[Ord. No. 2022-02, 7/11/2022]
1.
Purposes.
A.
To provide for moderate density development opportunities on properties less than 12 acres in area and in areas that do not comprise prime agricultural lands;
B.
To protect and promote the continuation of agriculture, particularly in areas with prime agricultural lands, consistent with the Governor's Executive Order 2003-2 dated March 20, 2003;
C.
To support the Governor's Executive .Order regarding the irreversible conversion of primary agricultural land to uses that result in its loss as an environmental and essential food and fiber resource across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania;
D.
To implement and support the purposes and objectives authorized and directed by the Agricultural Land Preservation Policy as established by the Governor's Executive Order (4 Pa. Code §§ 7.301 – 7.307);
E.
To implement policies of Future LV: The Regional Plan, which emphasizes the need for effective growth management to preserve farmland of high preservation value;
F.
To strengthen and preserve strong agricultural activity to facilitate farming as a viable component of the local economy;
G.
To promote agricultural land uses and activities and other uses and activities which act in direct support of agriculture;
H.
To protect and stabilize the essential characteristics of areas in the Agricultural District, to minimize conflicting land uses detrimental to agricultural enterprises, and to limit development which requires roads, highways, infrastructure, municipal services, and other public facilities in excess of those required by agricultural uses;
I.
To maintain the land resource base, that is, agricultural parcels or farms in sizes which will permit efficient, profitable agricultural operations. In this regard, the Board of Supervisors recognizes that large farmland tracts are desirable because the size of farmland tracts is directly related to the economic viability of farming operations with respect to use of modem machinery, soil conservation programs and the ability to recycle manure and other agricultural by-products. The Board of Supervisors also recognizes, however, that not all farming operations need to be conducted on a large scale with the use of significant machinery and other efficiencies and believes that there should be a place for smaller "farmettes" to provide an opportunity for more residents to participate in the agricultural base of this community. For Lower Mount Bethel, a minimum of 10 acres is the appropriate size for such farmettes based upon factors which include, without limitation, the following:
(2)
The Northampton County agricultural easement acquisition program allows for tracts as small as 10 acres to be preserved;
(3)
Pennsylvania Act 43, the Agricultural Area Security Law (3 P.S. § 901 et seq.), requires that tracts be 10 acres or more in size to be added to the lands protected by these provisions;
(4)
The Lehigh Valley Planning Commission has used 10 acres as such an appropriate threshold for many years;
J.
To the extent practicable, to keep agricultural land use and activities separate from incompatible residential, commercial and industrial development, and public facilities;
K.
To further the direction and authorization set forth in the following sections of the Municipalities Planning Code: § 604(3) [53 P.S.§ 10604(3)], which directs that zoning ordinances contain provisions designed to "preserve prime agriculture and farmland"; § 603(b)(5) [53 P.S. § 10603(b)(5)], which authorizes this Township to permit, regulate and determine protection and preservation of prime agricultural land and activities; § 603(c)(7) [53 P.S. § 10603(c)(7)], which authorizes provisions to promote and preserve prime agricultural land; § 603(g)(1) [53 P.S. § 10603(g)(1)], which directs that zoning ordinances shall protect prime agricultural land and may promote the establishment of agricultural security areas; § 603(h) [53 P.S. § 10603(h)], which provides that zoning ordinances shall encourage the continuity, development and viability of agricultural operations and protects agricultural operations where agriculture has traditionally been present; and § 606 (53 P.S. § 10606), which provides that a statement of community development objectives may address the need for preserving agricultural land;
L.
To implement and support the purposes and objectives authorized and directed by the Agricultural Area Security Law (3 P.S. §§ 901 through 915);
M.
To implement and support the purposes and objectives provided by the Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act of 1974 ("Clean and Green" Act 319, 72 P.S. §§ 5490.1 through 5490.13);
N.
To implement and support the purposes and objectives provided by Act 515 regarding covenants preserving farm, forest, water supply, and open space land uses (16 P.S. §§ 11941 – 11947);
O.
To implement and support the purposes and objectives of the "Pennsylvania Statutory and Regulatory Measures to Protect Agricultural Land and Open Space" (Pennsylvania Legislator's Municipal Deskbook, 5th Ed. 2017, by the Pennsylvania General Assembly - Local Government Commission, pages 95 – 99);
P.
To recognize that farming and agriculture activities are a legitimate and fully developed use of the land;
Q.
To preserve the active and productive agricultural lands that are present within the Township;
R.
To limit land development activity within the AP - Agricultural Preservation District in order to preserve the large contiguous tracts of agricultural land area within the Township;
S.
To further the goals, objectives and planning policies for agricultural preservation outlined within the 2007 Lower Mount Bethel Township Comprehensive Plan and Future LV: The Regional Plan, including without limitation the following:
(1)
To protect the Township's prime farmland soils and significant public investment in farming;
(2)
To retain the Township's rural and historic character, with particular emphasis on agriculture as a viable way of life;
(3)
To recognize and protect an area designated as a significant agricultural area by the Lehigh Valley Planning Commission;
T.
To ensure that the Lower Mount Bethel Township zoning ordinance reflects and supports the Township's position in the region as a rural agricultural community.
2.
Background for agricultural preservation purposes.
A.
Based upon information contained in the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resource and Conservation Services Northampton County Soil Survey, a majority of Lower Mount Bethel Township consists of "prime agricultural land" as that term is defined in the Pennsylvania Municipalities Code, 53 P.S. § 10107; and
B.
The Township also contains some non-prime agricultural land, though to a lesser extent than it contains prime agricultural land; and
C.
Based on information from the Northampton County Farmland Preservation office, in 2020, 69% of the land in the Township is enrolled in either the Act 319 or Act 515 preferential tax programs, and 43% of the land in the Township is part of agricultural security areas under Pennsylvania Act 43; and
D.
The farmland in Lower Mount Bethel Township, particularly the prime agricultural land in this AP - Agricultural Preservation District, is ideal for the growing of crops and raising of livestock, and the Board of Supervisors wishes to facilitate the continued availability of land for these purposes, subject to a reasonable allowance for some residential and compatible non-residential development; and
E.
This Part provides more than ample allowance for residential development. Available census data from 1990 through 2000 indicated that the population increased in the Township by only 41 persons, and from 2000 through 2010 decreased by 127 persons; while available 2018 population estimates show a further decrease of 24 persons; and
F.
Future LV: The Regional Plan reports that significant amounts of agricultural land in the Lehigh Valley is being lost to development every year, with the land lost being converted to other uses; and
G.
The area which includes the AP - Agricultural Preservation Zoning District is identified in Future LV: The Regional Plan as containing some of the best soils in the region; and
H.
Future LV: The Regional Plan advocates the adoption of zoning ordinances with effective controls to preserve agricultural areas; and
I.
Future LV, The Regional Plan indicates on its General Plan map that there are sizeable areas, comprising the vast majority of the Township, where farming should remain as the primary land use, while Future LV: The Regional Plan's Farmland Preservation Plan calls out the same areas as of high farmland preservation value; and
J.
The Lehigh Valley Planning Commission has advised that effective agricultural preservation zoning must limit incompatible uses and curtail subdivision development; and
K.
Lower Mount Bethel Township does not consider land used for agricultural purposes as "vacant," "unused," or "inventory for development," but rather considers agricultural use to be a legitimate and productive use of the land in its own right; and
L.
The Board of Supervisors of Lower Mount Bethel Township believes that protections for agricultural land are appropriate and necessary and, thus, adopted the Comprehensive Agricultural Preservation Zoning Ordinance (commonly referred to as "CAPZO") on August 7, 2010, as an amendment to the then applicable Zoning Ordinance (Township of Lower Mount Bethel Code of Ordinances at Chapter 27, Part 6, especially § 27-604, § 27-605, and § 27-606); and
M.
Lower Mount Bethel Township had spent more than three years conducting public meetings, studying and considering various approaches to the use of zoning regulations to protect and preserve agricultural land, and balancing that goal with competing interests, resulting in the ultimate adoption of the CAPZO; and
N.
This Part replaces and incorporates the provisions of the CAPZO while maintaining its purposes and it is the belief of the Lower Mount Bethel Board of Supervisors that this Part is an appropriate and significant step in protecting and preserving agricultural lands located in the Township, including significant prime agricultural lands, while at the same time providing opportunity to property owners for a reasonable amount of residential and compatible nonresidential development on their lands; and
O.
A purpose of this Part is to preserve and protect agricultural land, including prime agricultural land, by restricting the amount of agricultural land and soil capability classes on which dwelling units and compatible non-residential development may be located; and
P.
Encouraging the continuity, development and viability of agricultural operations by preserving and protecting agricultural land is a permitted and legitimate governmental goal appropriately implemented through zoning regulations under the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code [53 P.S. §§ 10603(b)(5), 10603(h), and 10604(3)]; and
Q.
As of the time of enactment of this Part, in the entire Lehigh Valley Region consisting of Northampton County and Lehigh County, Lower Mount Bethel Township has the highest acreage of farmland perpetually protected for future agricultural use by way of permanent easement, totaling more than 4,000 preserved acres in 2021; and
R.
A greater percentage of land in Lower Mount Bethel Township is devoted to agriculture than in adjacent Townships and in Northampton County as a whole; and
S.
Prime agricultural lands comprise the best agricultural soils in the United States. The presence of active and productive agricultural lands is a major land resource for any municipality, and Lower Mount Bethel Township is fortunate to have an abundant and significant supply of this valuable resource; and
T.
The Board of Supervisors continues to desire to protect and promote the continuation of agriculture, particularly in areas with prime agricultural lands, those areas being preserved farmland, farmland in agricultural security areas, farmland enrolled in Act 319 of 1974 as amended (Clean and Green Act)[2], and land capability Classes I, II, III, and IV and other soils of statewide importance as defined by the Natural Resources Conservation Service; and
[2]
Editor's Note: See the Clean and Green, Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act, 72 P.S. § 5490.1 et seq.
U.
Preservation of large farmland tracts is desirable because the size of farmland tracts is directly related to the economic viability of farming operations with respect to the use of modem machinery, soil conservation programs and the ability to dispose of manure and other agricultural by-products; and
V.
By enacting this Part as part of the Zoning Ordinance, the Board of Supervisors of Lower Mount Bethel Township is permitting a reasonable, limited degree of development within the AP - Agricultural Preservation District while preserving and encouraging agricultural use, which fosters sound soil conservation practices and economic vitality.