The purpose and intent of the requirements in this article is
to:
A.
Ensure that any parking lot or area is designed to provide proper
circulation, reduce hazards to pedestrians, and protect the users
of adjacent properties from nuisances caused by the noise, fumes,
and glare of headlights which may result from the operation of vehicles;
B.
Ensure there are adequate amounts of parking and loading spaces to
serve the use(s) and users of the property; and
C.
Encourage alternative parking designs and modes of transportation
to reduce dependence on single-occupancy vehicular trips and improve
efficiency during travel.
D.
Ensure safe, well-planned multi-modal access can be made to all commercial
and residential properties within the Town while minimizing potential
vehicular and pedestrian conflicts.
E.
Reduce stormwater runoff and its negative impacts to the environment
through implementation of appropriate drainage structures and use
of impervious surfaces.
F.
Improve the Town's resiliency to significant weather events
caused by climate change through the implementation of green infrastructure
and adherence to sustainable design principles.
A.
Vehicle reference. The term "vehicle," as used in this section, shall
include, but not be limited to automobiles, motorcycles, trucks, recreational
vehicles, campers and trailers, including recreational and boat trailers.
B.
New or moved buildings and uses. Parking and loading spaces as required,
shall be provided for all buildings and uses constructed, established
or moved to new sites.
C.
Increase in intensity of use. An increase in the intensity of use
of a building or premises shall mean the addition of dwelling units,
gross floor area, occupancy or any other unit of measurement used
as a basis for determining required parking and loading areas. Additional
parking and loading spaces, as required, shall be provided for any
such increases in an existing use.
D.
Change in use. When the use of any building or premises is changed
to a different use; parking and loading spaces, as required, shall
be provided for the different use.
E.
Existing parking and loading areas. Off-street parking and loading
areas in existence on the effective date of this article shall not
be reduced below the requirements for an equivalent new building or
use. In no case shall it be necessary to continue parking and loading
spaces in excess of those required by this article.
F.
Nonconforming parking and loading areas. A building, use or occupancy
lawfully existing at the time this article or any amendment thereto
becomes effective, but which does not conform with the off-street
parking and loading requirements, may be occupied or continued without
such spaces being provided. Any such spaces that may be provided thereafter
shall comply with the requirements of this article. If an existing
building, use or occupancy is altered so that there is an increase
in the number of dwelling units, seating capacity, employees or floor
area, or if the use is changed to one requiring more off-street parking
and loading spaces, the number of such spaces shall be provided at
least equal to the number required for the increased area of the building
or use in accordance with all provisions of this article.
G.
Provision and maintenance. The provision and maintenance of private
off-street parking and loading spaces is a continuing obligation of
the property owner.
Off-street parking and loading areas required by this article
shall conform to the following requirements:
A.
Areas computed.
1)
Areas that may be considered as off-street parking space include
any private garage, carport or other area available for parking other
than a street, entrance and exit lanes, or driveway. A driveway may
only be used to meet the requirements of this article where it adequately
serves a single-, two-, or multiple-family dwelling up to four units.
2)
No vehicle shall be parked or stored in any required fire lane.
3)
For single-family, two-family, and mobile homes, no more than 50%
of the lot width for lots less than 60 feet in width or 30% for lots
equal or greater than 60 feet may be used for parking.
4)
Loading and unloading space as required under this article shall
be provided in addition to off-street parking space and shall not
be considered as supplying off-street parking space.
B.
Location of spaces.
1)
All parking spaces and loading spaces shall be on the same lot as
the use they are intended to serve unless otherwise specified in this
chapter.
2)
Parking areas shall not be located within 15 feet of a residential
district.
3)
Loading areas shall not be located within 30 feet of a residential
district.
4)
Parking and loading areas may not be located within 10 feet of street
frontage unless proper screening or decorative fencing is installed.
5)
Off-street parking and loading spaces in the GC and HC Districts
shall be prohibited in the front yard area, with the exception of
a single bay of convenience parking approved as part of site plan
review. Spaces located within other commercial or industrial districts
may be located in any yard area.
6)
Off-street parking spaces in residential districts may be provided
in any yard except the front yard. However, parking in the front yard
shall only be allowed on single-family and two-family lots on an approved,
hard-surfaced driveway compliant with this article.
7)
Loading spaces and delivery areas, such as loading docks, shall be
located so as not to be visible from the street or public right-of-way.
If not practical, landscaping and buffering to screen such areas shall
be provided to the extent required in site plan review.
C.
Paving, grading and marking.
1)
All parking and loading areas, except those located in industrial
districts, shall be hard-surfaced concrete or asphalt paved and maintained
in good condition. Such surface shall be permanent and capable of
being kept free of snow, dust, and dirt and must be permanently marked.
2)
The use of permeable paving materials is strongly encouraged to reduce
impacts of stormwater runoff and help facilitate proper drainage.
3)
All spaces shall be clearly marked with a minimum painted strip of
four inches in width.
4)
All parking and loading areas and their access driveways shall be
graded so as to provide for the proper mitigation of stormwater and
runoff.
5)
All landscaped areas shall include concrete, masonry or other permanent
barriers to contain and protect landscaping.
6)
In locations where curbing is not required or feasible, wheel stops
shall be used. Wheel stops shall be provided adjacent to any building,
wall, fence, walkway, landscaped area or property line to protect
people, property and other vehicles.
7)
Fire lanes. All parking and loading areas shall be constructed in
such a way to accommodate emergency vehicle access as required by
the Manchester Fire Department.
D.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) compliance.
1)
All new or upgraded parking and loading areas must meet the requirements
of the ADA. Upgrading shall include reconstruction or repaving, but
not resealing an existing surface.
2)
All parking lots shall provide the minimum number of handicap spaces
in accordance with ADA requirements. Each such space may be included
in the computation of required number of spaces by use.
E.
Landscaping, screening, and buffer regulations. All parking and loading areas shall be in accordance with the regulations specified in Article 54 of this chapter.
F.
Lighting. All parking and loading areas and their appurtenant passageways and driveways shall be illuminated in conformance with the standards in Article 55. Adequate shielding shall be provided by uses to protect adjacent residential zones from the glare of such illumination and from that of automobile headlights.
G.
Snow removal. For off-street parking and loading areas greater than
20 spaces, a dedicated area independent of required parking and loading
spaces for the placing and storage of snow shall be required.
A.
Benefit. Joint and shared off-street parking areas that extend across
property lines are encouraged as parking can be more efficiently organized
in larger areas than in smaller areas, resulting in more parking capacity
with less land devoted to parking.
B.
Joint parking. Joint off-street parking areas by two or more buildings
or uses located on the same lot or adjacent lots is permitted, provided
that the total of such spaces shall not be less than the sum required
of the various buildings or uses computed separately. The land upon
which the joint parking spaces are located shall be owned or leased
by one or more of the collective users.
C.
Shared parking. Shared off-street parking areas for two or more uses
that are located on the same lot or adjacent lots is permitted, provided
they have differing peak parking demands or operating hours. Shared
parking areas shall conform to the following:
1)
The minimum number of spaces provided is at least that of the use
with the greatest parking requirement.
2)
The parking area is located within 1,000 feet of the building(s)
or use(s) it is intended to serve.
3)
The applicant demonstrates that the uses have different peak hour
parking demands or that the total parking demand at one time would
be adequately served by the total number of parking spaces proposed.
4)
A shared parking agreement is executed documenting the shared uses
and property owners and must be reflected in a deed, lease, contract,
easement or other appropriate legal document.
5)
A maintenance agreement is executed documenting the responsibility
of each user in the maintenance and upkeep of said shared parking
lots.
The purpose of this section is to ensure proper and well-planned access roads and driveways that provide safe travelling conditions for both vehicles and pedestrians to surrounding businesses and residential neighborhoods. It is the intent of the Town of Manchester to make sure that safe access can be made to all commercial and residential properties while minimizing potential traffic and pedestrian conflicts. All parcels that fall within the Route 96 Overlay District must also comply with the access management requirements as identified in Article 31.
A.
Access roads and driveways. Access road development shall apply to
all districts with adjoining property boundaries where points of ingress
or egress are separated by a distance of less than 500 feet and shall
conform to the following standards:
1)
The Town Engineer or their designee shall review all access roads
and driveways to ensure the safety and welfare of the public. The
Town may engage the services of other engineers, planners, or other
professionals to assist in such review all costs at the expense of
the applicant.
2)
Shared access agreements will be required by the first developer
and/or owner of a site and shall be established in a continuum to
adjoining properties as a contingency of site plan approval.
3)
All direct access driveways to public highways shall be minimized
and meet or exceed the minimum spacing requirements, excluding single-family
residences, listed in the table below. Minimum driveway spacing is
to be measured from the closest edge of the driveway to the closest
edge of the nearest driveway.
|
Table 51-1: Minimum Driveway Spacing
| |
|---|---|
|
Speed Limit
|
Minimum Spacing
(feet)
|
|
35 mph or less
|
125
|
|
36 to 44 mph
|
250
|
|
45 mph or greater
|
500
|
4)
Each site shall have an access driveway into the parking area that
complies with the dimensions of the table below:
|
Table 51-2: Access Driveway Dimensions By Use
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Use
|
Required Width
(feet)
| ||
|
Single-family
|
10 (min.)
|
25 (max.)
| |
|
Multiple-family
|
16 (min.)
|
30 (max.)
| |
|
Other, one-way access
|
12 (min.)
|
25 (max.)
| |
|
Other, two-way access
|
20 (min.)
|
30 (max.)
| |
5)
All parking spaces, except those required for single- or two-family
dwellings, shall have access to a public street or alley in such a
manner that any vehicle leaving or entering the parking area from
or into a public street or alley shall be traveling in a forward motion.
6)
No driveway providing access to an off-street parking area shall
be located closer than 60 feet to the intersection of public streets.
B.
Driveway permit required.
1)
The paving of new driveways or driveway expansions in any residential
district shall require the issuance of a driveway permit by the CEO,
unless otherwise approved by the Planning Board as part of the site
plan review process.
2)
Driveway permit applications shall consist of a to-scale drawing
of the parcel indicating the location and dimensions of the proposed
driveway. Said driveway application shall be submitted to the CEO
on forms provided by the Town Clerk and shall be accompanied by a
current survey map completed by a professional land surveyor depicting
the proposed location and dimensions of the driveway.
3)
Proposed driveways or driveway expansions must meet the following
requirements in order to be considered for approval:
i.
The driveway shall be at least one foot away from side and rear
property lines;
ii.
The driveway shall not cause the parcel's total lot coverage to exceed the maximum amount permitted as stated in Article 20 (Residential Districts);
iii.
The driveway width must be in conformance with this article;
and
iv.
The paving of said driveway shall not obscure or in any way
alter existing public sidewalks.
C.
Bicycle and pedestrian accommodations.
1)
All parking areas which contain more than 20 spaces must include
clearly identified pedestrian route from the parking area to the main
building entrance and to the public sidewalk along the street, where
applicable. See figure below.
 |
2)
All pedestrian walkways shall be clearly marked through the combination
of paint, signage, and/or change in paving materials.
3)
Bicycle parking shall be provided with all multiple-family and nonresidential
development at a rate of at least 10% of off-street parking requirements.
However, in no case shall a single use provide less than two spaces,
nor be required to provide more than 10 spaces.
A.
The minimum number of parking spaces for all uses and structures
shall be provided in accordance with the table below.
|
Table 51-3: Minimum Parking Space Requirements By Use
| |
|---|---|
|
Land Use
|
Minimum Spaces
|
|
Residential
| |
|
Single- or two-family dwelling
|
2 per dwelling unit
|
|
Multiple-family dwelling
|
1.5 per dwelling unit
|
|
Upper floor dwelling unit
|
1 per dwelling unit
|
|
Bed-and-breakfast
|
1 per room
|
|
Home occupation, residential
|
1 per nonresident employee, in addition to residential use requirement
|
|
Home occupation, agricultural
|
1 per 1,000 square feet1
|
|
Nursing home or adult care facility
|
0.50 per room + 0.50 per employee2
|
|
Commercial
| |
|
Retail or entertainment use
|
3 per 1,000 square feet1
|
|
Service or office use
|
2 per 1,000 square feet1
|
|
Lodging
|
1 per guest room + 0.50 per employee2
|
|
Day-care facility
|
1 per employee2
|
|
Vehicle sales3
|
2 per employee2
|
|
Industrial/agricultural
| |
|
All uses
|
1 per employee2
|
|
Other
| |
|
Hospital
|
1 per bed + 1 per employee2
|
|
Recreational use
|
3 per 1,000 square feet1
|
|
Religious institution
|
3 per 1,000 square feet1
|
|
Educational institution
|
1 per 3 students + 1 per employee2
|
|
NOTES:
| |
|
(1)
|
As measured by the gross floor area dedicated to the proposed
use.
|
|
(2)
|
"Per employee" requirements shall be based on the maximum shift.
|
|
(3)
|
Minimum parking requirement does not include the spaces devoted
to storage of vehicles to be sold.
|
B.
Should the minimum parking space requirement result in a fractional
number of spaces based on the previous calculations, the requirement
shall be rounded to the next highest whole number.
C.
The maximum number of parking spaces allowable is not to exceed 125%
of the requirement as outlined in this article, unless otherwise approved
via special permit by the Planning Board.
D.
Where no requirement is designated, and the use is not comparable
to any of the listed uses, parking requirements shall be determined
by the CEO based upon the capacity of the facility and its associated
uses. The CEO may consult with any Town board, commission, department,
agency, and/or official it deems advisable. The CEO may also engage
the services of engineers, planners, or other professionals to aid
in their determination. The applicant shall reimburse all costs incurred
by the CEO for such professional services to the Town.
E.
The Planning Board may require additional off-street parking spaces
in excess of those required by this article as part of site plan review
if such additional spaces are deemed necessary to protect the health,
safety, and general welfare of the public.
A.
Aisle widths. Aisle widths shall follow the minimum dimensions of
the table below:
|
Table 51-4: Minimum Aisle Widths
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Angle of Parking
|
Minimum Aisle Width
| ||
|
Two-Way Traffic
(feet)
|
One-Way Traffic
(feet)
| ||
|
90° parking
|
24
|
22
| |
|
60° parking
|
23
|
18
| |
|
45° parking
|
21
|
13
| |
|
Parallel parking
|
19
|
13
| |
B.
Size of parking spaces. The size of the parking spaces shall follow
the minimum dimensions of the table below, and each space shall be
separated by four inches from an adjoining space.
|
Table 51-5: Minimum Size of Parking Spaces
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Angle of Parking
|
Minimum Width
(feet)
|
Minimum Length
(feet)
| |
|
90° parking
|
9
|
18
| |
|
60° parking
|
9
|
18
| |
|
45° parking
|
9
|
18
| |
|
Parallel parking
|
8
|
22
| |
Whenever the normal operation of any development requires that
good, merchandise, or equipment be routinely delivered to or shipped
from that development, a sufficient off-street loading and unloading
area must be provided in accordance with this section to accommodate
the delivery or shipment operations in order to avoid undue interference
with the public use of streets or alleys.
A.
Access. Access to a loading space shall be provided directly from
a public street or alley or from any right-of-way in such a way that
it will not interfere with public convenience and will permit orderly
and safe movement of delivery vehicles.
B.
Maneuvering. Loading and unloading areas shall be so located and
designed that the vehicles intended to use them can maneuver safely
and conveniently to and from a public right-of-way and complete the
loading and unloading operations without obstructing or interfering
with any public right-of-way.
C.
Shared loading spaces. Off-street loading spaces for separate uses
within the same building may be provided jointly if the total number
of spaces so provided is not less than the sum of the separate requirements
for each use and provided, that the use complies with all regulations
governing the location of accessory spaces in relation to the use
served are adhered to.
D.
Minimum space dimensions. Loading spaces shall conform to the minimum
dimensions of the table below:
|
Table 51-6: Minimum Space Dimensions
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Class of Loading Space
|
Minimum Width
(feet)
|
Minimum Length
(feet)
|
Minimum Height
(feet)
| |
|
A (for semi-truck vehicles)
|
14
|
50
|
15
| |
|
B (for other vehicles)
|
12
|
25
|
14
| |
E.
Minimum number of spaces. The minimum required number and class of
loading spaces shall be determined by the gross floor area of the
use that it will serve as listed in the table below:
|
Table 51-7: Number of Loading Spaces Required
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Gross Floor Area
(square feet)
|
Minimum
| |
|
Less than 4,000
|
—
| |
|
4,000 to 15,000
|
1 - Class B
| |
|
15,000 to 30,000
|
1 - Class A
OR
2 - Class B
| |
|
4. 30,000 or greater
|
1 - Class A
AND
1 - Class B
| |
|
5. Each additional 50,000; or fraction thereof
|
+ 1 - Class A
| |
