[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
The regulations of this article are intended to achieve, among
other things, the following purposes:
(a)
To relieve congestion on streets to create safer travel for all forms
of transportation;
(b)
To ensure safe pedestrian and bicycle access to and between developments;
(c)
To lessen vehicular movement in the vicinity of intensive pedestrian
and bicycle traffic to promote safety and convenience;
(d)
To protect adjoining residential neighborhoods from the impacts of
large vehicular use areas created for nonresidential and/or mixed-use
development; and
(e)
To provide regulations and standards for the development of accessory
off-street parking and loading facilities in accordance with objectives
of the various planning efforts in the City, including the Downtown
Master Plan.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021; Ord. No. 10799, 2-15-2023]
Unless otherwise stated, the requirements of this article shall
apply to all development and expansions as set forth in this section.
(a)
Time of review. Compliance with this article shall be reviewed as
part of an application for a special use permit or site plan review,
whichever review comes first. Where such reviews are not required,
compliance shall be reviewed as part of an application for a building
permit.
(b)
New development.
(1)
The requirements of this article shall apply to all new development
where there is the construction of a new structure or establishment
of a new land use.
(2)
New buildings that are constructed with a depth of less than
24 feet and provide the benefit of screening parking fields from street
frontages and pedestrian passageways shall be considered liner buildings.
Said liner buildings, which are constructed within the Downtown Master
Plan Study Area, shall not be required to comply with the off-street
parking, loading, or queuing lane requirements.
(3)
Unenclosed
outdoor dining areas that have seating for 49 or fewer individuals
and that are located within the area bounded by Bodley Avenue to the
north, Taylor Avenue to the east, Woodbine Avenue to the south, and
Clay Avenue to the west, shall be exempt from additional parking,
loading, and queuing requirements established in this article. Said
unenclosed areas may be covered by a roof and may include a barrier
with a maximum height of 42 inches; however, said areas shall not
be enclosed by wall, glass, screen, vinyl wall, or any similar enclosure
that exceeds 42 inches in height.
(4)
The number of existing parking, loading, or queuing lanes may
not be reduced below the minimum requirements established within this
article.
(c)
Existing development. Off-street parking, loading, and queuing areas
that are legally in existence on the effective date of this Code may
not be reduced in size or number unless already exceeding the requirements
of this article for equivalent new construction, in which cases, said
spaces shall not be reduced below the number required by this article.
(d)
Expansions, reductions, and changes in use.
(1)
The requirements of this article shall apply when an existing
structure is expanded or enlarged, when there is an increase in the
number of dwelling units within the building, or when there is a change
of use that requires additional off-street parking, loading, or queuing
lanes. In the case of expansions and enlargements, additional parking,
loading, and queuing lanes are required to serve only the enlarged
or expanded area.
(2)
When an existing structure is reduced in size, when there is
a reduction in the number of dwelling units within the building, or
when there is a change of use that requires fewer off-street parking,
loading, or queuing lanes, the total number of spaces required by
this article may be reduced, provided that the vehicular use area
complies with this article.
(3)
The change of use of any premises or the remodeling of any existing
building within the area bounded by Bodley Avenue to the north, Taylor
Avenue to the east, Woodbine Avenue to the south, and Clay Avenue
to the west, shall be exempt from additional parking, loading, and
queuing requirements established in this article. However, existing
premises shall not decrease their existing parking, loading, or queuing
lanes, including spaces leased to the City. New buildings and additions
to existing buildings shall meet the parking, loading, or queuing
requirements in this article.
(4)
Unenclosed
outdoor dining areas that have seating for 49 or fewer individuals
and that are located within the area bounded by Bodley Avenue to the
north, Taylor Avenue to the east, Woodbine Avenue to the south, and
Clay Avenue to the west, shall be exempt from additional parking,
loading, and queuing requirements established in this article. Said
unenclosed areas may be covered by a roof and may include a barrier
with a maximum height of 42 inches; however, said areas shall not
be enclosed by wall, glass, screen, vinyl wall, or any similar enclosure
that exceeds 42 inches in height.
(5)
The requirements of this article shall also apply to the creation
or expansion of any new parking lot or addition of loading or queuing
lanes, regardless of if there are changes in the structure or use.
(e)
Accessory uses. Accessory uses shall be exempt from the requirements of this article unless specifically required in Article IX, Parking, Access, and Mobility Standards. Outdoor dining shall be exempt from the requirements of this article unless it is considered an expansion of the principal building per § 25-45(o)(12) and is not eligible for exemptions listed in subsections (b) and (d) above.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
The following standards shall apply to all vehicular use areas
regulated by this article unless specifically noted.
(a)
Access and maneuverability.
(1)
Vehicular use areas shall be designed with appropriate means
of vehicular access to a street or alley in such manner as will interfere
least with the movement of traffic. Except for vehicular use areas
for single-family residential uses, adequate maneuvering area shall
be provided for vehicles to turn around where only one entry or exit
is provided in order that no backing of vehicles into the street or
alley is required.
(2)
No driveway, as measured at the right-of-way line, in any district shall exceed 35 feet in width, and the location of such driveway or curb cut shall be subject to the approval of the Director of Public Services on the basis of providing the minimum traffic interference. A driveway serving a single-family residential property shall have a minimum width of 10 feet and a maximum width of 20 feet. See Chapter 20, Article V, of the City of Kirkwood Municipal Code of Ordinances for additional requirements.
(3)
Where this article specifies aisle or driveway widths, the Director
of Public Services shall have the authority to require additional
aisle or driveway width and turning radii to accommodate emergency
vehicles, large vehicles, equipment, vehicles with trailers, or when
the aisle serves as a principal means of access and/or circulation
within the site, including access to parking spaces, loading spaces,
drive-through queuing facilities, or trash storage facilities.
(b)
Location.
(1)
Except as otherwise expressly provided in Article V, Accessory Uses and Structures, all required off-street parking, loading, and vehicle waiting spaces shall be located on the same lot as the principal use.
(2)
All vehicular use areas, other than the permitted drive entrances,
shall be located a minimum of 10 feet from any street right-of-way
line.
(3)
Single-family residential districts, single-family dwellings,
and two-family dwellings.
(i)
For lots that contain a single-family dwelling or two-family
dwelling, or in any single-family residential district, no parking
space or portion thereof shall be located within the required front
yard except as provided in § 25-64(b)(3)(ii), below. Parking areas are permitted behind the front building line.
(ii)
Single-family and two-family residential driveways shall meet
the following requirements:
a.
Driveways leading to a side/rear entry attached garage or a
detached garage shall have a minimum width of 10 feet and a maximum
width of 13 feet for the portion of driveway located in the required
front yard.
b.
The maximum width of a circle drive in the required front yard
is 13 feet. Turnaround areas allowed in this Code shall be prohibited
where a circle drive is utilized.
c.
The maximum width of a driveway beyond the property line leading
to a front entry garage without side or rear yard parking is seven
feet multiplied by the number of passenger vehicle spaces in the garage
or carport plus an additional six feet. For purposes of this measurement
the following shall apply:
|
Table 64-1
Driveway Measurements
| |
|---|---|
|
Number of Passenger Vehicle Spaces
|
Garage Opening Width
(feet)
|
|
1
|
Less than 14
|
|
2
|
Greater than or equal to 14 and less than 21
|
|
3
|
Greater than or equal to 21 and less than 28
|
d.
Transition tapers to driveway widths greater than 20 feet shall
have a minimum 1:1 length to width ratio.
e.
A single-family or two-family residential lot with less than
100 feet of frontage is permitted a maximum of one curb cut per street
frontage. A single-family or two-family residential lot with frontage
equal to or greater than 100 feet of frontage is permitted a maximum
of two curb cuts on said street frontage. The total maximum number
of curb cuts for any residential lot with multiple frontages shall
be three.
(iii)
For single-family and two-family dwellings, lots
on any of the following streets may include one nine-foot by nine-foot
driveway turnaround in the front yard except for lots that have a
circle drive:
(iv)
Turnaround areas may be built in the rear yard of any lot.
(c)
Fire code. All vehicular use areas shall conform to all requirements
set forth in the applicable fire code as adopted by the City of Kirkwood.
(d)
Accessibility. All vehicular use areas shall be designed and improved
in compliance with this article and applicable building codes to ensure
compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act.
(e)
Landscaping and screening. Vehicular use areas shall comply with all applicable landscaping and screening requirements as established in Article VIII, Landscaping and Buffering Standards.
(g)
Stormwater.
(1)
Adequate stormwater drainage facilities shall be installed in
order to ensure that stormwater will not collect upon vehicular use
areas and remain there, unless specifically approved by the Metropolitan
Sewer District, and to ensure that stormwater will not flow onto abutting
property or abutting sidewalks.
(h)
Use of vehicular use areas.
(1)
Off-street vehicular use areas required by this section shall
be used solely for the parking, loading or unloading, or queuing area
for motor vehicles in operating condition of patrons, occupants or
employees of such uses.
(2)
No motor vehicle repair work or service of any kind, except
emergency repairs, shall be permitted in or in association with any
off-street vehicular use area, except that off-street vehicular use
areas for residential uses may be used for occasional auto washing
or minor repairs of vehicles owned by the occupant.
(3)
Off-street parking areas shall not be used for the storage or
display of vehicles, trailers, boats, etc., for sale unless such display
is in conjunction with a business establishment whose principal business
is in the sale or lease of vehicles, trailers, or boats or if the
vehicle being sold is the personal vehicle of the lot owner.
(4)
The use of any off-street parking space, waiting space, or loading/unloading
space for storage of wrecked, junked and/or inoperable vehicles shall
be prohibited unless approved as part of a motor vehicle repair shop
in accordance with this Code.
(i)
Grading and surface.
(1)
All vehicular use areas shall be graded, drained, and provided
with adequate drainage facilities so that adjacent properties and
rights-of-way, including public sidewalks, shall not be subject to
flooding by runoff water from the proposed parking area.
(2)
All off-street vehicular use areas, except for off-street loading
spaces, shall be graded and provided with a hard surface of asphaltic,
bituminous cement, concrete, or other properly bound pavement, as
approved by the Director of Public Services, so as to provide a durable
and dustless surface, including private parking areas on residential
lots. Areas surfaced with gravel, stone, dirt, lawn, landscaping,
or other surface not expressly permitted by this Code shall not be
used for off-street vehicular use areas.
(4)
Porous pavement may be permitted for use only for off-street
parking spaces (not related drive aisles) in nonresidential districts
and only if used to meet requirements of the St. Louis Metropolitan
Sewer District (MSD) and provided that the MSD has approved a maintenance
agreement.
(6)
The owner shall, at his/her own expense, maintain the surface
of the vehicular use areas in a smooth and dust-free condition and
repair any disintegration of the surface by patching or sealing when
such disintegration takes place.
(j)
Curbs.
(1)
All off-street parking lots shall be designed with six-inch
high and eighteen-inch wide concrete curbs in accordance with City
of Kirkwood Engineering Department Standards.
(2)
Curbs shall be located at the perimeter of all parking lots,
including any interior islands, such as landscape islands.
(3)
The above required curbs may be waived as part of the site plan
review process under the following conditions:
(4)
Where curbs are not provided, wheel stops shall be utilized
to protect pedestrian areas, buildings, structures, or landscaping
when located adjacent to vehicular use areas. Such wheel stops shall
be placed to allow for two feet of vehicle overhang area within the
dimension of the parking space.
(5)
Where curbs are provided, the applicant may incorporate cuts
or breaks in the curbing to allow for stormwater drainage, provided
that such cuts or breaks are shown in the site plan and stormwater
plans.
 Figure 64-A
Example of Break in Continuous Curb to Provide for Stormwater
Flow
|
(k)
Striping and marking.
(1)
Any vehicular use area not servicing a single-family residential
use shall indicate the location of each space, the location of spaces
for persons with disabilities, and the location and direction or movement
along the aisles and access drives providing access thereto by painting
upon the surface, by raised directional signs, or by markers or other
similar measures placed in the surface.
(2)
All parking spaces shall be properly marked by durable paint
in stripes a minimum of four inches wide and extending the length
of the parking space.
(l)
Special parking regulations for residential zoning districts.
(1)
(2)
Permitted vehicles.
(i)
The following vehicles shall be parked behind the front line
of the existing dwelling and screened from view from any right-of-way
and from adjacent properties:
a.
Vehicles that have dual rear wheels;
b.
Vehicles that exceed seven feet six inches in height above grade.
c.
All trailers not prohibited in § 25-64(l)(1), above.
(ii)
Screening may consist of an evergreen hedge that provides continuous
screening from adjacent properties or by solid fencing with a maximum
height permitted in the applicable zoning district.
(m)
Calculation of spaces. When there is a determination in this article
related to the number of required parking or loading spaces that results
in a requirement of a fractional space, any fraction up to and including
1/2 shall be disregarded, and fractions over 1/2 shall be interpreted
as one parking space. Such determination shall also apply to the determination
of the number of required bicycle racks.
(n)
Maintenance.
(1)
All vehicular use areas, sidewalks, and paved trails shall be
maintained in a manner to keep it as free as practicable from rubbish,
paper and other loose particles, and snow and ice shall be promptly
removed by the applicable responsible party.
(2)
Any walls, trees and shrubbery, as well as surfacing of vehicular
use areas, shall be maintained in good condition throughout its use.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
(a)
Rules for computation.
(1)
On-street parking. On-street parking spaces shall not be counted
toward off-street parking space requirements except as may otherwise
be provided for in this Code.
(2)
Driveway space meeting parking requirements. Entrances, exits,
driveways, or queuing lanes shall not be computed as any part of a
required parking lot or area.
(3)
Multiple uses. Where a building or group of buildings on the same lot contains two or more uses, the parking areas shall include a number of spaces that equals the combined total of parking spaces required for each individual use, except as otherwise allowed in § 25-65(e).
(4)
Area measurements. All square footage-based parking standards
shall be computed on the basis of gross floor area of all floors in
the building. Up to 15% of the gross floor area may be excluded from
the above calculation if the area is used for storage accessory to
the principal use, restrooms, utilities or other maintenance areas,
loading and unloading docks, and other areas incidental to the principal
use.
(5)
Capacity-based standards.
(i)
For the purpose of computing parking requirements based on employees,
students, residents, or occupants, calculations shall be based on
the typical, or average, number of persons working on a single shift,
the typical, or average, enrollment, or the maximum fire-rated capacity,
whichever is lesser.
(ii)
In hospitals, bassinets shall not be counted as beds.
(iii)
In the case of benches, pews, and similar seating
accommodations that do not have individual seats, each 24 inches of
length of seating shall be counted as one seat for the purpose of
determining the parking requirements.
(6)
Unlisted uses.
(i)
Upon receiving an application for a use not specifically listed in the parking schedule in § 25-65(b), the Director of Public Services shall apply the parking standard specified for the listed use that the Director of Public Services deems most similar to the proposed use in regards to use, size and intensity of use.
(ii)
If the Director of Public Services determines that there is
no listed use similar to the proposed use, intensity, or size, the
Director of Public Services may refer to the estimates of parking
demand based on recommendations of the American Planning Association
(APA), the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and/or the Institute of Traffic
Engineers (ITE).
(b)
Number
of spaces required.
(1)
This section defines the number of parking spaces required for
each use within the City.
(2)
For all uses except single-family and two-family dwellings,
the number of parking spaces required in Table 65-1 may be modified according to the following provisions:
(i)
An application shall include the number of spaces required in Table 65-1 or up to 5% less without needing
an administrative waiver or variance approval.
(ii)
Applications for administrative waivers or variances shall be
from the total number of spaces required in Table 65-1 and shall not include the 5% reduction or shared
parking spaces.
(iii)
Additional reductions shall be permitted if the applicant provides off-site parking spaces (See Article V, Accessory Uses and Structures.), shared parking spaces, or deferred construction parking spaces as provided for in § 25-65(e)(2).
(3)
Table 65-1 establishes parking
requirements for lots within and outside the Downtown Master Plan
Study Area. Where there is only a single parking ratio established,
such ratio shall apply to all lots in the City.
[Ord. No. 10739, 12-2-2021; Ord.
No. 10778, 11-3-2022; Ord. No. 10788, 2-16-2023]
|
Table 65-1
Number of Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Use
|
Parking Space Requirements
| |
|
Within Downtown Master Plan Study Area
(number of spaces)
|
Outside of Downtown Master Plan Study Area
(number of spaces)
| |
|
Agricultural Uses
| ||
|
Agricultural use
|
No parking spaces are required.
| |
|
Community garden
|
1 for every 4 garden plots; adjacent, on-street parking may
be counted towards this requirement.
| |
|
Livestock facility, private
|
No parking spaces are required.
| |
|
Residential Uses
| ||
|
Continuing-care retirement facility
|
For independent living units, 1.5 per dwelling unit. For other
care facilities and dwelling types, 1 per 2 beds at maximum capacity
| |
|
Domiciliary home
|
1 per 2 beds at maximum capacity
| |
|
Dwelling, multifamily
|
1.5 per dwelling unit
|
2 spaces per dwelling unit
|
|
Dwelling, row
| ||
|
Dwelling, single-family
|
2 per dwelling unit except for lots with a width of 50 feet
or less, then 1 per dwelling unit
| |
|
Dwelling, two-family
|
1.5 per dwelling unit
|
2 per dwelling unit
|
|
Group home
|
1 per 2 beds at maximum capacity
| |
|
Nursing home
|
1 per 2 beds at maximum capacity
| |
|
Residential treatment facility
|
1 per 2 beds at maximum capacity
| |
|
Residential use, upper floor
|
1.5 per dwelling unit
|
2 per dwelling unit
|
|
Short-term rental
|
2 for owner plus 1 for each guest room
| |
|
Public, Institutional, and Recreational Uses
| ||
|
Wireless communications infrastructure
|
2 per tower
| |
|
Bus passenger terminals
|
1 per 100 square feet of lobby area
| |
|
Cemetery
|
1 per 4 seats in a chapel or place of assembly at maximum capacity
| |
|
Country club
|
1 per 5 customers at maximum building capacity, plus 1 per 2
employees
| |
|
Housing for religious personnel
|
1 per 4 beds at maximum capacity
| |
|
Educational institution (higher education)
|
See § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Educational institution (preschool, kindergarten, and elementary
school)
|
1 space for every classroom plus 1 space for every employee. Alternatively, a parking demand study may be submitted for review to establish a supplemental parking rate per § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Educational institution (middle school)
|
1 space for every 4 seats in the largest auditorium, stadium, assembly room, OR 2 spaces for every classroom PLUS 1 space for every employee; whichever is greater. Alternatively, a parking demand study may be submitted for review to establish a supplemental parking rate per § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Educational institution (high school)
|
1 space for every 4 seats in the largest auditorium, stadium,
assembly room, OR 6 spaces per classroom; whichever is greater. Alternatively,
a parking demand study may be submitted for review by the Planning
& Zoning Commission and City Council to establish a supplemental
parking rate.
| |
|
Funeral home service
|
6 for each parlor plus 1 for each fleet vehicle or 1 for each
50 square feet of floor area in assembly rooms used for services,
whichever is greater
| |
|
Fraternal organization or club
|
1 per 4 fixed seats or 1 per 2 persons based on the occupant
load limit, whichever is greater
| |
|
Golf course
|
4 per green plus 1 for each driving range tee
| |
|
Government facility
|
See § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Hospital
|
1 for every 2 patient beds plus 4 per 1,000 square feet of outpatient
clinics, laboratories, pharmacies and other similar uses
| |
|
Museum
|
1 for each 4 persons at maximum building capacity
| |
|
Outdoor recreation, public
|
See § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Park or playground (publicly owned)
|
See § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Place of worship
|
1 per 4 fixed seats in the main assembly room or 1 per 4 persons
at maximum capacity, whichever is greater
| |
|
Place of worship, administrative offices
|
1 per 400 square feet
|
1 per 300 square feet
|
|
Recreational development
|
For indoor facilities, 1 for each 3 persons at maximum building capacity. For any outdoor facility, see § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Rescue facility, private
|
1 per 300 square feet
|
1 per 200 square feet
|
|
Theater or art exhibition space, indoor
|
1 for each 4 persons at maximum building capacity
| |
|
Commercial, Office, and Mixed Uses
| ||
|
Amusement facility, indoor
|
See § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Amusement facility, outdoor
|
See § 25-65(c).
| |
|
Animal facility, major
|
1 per 300 square feet
| |
|
Animal facility, minor
|
1 per 300 square feet
| |
|
Catering establishment
|
1 per 350 square feet
| |
|
Craft brewery, winery, or distillery
|
1 per 500 square feet of manufacturing space plus 1 per 100
square feet of floor area of tap rooms or other areas where patrons
are served drinks manufactured on-site
| |
|
Day-care center, adult
|
1 for every 2 adults based on maximum capacity
| |
|
Day-care center, child
|
0.5 per employee
|
1 per employee plus 1 per classroom
|
|
Financial institution
|
1 per 300 square feet
| |
|
Gas/fuel station
|
1 per 300 square feet of indoor floor area plus 1 per service
bay (service bay may not be counted as a parking space). Each double
fuel pump station can count as 1 parking space toward this requirement.
| |
|
Greenhouse, commercial
|
1 per 500 square feet of floor area
| |
|
Hotel
|
0.5 per room
|
1 per room
|
|
Liquor store
|
1 per 350 square feet
|
1 per 250 square feet
|
|
Marijuana facility or medical marijuana facility
|
1 per 400 square feet
| |
|
Medical or dental facility
|
1 per 300 square feet
|
1 per 200 square feet
|
|
Motor vehicle repair shop, major
|
1 per 300 square feet of indoor floor area (service bay may
not be counted as a parking space).
| |
|
Motor vehicle repair shop, major
|
1 per 300 square feet of indoor floor area (service bay may
not be counted as a parking space).
| |
|
Motor vehicle repair shop, minor (private)
|
2 per service bay/lift plus 1 per employee on the maximum shift
| |
|
Office, general
|
1 per 400 square feet
|
1 per 300 square feet
|
|
Parking lot or structure
|
None required
| |
|
Personal and commercial service
|
1 per 350 square feet
|
1 per 250 square feet of floor area, or 2 per station/chair,
whichever is greater
|
|
Restaurant
|
1 per 100 square feet of floor area
| |
|
Retail business
|
1 per 350 square feet
|
1 per 250 square feet
|
|
Tattoo studio
|
2 per chair or station
| |
|
Tobacco or vapor product store
|
1 per 350 square feet
|
1 per 250 square feet
|
|
Vehicle sale and rental
|
1 per 200 square feet of indoor floor area
| |
|
Vehicle wash
|
1 per washing bay (washing bay may not be counted as a parking
space)
| |
|
Industrial Uses
| ||
|
Central mixing plant
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Dry-cleaning plant
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Light manufacturing
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Research and development organization
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Self-storage facility
|
1 per 200 square feet of indoor office space
| |
|
Storage or warehousing firm, indoor
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Truck freight terminal
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Utility substation
|
4
| |
|
Wholesale business
|
See Table 65-2.
| |
|
Table 65-2
Required Parking Spaces for Industrial Uses
| |
|---|---|
|
The total number of required spaces is cumulative based on the
variety of different functions present in a single use as established
below.
| |
|
Use
|
Number of Spaces
|
|
Office or administrative area
|
1 per 300 square feet of floor area
|
|
Indoor sales area and displays of goods manufactured on site
|
1 per 300 square feet of indoor floor area
|
|
Indoor areas used for storage, warehousing, assembly, vehicular
service, or general manufacturing activities
| |
|
1 to 3,000 square feet of floor area
|
1 per 300 square feet of floor area
|
|
3,001 to 5,000 square feet of floor area
|
1 per 500 square feet of floor area
|
|
5,001 to 10,000 square feet of floor area
|
1 per 750 square feet of floor area
|
|
10,001 or more square feet of floor area
|
1 per 1,250 square feet of floor area
|
|
Outdoor storage area (3,000 square feet or less)
|
1 per 1,500 square feet of outdoor space
|
|
Outdoor storage area (more than 3,000 square feet)
|
1 per 2,500 square feet of outdoor space
|
(c)
Uses with variable parking demand characteristics. Uses that reference
this subsection in Table 65-1 have
widely varying parking demand characteristics, making it difficult
to establish a single off-street parking standard. Applicants that
propose a use subject to this subsection shall submit information
with their application on the size of building, potential employment,
proposed seating, applicable fire capacity information and similar
information along with justification on how the proposed number and
design of parking spaces is sufficient for the proposed use. The Director
of Public Services shall have the authority to review the proposed
number of parking spaces based on the information submitted by the
applicant and any estimates of parking demand based on recommendations
of the American Planning Association (APA), the Urban Land Institute
(ULI) and/or the Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE). The Director
of Public Services shall review such information and make a recommendation
to the Planning and Zoning Commission on the proposed number of parking
spaces when the application is subject to review by any review board
or shall make a decision on the proposed number of parking spaces
when the application is administratively approved by the Director
of Public Services.
(d)
Parking for persons with disabilities.
(1)
Parking spaces designated for persons with disabilities shall
be located on the shortest possible accessible circulation route to
an accessible entrance to the building. In separate parking structures
or lots that do not serve a particular building, parking spaces for
disabled persons shall be located on the shortest possible pedestrian
route to an accessible pedestrian entrance of the parking facility.
(2)
The minimum required number of accessible parking spaces established
in Table 65-3 shall be included as
parking spaces satisfying the number of required parking spaces in Table 65-1 and Table 65-2.
|
Table 65-3
Required Minimum Number of Accessible Spaces
| |
|---|---|
|
Total Parking Spaces in Lot
|
Required Number of Accessible Spaces
|
|
1 to 25
|
1
|
|
26 to 50
|
2
|
|
51 to 75
|
3
|
|
76 to 100
|
4
|
|
101 to 150
|
5
|
|
151 to 200
|
6
|
|
201 to 300
|
7
|
|
301 to 400
|
8
|
|
401 to 500
|
9
|
|
501 to 1,000
|
2% of total
|
|
1,001 and more
|
20, plus 1 for each 100 parking spaces over 1,000 parking spaces
|
(3)
In no case shall the number of accessible spaces be reduced
below any requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act or state
law.
(4)
One space in every four required accessible spaces shall be
lift van accessible, but in no case shall there be fewer than one
lift van accessible space.
(5)
Accessible parking spaces shall be not less than nine feet wide
by 19 feet long with a minimum five-foot access aisle adjacent to
each space. Lift van accessible spaces shall have an access aisle
that is a minimum of eight feet wide. Universal parking spaces 12
feet wide with an adjacent five-foot-wide access aisle may be used
to satisfy the requirement for accessible parking, including lift
van accessible parking spaces. The access aisle space may be shared
between two accessible spaces.
(6)
The universal symbol of accessibility shall be painted on the surface of the parking space. Accessible parking spaces shall be designated as reserved by a blue sign showing the universal symbol of accessibility in white mounted 60 inches above the finished grade of the parking space. The sign shall include the required fine in accordance with, Chapter 14, Article VI, of the City of Kirkwood Municipal Code. All van accessible spaces shall be marked with an additional sign stating "Lift Van Accessible Only" mounted directly below the accessible parking sign.
(e)
Alternative parking solutions. The total number of parking spaces required in § 25-65 may be reduced by utilizing one of the following alternative parking solutions.
(1)
Off-site parking. Off-site parking for certain uses may be as authorized as an accessory use in Article V, Accessory Uses and Structures.
(2)
Deferred construction of required spaces in the Industrial District.
If the number of parking spaces required in Table 65-1 or Table 65-2 is
substantially larger than the number anticipated by the applicant
and the applicant provides sufficient evidence that supports the reduced
parking needs, an application may be approved with an allowance for
the construction of a lesser number of parking spaces, provided that:
 Figure 65-A
The parking lot shown on the left is a traditional parking
lot with interior parking islands, while the parking lot on the right
illustrates where an area is unimproved but is designated for future
parking spaces if the demand arises.
|
(i)
The parking plan submitted with the application shall denote
the location and layout of that portion of the parking area that currently
is deemed not required. The plan shall indicate that the deferred
parking spaces will be constructed according to these regulations
in the event that the Director of Public Services determines at any
time that all or any portion of this parking is necessary.
(ii)
The applicant shall be required to provide a plan or drawings
that shows the site is designed for full compliance with the applicable
stormwater regulations, lighting regulations, and landscaping regulations
as if the entire parking area were to be constructed even though a
portion of the parking area may not be constructed initially.
(iii)
At no time shall any portion of the required
parking area that is so designated for future vehicular use area construction
be used for the construction of any other structure or paved surface
unless in compliance with the original plans identified above. Such
construction of the deferred vehicular use area shall require a site
plan approval with associated performance guarantee required.
(iv)
At no time shall any portion of the required parking that is
so designated for future construction as provided herein be counted
as open space or other nonpaved areas required by other provisions
of this Code.
(v)
The owner of record shall be required to begin construction
of the approved deferred parking area(s), as identified on the approved
parking plan, within six months' of written notice from the Director
of Public Services identifying that such parking is determined to
be necessary. Such determination may be made:
(vi)
No more than 50% of the required off-street parking spaces required
by Table 65-1 or Table 65-2 may be deferred in accordance
with this section.
(vii)
Construction of the deferred parking area must
be completed within one year of the written notice identified in § 25-65(e)(2)(v) above. Failure to construct
the remaining parking area within the applicable time frame shall
be considered a violation of this Code.
(3)
Shared parking facilities. Off-street parking facilities for
different buildings, structures or uses, or for mixed uses, may be
provided collectively in any zoning district in which separate off-street
parking facilities for each building, structure, or use would be permitted,
provided that the total number of spaces so located together shall
not be less than the sum of the separate requirements for each use
and as provided below.
(i)
Not more than 50% of the parking spaces required for theaters
and amusement facilities, and up to 100% of the parking spaces required
for a place of worship may be provided by and used jointly with the
following; provided, however, that written agreement assuring the
retention for such purpose shall be properly drawn and executed by
the parties concerned, approved as to form and execution by the City
Attorney, and filed with the application for a building permit.
(ii)
In addition to the shared parking opportunities mentioned above,
developments that propose shared parking between multiple uses are
permitted to utilize Table 65-4 to
calculate a reduced parking requirement. Table 65-4 acknowledges that the demand for parking for certain
uses varies based on time of day and day of week. Said reduction is
meant to encourage shared efficiencies of complementary uses and to
discourage the overdevelopment of surface parking.
(iii)
Table 65-4 illustrates
the calculation table for determining the required number of parking
spaces under a shared parking allowance. The following are the definitions
of symbols and related calculations.
a.
The [A] symbol shall be the input of the number of required
parking spaces based on the uses that will utilize the shared parking
as determined by using Table 65-4.
b.
The [B] symbol is the calculation of applying the applicable
ratio against the required number of parking spaces in [A].
c.
The [C] symbol is the sum of parking spaces required based on
the column above said symbol.
(iv)
The minimum number of parking spaces required for a shared parking
facility shall be the largest number resulting in the [C] calculation
row.
|
Table 65-4
Shared Parking
| |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Use Utilizing Shared Parking
|
Required Parking Spaces
|
Monday through Friday 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
|
Monday through Friday 6:00 p.m. to 12:00 Midnight
|
Monday through Friday 12:00 Midnight to 8:00 a.m.
|
Saturday through Sunday 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
|
Saturday through Sunday 6:00 p.m. to 12:00 Midnight
|
Saturday through Sunday 12:00 Midnight to 8:00 a.m.
| ||||||
|
Residential uses
|
[A]
|
60%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
80%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
|
Hotels
|
[A]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
|
Commercial
| |||||||||||||
|
Food service
|
[A]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
10%
|
[B]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
20%
|
[B]
|
|
Office or industrial uses
|
[A]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
20%
|
[B]
|
5%
|
[B]
|
5%
|
[B]
|
5%
|
[B]
|
5%
|
[B]
|
|
All other uses
|
[A]
|
90%
|
[B]
|
80%
|
[B]
|
5%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
5%
|
[B]
|
|
Recreation and assembly uses
|
[A]
|
60%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
80%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
|
All other uses
|
[A]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
70%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
100%
|
[B]
|
|
Total required spaces
|
[C]
|
[C]
|
[C]
|
[C]
|
[C]
|
[C]
| |||||||
(v)
For the purposes of Table 65-4, the following is a clarification on the uses:
a.
Residential uses shall include any residential use permitted
in Table 35-1 with more than 12 dwelling
units or beds.
b.
Food service shall include restaurants and craft breweries,
wineries, and distilleries.
c.
The classification of "all other uses" under the commercial
category or as applicable to the entire table shall be as determined
by the Director of Public Services, based on whether parking for the
proposed use would be compatible to a shared parking facility.
d.
Recreation and assembly uses shall include amusement facilities,
educational institutions with areas or structures for large assemblies
or recreation (e.g., auditoriums, stadiums, etc.), outdoor recreation,
recreational development, places of worship, theaters, and similar
uses with areas that can accommodate large numbers of people in assembly
during limited hours.
(f)
Design of off-street parking areas. Off-street parking areas shall
be designed and constructed in accordance with the following requirements:
(1)
The dimension of single-family parking spaces shall be nine
feet by 19 feet. The locational requirements for the parking spaces
are established in § 25-64(b)(3) and are not subject to the design requirements of this subsection.
(2)
Access to parking. Access to parking areas shall be provided
as follows for all parking areas other than those for single-family
and two-family dwelling units:
(3)
Parking space dimensions.
(i)
Each parking space shall have direct and unrestricted access
to an aisle of the minimum width set out in Table 65-5 and illustrated in Figure 65-B.
|
Table 65-5
Parking Stall and Aisle Dimensions
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Dimension
|
A = Parking Angle/Type
| ||
|
45°
|
60°
|
90°
| |
|
B = Stall width (in feet)
|
9.0
|
9.0
|
9.0
|
|
C = Vehicle projection (in feet)
|
19.7
|
21.0
|
19.0
|
|
D = Aisle width (in feet)
|
12.5
|
17.5
|
22.0
|
|
E = Curb length per stall (in feet)
|
12.7
|
10.5
|
9.0
|
|
F = Width of bay (in feet)
|
51.9
|
59.5
|
60.0
|
|
G = Width of bay, double (in feet)
|
45.6
|
55.0
|
60.0
|
|
H = Width of double stalls (in feet)
|
33.1
|
37.5
|
38.0
|
 Figure 65-B
Illustration of Parking Angles and Related Dimensional
References
|
(ii)
The Director of Public Services or the City Council, after recommendation
from the Planning and Zoning Commission, may authorize a reduction
in the stall depth where the parking stall fronts along a curbed perimeter
and where there is sufficient clearance between the curb and vehicle
overhang that will not result in an obstruction to pedestrians on
adjacent sidewalk or required landscaping. Table 65-6 identifies the reduction that may be applied.
|
Table 65-6
Parking Stall Reductions and Overhang
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Parking Stall Angle
|
Allowable Reduction in Stall Depth
|
Minimum Overhang Clearance
|
|
45°
|
1 foot 6 inches
|
2 feet 6 inches
|
|
60°
|
1 foot 9 inches
|
2 feet 9 inches
|
|
90°
|
2 feet 0 inches
|
3 feet 0 inches
|
(iii)
Parallel parking spaces shall have a minimum
width of nine feet and a minimum length of 22 feet adjacent to an
aisle a minimum of 12.5 feet wide.
(iv)
A minimum aisle width of 22 feet shall be provided for all two-way
traffic aisles. One-way traffic aisles shall provide a minimum width
in accordance with Table 65-5 except
for aisles or lanes designated by the Fire Department for access that
shall be a minimum of 20 feet wide.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
(a)
Drive-through facilities and other establishments which, by their
nature, create lines of customers waiting to be served within vehicles,
shall provide off-street queuing lanes on the same lot as the use
in addition to the required number of parking and loading spaces established
in this article. Said facilities shall not conflict with the required
parking spaces or aisles.
(b)
Table 66-1 establishes the required size and location of queuing
lanes.
|
Table 66-1
Queuing Space Requirements
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Activity
|
Minimum Size of Queuing Lane
(per lane)
|
Measured From:
|
|
Financial institutions, including any full-service teller lane
or automated teller machine (ATM)
|
9 feet by 60 feet
|
ATM machine or teller window
|
|
Restaurant
|
9 feet by 160 feet
|
First service window
|
|
Car wash
|
9 feet by 60 feet
|
Entry of washing bay
|
|
Other uses
|
As determined by the Director of Public Services
| |
(c)
When queuing lanes are separated from other queuing lanes, bypass
lanes, or from other site areas, the separation shall be by means
of a raised concrete median, concrete curb, landscaping, or painted
striping.
(d)
If two or more queuing lanes converge into one lane (e.g., two separate
lanes to order at a restaurant converge to one lane), the length of
the merged lane can count for both of the queuing lanes.
(e)
Vehicles shall not queue within the public right-of-way for service
at such drive-in or drive-through facilities.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
(a)
The requirements of this section shall apply to the establishment
of all new uses and structures approved through a site plan or special
use permit procedure. Residential buildings with three or fewer dwelling
units shall be exempt from the requirements of this section.
(b)
Unless otherwise stated, each building and/or use must provide at
least one bicycle rack. Independently operated parking structures
and parking lots (as opposed to those providing parking dedicated
to nearby nonparking uses) must provide at least three bicycle racks.
|
Table 67-1
Required Number of Bicycle Racks
| |
|---|---|
|
Proposed Use
|
Number of Bicycle Racks Required
|
|
Multifamily dwellings or row dwelling
|
1 per 6 dwelling units
|
|
Retail businesses
|
1 per 2,500 square feet
|
|
Restaurants or grocery stores
|
1 per 1,500 square feet
|
|
General office and medical or dental facilities
|
1 per 5,000 square feet
|
|
Parking structures or lots (operating independently)
|
1 per 20 parking spaces provided
|
|
All other uses
|
1 per 20 required parking spaces
|
(c)
Rules for computing number of required bicycle racks. In computing
the number of bicycle racks required, the following rules shall govern:
(1)
In the case of mixed uses, the required number of bicycle racks
shall equal the sum of the requirements of the various uses computed
separately.
(2)
Whenever a building or use constructed or established prior
to January 3, 2019, which requires a site plan review or special use
permit, is changed or enlarged in a way that requires additional vehicle
parking, bicycle parking shall be provided on the basis of the enlargement
or change.
(d)
Bicycle rack location.
(2)
If bicycle racks are not visible from the abutting street or
the public building entrance, signs must be posted indicating their
location.
(3)
Bicycle racks located within a parking structure or parking
lot shall be clustered, clearly marked, and separated from motor vehicles
by a physical barrier.
(4)
Bicycle racks located within parking structures must be located
on the ground level or level closest to the primary pedestrian entrance.
Bicycle racks may also be located in a secured room or cage.
(e)
Bicycle rack design.
(1)
Inverted-U-type, A-type, and post-and-loop-type bicycle racks
are permitted. See Figure 67-A. Alternative, creative styles may be
approved by the Director of Public Services.
 Figure 67-A
Illustrations of Permitted Bicycle Racks that Include
Inverted U-Type (top left), A-Type (top right), and Post-and-Loop
Type (bottom)
|
(2)
Bicycle racks shall be made of solid construction, resistant
to rust, corrosion, hammers, and saws.
(3)
Each bicycle rack shall support a parked bicycle by the frame
in two places, allowing both the frame and one or both wheels to be
secured using a standard U-lock.
(4)
Each bicycle rack shall provide parking for two bicycles.
(5)
Each bicycle rack shall be anchored to an approved hard surface
(i.e., asphalt, concrete, pavers, or similar material). The hard surface
surrounding each bicycle rack shall measure at least six feet by six
feet in size.
(f)
Bicycle rack spacing.
(1)
Bicycle racks shall be located at least three feet in all directions
from any obstruction, including but not limited to other bicycle racks,
walls, doors, posts, columns, or landscaping.
(2)
If provided, aisles between rows of bicycle racks must be a
minimum of three feet wide, as measured from tip to tip of bike tires
across the space between racks.
 Figure 67-B
Illustrative Example of Bicycle Rack Spacing
|
(g)
Alternative compliance. The City Council may approve alternative
compliance from the provisions of this section, which may include,
but need not be limited to, a reduction or deviation in the number,
type, or location of the required bicycle racks, and may include a
waiver of the requirement. Considerations used in the determination
to grant or deny alternative compliance may include, but are not limited
to, existing site constraints, proximity to existing bicycle parking,
and the nature of the proposed building or use.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
Loading and unloading facilities shall be provided prior to
occupancy of every nonresidential building hereafter erected, altered,
or to be occupied by a new user, and shall be maintained as long as
such building is occupied or unless equivalent facilities are provided
in conformance with the regulations of this article.
(a)
Off-street loading spaces shall be a hard-surfaced area of land,
open or enclosed, other than a street or public way, used principally
for the standing, loading or unloading of motor trucks, tractors and
trailers so as to avoid undue interference with the public use of
streets and alleys. Loading spaces may overlap or conflict with required
parking spaces when in the opinion of the Director of Public Services,
the required loading space would not normally be used at the same
time as the parking.
(b)
In addition to the surfacing requirements of § 25-64(i), all off-street loading spaces shall be improved with a compacted rock base not less than eight inches thick and surfaced with asphaltic concrete not less than four inches thick or concrete not less than seven inches thick.
(c)
Loading spaces shall be set back a minimum 50 feet from any property
in a residential zoning district unless completely enclosed by building
walls, or a uniformly painted solid noncombustible fence or wall,
or any combination thereof not less than six feet in height. No permitted
or required loading space shall be located within 50 feet of the nearest
point of intersection of any two streets.
(d)
Off-street loading spaces shall be designed not to obstruct nor interfere
with the use of any street, alley or adjoining property. Off-street
loading spaces shall not be located on a public right-of-way and are
discouraged from being within a front yard.
(e)
The minimum size and number of off-street loading and unloading spaces
shall depend upon the size of the building to which they are appurtenant,
as established in Table 68-1.
|
Table 68-1
Minimum Number of Loading Spaces Required
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Gross Floor Area of Building
(square feet)
|
Size of Loading Space
(feet x feet)
|
Number of Spaces Required
|
|
0 to 7,999
|
None required
|
None required
|
|
8,000 to 15,999
|
10 x 25
|
1
|
|
16,000 to 23,999
|
12 x 40
|
1
|
|
24,000 to 60, 000
|
12 x 40
|
2
|
|
Each additional 50,000 over an initial 60,000 square feet
|
10 x 40
|
1
|
(f)
All loading spaces shall be located on the same lot as the use served,
in a manner that enables the orderly and safe movement of trucks.
(g)
The Director of Public Services may waive loading/unloading requirements
based on the character of the proposed use or the impracticality of
adding loading/unloading areas to existing buildings.
[Ord. No. 10702, 2-18-2021]
(a)
Public sidewalks and bike trails.
(1)
New sidewalks, trails, and bike paths as part of a subdivision.
(i)
In all new subdivisions, sidewalks shall be built along both
sides of streets within the new subdivision and on the subdivision
side of adjoining streets unless the applicant receives approval of
a subdivision modification.
(ii)
Sidewalks should be placed in the right-of-way with the edge
of the sidewalk parallel to the right-of-way, to the maximum extent
feasible.
(iii)
There shall be a minimum of one foot located
between the back of the sidewalk and the lot line to the maximum extent
feasible.
(iv)
Where the Kirkwood Pedestrian and Bicycle Plan identifies plans
for connectivity on a site that is being subdivided, the subdivision
shall incorporate improvements to implement the plan. The City Council,
after recommendation from the Planning and Zoning Commission, may
approve the designation of right-of-way, with no improved trail or
path, or waive this requirement if the proposed trail or path will
not extend an existing trail or path adjacent to the subdivision.
(v)
Sidewalks, trails, and bike paths required by this section shall be installed as part of the public improvement plans as established in § 25-27.
(vi)
Sidewalks, trails, and bike paths shall be constructed in accordance
with the standard specifications of the St. Louis County Department
of Transportation.
(vii)
Sidewalks, trails, and bike paths shall have
a minimum thickness of four inches, except at driveways they shall
be seven inches thick.
(viii)
Sidewalks, trails, and bike paths shall be constructed
on a two-inch thick stone base consisting of one-inch minus crushed
stone. Pavement shall consist of 6.25 sack (588 pounds) Type I/II
portland cement per cubic yard; and Class A Meramec sand. At the time
of placement, the slump shall be no more than four inches and the
entrained air shall be between 4% and 8%. No calcium chloride accelerating
admixture shall be added to the concrete. The minimum twenty-eight-day
compressive strength shall be 3,500 psi.
(ix)
The minimum width of a sidewalk shall be four feet in industrial
and residential areas. In commercial areas, the City Council, after
recommendation from the Planning and Zoning Commission, shall determine
the width of the sidewalk as deemed necessary.
(x)
The minimum width of trails and bike paths shall be as determined
by the City Council after recommendation from the Planning and Zoning
Commission.
(xi)
All sidewalks and trails shall be constructed to be accessible
according to the standards of the Americans with Disabilities Act.
(xii)
In considering the design of all bikes and trails,
the City may consider recommendations and best practices from the
National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO), the
American Society of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO),
the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and other similar organizations.
(xiii)
Sidewalk waivers.
a.
If a developer requests a waiver from the above sidewalk requirements,
the City Council, after recommendation from the Planning and Zoning
Commission, shall determine the feasibility of the sidewalk construction
considering, but not limited to, the following factors:
[1]
Interference with existing structures;
[2]
Existing site grades and roadway grade;
[3]
Planned structures;
[4]
Drainage patterns and controls;
[5]
Federal, state, and county regulations;
[6]
Preservation of significant site vegetation;
[7]
Preservation of natural features, such as large
trees, unusual rock formations, watercourses, historical significances,
and similar assets;
[8]
Conditions peculiar to a site; and
[9]
Public safety and convenience.
b.
If the City Council, after recommendation from the Planning
and Zoning Commission, determines sidewalks are not feasible, the
developer shall pay the subdivision sidewalk waiver fee or, in lieu
of the fee, the City Council may require enhanced features to the
subdivision that increase connectivity of approximate equal value.
(2)
New sidewalks not part of a subdivision.
(i)
New public sidewalks constructed to meet the construction standards
identified in § 25-69(a)(1), shall be required along the street frontage of any lot being developed
when the following conditions exist:
a.
The development includes new construction on a vacant lot, a
complete redevelopment of an existing principal building (e.g., the
principal building is torn down and replaced), or an existing building
is expanded by 100% of the existing floor area; and
b.
A public sidewalk exists in the public right-of-way on any lot
adjacent to the lot being developed or the Kirkwood Pedestrian and
Bicycle Plan includes recommendations for sidewalks on the proposed
site.
(ii)
The Director of Public Services may waive the sidewalk requirement
of this section in cases where there is not enough existing right-of-way
for the public sidewalk or the proposed sidewalk will not make a useful
connection that will further the goals of the Kirkwood Pedestrian
and Bicycle Plan.
(b)
Internal pedestrian access.
(1)
Where a sidewalk exists in a public right-of-way adjacent to
a proposed nonresidential use, or where a sidewalk is required to
be constructed as part of the applicable development approval, a paved
pedestrian connection shall be constructed from the sidewalk to the
entrance of the building.
(2)
The pedestrian connection shall have a minimum width of four
feet with a minimum of 30 inches of vehicle clearance on either side
of the sidewalk.
(3)
All pedestrian walkways located within a site (internal pedestrian
circulation) shall be physically separated from the drive lanes and
driveways. Additionally, all sidewalks and crosswalks shall be constructed
of an impervious surface and shall be visually distinct from the driving
surface by use of pavers, color, bricks, scored concrete, or other
material approved by the Director of Public Services. See Figure 69-A.
 Figure 69-A
This photograph illustrates how a sidewalk connecting
the public sidewalk to the business can be integrated into the required
landscaping.
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