excavations and embankments as required by
the Town.
(3)
The excavation of the trench shall not advance more than 200 feet
ahead of the completed masonry or pipe work except where necessary
to drain wet ground. The width of trenches in which pipe is to be
installed shall be such as to provide adequate space for workmen to
place and joint the pipe properly and shall be in accordance with
the following:
|
Maximum Trench Widths One Foot Above Top of Pipe
| |
|---|---|
|
Pipe Size
(inches)
|
Trench Width
|
|
8 to 12
|
30 inches
|
|
15 to 18
|
OD plus 16 inches
|
|
21 to 27
|
OD plus 18 inches
|
|
30 to 36
|
OD plus 24 inches
|
|
Note: "OD" is outside diameter of pipe barrel.
|
(4)
The owner shall furnish, put in place and maintain such sheeting
and bracing as may be required to support properly the sides and ends
of excavations, and to prevent injury to the structure built or to
persons or property.
(5)
If at any time the Town so orders, the owner shall install such additional
sheeting and bracing as may be required by the State of New York,
Department of Labor, by adverse soil conditions, or by the Town; but
compliance with such orders or failure on the part of the Town to
exercise its right to give such order shall in no way release the
owner from liability for damage caused by weak or insufficient sheeting
nor from his responsibility to protect the work and adjacent property.
Voids appearing outside the sheeting shall be immediately and compactly
filled with suitable material and to the satisfaction of the Town.
(6)
All sheeting and bracing shall be in accordance with the Industrial
Code Rule No. 23 of the State of New York, Department of Labor, Board
of Standards and Appeals.
(7)
Trench bottoms shall be excavated to conform to the type of bedding
specified for the project.
(8)
Where excavations are opened and, in the opinion of the Town, the
materials in place are not adequate for structural stability of the
completed work, the Town may order the owner to carry the excavation
to an additional depth, furnish and place concrete cradles, sand or
gravel refill and/or timber and piling foundations.
D.
Rock excavation.
(1)
Excavation and trenches in rock shall be carried to a depth of 1/4
the diameter of the pipe but in no case less than six inches below
the pipe bottom, and shall be made by any acceptable method, including
use of explosives.
(2)
Where blasting is necessary, it shall be done by men experienced
in such work. All blasts shall be well covered; and provisions made
to protect pipes, conduits, sewers, structures, persons and property
adjacent to the site of the work. Prior to blast, all persons in the
vicinity shall be given ample warning. Blasting will not be permitted
between the hours of 6:30 p.m. and 6:30 a.m., except with special
permission, nor within 25 feet of the completed work.
(3)
All handling and use of explosives shall be in accordance with Industrial
Code Rules No. 23 and 39 of the New York Department of Labor, Board
of Standards and Appeals, and Article 16 of the New York State Labor
Law.
(4)
The owner shall secure all permits required by law for blasting operations
and any additional hazard insurance required.
E.
Lines and grades. Three batter boards, a top line plumb bob and grade
pole shall be used to transfer line and grade from grade stakes to
pipe line unless some other method of checking the pipe invert grade
and line is approved by the Town.
F.
Bedding. The class of bedding to be used shall be as specified in
the final submission drawings. There shall be excavation for bells
and flanges in all classes of bedding. Beddings for pipe shall conform
to one or more of the following:
(1)
First-class bedding. First-class bedding is that method of laying
pipe in which the pipe is carefully bedded in compacted granular materials
placed on a flat trench bottom. The granular material shall be crushed
stone, pea gravel or sand and maximum particle size shall be 3/4 inch.
The depth of the granular bedding below the bottom of the pipe shall
be 1/4 the outside pipe diameter or four inches, whichever is greater
and shall extend to a point four inches over the top of the pipe.
If mechanically tamped, material may be placed in six-inch layers;
three-inch layers if tamped by hand. If a clean, dry, free-flowing
sand is used, no compaction will be required. All materials up to
12 inches over the top of the pipe shall be placed by hand.
(2)
Concrete cradle bedding.
(a)
Concrete cradle bedding is that method of bedding pipe in which
the lower part of the pipe exterior is bedded in plain or reinforced
concrete of 2,500 psi or greater, having a minimum thickness under
the pipe of 1/4 the nominal inside diameter and extending up the sides
of the pipe for a height equal to 1/4 of the outside diameter.
(b)
The cradle shall have a width at least equal to the outside
diameter of the barrel of the pipe plus eight inches and it shall
be constructed monolithically without horizontal construction joints.
The remainder of the bedding to a point four inches over the top of
the pipe shall conform to "first-class bedding."[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See § 368-29F(1).
(3)
Concrete encasement.
(a)
Concrete encasement is that method of bedding pipe in which
the entire pipe is jacketed by plain or reinforced concrete having
a compressive strength of 2,500 psi or greater. The encasement width
and height shall be at least equal to the outside diameter of the
barrel of the pipe plus eight inches, or as shown on the approved
subdivision drawings.
(b)
Normally stronger pipe should be used with concrete cradle or
encasement being permitted only in unusual cases.
G.
Pipe laying.
(1)
Pipe shall be protected during handling against impact shocks and
free fall. Pipe shall be kept clean at all times.
(2)
The laying of pipe in prepared trenches shall be commenced at the
lowest point with the spigot ends pointing in the direction of flow.
(3)
All pipe shall be laid with ends abutting and true to line and grade.
They shall be carefully centered, so that when laid they will form
a uniform invert.
(4)
Preparatory to making pipe joints all surfaces of the portions of
the pipe to be jointed or of the factory made jointing material shall
be clean and dry. Lubricants, primers, adhesives, etc., shall be used
as recommended by the pipe or joint manufacturer. The jointing of
materials or factory fabricated joints shall then be placed, fitted,
joined and adjusted in such a workmanlike manner as to obtain the
degree of watertightness required.
(5)
Trenches shall be kept waterfree and as dry as possible during bedding,
laying and jointing and for as long a period as required. As soon
as possible after the joint is made, sufficient backfill material
shall be placed along each side of the pipe to offset conditions that
might tend to move the pipe off line and grade.
(6)
All ends of pipe runs shall be capped with standard stoppers or with
a fitting provided with an approved joint. If stoppers are used, they
must be wedged in place with boulders or masonry blocks. Large lines
may be bricked off at the ends or otherwise sealed in a manner approved
by the Engineer.
H.
Backfilling.
(2)
No frozen material shall be used for backfill.
(3)
When backfilling in open-cut across or within the right-of-way limits of any street, road, highway or railroad, the remainder of the backfill shall be select granular material. Compaction for the entire depth shall be as directed under § 368-29F, Bedding, or with water if satisfactory drainage is provided for free water.
(4)
When backfilling in unpaved areas outside the rights-of-way, the
excavated material may be used to complete the backfilling, provided
all deleterious contents, if any, are removed as directed by the Town.
The backfill shall be rounded off over the trench not higher than
eight inches. Material shall be compacted in layers not more than
two feet thick by hand or by machine.
(5)
No pipe shall be covered before permission is given by the Town.
(6)
Under no circumstances shall water be permitted to rise in trenches
before they are backfilled.
(7)
Backfilling shall be completed to a point two feet above the top
of all pipe laid each day. Operations shall be scheduled so that the
trench is completely backfilled to within 200 feet of the end of the
completed, installed sewer at the end of each day.
(8)
Whenever timber sheeting is driven to a depth below the elevation
of the top of the pipe, that portion of the sheeting below the elevation
of the top of the pipe shall not be disturbed or removed. Whenever
timber sheeting is driven for the protection of trench walls in water-bearing
soil, no portion of such sheeting below a level four feet over the
top of the pipe shall be removed.
I.
Tunnels. Methods of excavation support and backfill in tunnels made
beneath existing structures, railroads, pavements and sidewalks for
the installation of pipe or conduits shall be subject to approval
of the Town before work is begun.
J.
Jacking and boring. Methods of jacking or boring to install pipe
shall be approved by the Town before such work is started.
K.
Manholes and catch basins.
(1)
Materials shall be approved by the Town. Concrete block masonry shall
be constructed in horizontal courses with vertical joints staggered.
(2)
Brick masonry shall be constructed in horizontal courses, with a
header course every seventh course.
(3)
Concrete block and brick sidewalls shall be laid in a full bed of
mortar. Joints on interior walls shall be struck smooth. All joints
in block and brick shall be completely filled.
(4)
Concrete block and brick manholes shall be plastered with a mortar
coat one-half-inch thick on the outside.
(5)
Precast concrete rings shall be laid with full mortar joints.
(6)
Mortar shall consist of one part portland cement and two parts clean
torpedo sand with 10% hydrated lime added.
(7)
Pipe placed through manhole or catch basin sidewalls, and stubs installed
for future extensions shall extend through the walls a sufficient
distance to allow connection on the outside. Such pipes shall be struck
smooth on the inside in line with the inside wall of the manhole.
The manhole masonry shall be carefully constructed around all pipes,
so as to prevent leakage along the outer surfaces.
(8)
Frame castings shall be set in full mortar beds on top of masonry.
(9)
The top four inches to 12 inches of the manhole, directly under the
casting shall be constructed of brick to provide for adjustment to
grade and future construction. Field cutting of precast manhole sections
shall not be allowed for grade adjustment.
L.
Connections.
(1)
Connections of new lines to existing lines when encountered in construction
and not shown on the subdivision drawings shall be made where ordered
by the Town. Such connections shall be made within a manhole or catch
basin in the case of sewers or storm drains except for house sewer
and drain connections.
A.
General. Concrete used in any type of construction shall meet the
strength and durability requirements of these standards as determined
by testing procedures specified herein. Materials used shall meet
the requirements of these standards and shall be approved by the Board
for the intended use.
B.
Materials.
(1)
Cement. Cement shall be one of the types approved by the Board and
the type selected shall be the proper one for its intended use.
(2)
Aggregate.
(a)
Aggregates shall be approved by the Board. Aggregates failing
to meet these requirements but producing concrete of the required
quality as shown by special tests or actual service may be used with
the permission of the Board.
(b)
The maximum size of the aggregate shall be 1/5 of the narrowest
dimension between sides of the forms within which the concrete is
to be cast, and 3/4 of the minimum clear spacing between reinforcing
bars, or between forms and reinforcing bars. For unreinforced slabs,
the maximum size of aggregate shall be 1/3 the slab thickness.
(3)
Mixing water. Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free
from injurious amounts of oils, acid, alkalies, organic materials,
salts or other substances that may be deleterious to concrete or steel.
C.
Quality of concrete.
(1)
Class of concrete. Concrete installed in various structures or units
shall be one of the three classes defined in the following subsections.
The class to be installed shall be as specified in the subdivision
final approval.
|
Class of Concrete
| |
|---|---|
|
Class I
|
4000 psi at 28 days
|
|
Class II
|
3000 psi at 28 days
|
|
Class III
|
2500 psi at 28 days
|
(2)
Water cement ratio.
(a)
All concrete shall be proportioned on the basis of water-cement
ratio which is defined as the ratio of the total quantity of water
in the mixture, including the surface water carried by the aggregate,
to the quantity of cement. The ratio is expressed in U.S. gallons,
8 1/3 pounds to the gallon, per ninety-four-pound sack of cement.
(b)
Concrete that is subject to freezing temperatures while wet
shall have a water-cement ratio not exceeding six gallons per bag
and shall contain entrained air.
(3)
Concrete proportions and consistency.
(a)
The proportions of the concrete shall produce a mixture that
will work readily, with the placement method used, into the corners
and angles of the forms and around reinforcement. Neither segregation
of materials in the mixture nor the collection of excess free water
on the surface shall be permitted.
(b)
The slump of concrete shall be the minimum that is practicable.
When vibrators are used to consolidate the concrete, the slump shall
not exceed four inches; otherwise, the slump shall not exceed six
inches.
(c)
The methods of measuring the concrete materials shall be such
that the proportions can be accurately controlled and easily checked.
Measurement of materials for ready-mixed concrete shall conform to
Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM C94).
D.
Tests on concrete.
(1)
Sampling. As the work progresses, concrete shall be sampled in accordance
with ASTM method of sampling fresh concrete (ASTM C172).
(2)
Slump test. Slump tests shall be made according to ASTM Method of
Test for Slump of Portland Cement Concrete (ASTM C143).
(3)
Compression test.
(a)
Compression test specimens shall be made and cured according
to ASTM Method of Making and Curing Concrete Compression and Flexture
Test Specimens in the Field (ASTM C31). Not less than three specimens
shall be made for each test at each age nor less than one test for
each 150 cubic yards of concrete of each class. At least one test
per day shall be made of each class of concrete used that day.
(b)
Specimens shall be taken by the owner or his representative
under the direction of the Town and the tests made by a laboratory
approved by the Town. The cost of transportation to the laboratory
and of testing the concrete cylinders shall be borne by the owner.
The owner shall furnish two copies of all test results to the Town.
(c)
Additional specimens cured under job conditions may be required
when, in the opinion of the Town, there is a possibility of the surrounding
air temperature falling below 40° F. or rising above 90° F.
(d)
Specimens shall be tested according to ASTM Method of Test for
Compressive Strength of Molded Concrete Cylinders (ASTM C39).
(e)
The standard age of test specimens shall be 28 days, but seven-day
specimens may be used, provided that the relationship between the
seven-day and twenty-eight-day strengths of the concrete is established
by test for the materials and proportions used.
(f)
If, after testing, the average strength of test cylinders is
found to be more than 10% below the required strength, the Town may
elect either to permit such concrete to remain in place and require
the owner to forfeit from his performance bond an amount agreeable
to both the owner and the Town or require the owner, at his own expense,
to remove the concrete area deficient in the specified strength and
replace it with concrete of satisfactory quality.
E.
Mixing and placing concrete.
(1)
Preparation of equipment and place of deposit.
(a)
Before placement, all equipment for mixing and transporting
the concrete shall be cleaned and all debris and ice shall be removed
from the places to be occupied by the concrete. Forms and subbase
shall be thoroughly wetted (except in freezing weather) or oiled.
The reinforcement shall be thoroughly cleaned of ice, dirt, rust,
scale or other coatings.
(b)
Standing water shall be removed from place of deposit before
concrete is placed unless otherwise permitted by the Town. All laitance
and other unsound materials shall be removed from hardened concrete
before additional concrete is added.
(2)
Mixing of concrete.
(a)
For job-mixed concrete, the mixer shall be rotated at a speed
recommended by the manufacturer. Each batch of one cubic yard or less
shall be mixed for at least one minute after all materials are in
the mixer. The mixing time shall be increased 15 seconds for each
additional cubic yard or part thereof. The entire batch shall be discharged
before the mixer is recharged.
(b)
Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance
with Specifications for Ready-Mixed Concrete (ASTM C94).
(3)
Conveying of concrete:
(a)
Concrete shall be conveyed from the mixer to the place of final
deposit by methods that will prevent separation or loss of materials.
(b)
Equipment for chuting, pumping and pneumatically conveying concrete
shall be of such size and design as to achieve a practically continuous
flow of concrete at the delivery end without separation of materials.
(4)
Placing of concrete.
(a)
Concrete shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its
final position to avoid segregation due to rehandling or flowing.
The placing of concrete shall be carried on at such rate that concrete
is at all times plastic and flows readily into the spaces between
the bars. No concrete that has partially hardened or been contaminated
by foreign material shall be deposited on the work, nor shall retempered
concrete be used.
(b)
All concrete shall be thoroughly consolidated by suitable means
during placement. It shall be thoroughly worked around reinforcement
and embedded fixtures and into the corners of the forms. Tools used
shall be such that they will not cause segregation of aggregates.
(5)
Curing of concrete. Provision shall be made for maintaining concrete
in a moist condition for a period of at least five days after placement.
For high-early-strength concretes, however, moist curing shall be
provided for at least the first two days, when concrete and air temperatures
are above 50° F.; longer periods of curing shall be required when
temperatures are below 50° F.
(6)
Cold weather concreting:
(a)
Adequate equipment shall be provided for heating concrete materials
and protecting concrete during freezing or near-freezing weather.
No frozen materials or materials containing snow or ice shall be used
in the concrete.
(b)
All reinforcement, forms, fillers and ground with which the
concrete is to come into contact shall be free from snow and ice.
Whenever the temperature of the surrounding air is below 40° F.
all concrete placed in the forms shall have a temperature of 45°
F. or higher after placement.
(c)
Adequate means shall be provided for maintaining this temperature
for four days. When high-early-strength concrete is used, a temperature
of 45° F. shall be maintained for three days. In either case,
any additional time necessary to ensure proper curing of the concrete
shall be provided as directed by the Town.
(d)
The housing, covering, or other protection used in connection
with curing shall remain in place and intact at least 24 hours after
the artificial heating is discontinued. No dependence shall be placed
on salt or other chemicals for the prevention of freezing.
(7)
Hot weather concreting.
(a)
In hot weather, suitable precautions shall be taken to avoid
drying of the concrete prior to finishing operations. Use of windbreaks,
sunshades, fog sprays, or other devices shall be provided as directed
by the Town.
(b)
Concrete deposited in hot weather shall not have a placing temperature
that will cause difficulty from loss of slump, flash set or cold joints.
Concrete temperatures shall be less than 90° F.
(8)
Forms:
(a)
Forms shall conform to shapes, lines and dimensions of the members
as called for in the subdivision final submission and shall be sufficiently
tight to prevent leakage of mortar. They shall be properly braced
or tied together so as to maintain position and shape.
(b)
Forms shall be removed in such a manner as to ensure the complete
safety of the structure. Where the structure is supported on shores,
the removable floor forms, beams and girder sides and column and similar
vertical forms may be removed after 24 hours, provided the concrete
is sufficiently hard. In no case shall the supporting forms or shoring
be removed until members have acquired sufficient strength to support
their weight and imposed loads safely.
(9)
Placing and splicing of reinforcements. The reinforcements shall
be protected by the thickness of the concrete indicated in the subdivision
final approval. Where not otherwise shown, the thickness of concrete
over the reinforcement shall be as follows:
(a)
Where concrete is deposited against the ground without the use
of forms: not less than three inches.
(b)
Where concrete is exposed to the weather or to the ground but
placed in forms: not less than two inches for bars larger than No.
5 and 1 1/2 inches for No. 5 bars or smaller.
(c)
In slabs and walls not exposed to the ground or to the weather:
not less than 3/4 inch.
(d)
In beams, girders and columns not exposed to the ground or to
the weather: not less than 1 1/2 inches.
(e)
In all cases: at least equal to the diameter of bars or 1 1/2
times the side dimension of a square bar.
A.
General. Underground cable for telephone and/or electric service
shall be installed in conformance with requirements listed herein
and other sound installation practices.
B.
Sequence of construction. Installation of cable and conduit shall
be subsequent to ROW grading, but prior to any paving operations.
Grading shall be within six inches of proposed final grade.
C.
Conduit. Rigid conduit shall be placed under all roadways prior to
the installation of the cable. Conduit of appropriate size shall conform
to the "National Electric Code." Conduit installation to conform to
excavation and backfilling items under Item 5T, NYSDPW Specifications,
with the sand backfill to be at least six inches below and six inches
above the conduit.
D.
Identification. To protect from inadvertent cuts into any cable,
any buried cable shall have placed approximately one foot above such
cable a continuous ribbon of brightly colored, nonreactive plastic.
E.
Documentation. The developer shall indicate all cable and conduit
locations on the as-built drawings when submitted to the Town.
