[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
A. Definitions. As used in this section, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
OFF-STREET PARKING SPACEA permanently reserved, temporary storage area for one motor vehicle that is not located on, but is directly accessible to, a dedicated street right-of-way which affords ingress and egress for a motor vehicle without requiring another motor vehicle to be moved.
ON-STREET PARKING SPACEA temporary parking space for one motor vehicle that is located within the street right-of way.
B. General requirements.
(1) New residential developments in the MR, RPC and NB Zones shall be designed to have adequate parking for both residents of the housing units, and on-street parking or overflow parking available to accommodate visitors, service delivery vehicles, and families with more than two vehicles.
(2) Parking shall be arranged in a manner so as not to block the travel lanes or impede access to rear-access areas and to not obstruct culs-de-sac and other designated turning areas.
C. Computation of required number of spaces.
(1) General. The minimum number of required off-street parking spaces shall be determined according to the Table 14-1, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces.
(2) Fractional spaces. Where the computation of spaces results in a fractional space, the fractional space shall be counted as one additional required space.
(3) Number of employees. The number of employees shall be based on the maximum number of persons employed on the premises at one time on a typical day or night, whichever is greater. Seasonal variations in employment may be considered in determining an average day or night.
(4) Joint use. Where more than one use occupies a single structure, the parking requirements shall be computed by adding together the number of required parking spaces for each use.
(5) Shared facilities. Houses of worship, auditoriums or educational institutions may make arrangements with business establishments, which normally have different days or hours of operation, for sharing up to 100% of their required parking facilities. Such amendments must be approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission and municipal governing body through site plans as a conditional use as described in §
105-4-8.
(6) Uses not specifically listed. The required number of parking spaces for uses not specifically listed in Table 14-1, Required Off-Street Parking Spaces, shall be the same as for a similar listed use.
(7) Modification of required spaces. The Town Council may modify the parking requirements when the governing body determines that the requirements are clearly excessive and unreasonable.
D. Location.
(1) General.
(a) Parking facilities shall be located on the same lot with the building or use served.
(b) Parking facilities may be located within required building setback areas.
(c) Parking spaces or zones for use by persons with disabilities shall be provided in accordance with the International Building Code, as amended and adopted by the county.
(2) Exception. Required parking facilities may be located within 300 feet of the building or use served when:
(a) A change in use or an enlargement of a building requires an increase in the number of parking spaces.
(b) Spaces are provided collectively to serve two or more buildings.
E. Design standards.
(1) Parking space dimensions.
(a) Vertical and diagonal parking: 10 feet by 20 feet.
(b) Parallel parking: 10 feet by 22 feet off-street; eight feet by 22 feet on-street.
(2) Interior drive aisle width: 25 feet.
(3) Entrances and exits.
(a) The location and design of entrances and exits shall be in accord with the requirements of applicable state regulations and standards.
(b) Landscaping, curbing or approved barriers shall be provided along lot boundaries to control entrance and exit of vehicles or pedestrians.
(4) Backing onto public road prohibited. Off-street parking areas that make it necessary for vehicles to back out directly into a public road are prohibited, except for dwelling units each having an individual driveway.
(5) Drainage. Off-street parking facilities shall be drained to eliminate standing water and prevent damage to abutting property and/or public streets and alleys.
(6) Surface material. Off-street parking facilities shall be surfaced with erosion-resistant material in accordance with applicable municipal specifications.
(7) Separation from walkways and streets.
(a) Off-street parking spaces shall be separated from walkways, sidewalks, streets or alleys by a wall, fence or curbing or other approved protective device or by distance so that vehicles cannot protrude over publicly used areas.
(b) Parking within front yard setbacks shall be discouraged and subject to site plan review.
(8) Marking. Parking spaces in lots of more than four spaces shall be marked by painted lines or curbs or other means to delineate individual spaces. Signs or markers shall be used as necessary to ensure efficient traffic operation of the lot.
(9) Lighting. Adequate lighting shall be provided if off-street parking spaces are to be used at night. The lighting shall be arranged and installed to minimize glare into residential areas.
(10) Screening. See Article
XV.
(11) Interior parking lot landscaping. See Article
XV.
(12) Maintenance. Off-street parking areas shall be maintained in a clean and orderly condition at the expense of the owner or lessee.
(13) Accessible parking. Accessible parking spaces shall be signed in accordance with the following:
(a) Such signs shall be vertical and placed at a height of at least five feet from grade but no more than seven feet when measured from the surface directly below the sign to the top of the sign for each parking space.
(b) Such signs shall comply with state and federal specifications for identification of parking spaces reserved for persons with disabilities which limit or impair the ability to walk. A sign at least 12 inches wide (horizontal) and 18 inches tall (vertical) that includes the universal handicapped (wheelchair) symbol of access shall be required for each parking space reserved for use by persons with disabilities.
(c) These requirements shall not be construed to preclude additional markings, such as the international wheelchair symbol or a striped extension area painted on the space, or a tow-away warning sign.
(14) In units with rear access alleys, the parking spaces must be located in the rear of the units off of the alley.
(15) If garages are provided, one space may be counted in the garage, provided that the garage is at least 12 feet in width.
(16) On-street parking spaces must be situated so as not to obstruct any driveway, alley, walkway, pathway or any other curb cut.
(17) Overflow parking must be provided at a rate of one additional parking space per unit. Overflow parking may take the form of parking lots, curb bump-outs, or other innovative design measures. Overflow parking areas may be constructed of alternative materials such as pavers, grass pave, stone or gravel, or other materials approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission and Town Council.
(18) Driveways which are one car wide may be either 20 feet in length or 40 or more feet in length. Driveways which are between 20 feet in length and 40 feet in length may encourage vehicles to park over sidewalks, walkways, or to park in such a way as to impede traffic on Town streets.
(19) If, in the opinion of the Planning and Zoning Commission, the required number of parking spaces is excessive and will lead to unnecessary expanses of pavement and impervious surfaces, the Planning and Zoning Commission may grant a waiver to the parking standards, provided the applicant presents a parking-need analysis with findings that a reduction in parking spaces is warranted and aids in the overall good design of the mixed-use area.
(20) The required number of parking spaces for an individual lot that is part of a master planned retail development project may be waived if the overall project meets the parking requirements.
(21) Multifamily units shall be required to provide three parking spaces per unit. A garage may count as one space.
F. Major recreational equipment and unlicensed vehicles.
(1) Major recreational equipment.
(a) Major recreational equipment includes boats, boat trailers, travel trailers, pickup campers or coaches designed to be mounted on motor vehicles, recreational vehicles (RVs), motorized dwellings, tent trailers, personal watercraft, snowmobiles, and similar equipment as well as cases or boxes used for transporting major recreational equipment, regardless or whether the equipment is inside of the boxes.
(b) Regulation. On a lot in a residential zone, major recreational equipment:
[1] May not be parked within the front yard setback;
[2] May not be used for living, sleeping, or other housekeeping purposes;
[3] May be parked anywhere for a maximum of 24 hours while loading and unloading;
[4] Major recreational equipment may be parked in R, MR, C, in the side or rear yard, provided it does not take up required parking for that lot and is a minimum of five feet from the property line;
[5] No major recreational equipment shall be parked on townhouse or multifamily lots, regardless of zone.
(2) Unlicensed vehicles and trailers. On any residentially zoned property, a vehicle or a trailer that is not used in support of customary farming operations and does not have current license plates may be parked or stored only in a completely enclosed building.
Table 14-1. Required Off-Street Parking Spaces |
|---|
Use | Parking Spaces Required |
|---|
Dwellings: single-family dwellings | 2 per unit |
Dwelling, multifamily | 3 per unit |
Home-based businesses | 1 per nonresident employee in addition to requirements for resident parking |
Nonresidential uses on nonresidential lots | 1 per 300 square feet of floor area |
New residential development in MR, RPC, or NB Zones | 0.75 on-street or overflow parking per unit |
Nonresidential uses in the mixed-use area in the NB | 1 per 500 square feet of gross building area |
G. Design standards for Neighborhood Business District.
(1) Parking requirements. Parking areas for shared or community use should be encouraged. The typical area in a mixed-use area anticipated by this chapter is depicted below. Parking in an NB shall comply with the parking requirements set forth in Article
XIV. In addition:
(a) Rear and side parking:
[1] For all buildings up to 35,000 square feet, a minimum of 50% of the required parking area shall be located at the rear or side of buildings.
[a] The Planning and Zoning Commission may grant a waiver to this standard as part of the site plan review process. The waiver must aid in the overall good design and provide for safe, convenient and efficient access.
[2] For all buildings of 35,000 square feet and larger, at least 25% of the required parking spaces shall be placed in the side areas of the proposed development project.
(b) The parking lot(s) shall be located between the smaller structures and the larger structure.
(c) In order to reduce the scale of parking areas, break the parking areas up into groups of no more than 35 spaces per area, separated by pedestrian walkways, landscape islands and planters, public streets, buildings, or any combination thereof.
(d) The parking lot shall be designed with traffic-calming features along the fire lanes fronting the building facades.
(e) Pedestrian access shall be provided from all parking areas to the primary building entrances.
(f) Design parking lots to avoid dead-end aisles.
(g) Separate parking areas from buildings by a landscaped strip, a raised concrete walkway or pedestrian plaza.
(h) For mixed-use areas, parking should be provided that takes into account the needs of the different users through design measures such as shared parking with time provisions and metered parking.
(i) Provide cross-access easements between adjacent lots to facilitate the flow of traffic between complementary users.
(j) Applicants may request that the Town consider designs that provide for shared parking between different uses with staggered peak parking demand in order to reduce the total number of spaces within the development.
(k) A parking lot or garage may not be adjacent to or opposite a street intersection.
(l) Parking lots or garages must provide not less than one bicycle rack for every 25 motor vehicle parking spaces.
(m) Adjacent on-street parking may apply toward the minimum parking requirements. At the discretion of the Planning and Zoning Commission, the required parking may be provided within a five-minute (1/4-mile) radius of, and with reasonable access to, the site which it serves.
(n) Parking shall be accessed by alley or rear lane, when available.
(o) Pedestrian entrances to all parking lots and parking structures shall be directly from a frontage line.
(p) The vehicular entrance of a parking lot or garage on a frontage shall be no wider than 30 feet.
(q) The maximum number of parking spaces provided shall not exceed the minimum number required by more than 10%. Any parking areas that exceed the minimum number required shall be pervious parking. Pervious parking areas shall be constructed of permeable pavement and turf pavement like "turf block," "turf stone," and SF-Rima or grass, or some other material as approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission.
(r) Illustrated example. Aerial perspective sketch of a mixed-use area integrating commercial (ground-floor) and residential (second-story) uses. A relatively narrow gap in the continuous street wall (created by the mixed-use buildings) provides access from the street to a landscaped, pedestrian-friendly parking lot.
(2) Service access. Access for service vehicles should provide a direct route to service and loading dock areas, while avoiding movement through parking areas.
(3) Paving. Reduction of impervious surfaces through the use of interlocking pavers is strongly encouraged for areas such as remote parking lots and parking areas for periodic uses.
(4) Parking area landscaping and screening.
(a) All parking and loading areas fronting public streets or sidewalks, and all parking and loading areas abutting residential districts or uses, shall provide:
[1] A landscaped area at least five feet wide along the public street or sidewalk.
[2] Screening at least two feet in height, on three sides and not less than 50% opaque. Screening should be avoided at entrances to provide a clear line of sight.
[3] Screening shall have openings no larger than is necessary to allow automobile and pedestrian access and shall not obstruct motorist or vehicular and pedestrian traffic on the adjoining street.
[4] One tree for each 25 linear feet of parking lot frontage.
(b) Parking area interior landscaping.
[1] The corners of parking lots, islands, and all other areas not used for parking or vehicular circulation shall be landscaped. Vegetation can include turf grass, native grasses or other perennial flowering plants, vines, shrubs or trees. Such spaces may include architectural features such as benches, kiosks or bicycle parking.
[2] One landscaped island shall be provided for every 15 parking spaces.
(c) Landscaping shall not obscure or block the view within three feet of a fire hydrant.
(5) Parking structure. Parking structures shall be masked from the frontage by a liner building at the first story. A liner building, if less than 30 feet deep and two stories, shall be exempt from parking requirements.
