It is the duty and obligation of all owners, occupants, and
users of real property abutting upon streets within the city, at their
own cost and expense, to keep and maintain the sidewalks (and paving
laid thereon) bordering their property level, at curb grade, and free
of depressions, excavations, elevations, inequalities, obstacles,
obstructions, or encroachments, natural or artificial, above or below
ground level, or which overlap, impinge upon, or appropriate any part
of the sidewalk area or the space up to eight feet above it; and to
allow no oils, greases, ice, snow or water to collect or remain thereon;
and, generally, in every manner, to keep such sidewalks in a safe
adequate, and indefective condition so that they are easily accessible
to and may be freely and safely used by the public for travel by foot.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
1)
Where and when, by reason of a violation of any of the foregoing
provisions, injury or damage is occasioned to or inflicted upon any
person, whether on the sidewalk or in the street, primary liability
for all such injury or damage shall rest upon the owner, occupant,
and user of the property abutting upon such defective sidewalk.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
2)
Wherever in the specifications hereinafter set out the following
terms are used, the intent and meaning shall be interpreted as follows:
The person, partnership, corporation or other entity which
undertakes or contracts to construct driveways, sidewalks, curbs and
gutters, and setbacks in city streets and alleys.
The city council of the City of Yorktown, Texas.
The city secretary of the City of Yorktown, Texas, or his
authorized representative.
The property owner, occupant, or user, individual or firm
having the work done by the contractor.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
3)
It shall be unlawful for any person, partnership or corporation
to construct, reconstruct or repair any sidewalk, setback, driveway,
curb, gutter or work incident thereto in the streets and alleys of
the city without first obtaining a permit for such work from city
hall, applications for which permits shall be made on forms furnished
by the city.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
4)
No permit issued under this division, or any construction to
be done thereunder, shall be assigned, transferred or sublet, but
the permittee shall remain in personal charge of all work done thereunder.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
5)
The manager or some city street or building official or engineer
designated by the manager shall furnish information establishing lines
and grades for the construction, reconstruction or repair of any improvement
covered by this division, after a permit has been granted for such
construction, and all such construction shall be in accord with such
lines and grades and subject to approval of the city manager or such
official designated by him. Stakes shall be set by or at the expense
of the contractor.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
6)
No materials shall be used in any construction mentioned in
this division until the same has been inspected and approved by the
city manager, and any such material which is not approved by the city
manager shall be removed from the streets and sidewalks at the expense
of the contractor. No concrete mixture shall be poured until forms
and excavations have been inspected and approved by the city council
or building official.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
7)
No more than one-third of the width of the street shall be occupied
by materials, equipment or tools, and barricades shall be placed around
such equipment so as to leave at least two-thirds of such street open
for traffic, which barricades and street obstructions shall be supplied
with lights at nighttime so that the same will serve as protection
to the public as a result of such obstruction in such streets.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
8)
Any contractor who violates any provision or requirement of this division as hereinbefore or hereinafter set out shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and may be punished by a fine in accordance with section 1.01.009 of this code, and any contractor who shall sublet or assign his contract or permit any other to have control of such work shall not receive any other or further permits to do any kind of construction work covered by this division, as the penalties for such violation.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
9)
Cement shall be Portland cement meeting the current standard
tests for commercial cement.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(a))
Water for concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amounts
of oil, acid, alkali, organic matter, or other deleterious substances.
In general, city water will be required.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(b))
(a)
Fine
aggregate shall be clean, sharp natural sand, graded from coarse to
fine within the following limits (using laboratory sieves with square
openings):
|
Sieve Size
|
Total Passing
(percentage by weight)
|
|---|---|
|
3/8 inch
|
100
|
|
No. 4
|
95 to 100
|
|
No. 16
|
45 to 80
|
|
No. 50
|
5 to 30
|
|
No. 100
|
0 to 8
|
|
No. 200
|
0 to 3
|
(b)
Not
more than two percent (2%) of clay or loam by volume shall show at
the end of one hour’s settlement of the water in which a sample
of the sand has been thoroughly washed. Sand shall contain not more
than one-half percent (1/2%) by weight of organic or other deleterious
matter.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(c))
Coarse aggregate shall consist of clean, hard, tough gravel
or broken stone, and shall contain not more than one-half percent
(1/2%) by weight of soft, friable, thin, elongated or laminated pieces
and alkali, organic or other deleterious matter. Material for coarse
aggregate shall be graded from coarse to fine within the following
limits (using laboratory sieves with square openings):
|
Sieve Size
|
Total Passing
(percentage by weight)
|
|---|---|
|
2 inch
|
100
|
|
1-1/2 inch
|
95 to 100
|
|
3/4 inch
|
35 to 70
|
|
3/8 inch
|
10 to 30
|
|
No. 4
|
0 to 5
|
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(d))
Pit-run materials may be used if they meet the requirements
of this division.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(e))
Materials shall be measured in accurate measuring boxes, buckets
or wheelbarrows, in such a manner that the quantities can be closely
controlled during the progress of the work. Shovel measurement will
not be permitted.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(f))
(a)
It
is the intent of this division to secure, for every part of the work,
concrete of homogeneous structure which, when hardened, will have
the required strength and resistance to weathering. To this end, the
strengths of concrete will be as follows:
(b)
These
strengths to be obtained in twenty-eight (28) days by tests on 6"
x 12" cylinders. The tests shall be made at the expense of the city
except that the contractor shall furnish the concrete.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(g))
In the event that the contractor furnishes reliable test records
of concrete made with materials from the same sources and of the same
quality and mixed in the same proportions in connection with current
work, all or a part of the strength tests specified herein may be
waived by the manager.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(h))
The concrete shall be of such consistency and composition that
it can be worked readily into the corners and angles of the forms
and around the reinforcement without permitting the materials to segregate
or free water to collect on the surface. The contractor shall adjust
the proportions of cement and aggregate as may be necessary to produce
a mixture which will be easily placeable at all times, due consideration
being given to the methods of placing and compacting used on the work.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(i))
The slump as measured by a standard slump cone shall in no case
exceed six (6) inches.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(j))
The mixing equipment shall be capable of combining the aggregates,
cement, and water within the specified time into a thoroughly mixed
and uniform mass, and of discharging the mixture without segregation.
(1)
Machine mixing.
The mixing of concrete shall be done
in a batch mixer of approved type which will insure a uniform distribution
of the material throughout the mass. The equipment at the mixing plant
shall be so constructed that all materials, including the water, entering
the drum can be accurately proportioned and be under control. The
entire batch shall be discharged before recharging. The volume of
the mixed material per batch shall not exceed the manufacturer’s
rated capacity of the mixer. The mixing period shall be not less than
one (1) minute and shall be measured from the time when all of the
solid materials are in the mixer drum, provided that all of the mixing
water shall be introduced before one-fourth of the mixing time has
elapsed.
(2)
Truck mixing.
Truck mixers shall be of the revolving
drum type, watertight, and so constructed that the concrete can be
mixed to insure a uniform distribution of materials throughout the
mass. Except as subsequently provided, the truck mixer shall be equipped
with a tank for carrying mixing water. Only the prescribed amount
of water shall be placed in the tank unless the tank is equipped with
a device by which the quantity of water added can be readily verified.
The mixing water may be added directly to the batch, in which case
a tank shall not be required. The maximum size of batch in truck mixers
shall be in accordance with the specified rating of the mixer.
(3)
Hand mixing.
Hand mixing of concrete will not be allowed.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(k))
The retempering of concrete or mortar which has partially hardened,
that is, mixing with or without additional cement, aggregate, or water,
will not be permitted.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(l))
(a)
All
concrete shall be protected so that the temperature at the surface
will not fall below 40° F, or that there will be no loss of moisture
from the surface for 24 hours after the concrete is poured.
(b)
Protection
against loss of moisture from the surface of the concrete shall be
accomplished by keeping the surface continuously wet for one (1) day.
This may be done by any one of the following methods:
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(m))
(a)
During
the progress of construction, the manager may have tests made to determine
whether the concrete as being produced complies with the standards
of quality specified. The contractor shall cooperate in the making
of such tests to the extent of allowing free access to the work for
the selection of samples and storage of specimens, and in affording
protection to the specimens against injury or loss through his operations.
(b)
Three
cylinders will generally be made for each class of concrete used in
any one day’s operation.
(c)
Samples
of concrete for test specimens shall be taken at the mixer, or, in
the case of ready-mixed concrete, from the transportation vehicle
during discharge. When, in the opinion of the manager, it is desirable
to take samples elsewhere, they shall be taken as directed by him.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(n))
Should the strengths shown by the test specimens fall below
the values required, the manager shall have the right to require changes
in proportions on future work or shall have the right to require the
removal and replacement of those sections which failed to develop
the required strength.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(o))
(a)
The
foundation shall consist of firm, hard soil from which all vegetable
matter and other loose material have been removed.
(b)
All
soft and spongy places must be dug out and the resulting holes filled
with solid materials, thoroughly tamped. Exceptionally hard, compacted
spots in the subgrade must be loosened and tamped to provide a uniform
bearing.
(c)
If,
in the opinion of the manager, the soil in the foundation is of such
a character that it will swell or shrink with changes in its moisture
content to such an extent that the concrete may be damaged, the soil
shall be excavated four (4) inches below the subgrade and refilled
with sand.
(d)
Material
for fills shall be placed and tamped in six (6) inch layers. The top
of all fills shall extend at least one (1) foot beyond the edges of
the walk or other structure, and the slopes of fills shall be at least
two (2) feet horizontal to one (1) foot vertical to prevent undue
erosion.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(p))
(a)
Forms
shall conform to the shape, lines, grids, and dimensions of the concrete
as called for. Lumber used in forms for exposed surfaces shall be
dressed to a uniform thickness, and shall be free from loose knots
or other defects. Joints in forms shall be horizontal or vertical
where appearance of the finished surface is of importance. For unexposed
surfaces and rough work, undressed lumber may be used. Lumber once
used in forms shall have nails withdrawn, and surfaces to be in contact
with concrete thoroughly cleansed before being used again.
(b)
Forms
shall be sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar. They shall
be properly braced or tied together so as to maintain the desired
position and shape during and after placing concrete.
(c)
The
inside of metal forms shall be coated with non-staining mineral oil
or other approved material, or in case of wood forms they shall be
thoroughly wetted.
(d)
The
removal of forms shall not be started until the concrete has attained
the strength necessary to support its own weight and any construction
live loads.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(q))
(a)
Before
beginning placement of concrete, hardened concrete and foreign materials
shall be removed from the inner surface of the mixing and conveying
equipment.
(b)
Water
shall be removed from the space to be occupied by the concrete before
concrete is deposited, unless otherwise directed by the manager. Any
flow of water into an excavation shall be diverted through proper
side drains to a sump, or be removed by other approved methods which
will avoid washing the freshly deposited concrete.
(c)
Concrete
shall be handled from the mixer, or, in the case of ready-mixed concrete,
from the transporting vehicle, to the place of final deposit as rapidly
as practicable by methods which shall prevent the separation or loss
of the ingredients. Under no circumstances shall concrete that has
partially hardened be deposited in the forms [and concrete shall be
deposited] as nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid
rehandling. It shall be deposited so as to maintain, until the completion
of the unit, a plastic surface approximately horizontal.
(d)
Concrete,
regardless of the type of transporting vehicle, shall have, when deposited
in the forms, the quality required.
(e)
Concrete,
during and immediately after depositing, shall be thoroughly spaded,
rodded and compacted.
(f)
Accumulation
of water on the surface of the concrete due to water gain, segregation,
or other causes, during placement and compacting, shall be prevented
as far as possible by adjustments in the mixture. Provision shall
be made for the removal of such water as may accumulate so that under
no circumstances will concrete be placed in such accumulations.
(g)
Concrete
shall be deposited continuously, or in layers of such thickness that
no concrete will be deposited on concrete which has hardened sufficiently
to cause the formation of seams and planes of weakness within the
section.
(h)
Before
depositing new concrete on or against concrete which has hardened,
the forms shall be retightened. The surface of the hardened concrete
shall be roughened as required by the manager, in a manner that will
not leave loosened particles of aggregate or damaged concrete at the
surface. It shall be thoroughly cleaned of foreign matter and laitance,
and saturated with water. To insure an excess of mortar at the juncture
of the hardened and the newly deposited concrete, the cleaned and
saturated surfaces, including vertical and inclined surfaces, shall
first be thoroughly covered with a coating of mortar or neat cement
ground against which the new concrete shall be placed before the ground
has attained its initial set.
(i)
Sidewalks,
driveways, setbacks, and all other flat work are to be of one-course
concrete construction.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(r))
(a)
Sidewalks
shall be of concrete and have a minimum thickness of four (4) inches.
In the residential portions of the city, sidewalks shall be four (4)
feet in width. In case greater widths are desired, special authorization
shall be secured from the engineer. In business districts, the walks
shall occupy the entire width from property line to curb. The walk
shall be sloped 1/4 inch in one foot above the curb.
(b)
An
entrance sidewalk for a residence in a residential area may vary from
the four and one-half (4-1/2) foot standard sidewalk width if the
requirements of the particular location are such as to warrant a narrower
or a wider walk; however, no entrance walk shall be less than three
(3) feet nor more than six (6) feet in width.
(c)
Sidewalks
on grades up to and including three (3) percent shall be given a smooth
float finish, and on grades over three (3) percent shall be given
a brush finish. Immediately after the concrete is placed it shall
be tamped and then struck off with a template. The surface shall then
be “floated” or “darbied” and dusted. This
dry dust, consisting of one part Portland cement to 1-1/2 parts sand,
must be sprinkled on the wet concrete not more than twenty (20) minutes
after the concrete is placed, and not more than ten (10) minutes after
the first coat of dust is applied the work is to be struck off with
a straight edge or darby and the second coat applied. As soon as the
concrete has become firm, it shall be floated with a wood float and
then be troweled with a steel trowel to a uniform, smooth surface.
Following this the walk shall be edged and grooved.
(d)
To
obtain a suitable brush finish, a fine-haired brush not less than
four (4) inches in width shall be used. The brush is to be swept lightly
on the surface of the concrete with a sweeping, circular motion. The
entire surface shall be brushed until a uniform appearance is obtained,
care being taken that the edger and jointer tool marks are not obliterated.
(e)
To
obtain a suitable smooth float finish, the concrete, as soon as it
has become firm, shall be floated with a wood float to a uniform smooth
surface. Following this the walk shall be edged and grooved. The walk
shall then be floated transversely or longitudinally, care being taken
that the edger and jointer tool marks are not obliterated.
(f)
That
portion of the sidewalk in the driveway shall be placed as driveway
but finished as sidewalk.
(g)
The
edger shall be of steel three (3) inches wide with a 1/4" radius and
shall be used on the edges against the forms, expansion joints and
old work, in order to give the work a finished appearance. The spacing
of the jointer marks shall not exceed five (5) feet and shall conform
to the jointer marks in the curb. The jointer shall leave a mark 3/16
of an inch in width and 3/8 of an inch in depth. The marks formed
by the edger and the jointer shall be on a true line. The marks left
by these tools on the flat surface of the walk shall be troweled out.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(s))
Sidewalk surfaces constructed of materials other than concrete
may be installed only on written approval of the engineer. Request
for such approval shall be made by the owner in writing with a sketch
indicating the work to be done. Any sidewalk surface constructed of
a material other than concrete shall be laid on a four (4) inch concrete
base and shall be constructed so that it will form an integral part
with the base. Approval for a special sidewalk will include specifications
for the construction of the type of sidewalk to be installed.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(t))
(a)
Separate
gutter, where curbs are in place, or combined curb and gutter, shall
be constructed in accordance with the standards shown on the plans
attached to an ordinance adopted November 24, 1980. Construction of
curb without gutter will not be permitted. The radius of the curb
return at a street intersection will be designated by the engineer.
(b)
In
not more than one hour after the concrete has been placed, the curb
form shall be removed and a thin coating, not over 1/4" thick, of
finish mortar, composed of one part cement to two parts fine aggregate,
shall be worked into the exposed faces of the curb and gutter by means
of a trowel and “mule.” Curb and gutter shall be finished
true to line and grade with the aid of a straight edge, steel trowel,
steel “gooseneck” and fine-haired brush. The straight
edge is to be used on the face of the curb and in the gutter. The
curb and gutter is to be worked with a steel trowel and “gooseneck”
to give the work the appearance of a trowel finish. It is to be edged
and jointed in the same manner as specified for sidewalks, and after
the work has become firm it is to be brushed lightly longitudinally
with a final crosswise brushing.
(c)
Curbs
and gutters constructed of material other than concrete may be installed
only with written approval of the engineer. Request for such approval
shall be made by the owner in writing with a sketch indicating the
work to be done. Approval for such curbs will include specifications
for the construction of the type of curb to be installed.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(u))
(a)
Driveways
shall be classified as residential, light commercial and heavy commercial
and shall be constructed in accordance with the standards indicated
on the plans attached to an ordinance adopted November 24, 1980.
(b)
Driveway
flat work shall be of one-course construction and given a smooth wood
float finish.
(c)
Driveway
curbs shall be given the finish specified for curb and gutter.
(d)
Driveways
shall be marked in rectangular squares not over five (5) feet wide
by cutting through the finished surface as specified for sidewalks.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(v))
(a)
A
residential driveway shall include any driveway leading into residential
or other private property where no heavy wheel loads may be expected.
(b)
The
minimum width shall be 10'0".
(c)
The
curb return shall have a minimum radius of 2'6".
(d)
Residential
driveways shall be of concrete five (5) inches thick including the
sidewalk and gutter section.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(w))
(a)
All
driveways into places of business which serve or are served by automobile
traffic shall be classified as light commercial driveways. All driveways
which shall be subject to other types of commercial use, including
(but without limitation) filling stations and warehouses, shall be
classified as heavy commercial driveways. Special permission must
be obtained from the engineer before a light commercial or heavy commercial
driveway may be built. Request for such approval shall be made by
the owner in writing with a sketch indicating the location and dimensions
of the commercial driveway.
(b)
Light
commercial driveways, including the sidewalk and gutter sections,
shall be of plain concrete 5" thick. Any sidewalk which is free from
cracks on the proper grade and in good condition may remain in place
when a light commercial driveway leading thereto is installed, but
if any such sidewalk shall become dangerous to the public it shall
be removed and replaced by the property owner with concrete of the
required thickness. Heavy commercial driveways, including the sidewalk
and gutter sections, shall be of reinforced concrete 5" thick, and
where a sidewalk exists within the limits of such driveway, the sidewalk
shall be replaced with reinforced concrete 5" thick.
(c)
3/8"
round deformed bars of reinforcing steel on 18" centers both ways
shall be placed in heavy commercial driveways two (2) inches from
the finished surface, and shall be securely tied at each intersection.
Wire mesh consisting of 6 gauge wire on 6" centers, both ways, or
an approved equal, may be used as an alternate to bars of reinforcing
steel.
(d)
Metal
reinforcement shall be accurately positioned and secured against displacement
by using annealed iron wire ties or suitable clips at intersections,
and shall be supported by concrete or metal supports, spacers or metal
hangers.
(e)
The
reinforcing steel shall be placed so as to have one bar three (3)
inches from and parallel to the outside edges of the driveway slab
and adjacent to all expansion joints. All splices in the steel shall
be lapped at least forty (40) times the diameter of the steel. Where
wire mesh is used, the outside wire shall be not more than 1-1/2"
from the outside edge of the concrete.
(f)
The
curb returns shall have a radius of not more than the distance from
the front edge of the sidewalk to the face of the curb and not less
than 2'6".
(g)
In
case a driveway, due to development of the abutting property, has
become obsolete and of no further use to the property, the owner may
be required by the city council to remove such driveway and replace
it with a standard curb and gutter and, where necessary, a sidewalk,
all at his own expense.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(x))
(a)
A
setback is that additional area formed by setting the curb back from
the regular curb alignment towards the property line to obtain a more
convenient parking space in the street abutting a commercial establishment.
(b)
In
no case shall a setback be constructed where the additional depth
obtained is less than eight (8) feet.
(c)
A
setback may be installed only on written approval of the manager.
Request for such approval shall be made by the owner in writing accompanied
by a sketch indicating the work to be done.
(d)
The
property owner shall be required to maintain the setback area in a
clean, presentable condition at his own expense. In case the setback
area is not maintained properly, the owner may be required by the
city council to remove the setback within a reasonable length of time
and replace it with a standard curb and gutter and where necessary,
a sidewalk, all at his own expense.
(e)
In
case a setback, due to development of the abutting property, has become
obsolete and of no further use to the property, the owner may be required
by the city council to remove such setback and replace it with a standard
curb and gutter, and, where necessary, a sidewalk, all at his own
expense.
(f)
The
setback shall be of plain concrete, 5" thick, and shall be given a
smooth wood float finish and be marked in rectangular squares as specified
for sidewalks. Setback curbs shall be given the finish specified for
curb and gutter.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(y))
(a)
Transverse
expansion joints 1/2" in thickness and to the full depth and width
of the work shall be spaced not over twenty-five (25) feet apart in
curbs, gutters, driveways, setbacks and sidewalks. These joints shall
be placed on dividing lines between lots where practicable. A 1/2"
expansion joint shall be installed where a sidewalk intersects, joins
or abuts a stormwater inlet or other structure, another walk or a
curb. Where the sidewalk occupies the entire space between the curb
and sidewalk and between the sidewalk and building or wall. [sic]
(b)
Expansion
joint material at least 1/2" in thickness shall be placed in a concrete
driveway where the driveway slab or curb abuts the pavement, gutter,
curb and sidewalk, as indicated on the standard plan attached to an
ordinance adopted November 24, 1980. Expansion joint material shall
be neatly trimmed to the surface of the finished work.
(c)
The
expansion joint material used shall completely fill the space required.
(d)
Scrap
pieces of joint material that cannot readily be assembled without
open seams shall not be used.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(z))
(a)
Repair
work shall comply with the provisions of this division except that
sections of structures being replaced shall in general conform as
nearly as possible in dimensions, shape and appearance with the structure
in place.
(b)
Sections
of sidewalks, driveways, curbs and gutters to be repaired shall be
cut out and replaced to the jointer marks.
(c)
The
contractor shall be required to backfill his work properly to the
full depth of the structure. He shall be required to remove from the
site all surplus excavated material and debris and put the work into
a neat and presentable condition.
(d)
In
case the surplus excavated material on the site is not sufficient
to backfill the structure to its full required depth, the contractor
shall be required to obtain the additional material and backfill the
structure properly as indicated on the standard plans attached to
an ordinance adopted November 24, 1980, which are made a part of this
division.
(Ordinance adopted 11/24/80, sec.
10(z-1))
