City of Santa Rosa, CA: Definitions of specialized terms and phrases.

§ 20-70.020 Definitions of specialized terms and phrases.

As used in this Zoning Code, the following terms and phrases shall have the meaning ascribed to them in this section, unless the context in which they are used clearly requires otherwise.

Definitions, "A."

Abut. Having property lines, street lines, or zoning district lines, or creeks in common. It does not include properties that share highways in common.

Accessory Dwelling Unit. An attached or a detached residential dwelling unit that provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons and is located on a lot with a proposed or existing primary residence. It shall include permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation on the same parcel as the single-family or multifamily dwelling is or will be situated.

Accessory Retail or Services. The retail sale of various products, or the provision of certain personal services within a health care, hotel, office, or industrial complex, to employees or customers; also includes retail that is incidental to a primary use conducted on the same premises where no more than 20 percent of the gross floor area is devoted to retail sales. Examples of these uses include pharmacies within hospitals and medical clinics; a prescription opticians' shop within an ophthalmologist office; a gift shop and food service establishment within a hospital; gift and convenience stores and food service establishments within hotel, office and industrial complexes; barber and beauty shops within residential care facilities; and a manufacturing/ processing or artisan/craft product manufacturing use with an incidental retail sales area.

Accessory Structure. A structure that is physically detached from, secondary and incidental to, and commonly associated with a primary structure on the same site. See also "Agricultural Accessory Structure," "Primary Structure," and "Residential Accessory Uses and Structures,"

Accessory Use. A use customarily incidental to, related and clearly subordinate to a primary use on the same parcel, which does not alter the primary use nor serve property other than the parcel where the primary use is located. See also "Primary Use."

Active Ground Floor. Street-level public realm and building design elements, structures, or features that support an active sidewalk experience by ensuring comfortable use 24 hours a day; complementing human scale and increasing complexity of the sidewalk space; providing continuous variety, connectivity, and accessibility; and helping to achieve City-wide sustainability and resiliency goals.

Activity Generating Use. A land use that is intended to attract a high volume of pedestrian traffic. An activity generating use provides high customer turnover and social interaction, such as retailing, entertainment and dining establishments, personal services, theaters and galleries, and may include a lobby for upper floor multi-family residential units.

Adult Business (Land Use). A business based upon materials or performances that depict, describe, or relate to "specified sexual activities" or "specified anatomical areas," as defined in the City Code.

Affordable Rent. Monthly housing expenses, including a reasonable allowance for utilities, for rental units reserved for very low or low income households, not exceeding the following calculations:

1.	Very Low Income: 50 percent of median income as defined by State law (Health and Safety Code Section 50105) and the HUD income limits.
2.	Low Income: 80 percent of median income as defined by State law (Health and Safety Code Section 50079.5) and the HUD income limits.

Affordable Sales Price. A sales price at which very low and low income households can qualify for the purchase of designated dwelling units, calculated on the basis of underwriting standards of mortgage financing available for the development.

Agent. A person authorized in writing by the property owner to represent and act for a property owner in contacts with City employees, committees, Commissions, and the Council, regarding matters regulated by this Zoning Code.

Agricultural Accessory Structure. A structure for sheltering or confining animals, or agricultural equipment, hay, feed, etc. Examples of these structures include barns, non-commercial greenhouses, coops, corrals, and pens. Does not include fencing.

Agricultural Employee Housing. Residential housing whose occupancy is restricted to persons who are employed in, raising or harvesting any agricultural commodities. All occupants of the housing unit(s) must be agricultural employees. The housing shall be provided by someone other than an agricultural employer, as defined in Section 1140.4 of the Labor Code. Agricultural employee housing is not a business run for profit; it does not differ in any way from a traditional dwelling.

Agricultural Product Processing. The processing of harvested crops to prepare them for on-site marketing or processing and packaging elsewhere. Examples of this land use include the following:

•	alfalfa cubing
•	corn shelling
•	cotton ginning
•	custom grist mills
•	custom milling of flour, feed and grain
•	dairies
•	drying of corn, rice, hay, fruits and vegetables
•	grain cleaning and custom grinding
•	hay baling and cubing
•	hemp cultivation
•	pre-cooling and packaging of fresh or farm-dried fruits and vegetables
•	sorting, grading and packing of fruits and vegetables
•	tree nut hulling and shelling

Alcoholic Beverage Sales. The retail sale of alcoholic beverages for on-site or off-site consumption, including liquor stores, convenience food stores, markets, taverns, bars, restaurants with bars, and beverage tasting facilities that sell alcoholic beverages for off-site consumption. This does not include restaurants, which serve alcoholic beverages as part of a meal, or the sale of alcoholic beverages for off-site consumption as part of a gift basket where the sale of alcohol within a gift basket is clearly incidental to the primary retail gift store use.

Alley. A public or private roadway that provides vehicle access to the rear or side of parcels having other public street frontage, that is not intended for general traffic circulation.

Allowed Use. A use of land identified by Division 2 (Zoning Districts and Allowable Land Uses) as a permitted or conditional use that may be established with land use permit and, where applicable, Design Review and/or Building Permit approval, subject to compliance with all applicable provisions of this Zoning Code.

Alteration. Any construction or physical change in the internal arrangement of rooms or the supporting members of a structure, or a change in the external appearance of any structure, not including painting.

Ancillary. A use that is related but subordinate to the primary or dominant use on the site.

Animal, Domestic. Any animal customarily kept by humans for companionship, including dogs, cats, birds, rabbits, hamsters, mice, turtles and the like. Includes female chickens (hens).

Animal, Exotic. Any species of animal not considered domestic or livestock, including nonpoisonous snakes and lizards, and pot-bellied pigs.

Animal Keeping. See Section 20-42.040 (Animal Keeping).

Animal, Livestock. Any animal customarily kept by humans for the purpose of providing food, clothing or work, including equine, bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine and fowl, but excluding bees.

Apartment. See "Multifamily Dwelling."

Appeal. In the context of City review of a planning permit application, "appeal" means that the review authority may consider and decide upon appeals to the decision of an earlier decision-making body, in compliance with Chapter 20-62 (Appeals).

Applicant. A person who files an application with the City requesting an action in compliance with this Zoning Code who is:

1.	The owner or lessee of property;
2.	A party who has contracted to purchase property contingent upon that party's ability to acquire the necessary approvals required for that action in compliance with this Zoning Code, and who presents written authorization from the property owner to file an application with the City; or
3.	The agent of either of the above who presents written authorization from the property owner to file an application with the City.

Approval. Includes both approval and approval with conditions.

Arborist. (1) A person currently certified by the Western Article of the International Society of Arboriculture as an expert on the care of trees; (2) a consulting arborist who satisfies the requirements of the American Society of Consulting Arborists; or (3) other qualified professionals who the Director determines have gained through experience the qualifications to identify, remove, or replace trees.

Architectural Feature. An exterior building feature including roof, windows, doors, porches, etc.

Artisan/Craft Product Manufacturing. Establishments manufacturing and/or assembling small products primarily by hand, including jewelry, pottery and other ceramics, as well as small glass and metal art and craft products.

Artisan Shop. A retail store selling art glass, ceramics, clothing, jewelry, paintings, sculpture, and other handcrafted items, where the facility includes an area for the crafting of the items being sold.

Assessed Value. The value of a structure as shown in the records of the County Assessor.

Attached. In the case of two structures, joined or connected at any point.

Attic. The area located between the uppermost plate and the roof or ridge of a structure.

Auto and Vehicle Sales/Rental. A retail or wholesale establishment selling and/or renting automobiles, trucks and vans, trailers, motorcycles, and bicycles (bicycle sales are also included under "General Retail"). May also include repair shops and the sales of parts and accessories, incidental to vehicle dealerships. Does not include: the sale of auto parts/accessories separate from a vehicle dealership (see "Auto Parts Sales"); mobile home, recreational vehicle, or watercraft sales (see "Mobile Home, RV and Boat Sales"); tire recapping establishments (see "Vehicle Services"); businesses dealing exclusively in used parts, (see "Recycling—Scrap and Dismantling Yards"); or "Gas Stations," which are separately defined.

Auto Parts Sales. Stores that sell new automobile parts and accessories. Establishments that provide installation services are instead included under "Vehicle Services—Minor Maintenance/Repair." Does not include tire recapping establishments, which are found under "Vehicle Services" or businesses dealing exclusively in used parts, which are included under "Recycling—Scrap and Dismantling Yards."

Auto Repair. See "Vehicle Services."

Automated Teller Machine (ATM). Computerized, self-service machines used by banking customers for financial transactions, including deposits, withdrawals and fund transfers, without face-to-face contact with financial institution personnel. The machines may be located at or within banks, or in other locations.

Average Slope. See "Slope, Average."

Definitions, "B."

Bank, Financial Services. Financial institutions including:

•	banks and trust companies
•	credit agencies
•	holding (but not primarily operating) companies
•	lending and thrift institutions
•	other investment companies
•	securities/commodity contract brokers and dealers
•	security and commodity exchanges
•	vehicle finance (equity) leasing agencies
See also, "Automated Teller Machine."

Bar/Tavern. A business where alcoholic beverages are sold for on-site consumption, which are not part of a larger restaurant. Includes bars, taverns, pubs, and similar establishments where any food service is subordinate to the sale of alcoholic beverages. May also include beer brewing as part of a microbrewery or brew-pub, and other beverage tasting facilities, such as wine or beer tasting rooms. Does not include adult oriented businesses.

Bed and Breakfast Inn (B&B). A dwelling with one or more bedrooms rented for overnight lodging, where meals may be provided subject to applicable Environmental Health Department regulations. Does not include room rental, which is separately defined (see "Rooming or Boarding House").

Block. An area of land defined on all sides by the public realm. See also "Public Realm," "Half-Block.

Brewery—Brew Pub. An establishment that produces ales, beers, meads, hard ciders, and/or similar beverages to serve on-site. Sale of beverages for off-site consumption is also permitted in keeping with the regulations of the Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF). Service of brewed beverages must be in conjunction with the service of food. Brew pubs may not produce more than 15,000 barrels of beverage (all beverage types combined) annually. May include the distribution of beverages for consumption at other sites.

Brewery—Production. An establishment which produces ales, beers, meads, hard ciders, and/or similar beverages on-site. Production Breweries are classified as a use which manufactures more than 15,000 barrels of beverage (all beverage types combined) annually. Breweries may also serve beverages on-site, and sell beverages for off-site consumption in keeping with the regulations of the Alcohol Beverage Control (ABC) and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF). In addition, uses which produce 15,000 barrels of beverage or less, but which do not meet one or more of the additional requirements to be considered a brew pub, are breweries.

Broadcasting Studio. Commercial and public communications use including radio and television broadcasting and receiving stations and studios, with facilities entirely within buildings. Does not include transmission and receiving apparatus, including antennas and towers, which are instead defined under "Telecommunications Facilities."

Building and Landscape Materials Sales. A retail establishment selling hardware, lumber and other large building materials, plant materials, and other landscaping materials. Includes paint, wallpaper, glass, fixtures. Includes all these stores selling to the general public, even if contractor sales account for a major proportion of total sales. Establishments primarily selling electrical, plumbing, heating, and air conditioning equipment and supplies are classified in "Warehouse, Wholesaling and Distribution." Hardware stores are listed in the definition of "General Retail," even if they sell some building materials.

Building Code. The uniform code providing standards for building construction adopted by the City, and as required by State law. For the purposes of this Zoning Code, "Building Code" includes the plumbing, mechanical, electrical, and other construction costs adopted by the City and/or required by State law.

Building Envelope. Where designated, the area of a lot or parcel of real property within which structures must be confined, except fencing and driveways.

Building Footprint. The area of the ground surface occupied by an existing or proposed structure, measured from exterior wall to exterior wall at the base of the structure.

Building Height. See Section 20-30.070 (Height Measurement and Exceptions).

Business Support Service. An establishment within a building that provides services to other businesses. Examples of these services include:

•	blueprinting
•	computer-related services (rental, repair)
•	copying and quick printing services
•	film processing and photofinishing (retail)
•	mail boxes
•	outdoor advertising services
•	protective services (other than office related)
•	security systems services

Definitions, "C."

Cabinet Shop. See "Furniture/Fixtures Manufacturing, Cabinet Shops."

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). State law (California Public Resources Code Sections 21000 et seq.) requiring public agencies to document and consider the environmental effects of a proposed action, prior to allowing the action to occur.

California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). The governmental agency which regulates the terms and conditions of public utilities in the State.

Cannabis. All parts of the plant Cannabis sativa Linnaeus, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis, or any other strain or varietal of the genus Cannabis that may exist or hereafter be discovered or developed that has psychoactive or medicinal properties, whether growing or not, including the seeds thereof. "Cannabis" also means marijuana as defined by Section 11018 of the Health and Safety Code as enacted by Chapter 1407 of the Statutes of 1972, and amended by the California Control, Regulate and Tax Adult Use of Marijuana Initiative, and as defined by other applicable State law. "Cannabis" does not mean "industrial hemp" as defined by Section 11018.5 of the Health and Safety Code. Cannabis is classified as an agricultural product separately from other agricultural crops.

Cannabis or Cannabis Product. Cannabis or a cannabis product, respectfully, intended to be sold for use pursuant to the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 (Proposition 215), found at Section 11362.5 of the Health and Safety Code, by a medical cannabis patient in California who possesses a physician's recommendation; or pursuant to the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (Proposition 64), SB 94 and the Medicinal and Adult Use Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MAUCRSA).

Cannabis Business. An entity engaged in the cultivation, possession, manufacture, distribution, processing, storing, laboratory testing, packaging, labeling, transportation, delivery or sale of cannabis and cannabis products for commercial purposes.

Cannabis Cultivation. Any activity involving the planting, growing, harvesting, drying, curing, grading, or trimming of Medical or Adult Use Cannabis. Includes cannabis nurseries.

Cannabis Distribution. The procurement, sale, and transport of Medical or Adult Use Cannabis and Medical or Adult Use Cannabis Products between Cannabis Businesses.

Cannabis Manufacturing. The production, preparation, propagation, or compounding of medical or adult use cannabis or medical or adult use cannabis products either directly or indirectly or by extraction methods, or independently by mean of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis at a fixed location that packages or repackages medical or adult use cannabis or medical or adult use cannabis products or labels or relabels its container.

Cannabis Manufacturing—Level 1. The processing or manufacturing of medical or adult use cannabis products using nonvolatile solvents, or no solvents. The use of post-extraction ethanol "winterization" is allowed within Cannabis Manufacturing Level 1 only to the extent such use is permitted by the State in a Type 6 license.

Cannabis Manufacturing—Level 2. The processing or manufacturing of medical or adult use cannabis products using volatile solvents. For purposes of this section, "volatile solvents" shall include solvents described in paragraph (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 11362.3 of the Health and Safety Code, or as such section may be amended.

Cannabis Microbusiness. A medical or adult use cannabis cultivation business of less than 10,000 square feet in combination with cannabis distribution, cannabis manufacturing – level 1, and/or cannabis retail (dispensary) and delivery, combined within one State license.

Cannabis Operator or Operator. The person or entity that is engaged in the conduct of any commercial medical or adult use Cannabis Business.

Cannabis Retail. A facility where Medical or Adult Use Cannabis or Medical or Adult Use Cannabis Products are offered, either individually or in any combination, for retail sale, including an establishment that delivers Cannabis or Cannabis Products as part of a retail sale. Also known as a cannabis "dispensary."

Cannabis Testing Laboratory. A laboratory, facility, or entity in the State that offers or performs tests of medical or adult use cannabis or medical or adult use cannabis products and that is both of the following:

(1)	Accredited by an accrediting body that is independent from all other persons involved in commercial cannabis activity in the State.
(2)	Licensed by the Bureau of Cannabis Control.

Caretaker Unit. A permanent residence that is secondary or accessory to the primary use of the property, and used for housing a caretaker employed on the site of any nonresidential use where needed for security purposes or to provide 24-hour care or monitoring of people, plants, animals, equipment, or other conditions on the site.

Carriage House. A secondary residential unit located over a detached garage.

Catering Service. A business that prepares and delivers food for consumption on the premises of a client. Does not include mobile food vendors. See also "Restaurant, Café, Coffee Shop."

Cemetery, Mausoleum, Columbarium. An interment establishment engaged in subdividing property into cemetery lots and offering burial plots or air space for sale. Includes animal cemeteries; cemetery, mausoleum, crematorium and columbarium operations, and full-service mortuaries and funeral parlors accessory to a cemetery or columbarium.

Change of Use. The replacement of an existing use on a lot or parcel, or any portion thereof, by a new use, or a change in the nature of an existing use; but does not include a change of ownership, tenancy, or management associated with a use for which the previous nature of the use will remain substantially unchanged.

Channelized Waterway. Any natural waterway that has been constructed into a vertical wall or trapezoidal sectioned concrete, rip-rap or earthen channel, or combinations thereof, and open at the top, for the purpose of providing flood control and/or improving bank stability.

Chicken. A domestic fowl kept for its eggs or meat, especially a young one.

Child Day Care. See "Day Care."

City. The City of Santa Rosa, State of California, referred to in this Zoning Code as the "City."

City Council. The Santa Rosa City Council, referred to in this Zoning Code as the "Council."

Civic Space. An outdoor area that provides flexible, publicly accessible space for a range of cultural and recreational activities, often in places without enough land for a neighborhood or community park. Civic spaces provide green space to residents living within a one-quarter mile or five-minute walk but do not contribute towards the city parkland standard of 6 acres per 1,000 residents. See Subsection 20-28.100T.4 (Required Civic Space).

Club, Lodge, Private Meeting Hall. Permanent, headquarters-type and meeting facilities for organizations operating on a membership basis for the promotion of the interests of the members, including facilities for:

•	business associations
•	civic, social and fraternal organizations
•	labor unions and similar organizations
•	political organizations
•	professional membership organizations
•	other membership organizations
Includes grange halls and similar facilities.

Comment or Comment Only. In the context of City review of a planning permit application, "Comment Only" means that the participating members of a designated review authority may provide comments regarding the subject proposal if they wish, but shall not take any formal action or make any final decisions.

Commercial Recreation Facility—Indoor. Establishments providing indoor amusement and entertainment services for a fee or admission charge, including:

•	bowling alleys
•	coin-operated amusement arcades
•	dance halls, clubs and ballrooms
•	electronic game arcades (video games, pinball, etc.)
•	ice skating and roller skating
•	pool and billiard rooms as primary uses
This use does not include adult oriented businesses, which are separately defined. Four or more electronic games or coin-operated amusements in any establishment, or a premises where 50 percent or more of the floor area is occupied by amusement devices, are considered an electronic game arcade as described above; three or fewer machines are not considered a land use separate from the primary use of the site.

Commercial Recreation Facility—Outdoor. A facility for various outdoor recreational activities, where a fee is charged for use. Examples include:

•	amusement and theme parks
•	go-cart tracks
•	golf driving ranges
•	miniature golf courses
•	water slides
May also include commercial facilities customarily associated with the above outdoor commercial recreational uses, including bars and restaurants, video game arcades, etc.

Commercial Zoning District. Any of the commercial zoning districts established by Section 20-20.020 (Zoning Map and Zoning Districts).

Commissary. A County of Sonoma Environmental Health & Safety and City-approved food facility that services Mobile Food Facilities or vending machines where any of the following occur:

1.	Food, containers, or supplies are stored.
2.	Food is prepared or prepackaged for sale or service at other locations.
3.	Utensils and equipment are cleaned.
4.	Liquid and solid wastes are disposed, or potable water is obtained.

Community Care Facility. A facility, place, or building that is maintained and operated to provide non-medical residential care, which may include home finding and other services, for children and/or adults, including: the physically handicapped; mentally impaired, mentally disordered, or incompetent; developmentally disabled; court wards and dependents; neglected or emotionally disturbed children; the addicted; and the aged. Notwithstanding the above, end of life care, including palliative care, shall be allowed at senior care facilities.

Community Center. A multi-purpose meeting and recreational facility typically consisting of one or more meeting or multi-purpose rooms, kitchen and/or outdoor barbecue facilities, that are available for use by various groups for such activities as meetings, parties, receptions, dances, etc.

Conditioned Space. Space within a building that is heated and/or cooled to support habitation.

Condominium. As defined by Civil Code Section 2015, a development where undivided interest in common in a portion of real property is coupled with a separate interest in space called a unit, the boundaries of which are described on a recorded final snap or parcel map. Residential Condominiums are included under the definition "Multifamily Dwelling."

Conference/Convention Facility. One or more structures accommodating multiple assembly, meeting, and/or exhibit rooms, and related support facilities (e.g., kitchens, offices, etc.).

Construction Contractor. Office, and indoor and/or outdoor storage facilities operated by, or on behalf of a contractor licensed by the State of California for storage of large equipment, vehicles, and/or other materials commonly used in the individual contractor's type of business; storage of scrap materials used for repair and maintenance of contractor's own equipment; and buildings or structures for uses such as repair facilities.

Construction/Heavy Equipment Sales and Rental. Retail establishments selling or renting construction, farm, or other heavy equipment. Examples include cranes, earth moving equipment, tractors, combines, heavy trucks, etc.

Convenience Store. A type of general retail store which carries a range of merchandise oriented to convenience and/or travelers' shopping needs.

Coop. The house or cage of sufficient size that provides overnight shelter and security for hens.

Cottage Food Operation (CFO). An enterprise at a private home where specific low-risk food products that do not require refrigeration are made or repacked for sale to consumers.

County. The County of Sonoma, State of California.

Crop Production, Horticulture, Orchard, Vineyard. Commercial agricultural production field and orchard uses, including the production of the following, primarily in the soil on the site and not in containers, other than for initial propagation prior to planting in the soil on the site:

•	field crops
•	flowers and seeds
•	fruits
•	grains
•	melons
•	ornamental crops
•	tree nuts
•	trees and sod
•	vegetables
•	wine and table grapes

Also includes associated crop preparation services and harvesting activities: mechanical soil preparation; irrigation system construction; spraying. Does not include greenhouses which are instead defined under "Plant Nursery," and "Residential Accessory Use or Structure," or containerized crop production, which is instead defined under "Plant Nursery."

Definitions, "D."

Damaged Property. A parcel that contains damage, debris, and/or other hazardous material resulting from a Hazard. These sites are not eligible for construction and habitation until they are considered an Eligible Property. Damage may be verified by Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) registration, a damage assessment by a licensed professional, or another means as determined by the Chief Building Official or their designee.

Day Care. Facilities that provide non-medical care and supervision of minor children for periods of less than 24 hours. These facilities include the following, all of which are required to be licensed by the California State Department of Social Services.

1.	Child Day Care Center. Commercial or non-profit child day care facilities designed and approved to accommodate 15 or more children. Includes infant centers, preschools, sick-child centers, and school-age day care facilities. These may be operated in conjunction with a school or church facility, or as an independent land use.
2.	Large Family Day Care Home. As provided by Health and Safety Code Section 1597.465, a home that regularly provides care, protection, and supervision for seven to 14 children, inclusive, including children under the age of 10 years who reside in the home.
3.	Small Family Day Care Home. As provided by Health and Safety Code Section 1597.44, a home that provides family day care for eight or fewer children, including children under the age of 10 years who reside in the home.
4.	Adult Day Care Facility. A day care facility providing care and supervision for adult clients.

Decision. In the context of City review of a planning permit application, "decision" means that the review authority makes the final decision on the matter.

Delivery of Cannabis. The commercial transfer of Cannabis or Cannabis Products to a primary caregiver or qualified patient as defined in Section 11362.7 of the Health and Safety Code as Medical Cannabis; or as defined pursuant to the Adult Use of Marijuana Act (Proposition 64), SB 94 and the Medicinal and Adult Use Cannabis Regulation and Safety Act (MAUCRSA). "Delivery" also includes the use of any technology platform owned and controlled by a Cannabis Business Operator that enables qualified patients or primary caregivers or adult use customers to arrange for or facilitate the commercial transfer by a permitted Cannabis Retail facility.

Density. The number of housing units per acre, unless otherwise stated, for residential uses.

Density Bonus. As defined by state law (Government Code Section 65915 et seq.), an increase over the maximum density otherwise allowed by the applicable zoning district, that is granted to the owner/developer of a housing project who agrees to construct a prescribed percentage of dwelling units that are affordable to households of very low and/or low income. When determining the number of dwelling units that shall be affordable, the units authorized by the density bonus shall not be included in the calculation.

Design Guidelines. The City of Santa Rosa Design Guidelines, as adopted by the City Council.

Design Site. A design site is a portion of land within a project site that is delineated from other design sites to accommodate a single primary structure or building type. Design sites are considered lots for the purpose of applying development standards, though legal subdivision is not required. A design site is designated as a corner, flag, interior, key, reverse corner, or through design site according to the same criteria that would apply to a lot in the same location. A single legally defined lot or parcel may contain multiple design sites. See also "Lot, or Parcel."

Design Site Line. A segment of the perimeter of a design site.

1.	Design Site Line, Front.
	a.	In the case of an interior, key, or flag design site, any design site line that abuts the street or public realm;
	b.	In the case of a corner design site, the shortest design site line that abuts a street or public realm, or all such design site lines if measurements are equal;
	c.	In the case of a through design site, each design site line that abuts a street or public realm.
2.	Design Site Line, Rear.
	a.	In the case of an interior, key, flag, or corner design site with only one front design site line, the design site line furthest from the front design site line.
	b.	In the case of a through design site or any other design site with more than one front design site line, none of the design site lines are rear design site lines.
3.	Design Site Line, Side Street. In the case of a corner design site, any design site line that abuts a street or public realm and is not a front design site line.
4.	Design Site Line, Side. Any design site line that is not a front, rear, or side street design site line.

Figure 7-1 – Design Site Lines

Department. The City of Santa Rosa Community Development Department, referred to in this Zoning Code as the "Department."

Development. Any construction activity or alteration of the landscape, its terrain contour or vegetation, including the erection or alteration of structures. New development is any construction, or alteration of an existing structure or land use, or establishment of a land use, after the effective date of this Zoning Code.

Development Agreement. A contract between the City and an applicant for a development project, in compliance with the City Code, and Government Code Sections 65864 et seq. A development agreement is intended to provide assurance to the applicant that an approved project may proceed subject to the policies, rules, regulations, and conditions of approval applicable to the project at the time of approval, regardless of any changes to City policies, rules, and regulations after project approval. In return, the City may be assured that the applicant will provide infrastructure and/or pay fees required by a new project.

Diameter of a Tree. Trunk diameter measured at 4.5 feet above the ground.

Director. The City of Santa Rosa Director of Community Development, or designee of the Director.

Discretionary Permit, or Project. A City land use review and entitlement process where the review authority exercises discretion in deciding to approve or disapprove the permit. Includes Minor Conditional Use Permits, Conditional Use Permits, Minor Variances, Variances, Design Review approval, and Subdivision Maps.

Diseased Tree. A tree afflicted by, but not limited to, any of the following: insect infestation, heart rot, exfoliation, slime flux, crown rot, leaf scorch, root fungus, structural defects or weaknesses.

Displaced Person. A City of Santa Rosa resident, residing at a legal residential dwelling, who has been displaced as a result of a Hazard as defined by the Zoning Code. A resident is no longer a Displaced Person once they have begun residing in a new Primary Residence.

District. See "Zoning District."

Domestic Animal. See "Animal, Domestic."

Drip Line. A line that may be drawn on the ground around a tree directly under its outermost branch tips and which identifies that location where rainwater tends to drip from the trees. When depicted on a map, the drip line will appear as an irregular shaped circle that follows the contour of the tree's branches as seen from overhead.

Drive-Through Retail Sales or Services. A facility where food or other products may be purchased, or where services may be obtained by motorists without leaving their vehicles. Examples of drive-through sales facilities include fast-food restaurants, drive-through coffee, dairy product, photo stores, pharmacies, etc. Examples of drive-through service facilities include drive-through bank teller windows, dry cleaners, etc., but do not include automated teller machines (ATMs), gas stations or other vehicle services, which are separately defined.

Duplex. A multifamily dwelling 2-plex unit structure, as referenced by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). See "Multifamily Dwelling."

Dwelling, Dwelling Unit, or Housing Unit. A room or group of internally connected rooms that have sleeping, cooking, eating, and sanitation facilities, but not more than one kitchen, which constitute an independent housekeeping unit, occupied by or intended for one household on a long-term basis.

Definitions, "E."

Easement. A grant of one or more of the property rights by the property owner to and/or for the use by the public, a corporation or another person or entity.

Eave. The edge of the roof that overhangs the face of the adjoining wall.

Edible Cannabis Product. A cannabis product that is intended to be used, in whole or in part, for human consumption, including, but not limited to, chewing gum, but excluding products set forth in Division 15 (commencing with Section 32501) of the Food and Agricultural Code. An edible cannabis product is not considered food, as defined by Section 109935 of the Health and Safety Code, or a drug, as defined by Section 109925 of the Health & Safety Code.

Efficiency Unit. A separate living space with a minimum floor area of 150 square feet intended for occupancy by no more than two persons, which contains partial kitchen and bathroom facilities. For the purposes of this Zoning Code, efficiency unit has the same meaning as Section 17958.1 of the Health and Safety Code.

Electric Vehicle Sales. A retail establishment selling electric vehicles, where the vehicles on site consist of display models and already purchased and shipped vehicles for pick up only. This use also includes associated major and minor vehicle maintenance/repair to service the make of electric vehicle being sold on site.

Electronic Smoking Device. An electronic and/or battery-operated device, the use of which may resemble smoking, which can be used to deliver an inhaled dose of nicotine or other substances. "Electronic smoking device" includes any such electronic smoking device, whether manufactured, distributed, marketed, or sold as an electronic cigarette, an electronic cigar, an electronic cigarillo, an electronic pipe, an electronic hookah, or any other product name or descriptor. "Electronic smoking device" does not include any product specifically approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in the mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Electronic vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). EVSE refers to electric vehicle charging stations and all of the necessary infrastructure and components. When equipment is proposed as part of a larger proposed or existing development, it is considered an accessory use. If a project consists entirely of charging stations, it is considered a primary use.

Eligible Property. A parcel that has been affected by a Hazard but which no longer contains damage, debris, or other hazardous materials resulting from a Hazard. A Damaged Property will become an Eligible Property once the Chief Building Official has determined that the parcel has been cleaned to be ready for construction pursuant to applicable requirements from the Building Division, Engineering Division, Fire Department, other applicable City departments, and other government agencies. A parcel is no longer considered an Eligible Property once a Primary Structure has been constructed, has received final building permit inspections, and has been granted occupancy.

Emergency Shelter. Housing with minimal supportive services for homeless persons that is limited to occupancy of six months or less by a homeless person.

Entrance. An opening, including, but not limited to, a door, passage, or gate, that allows access to a building.

Entrance, Primary. The opening located within the primary building frontage that allows access to a building directly from the public realm.

Environmental Impact Report (EIR). An informational document used to assess the physical characteristics of an area and to determine what effects will result if the area is altered by a proposed action, prepared in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

Equestrian Facility. A commercial facility for horses, donkeys, and/or mules, examples of which include horse ranches, boarding stables, riding schools and academies, horse exhibition facilities (for shows or other competitive events), and barns, stables, corrals and paddocks accessory and incidental to these uses. Does not include the simple pasturing of horses, donkeys, and/or mules for personal use, which is instead included under "Animal Keeping" as regulated by Section 20-42.040.

Equipment Rental. A service establishment that may offer a wide variety of household and business equipment, furniture, and materials for rental. Does not include construction equipment rental, which is separately defined.

Exotic Animal. See "Animal, Exotic."

Extended Hours of Operation. Any business that is open to the public between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. such as retail, recreation, or other service.

Definitions, "F."

Facade. The exterior wall of a building. See "Building Frontage."

Facade Zone. The area between the minimum and maximum setback lines along the front of a design site and along the side street of a corner design site where the building facade is required to be placed. The zone standards identify the minimum amount of facade to be placed in the facade zone. See Subsection 20-28.100.I.i (Primary Building Within Facade Zone) for measurement method.

Family. An individual, or two or more persons, related by blood, marriage, or adoption; a group of unrelated persons which if numbering five or more persons, must be living together as a group in a dwelling unit, using common cooking facilities and as a group bear the generic characteristics of a family as a relatively permanent household.

Farm Supply and Feed Store. A retail business selling supplies for use in soil preparation and maintenance, the planting and harvesting of crops, the keeping and raising of farm animals, and other operations and processes pertaining to farming and ranching. Does not include the sale, rental, or repair of farm machinery and equipment, which is instead included in the definition of "Construction/Heavy Equipment Sales and Rental."

Feasible. Capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within a reasonable period of time, taking into account economic, environmental, social and technological factors.

Floor Area. The entire area within the walls of a building, measured in a horizontal plane from the outside edge of exterior wall to exterior wall, in square feet; also known as "gross floor area."

Fowl. Includes hens and other edible or game birds used as food or hunted for sport, e.g., a goose or pheasant.

Front Street. In the context of a design site or building type, the street or public realm located along the front design site line.

Frontage.

1.	Frontage, Private. The components of a building that provide the transition and interface between the public realm and the private realm. See Subsection 20-28.100.E (Frontage Types) for frontage type standards that regulate these components. See also "Private Realm," "Public Realm."

Fuel Dealer. A retail trade establishment that sells fuel oil, butane, propane and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), bottled or in bulk, to consumers.

Funeral Home. See "Mortuary, Funeral Home."

Furniture/Fixtures Manufacturing, Cabinet Shop. Manufacturers producing: wood and metal household furniture and appliances; bedsprings and mattresses; all types of office furniture and public building furniture and partitions, shelving, lockers and store furniture; and miscellaneous drapery hardware, window blinds and shades. Includes furniture re-upholstering businesses, wood and cabinet shops, but not sawmills or planing mills, which are instead included under "Manufacturing/Processing—Heavy."

Furniture, Furnishings, Appliance/Equipment Store. A store that primarily sells the following products and related services, that may also provide incidental repair services:

•	computers and computer equipment
•	draperies
•	floor coverings
•	furniture
•	glass and chinaware
•	home appliances
•	home furnishings
•	home sound systems
•	interior decorating materials and services
•	large musical instruments
•	lawn furniture
•	movable spas and hot tubs
•	office furniture
•	other household electrical and gas appliances
•	outdoor furniture
•	refrigerators
•	stoves
•	televisions and home theater systems

Definitions, "G."

Garage, or Carport. Parking space and shelter for automobiles or other vehicles, where the size of the parking space complies with the provisions of Chapter 20-36 (Parking and Loading).

1.	A garage is an attached or detached accessory structure with a door, enclosed on at least three sides.
2.	A carport is an attached or detached accessory structure enclosed on no more than two sides. A garage or carport complies with the requirements of this Zoning Code for "covered" parking spaces.

Gas Station. A retail business selling gasoline and/or other motor vehicle fuels derived from fossil fuels (e.g., petroleum, coal, natural gas), and related products.

General Plan. The City of Santa Rosa General Plan, including all its elements and all amendments thereto, as adopted by the City Council in compliance with Government Code Section 65300 et seq., and referred to in this Zoning Code as the "General Plan."

General Retail. Stores and shops selling many lines of merchandise. Examples of these stores and lines of merchandise include:

•	antique stores
•	art galleries, retail
•	art supplies, including framing services
•	auction rooms
•	bicycles
•	books, magazines, and newspapers
•	cameras and photographic supplies
•	clothing, shoes, and accessories
•	collectibles (cards, coins, comics, stamps, etc.)
•	convenience stores
•	department stores
•	drug stores and pharmacies
•	dry goods
•	fabrics and sewing supplies
•	florists and houseplant stores (indoor sales only—outdoor sales are "Building and Landscape Materials Sales")
•	hardware stores
•	hobby materials
•	industrial hemp derived products
•	jewelry
•	luggage and leather goods
•	musical instruments, parts and accessories
•	optics (prescription glasses, sunglasses, etc.)
•	orthopedic supplies
•	recreation equipment, bicycle and kayak rentals
•	religious goods
•	small wares
•	specialty shops, including specialty food shops such as seafood or meat markets, retail bakeries, and similar uses
•	sporting goods and equipment
•	stationery
•	toys and games
•	variety stores
See also "Furniture, Furnishings, Appliance/Equipment Store."

Glazing. The transparent portion of window(s) and/ or door(s).

Golf Course, Country Club. Golf courses, and accessory facilities and uses including: clubhouses with bar and restaurant, locker and shower facilities; driving ranges; "pro shops" for on-site sales of golfing equipment; and golf cart storage and sales facilities.

Grade. The ground surface immediately adjacent to the exterior base of a structure, typically used as the basis for measurement of the height of the structure.

Greenhouse. A permanent enclosed structure for the propagation and growing of plants, constructed with a translucent roof and/or walls.

Green (Living) Wall. A façade or wall incorporating a vertical system for growing live plants that is attached to an existing wall or built as a freestanding structure. Live plants include a wide range of vegetative materials – ground covers, succulents, perennial flowers, edible plants, vines, climbing plants, etc.

Grocery Store. A retail or wholesale store that primarily sells food, including canned and frozen foods, fresh fruits and vegetables, and fresh (raw) and prepared meats, fish, and poultry.

Large stores are defined as 20,000 square feet in size or greater. Also includes a grocery store use located within a larger format retail store where an area 20,000 square feet in size or greater is primarily devoted to the sale of food.

Small stores are defined as less than 20,000 square feet in size. Also includes a grocery store use located within a larger format retail store where an area less than 20,000 square feet in size is primarily devoted to the sale of food.

Gross Floor Area. See "Floor Area."

Guest House. A detached structure accessory to a single-family dwelling, accommodating living/sleeping quarters, but without kitchen or cooking facilities. A guest house does not constitute an independent housekeeping unit, occupied by or intended for one household, on a long term basis.

Definitions, "H."

Habitable Space. Conditioned space within a dwelling unit or guest house for living, sleeping, eating, or cooking (including closets, bathrooms, entries, and hallways), or conditioned space occupied by a non-residential use that is accessible to the public and/or regular users of the building.

Half-Block. An area of land defined on one or more sides by the public realm, and on the remaining side(s) by property line(s) separating the development site from other private land. See also "Public Realm," "Block."

Half-Plex. Two single family attached units, referenced by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). See "Single Family Attached."

Hazard. An event from the physical environment or non-self-inflicted human made phenomena that causes harm and damage to residents, property, structures, and/or activities within the City limits of Santa Rosa. Hazards include but are not limited to all atmospheric (chemical vapors, toxic fumes, soot), hydrologic (flooding, tsunamis, hurricanes, atmospheric rivers), geologic hazards (seismic activity, earthquakes, volcanic activity), biological contamination (infectious disease), climate hazards (drought, heatwaves), natural hazards (lightning, landslides, fire, wildfire) and chemical contamination (heavy metals, organic pollutants).

Health/Fitness Facility. (Does not include adult entertainment businesses.)

Commercial. A commercial, for profit, fitness center, gymnasium, health and athletic club, which may include any of the following: sauna, spa or hot tub facilities; indoor tennis, handball, racquetball, archery and shooting ranges and other indoor sports activities.

Quasi-Public. A not-for-profit fitness center, gymnasium, health and athletic club, which may include any of the following: sauna, spa or hot tub facilities; weight training facilities; swimming pools; exercise pools; basketball, handball, racquetball, and/or other sport courts; meeting rooms and related facilities; and which would provide on-site as well as outreach community activities such as, but not limited to day care, camps, educational assistance programs, swimming instruction and/or other fitness programs.

Height.

1.	Height, Overall. See Section 20-30.070 (Height Measurement and Exceptions).
2.	Height, Top of Parapet. The vertical distance between adjacent finished grade and the top of the parapet of the primary building. See Subsection 20-28.100.I.2.e (Height to Highest Eave/Top of Parapet).
3.	Height, Highest Eave. The vertical distance between adjacent finished grade and the highest eave of the primary building. The measurement is to bottom of the eave assembly. See Subsection 20-28.100.I.2.e (Height to Highest Eave/Top of Parapet).

Hemp. A crop that is limited to types of the plant Cannabis sativa L. having no more than three-tenths of one percent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) contained in the dried flowering tops, whether growing or not; the seeds of the plant; the resin extracted from any part of the plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds or resin product therefrom.

Hen. Female chicken; includes juveniles and adults.

Historic and Cultural Preservation. The following terms and phrases are defined for the purposes of Section 20-28.040 (Historic Combining District) and Chapter 20-58 (Historic and Cultural Preservation).
1.	Addition. New construction added to an existing building.
2.	Alteration. Work which impacts any exterior architectural feature, including construction, reconstruction, removal, or demolition of any building or building element.
3.	Architectural Details. The smaller design elements that help define a structure's character, such as a fanlight.
4.	California Register of Historic Places. As defined in California Public Resources Code Section 5020.1 and in California Code of Regulations Title 14 Chapter 11.5, Section 4850 et seq.
5.	Character Defining Features. Architectural features of a structure that define its character, such as siding, windows, decorative trim, roof shapes and materials, or a porch.
6.	Contributor. A contributing property is a building, structure, site, feature or object located within a designated preservation district that embodies the significant physical characteristics and features, or adds to the historical associations, historic architectural qualities or archaeological values identified for the historic district, and was present during the period of significance, relates to the documented significance of the property, and possesses historic integrity or is capable of yielding important information about the period.
7.	Decorative Features. Decorative as opposed to structural design elements that help define a structure's character, such as decorative boarding on the second story or decorative shingles in the gables.
8.	Demolition. The removal of 50 percent or more of the exterior walls and interior structural elements, which support the exterior walls, roof, or exterior elements of a historic resource. Demolition does not include either:
	a.	The removal and replacement in kind of deteriorated, non-repairable materials required for the restoration or rehabilitation of a historic resource (resulting in no change to its exterior appearance or historic character); or
	b.	Removal of non-historic features or additions that may exist on a historic resource.
9.	Feature or Characteristic. A fixture, component or appurtenance attached to, contiguous with or otherwise related to a structure or property including landscaping, setbacks, distinguishing aspects, roof attributes, overlays, moldings, sculptures, fountains, light fixtures, windows and monuments. May include historically and/or architecturally significant interior areas that are accessible to or made available to the public, including, but not limited to: areas commonly used as public spaces such as lobbies, meeting rooms, gathering rooms, public hallways, or similar spaces. Interior areas that generally are not accessible to or made available to the public, but which occasionally may be visited by business invitees or members of the public including those on a tour of a facility, do not constitute a "feature or characteristic."
10.	Landscape Feature or Characteristic. One or more trees or other vegetation, rocks, walls, and/or other exterior feature of a site that contributes to historical significance and/or is representative of, or evokes the time period, community or neighborhood character or appearance of a specific time period.
11.	Historic Resource. Includes any of the following:
	a.	A resource listed in or determined by the State Historical Resources Commission to be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historic Places;
	b.	A resource included in the local register of historic resources as defined in Public Resources Code Section 5020.1(k) or identified as significant in an historic resources survey meeting the requirements of Public Resources Code Section 5024.1(g), which is presumed to be historically or culturally significant unless the preponderance of evidence demonstrates otherwise;
	c.	A resource listed in or determined to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; and/or
	d.	Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript that the City determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic agricultural, education, social, political, military, or cultural annals of Santa Rosa, may be considered to be historically significant.
		Criteria for evaluating significance and integrity shall include location, design, setting materials, workmanship, feeling and association along with one of the following: (i) the resource is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history and cultural heritage; (ii) is associated with the lives of persons important in our past; (iii) embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values; (iv) has yielded or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
		The fact that a resource is not listed in or has not yet been determined to be eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources not listed in the Official Register, or identified in a historic resources survey does not preclude a lead agency from determining that the resource may be a Historic Resource as defined in Public Resources Code Section 5020.1(j) or 5024.1.
12.	Landmark. A landmark is any site, including significant trees or other significant permanent landscaping located on a site, and/or a place, building, structure, street, street furniture, sign, work of art, natural feature or other object having a specific historical, archaeological, cultural or architectural value in the City, and which has been designated a landmark by the Council.
13.	Neglect. Failure to prevent or correct any deterioration of or damage to a structure or any part thereof and failure to restore the structure or part thereof to its condition prior to the occurrence of such deterioration or damage.
14.	Non-Contributor. A non-contributing property is any building, structure, site, feature, or object located within a designated preservation district that which does not add to the historical integrity or architectural qualities that make the district historically significant.
15.	Preservation district. A preservation district is an area within the City having historical significance or representing one or more architectural periods or styles typical to the history of the City, that has been designated a preservation district by the Council.
16.	Qualified Professional - Historic Resource Survey/Evaluation. The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties establishes professional qualification standards for the preparation of historic surveys and evaluations. The qualifications, summarized below, define minimum education and experience required to identify, evaluate, register, and develop treatment activities related to historic resources:
	•	History: Bachelor's or graduate degree in history or closely related field, and either two years of full time experience, or substantial contribution to the field of history through research and publication.
	•	Archaeology: Graduate degree in archaeology, anthropology, or closely related field, and all of the following:
		a.	One year of full time professional experience;
		b.	Four months of supervised field and analytic experience; and
		c.	Demonstrated ability to complete research. In addition, a professional in prehistoric archeology shall have at least one year of full-time professional experience at a supervisory level in the study of archeological resources of the prehistoric period. A professional in historic archeology shall have at least one year of full-time professional experience at a supervisory level in the study of archeological resources of the historic period.
	•	Architectural History: Bachelor's or graduate degree in architectural history, art history, historic preservation or closely related field, and either two years of experience in research, writing and teaching, or substantial contribution to the field through research and publication.
	•	Architecture: Professional degree in architecture, and either two years of full time experience, or State architecture license.
	•	Historic Architecture: Professional degree in historic architecture or State architecture license, and either one year of graduate study in architectural preservation, or one year of full time professional experience. Such study or experience shall include detailed investigations of historic structures, preparation of historic structures research reports, and preparation of plans and specifications for preservation projects.
17.	Rehabilitation. The process of returning a property to a state of utility through repair or alteration which makes possible an efficient contemporary use while preserving those portions and features of the property which are significant to its historic, architectural, and cultural values.
18.	Renovation. The process of repairing and changing an existing building for modern use, so that it is functionally equal to a new building. May include major changes.
19.	Restoration. The process or product of returning, as nearly as possible, an existing site or building to its condition at a particular time in history, using the same construction materials and methods as the original where possible. May include removing later additions, making hidden repairs, and replacing missing period work.
20.	Secretary of The Interior's Standards. The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (36 CFR Part 67), with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring and Reconstructing Historic Buildings.
21.	Streetscape. The relationship of the street, landscaping, and historic resources as seen by the eye from public vantage points, such as a street or sidewalk.

Home Occupation. The conduct of a business within a dwelling unit or residential site, employing only the occupants of the dwelling, with the business activity being subordinate to the residential use of the property.

Hotel or Motel. A facility with guest rooms or suites, with or without kitchen facilities, rented to the general public for transient lodging. Hotels typically include a variety of services in addition to lodging; for example, restaurants, meeting facilities, personal services, etc. Also includes accessory guest facilities such as swimming pools, tennis courts, indoor athletic facilities, accessory retail uses, etc.

Hours of Operation. Normal business hours are between 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.; transitional business hours are between 6:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m.; and extended business hours are between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., the following morning.

Household Pets. The keeping/raising of birds, cats, dogs, or other common household pets, as determined by the Director, accessory to a residential use.

Housing Development Project. (1) Residential units only; (2) Mixed-use developments consisting of residential and nonresidential uses with at least two-thirds of the square footage designated for residential use; or (3) Transitional housing or supportive housing.

Definitions, "I."

Industrial Use. A use listed by the tables in Division 2 (Zoning Districts and Allowable Land Uses) under "Industry, Manufacturing, Processing & Wholesaling."

Industrial Zoning District. Any of the industrial zoning districts established by Section 20-20.020 (Zoning Map and Zoning Districts).

Initial Crop Processing. The cleaning, grading, packing, and similar processing of otherwise unprocessed agricultural produce yields in the field, or on the same site, at the time of harvest, incidental to the farming activity that is the primary use of the site.

Intensification of Use. A change in the use of a structure or site, where the new use is required by this Zoning Code to have more off-street parking spaces than the former use; or a change in the operating characteristics of a use (for example, hours of operation), which generates more activity on the site.

Definitions, "J."

Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit. A unit that is no more than 500 square feet in size and contained entirely within a single-family residence. A junior accessory dwelling unit shall include an efficiency kitchen, and may include separate sanitation facilities, or may share sanitation facilities with the existing structure.

Definitions, "K."

Kennel, Animal Boarding. A commercial facility for the grooming, keeping, boarding or maintaining of five or more dogs (four months of age or older), or five or more cats except for dogs or cats for sale in pet shops, or patients in animal hospitals. See also "Medical Service—Veterinary Clinic, Animal Hospital."

Kitchen. A room or space within a building used or intended to be used for the cooking or preparation of food, which includes any of the following: refrigerator, stove, oven, range top, dishwasher, kitchen sink.

Definitions, "L."

Laboratory—Medical, Analytical. A facility for testing, analysis, and/or research. Examples of this use include medical labs, soils and materials testing labs, and forensic labs.

Land Use. The purpose for which land or a structure is designed, arranged, intended, occupied, or maintained.

Land Use Permit. Authority granted by the City to use a specified site for a particular purpose. "Land Use Permit" includes Minor Conditional Use Permits, Conditional Use Permits, Temporary Use Permits, Minor Variances, Variances, Design Review, and Zoning Clearances, as established by Division 5 (Land Use and Development Permit Procedures) of this Zoning Code.

Large Family Day Care Home. See "Day Care Facilities."

Laundry, Dry Cleaning Plant. A service establishment engaged primarily in high volume laundry and garment services, including: carpet and upholstery cleaners; diaper services; dry cleaning and garment pressing; commercial laundries; linen supply. These facilities may include accessory customer pick-up facilities. These facilities do not include coin-operated laundries or dry cleaning pick-up stores without dry cleaning equipment; see "Personal Services."

Library, Museum. A public or quasi-public facility, examples of which include: aquariums, arboretums, art galleries and exhibitions, botanical gardens, historic sites and exhibits, libraries, museums, planetariums, and zoos. May also include accessory retail uses such as a gift/book shop, restaurant, etc.

Livable space. A space in a dwelling intended for human habitation, including living, sleeping, eating, cooking, or sanitation.

Livestock. See "Animal, Livestock."

Live/Work and Work/Live Units. An integrated housing unit and working space, occupied and utilized by a single household in a structure, either single-family or multi-family, that has been designed or structurally modified to accommodate joint residential occupancy and work activity, and which includes:

1.	Complete kitchen space and sanitary facilities in compliance with the City building code; and
2.	Working space reserved for and regularly used by one or more occupants of the unit.

The difference between live/work and work/live units is that the "work" component of a live/work unit is secondary to its residential use, and may include only commercial activities and pursuits that are compatible with the character of a quiet residential environment, while the work component of a work/live unit is the primary use, to which the residential component is secondary.

Located Within One-Half Mile of a Major Transit Stop. For the purpose of transit priority projects, a project is considered to be within one-half mile of a Major Transit Stop or high-quality transit corridor if all parcels within the project have no more than 25 percent of their area further than one-half mile from the stop or corridor and if not more than 10 percent of the residential units or 100 units, whichever is less, in the project are farther than one-half mile from the stop or corridor. For Density Bonus projects, see Section 20-31.020 for definition.

Lot Area. Gross lot area is the total area included within the lot lines of a lot, exclusive of adjacent dedicated street rights of way. Net lot area is the gross area of the lot, exclusive of:

1.	Easements for streets or driveways that are not for the exclusive use of the lot on which the easement is located;
2.	The access strip required to serve a flag lot.

Lot, or Parcel. A recorded lot or parcel of real property under single ownership, lawfully created as required by applicable Subdivision Map Act and City ordinance requirements, including this Zoning Code. Types of lots include the following. See Figure 7-1 (Lot Types).

1.	Corner Lot. A lot located at the intersection of two or more streets, where they intersect at an interior angle of not more than 205 degrees. If the intersection angle is more than 205 degrees, the lot is considered an interior lot.
2.	Flag Lot. A lot having access from the building site to a public street by means of private right-of-way strip.
3.	Interior Lot. A lot abutting only one street.
4.	Key Lot. An interior lot, the front of which adjoins the side property line of a corner lot.
5.	Reverse Corner Lot. A corner lot, the rear of which abuts a key lot.
6.	Through Lot. A lot with frontage on two generally parallel streets.

Figure 7-1 – Lot Types

Lot Coverage. See "Site Coverage."

Lot Depth. The average linear distance between the front and the rear lot lines or the intersection of the two side lot lines if there is no rear line. See Figure 7-2 (Lot Features). The Director shall determine lot depth for parcels of irregular configuration.

Lot Frontage. The boundary of a lot adjacent to a public street right-of-way.

Figure 7-2 – Lot Features

Lot Line or Property Line. Any recorded boundary of a lot. Types of lot lines are as follows (see Figure 7-2 (Lot Features)):

1.	Front Lot Line. On an interior lot, the property line separating the parcel from the street. The front lot line on a corner lot is the line with the shortest frontage. (If the street-fronting lot lines of a corner lot are equal in length, the front lot line shall be determined by the Director.) On a through lot, both lot lines are front lot lines and the lot is considered to have no rear lot line.
2.	Interior Lot Line. Any lot line not abutting a street.
3.	Rear Lot Line. A property line that does not intersect the front lot line, which is most distant from and most closely parallel to the front lot line.
4.	Side Lot Line. Any lot line that is not a front or rear lot line.

Lot Width. The horizontal distance between the side lot lines, measured at right angles to the lot depth at a point midway between the front and rear lot lines. See Figure 7-3 (Lot Features). The Director shall determine lot width for parcels of irregular shape.

Lower Income Households. Lower income households mean persons and families whose income does not exceed the qualifying limits for lower income families as established and amended from time to time pursuant to Section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937. Lower income households include very low-income households (50 percent of area median income) and extremely low-income households (30 percent of area median income).

Definitions, "M."

Main Body. The primary massing volume of a primary building, exceeding all attached volumes in height and/or depth. See Subsection 20-28.100.I.2 (Methodology. Measurement of dimensions) for measurement method. See also "Wing."

Maintenance Service, Client Site Services. Base facilities for various businesses that provide services on the premises of their clients. Includes gardening, janitorial, pest control, water and smoke damage recovery, and similar services; and appliance, computer, electronics, elevator, equipment, HVAC, instrument, plumbing, and other maintenance and repair services not operating from a retail establishment that sells the products being maintained or repaired. When these services operate from a retail establishment that sells the products being maintained or repaired, they are instead considered part of the retail use.

Major Transit Stop. Major Transit Stop is a site containing either of the following: (1) an existing rail or bus rapid transit station; or (2) the intersection of two or more major bus routes with a frequency of service interval of 15 minutes or less during the morning and afternoon peak commute periods.

Manufactured Home. A transportable structure which in the traveling mode is eight feet or more in width and 40 feet or more in length and is a minimum of 320 square feet and which is built on a permanent chassis and is designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation. For the purposes of this Zoning Code, manufactured home has the same meaning as Section 18007 of the Health and Safety Code.

Manufacturing/Processing—Heavy. A facility accommodating manufacturing processes that involve and/or produce basic metals, building materials, chemicals, fabricated metals, paper products, machinery, textiles, and/or transportation equipment, where the intensity and/or scale of operations may cause significant impacts on surrounding land uses or the community. Heavy manufacturing uses are not allowed within the City of Santa Rosa except where limited varieties are included under the definition of "Manufacturing—Intensive." Examples of heavy manufacturing uses include the following.

1.	Chemical Product Manufacturing. An establishment that produces or uses basic chemicals, and other establishments creating products predominantly by chemical processes. Examples of these products include: basic chemicals, including acids, alkalies, salts, and organic chemicals; chemical products to be used in further manufacture, including synthetic fibers, plastic materials, dry colors, and pigments; and finished chemical products to be used for ultimate consumption, including drugs/pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and soaps; or to be used as materials or supplies in other industries including paints, fertilizers, and explosives. Also includes sales and transportation establishments handling the chemicals described above, except as part of retail trade.
2.	Concrete, Gypsum, and Plaster Product Manufacturing. An establishment that produces bulk concrete, concrete building block, brick, and/or other types of precast and prefabricated concrete products. Also includes ready-mix concrete batch plants, lime manufacturing, and the manufacture of gypsum products, including plasterboard. A retail ready-mix concrete operation as an incidental use in conjunction with a building materials outlet is defined under "Building and Landscape Materials Sales."
3.	Garbage Transfer Station. A facility that processes, sorts, and distributes recyclable materials, construction and debris materials, and the contents of the municipal solid waste stream.
4.	Glass Product Manufacturing. An establishment that manufactures glass and/or glass products by melting silica sand or cullet, including the production of flat glass and other glass products that are pressed, blown, or shaped from glass produced in the same establishment. Artisan and craftsman type operations of a larger scale than home occupations are instead included under ("Manufacturing—Light—Handcraft Industries and Small-Scale Manufacturing").
5.	Paving and Roofing Materials Manufacturing. The manufacture of various common paving and petroleum-based roofing materials, including bulk asphalt, paving blocks made of asphalt, creosote wood, and various compositions of asphalt and tar. Does not include the manufacture of wood roofing materials (shingles, shakes, etc.) ("Lumber and Wood Product Manufacturing").
6.	Petroleum Refining and Related Industries. Industrial plants for purifying petroleum, and the compounding of lubricating oils and greases from purchased materials. Also includes oil or gas processing facilities, liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities, the manufacture of petroleum coke and fuel briquettes, tank farms, and terminal facilities for pipelines. Does not include petroleum pipeline surge tanks and pump stations ("Public Utility Facilities"), or petroleum product distributors ("Petroleum Product Storage and Distribution").
7.	Plastics, Other Synthetics, and Rubber Product Manufacturing. The manufacture of rubber products including: tires, rubber footwear, mechanical rubber goods, heels and soles, flooring, and other rubber products from natural, synthetic, or reclaimed rubber. Also includes establishments engaged primarily in manufacturing tires; products from recycled or reclaimed plastics or styrofoam; molding primary plastics for other manufacturers, manufacturing miscellaneous finished plastics products, fiberglass manufacturing, and fiberglass application services. Does not include establishments engaged primarily in recapping and retreading automobile tires ("Vehicle Services—Major Repair/Body Work").
8.	Primary Metal Industries. An establishment engaged in: the smelting and refining of ferrous and nonferrous metals from ore, pig, or scrap; the rolling, drawing, and alloying of metals; the manufacture of castings, forgings, stampings, extrusions, and other basic metal products; and the manufacturing of nails, spikes, and insulated wire and cable. Also includes merchant blast furnaces and by-product or beehive coke ovens.
9.	Pulp and Pulp Product Manufacturing. An establishment that manufactures pulp, paper, or paperboard. Includes pulp, paper, and paperboard mills. Does not include establishments primarily engaged in converting paper or paperboard without manufacturing the paper or paperboard, including envelope manufacturing, converted paper products, paper coating and glazing, paper bags, assembly of paperboard boxes, wallpaper ("Manufacturing/Processing—Light—Paper Product Manufacturing").
10.	Textile and Leather Product Manufacturing. An establishment that converts basic fibers (natural or synthetic) into a product, including yarn or fabric, that can be further manufactured into usable items ("Manufacturing/Processing—Light—Clothing and Fabric Product Manufacturing"), and industries that transform hides into leather by tanning or curing. Includes:

	•	coating, waterproofing, or otherwise treating fabric
	•	dressed and dyed furs
	•	dying and finishing fiber, yarn, fabric, and knit apparel
	•	leather-tanned, curried, and finished
	•	manufacture of knit apparel and other finished products from yarn
	•	manufacture of felt goods, lace goods, non-woven fabrics and miscellaneous textiles
	•	manufacturing of woven fabric, carpets, and rugs from yarn
	•	preparation of fiber and subsequent manufacturing of yarn, threads, braids, twine cordage
	•	scouring and combing plants
	•	upholstery manufacturing
	•	yarn and thread mills

Manufacturing/Processing—Light. A facility accommodating manufacturing processes involving and/or producing: apparel; food and beverage products; electronic, optical, and instrumentation products; ice; jewelry; and musical instruments. Light manufacturing also includes other establishments engaged in the assembly, fabrication, and conversion of already processed raw materials into products, where the operational characteristics of the manufacturing processes and the materials used are unlikely to cause significant impacts on surrounding land uses or the community. Examples of light manufacturing uses include the following.

Clothing and Fabric Product Manufacturing. An establishment that assembles clothing, draperies, and/or other products by cutting and sewing purchased textile fabrics, and related materials including leather, rubberized fabrics, plastics and furs. Does not include custom tailors and dressmakers not operating as a factory and not located on the site of a clothing store (see "Personal Services"). See also, "Manufacturing/Processing—Heavy—Textile and Leather Product Manufacturing."

Electronics, Equipment, and Appliance Manufacturing. An establishment that manufactures equipment, apparatus, and/or supplies for the generation, storage, transmission, transformation and use of electrical energy, including:

	•	appliances including stoves/ovens, refrigerators, freezers, laundry equipment, fans, vacuum cleaners, sewing machines
	•	aviation instruments
	•	computers, computer components, peripherals
	•	electrical transmission and distribution equipment
	•	electronic components and accessories, semiconductors, integrated circuits, related devices
	•	electrical welding apparatus
	•	lighting and wiring equipment such as lamps and fixtures, wiring devices, vehicle lighting
	•	industrial controls
	•	instruments for measurement, testing, analysis and control, associated sensors and accessories
	•	miscellaneous electrical machinery, equipment and supplies such as batteries, X-ray apparatus and tubes, electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus, electrical equipment for internal combustion engines
	•	motors and generators
	•	optical instruments and lenses
	•	photographic equipment and supplies
	•	radio and television receiving equipment
	•	surgical, medical and dental instruments, equipment, and supplies
	•	storage media, blank and pre-recorded, including magnetic, magneto-optical, and optical products such as compact disks (CDs), computer diskettes and hard drives, digital versatile disks (DVDs), magnetic tape products, phonograph records, etc.
	•	surveying and drafting instruments
	•	telephone and telegraph apparatus
	•	transformers, switch gear and switchboards
	•	watches and clocks

Does not include testing laboratories (soils, materials testing, etc.) (see "Business Support Services"), or research and development facilities separate from manufacturing (see "Research and Development").

3	Food and Beverage Product Manufacturing. Manufacturing establishments producing or processing foods and beverages for human consumption, and certain related products. Examples of these uses include:

	•	bottling plants
	•	bread factories
	•	candy, sugar and confectionery products manufacturing
	•	catering services separate from stores or restaurants
	•	coffee roasting
	•	dairy products manufacturing
	•	distilled spirits production––includes on-site tasting of spirits and direct retail sale of spirits consistent with the regulations of the Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF).
	•	fats and oil product manufacturing
	•	fruit and vegetable canning, preserving, related processing
	•	grain mill products and by products
	•	meat, poultry, and seafood canning, curing, byproduct processing
	•	soft drink production
	•	miscellaneous food item preparation from raw products

Does not include: bakeries (see "Restaurant, Café, Coffee Shop"― 1. "Counter Ordering"); beer brewing (see "Brewery"); or wine production (see "Winery").

Handcraft Industries, Small-Scale Manufacturing. Establishments manufacturing and/or assembling small products primarily by hand, including jewelry, pottery and other ceramics, as well as small glass and metal art and craft products, and taxidermists. Also includes manufacturing establishments producing small products not classified in another major manufacturing group, including: brooms and brushes; buttons, costume novelties; jewelry; musical instruments; pens, pencils, and other office and artists' materials; sporting and athletic goods; toys; etc.

Metal Products Fabrication, Machine and Welding Shops. An establishment engaged in the production and/or assembly of metal parts, including the production of metal cabinets and enclosures, cans and shipping containers, doors and gates, duct work, forgings and stampings, hardware and tools, plumbing fixtures and products, tanks, towers, and similar products. Examples of these uses include:

	•	blacksmith and welding shops
	•	plating, stripping, and coating shops
	•	sheet metal shops
	•	machine shops and boiler shops

6.	Paper Product Manufacturing. An establishment that converts pre-manufactured paper or paperboard into boxes, envelopes, paper bags, wallpaper, etc., and/or that coats or glazes pre-manufactured paper. Does not include the manufacturing of pulp, paper, or paperboard (see "Manufacturing/Processing—Heavy— Pulp and Pulp Product Manufacturing").
7.	Photo/Film Processing Lab. A facility that provides high volume and/or custom processing services for photographic negative film, transparencies, and/or prints, where the processed products are delivered to offsite retail outlets for customer pick-up. Does not include small-scale photo processing machines accessory to other retail businesses.

Manufacturing/Processing—Medium Intensity. A facility accommodating manufacturing processes that involve and/or produce building materials, fabricated metal products, machinery, and/or transportation equipment, where the intensity and/or scale of operations is greater than those classified under "Manufacturing/Processing— Light," but where impacts on surrounding land uses or the community can typically be mitigated to acceptable levels. Examples of medium intensity manufacturing uses include the following.

1.	Lumber and Wood Product Manufacturing. Manufacturing, processing, and sales involving the milling of forest products to produce rough and finished lumber and other wood materials for use in other manufacturing, craft, or construction processes. Includes the following processes and products:

	•	containers, pallets and skids
	•	manufactured and modular homes
	•	matches (wood)
	•	milling operations
	•	trusses and structural beams
	•	turning and shaping of wood products
	•	wholesaling of basic wood products
	•	wood product assembly

Does not include craft-type shops ("Manufacturing/Processing—Light—Handcraft Industries, Small-Scale Manufacturing"); other wood and cabinet shops ("Furniture/Fixtures Manufacturing, Cabinet Shops"); or the entirely indoor retail sale of building materials, construction tools and equipment ("Building and Landscape Materials Sales").

2.	Machinery Manufacturing. An establishment that makes or processes raw materials into finished machines or parts for machines. Does not include the manufacture of electronics, equipment, or appliances ("Manufacturing/Processing—Light—Electronics, Equipment, and Appliance Manufacturing").
3.	Motor Vehicles and Transportation Equipment. Manufacturers of equipment for transporting passengers and cargo by land, air and water, including motor vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, ships, boats, railroad and other vehicles such as motorcycles, bicycles and snowmobiles. Includes manufacture of motor vehicle parts and accessories; trailers and campers for attachment to other vehicles; self-contained motor homes; and van conversions. Does not include mobile home and modular home assembly (listed under "Lumber and Wood Product Manufacturing").
4.	Stone and Cut Stone Product Manufacturing. An establishment that cuts, shapes, and/or finishes marble, granite, slate, and/or other stone for construction and miscellaneous uses. Does not include establishments engaged primarily in buying or selling partly finished monuments and tombstones ("Manufacturing/Processing—Light—Handcraft Industries, Small-Scale Manufacturing").
5.	Structural Clay and Pottery Product Manufacturing. An establishment that produces brick and structural clay products, including pipe, china plumbing fixtures, vitreous china articles, and/or fine earthenware and porcelain products. Does not include artist/craftsman uses (see "Manufacturing/Processing—Light— Handcraft Industries, Small-Scale Manufacturing," "Home Occupations").

Map Act. See "Subdivision Map Act."

Marijuana. See "Cannabis."

Massage related uses. A commercial operation where any act of Massage is offered or performed. See Chapter 20-49.

Media Production. Facilities for motion picture, television, video, sound, computer, and other communications media production. These facilities include the following types.

1.	Backlots/Outdoor Facilities. Outdoor sets, backlots, and other outdoor facilities, including supporting indoor workshops and craft shops.
2.	Indoor Support Facilities. Administrative and technical production support facilities, including administrative and production offices, post-production facilities (editing and sound recording studios, foley stages, etc.), optical and special effects units, film processing laboratories, etc.
3.	Soundstages. Warehouse-type facilities providing space for the construction and use of indoor sets, including supporting workshops and craft shops.

Medical Service—Clinic, Urgent Care. A facility other than a hospital, where medical, mental health, surgical and other personal health services are provided exclusively on an outpatient basis by a group of physicians working in cooperation and sharing the same facilities. Typically operates beyond standard medical office hours and may provide emergency treatment. May include educational aspects such as medical instruction and/or training as well as house a lab, radiology, pharmacy, rehabilitation, and other similar services as accessory uses. Does not include hospitals. Counseling services by other than medical doctors or psychiatrists are included under "Offices—Professional."

Medical Service—Doctor Office. A facility other than a hospital where medical, dental, mental health, surgical, and/or other personal health care services are provided on an outpatient basis, by primary practitioners and/or medical specialists by appointment (for example, chiropractors, dentists, medical doctors, optometrists, prescription opticians, psychiatrists, etc.). May include a lab, radiology, pharmacy, rehabilitation, and other similar services as accessory uses. Counseling services by other than medical doctors or psychiatrists are included under "Offices—Professional."

Medical Service—Health Care Facility. A facility, place, or building other than a hospital, which is maintained and operated as a residence for patients and to provide long-term medical care. Includes nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, extended care facilities, hospice homes and similar facilities which are licensed by the California State Department of Health Services, and defined in Health and Safety Code Section 1200 et seq. May include a lab, radiology, pharmacy, rehabilitation, and other similar services as accessory uses.

Medical Service—Hospital. Hospitals and similar facilities engaged primarily in providing diagnostic services, and extensive medical treatment, including surgical and other hospital services. These establishments have an organized medical staff, inpatient beds, and equipment and facilities to provide complete health care. May include on-site accessory clinics and laboratories, accessory retail uses and emergency heliports (see the separate definition of "Accessory Retail Uses").

Medical Service—Integrated Medical Health Center. A medical wellness center which may be directly affiliated with a hospital or medical complex, membership based, and open to the public as well as referred patients. In addition to exam rooms and physician offices, the facility provides courses and equipment for physical rehabilitation, fitness, and wellness. Examples include, but are not limited to, cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation, cardio and strength training, aquatics, integrative classes and training for all wellness therapy, stress management, esthetician, nutritional counseling, and physical, occupational and speech therapy. These facilities are staffed in part by medical professionals including physicians.

Medical Service—Lab. A facility intended for the examination of clinical specimens for the purpose of providing information such as diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, or treatment of disease to improve the health of a patient.

Examples of these uses include:

•	dental laboratories (crown and denture manufacturing, etc.)
•	medical laboratories (blood and tissue testing, x-ray, CT scanning, etc., but not research (see "Laboratory"))
•	reference laboratories

Medical Service—Veterinary Clinic, Animal Hospital. Office and indoor medical treatment facilities used by veterinarians, including large and small animal veterinary clinics, and animal hospitals. May include a lab, radiology, pharmacy, rehabilitation, temporary boarding of sick animals, and other similar services as accessory uses. See also "Kennel."

Meeting Facility, Public or Private. A facility for public or private meetings, not including sports or other commercial entertainment facilities (see "Theater," and "Sports and Entertainment Assembly"), or convention centers (see "Conference/Convention Facility"). Includes clubs, lodges, and private meeting halls, community centers, religious facilities (e.g., churches, mosques, synagogues, etc.), civic and private auditoriums, grange halls, union halls, etc. Related on-site facilities such as day care centers and schools are separately defined, and separately regulated by Division 2 (Zoning Districts and Allowable Land Uses).

Ministerial Permit, or Project. A City land use review and entitlement process where the review authority approves or denies a proposal based solely on its compliance with applicable laws, City ordinances, and regulations, where no discretion is exercised. Includes the issuance of Building Permits, Zoning Clearances, Accessory Dwelling Unit Permits, etc.

Missing Middle Housing. House scaled buildings with multiple units in walkable neighborhoods, designed in compliance with the development standards of Zoning Code Section 20-28.100. "Middle" refers to the size and form of buildings—there are no requirements for affordability restrictions.

Mixed-Use Project. A project that combines both commercial and residential uses, where the residential component is typically located above the commercial. This Zoning Code distinguishes between the following two types of mixed-use projects. An "office or institutional" mixed use project combines a residential component with one or more office or institutional uses, and does not include retail use. Other mixed use projects may include residential units in combination with any other non-residential land use allowed by the applicable zoning district, subject to the standards for mixed use projects in Section 20-42.090.

Mobile Food Vending Facility. A mobile food vending facility shall mean any vehicle, trailer, pushcart, motorized food wagon, stand, tent or structure not affixed to a permanent foundation, with or without wheels, which may be moved from one place to another under its own power or by other means.

Mobile Food Facility (MFF). Any vehicle used in conjunction with a commissary or other permanent food facility upon which food is sold or distributed at retail. "Mobile food facility" does not include a "transporter" used to transport packaged food from a food facility, or other approved source to the consumer, as defined by the California Health and Safety Code.

Mobile Food Vendor. Person who owns, controls, manages or is otherwise engaged in the business of a Mobile Food Facility on private property.

Mobile Home. A manufactured home, transportable in one or more sections, that is certified under the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, which is over eight feet in width and 40 feet in length, with or without a permanent foundation and not including recreational vehicle, commercial coach or factory-built housing. Additionally, the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) classifies Mobile Home Unit/Manufactured Home (MH) as a one-unit structure that was originally constructed to be towed on its own chassis. A mobile home on a permanent foundation that is not located in a Mobile Home Park is included under the definition of "Single-Family Detached."

Mobile Home, Rv, and Boat Sales. Retail establishments selling both mobile home dwelling units, and/or various vehicles and watercraft for recreational uses. Includes the sales of boats, campers and camper shells, jet skis, mobile homes, motor homes, and travel trailers.

Modified Natural Waterway. Any natural waterway that has been modified to accommodate peak flood flows while retaining significant riparian vegetation, fish, wildlife habitat, and/or scenic values.

Mortuary, Funeral Home. Funeral homes and parlors, where deceased are prepared for burial or cremation, funeral services may be conducted, and cremation may occur.

Multi-family. Two or more dwelling units located on the same parcel. The units can either be attached or detached.

Multifamily Dwelling. A dwelling unit that is part of a structure containing one or more other dwelling units. All units in the structure are on the same parcel. The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) defines multifamily dwelling as two-, three-, or four-plex units per structure (two-four) and five or more units per structure (five+).

Definitions, "N."

Natural Waterway. Any natural stream of water flowing in a definite course or channel and possessing a bed and banks. It is not necessary that the flow of water be continuous throughout the year. Natural waterways do not include artificially created channels for storm waters, such as street gutters and drain and drainage facilities installed in connection with the development of property.

Negative Declaration. A statement describing the reasoning that a proposed action will not have a significant adverse effect on the environment, in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

Neighborhood. An area commonly identified as such in planning documents and among individuals who reside and work within close proximity.

Neighborhood Center. A small scale retail and/or service use, which may include a small grocery store or convenience store that is oriented to the daily shopping and services needs of nearby residents. A neighborhood center does not detract from the surrounding residential character of the neighborhood due to intensity, over concentration or design.

Night Club. A bar/tavern serving alcoholic beverages for on-site consumption, and providing entertainment, examples of which include live music and/or dancing, comedy, etc.

Nonconforming Parcel. A parcel that was legally created prior to the adoption of this Zoning Code or amendment, but does not comply with the current area, width, depth, or other applicable requirements of this Zoning Code.

Nonconforming Sign. A sign that lawfully existed prior to the effective date of this Zoning Code or amendment, but does not comply with the current sign regulations of this Zoning Code.

Nonconforming Structure. A structure that was legally constructed prior to the adoption or amendment of this Zoning Code, but does not comply with the current setback, height limit, and/or other applicable requirements of this Zoning Code.

Nonconforming Use. A use of land and/or a structure (either conforming or nonconforming) that was legally established and maintained prior to the adoption of this Zoning Code or amendment, but does not conform to the current Zoning Code requirements for allowable land uses within the applicable zoning district.

Definitions, "O."

Occupancy. All or a portion of a structure occupied by one tenant.

Off-Site. An activity or accessory use that is related to a specific primary use, but is not located on the same site as the primary use.

Office. This Zoning Code distinguishes between the following types of offices. These do not include medical offices (see "Medical Service—Clinic, Doctor Office" and "Medical Service—Doctor Office").

1.	Accessory. Office facilities that are incidental and accessory to another business or sales activity that is the primary use.
2.	Business/Service. Establishments providing direct services to customers. Examples of these uses include employment agencies, holistic practitioners, insurance agent offices, real estate offices, travel agencies, utility company offices, etc. This use does not include "Bank, Financial Services," which are separately defined.
3.	Government. Office facilities for Federal, State and local agencies. This use does not include "Utility Facilities," which are separately defined.
4.	Processing. Office-type facilities characterized by high employee densities, and occupied by businesses engaged in information processing, and other computer-dependent and/or telecommunications-based activities. Processing businesses operate in such a manner that customers need not come to the site, and do not come to the site on a regular basis. Examples of these uses include:

	•	airline, lodging chain, and rental car company reservation centers
	•	computer software and hardware design and development
	•	consumer credit reporting
	•	data processing services
	•	health management organization (HMO) offices where no medical services are provided
	•	insurance claim processing
	•	mail order and electronic commerce transaction processing
	•	mortgage company processing offices
	•	telecommunications facility design and management
	•	telemarketing

5.	Professional. Office-type facilities occupied by businesses that provide professional services and/or engaged in the production of intellectual property. Examples of these uses include:

•	accounting, auditing and bookkeeping services
•	advertising agencies
•	attorneys
•	commercial art and design services
•	construction contractors (office facilities only)
•	counseling services
•	court reporting services
•	detective agencies and similar services
•	design services including architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, urban planning
•	educational, scientific and research organizations
•	financial management and investment counseling
•	literary and talent agencies
•	management and public relations services
•	media postproduction services
•	news services
•	photographers and photography studios
•	psychologists
•	secretarial, stenographic, word processing, and temporary clerical employee services
•	security and commodity brokers
•	writers and artists offices

6.	Temporary. A mobile home, recreational vehicle or modular unit used as a temporary office facility. Temporary offices may include: construction supervision offices on a construction site or off-site construction yard; a temporary on-site real estate office for a development project; or a temporary business office in advance of permanent facility construction.
7.	Temporary Real Estate. The temporary use of a dwelling unit within a residential development project as a sales office for the units on the same site, which is converted to residential use at the conclusion of its office use.

Office-Supporting Retail. A retail store less than 10,000 square feet in floor area that carries one or more types of merchandise that will typically be of frequent interest to and/or needed by the various businesses listed under the definition of "Office," and/or the employees of those businesses. Examples of these types of merchandise include:

•	Books
•	Computer equipment
•	Flowers
•	Newspapers and magazines
•	Office supplies, stationery
•	Photographic supplies and cameras

On-Site. An activity or accessory use that is related to a specific primary use, and which is located on the same site as the primary use.

100-Year Water Surface. The water surface level resulting from a storm that is estimated to occur on an average of once in 100 years (one percent probability of occurrence each year).

Open Space.

1.	Open Space, Common. An outdoor portion of a development held in common and/or single ownership, that is not reserved for the exclusive use or benefit of an individual tenant or owner at all times and is available for use by all residents or employees of the building or parcel. This area may be at grade, on a podium level, or on the roof of the building unless otherwise indicated.
2.	Open Space, Private. An outdoor area for the private enjoyment of a single residential unit. Includes outdoor yard areas, patios, decks, and balconies.

Ordinary Maintenance and Repair. Work for which a Building Permit is not required, the purpose and effect of which is to correct deterioration of or damage to a structure or any part thereof and to restore the structure to its condition before the deterioration or damage.

Organizational House. A residential lodging facility operated by a membership organization for its members and not open to the general public. Includes fraternity and sorority houses, student dormitories, convents, monasteries, and religious residential retreats.

Outdoor Display and Sales. The permanent outdoor display of merchandise incidental to an adjacent indoor retail use, and certain independent outdoor retail sales facilities. Includes news and flower stands, and outdoor dining areas. Does not include the sale of automobiles and recreational vehicles ("Auto and Vehicle Sales/Rental"), mobile homes ("Mobile Home, RV and Boat Sales"), or building or landscape materials ("Building and Landscape Materials Sales"). Outdoor display and sales shall comply with the standards for "Outdoor Displays and Sales" in Section 20-42.110.

Outdoor Storage. See "Storage—Outdoor."

Definitions, "P."

Parcel. See "Lot, or Parcel."

Parking Cash-Out/Transit Incentive Programs. Cash-out parking programs allow employees to be paid cash by their employers for not parking a vehicle in the parking area associated with their business, rather than the employer subsidizing employee parking by providing on-site spaces or paying for monthly permits. Transit incentive programs work similarly, with employees being provided free transit passes instead of subsidized parking.

Parking Facility, Public or Commercial. Parking lots or structures operated by the City, or a private entity providing parking for a fee. Does not include towing impound and storage facilities, which are instead defined under "Storage—Outdoor."

Paved, Pavement. For the purposes of vehicle parking and access, paving materials include concrete, asphalt, paver units and stones, and turf block.

Pedestrian Orientation. Any physical structure or place with design qualities and elements that contribute to an active, inviting and pleasant place for pedestrians including:

1.	Building façades that are highly articulated at the street level, with interesting uses of material, color, and architectural detailing, located directly behind the sidewalk;
2.	Design amenities related to the street level such as awnings, paseos, arcades;
3.	Visibility into buildings at the street level;
4.	A continuous sidewalk, with a minimum of intrusions into pedestrian right-of-way;
5.	Continuity of building façades along the street with few interruptions in the progression of buildings and stores;
6.	Signs oriented and scaled to the pedestrian rather than the motorist;
7.	Landscaping; and
8.	Street furniture.

Pedestrian Oriented Use. A land use that is intended to encourage walk-in customers and that generally does not limit the number of customers by requiring appointments or otherwise excluding the general public. A pedestrian oriented use provides spontaneous draw from sidewalk and street due to visual interest, high customer turnover, and social interaction.

Pen. Enclosed area of sufficient size where hens may be secured. Typically includes a covered area.

Person. Any individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company, association, joint stock association; city, county, state, or district; and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or other similar representative thereof.

Personal Services. Establishments providing non-medical services to individuals as a primary use. Examples of these uses include:

•	barber and beauty shops
•	clothing rental
•	dry cleaning pick-up stores with limited equipment
•	home electronics and small appliance repair
•	laundromats (self-service laundries)
•	lockscmiths
•	pet grooming with no boarding
•	shoe repair shops
•	tailors
•	tanning salons

These uses may also include accessory retail sales of products related to the services provided.

Personal Services—Restricted. Personal services that may tend to have a potentially offensive effect upon surrounding areas and which may need to be dispersed to minimize their adverse impacts. Examples of these uses include:

•	check cashing stores
•	fortune tellers
•	palm and card readers
•	psychics
•	soup kitchens
•	spas and hot tubs for hourly rental
•	tattoo and body piercing services

Petroleum Product Storage and Distribution. A facility for the bulk storage and wholesale distribution of gasoline, diesel fuel, and/or other fuels and petroleum products.

Pharmacy. A retail store that primarily sells prescription drugs, that may also sell non-prescription drugs and medical supplies, other health car products, and a limited variety of convenience items. Where specifically identified as an allowable use by Division 2, a pharmacy is distinguished from "drug store, pharmacy" as included under the definition of "General Retail" by its emphasis on prescription drug sales as the primary business activity. See also "Accessory Retail and Services."

Planning Commission. The City of Santa Rosa Planning Commission, appointed by the Santa Rosa City Council in compliance with Government Code Section 65101, referred to throughout this Zoning Code as the "Commission."

Plant Nursery. A commercial agricultural establishment engaged in the production of ornamental plants and other nursery products, grown under cover either in containers or in the soil on the site, or outdoors in containers. The outdoor production of ornamental plants in the soil on the site is instead included under "Crop Production, Horticulture, Orchard, Vineyard." Also includes establishments engaged in the sale of these products (e.g., wholesale and retail nurseries) and commercial-scale greenhouses (home greenhouses are included under "Residential Accessory Use or Structure"). The sale of house plants or other nursery products entirely within a building is also included under "General Retail."

Primary Building. See "Primary Structure."

Private Realm. Area for use by occupants of particular sites, buildings, or units, including interior space, common or private open space, and/or building setbacks. Areas not meeting the definition of public realm are considered to be private realm by default. See also "Public Realm," "Frontage, Private."

Public Realm. Area dedicated or granted for public use, consisting of rights-of-way, thoroughfares (not including alleys or driveways designed for vehicular use), public parks, and/or civic spaces. These public realm elements may be preexisting or proposed as part of a site plan. See also "Private Realm," "Frontage, Private" in this Section and "Public Way" in Chapter 19-08.

Primary Residence. Primary Residence, or Principal Residence, is the person's true, fixed and permanent home and principal establishment to which the person, whenever absent, intends to return. In-state presence, vehicle registration, voter registration, bank accounts, and state income tax filings are among the matters to be considered in determining residency, as defined by The California State Board of Equalization.

Primary Structure. A structure that accommodates the primary use of the site.

Primary Use. The main purpose for which a site is developed and occupied, including the activities that are conducted on the site a majority of the hours during which activities occur. See also "Accessory Use."

Primary Zoning District. The zoning district applied to a site by the Zoning Map, to which an overlay zoning district may also be applied.

Priority Development Area (PDA). Areas established by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission/Association of Bay Area Governments (MTC/ABAG) to provide opportunities for compact, infill development in proximity to transit, jobs, schools, shopping and services. PDAs in Santa Rosa are as follows:

•	Downtown Station Area. (Bounded by College Avenue to the north, Brookwood Avenue to the east, Sebastopol Avenue/Sebastopol Road and California State Route 12 to the south, and Dutton Avenue and Imwalle Gardens to the west).
•	Mendocino/Santa Rosa Avenue Corridors. (The area within one-quarter mile along either side of each street corridor, from the northern city limit line to the southern city limit line).
•	North Station. (Bounded by Paulin Creek to the north, U.S. Route 101 and Santa Rosa Junior College/Santa Rosa High School to the east, West College Avenue to the south, and Ridley Avenue to the west).
•	Roseland. (Bounded by California State Route 12 and Sebastopol Avenue/Sebastopol Road to the north, Bellevue Avenue to the south, U.S. Route 101 to the east, and Stony Point Road to the west).
•	Sebastopol Road Corridor. (The area within one-quarter mile along either side of the street corridor, from U.S. Route 101 to the western city limit line).

Private Residential Recreation Facility. A privately-owned, non-commercial outdoor recreation facility provided for residential project or neighborhood residents, including swimming pools, swim and tennis clubs, park and sport court facilities. Does not include golf courses and country clubs, which are separately defined.

Printing and Publishing. An establishment engaged in printing by letterpress, lithography, gravure, screen, offset, or electrostatic (xerographic) copying; and other establishments serving the printing trade such as bookbinding, typesetting, engraving, photoengraving and electrotyping. This use also includes establishments that publish newspapers, books and periodicals; establishments manufacturing business forms and binding devices. "Quick printing" services are included in the definition of "Business Support Services."

Produce Stand. A temporary business location that sells raw, unprocessed fruits, vegetables, nuts, and other produce in its raw or natural state, and that is accessory to an on-site or adjacent agricultural operation.

Property Line. The recorded boundary of a parcel of land.

Property Owner(s) with Damaged Property and/or Eligible Property. Person(s) or entity who is/are the owner of record of real property, as documented by a deed or other such evidence of ownership whose property has been determined to be a Damaged Property and/or an Eligible Property. This status no longer applies once the Primary Structure on Eligible Property has been constructed, has received final building permit inspections, and has been granted occupancy.

Proposed Project. A proposed new structure, new addition to an existing structure, or area of other new site development; these do not include the alteration of any portion of an existing structure other than an addition.

Public Safety Building. A building for public utility uses, including substations, fire stations, police stations, and hospitals.

Public Safety Facility. A facility including ambulance dispatch facilities, fire stations, other fire prevention and fire fighting facilities, police and sheriff substations and headquarters, including interim incarceration facilities.

Public Transit Stop. A location containing a train station or bus stop.

Definitions, "Q."

Qualifying Resident. A senior citizen or other person eligible to reside in senior citizen housing.

Quasi-Public. A use owned or operated by a non-profit, religious or eleemosynary institution and providing education, cultural, recreational, physical fitness, religious or similar types of public programs.

Definitions, "R."

Recommend. In the context of City review of a planning permit application, "recommend" means that the review authority makes a recommendation to a higher decision-making body.

Recreational Vehicle (RV). A motor home, travel trailer, truck camper, or camping trailer, with or without motive power, originally designed for human habitation for recreational, emergency, or other occupancy, which:

1.	Contains less than 320 square feet of internal living room area, excluding built-in equipment, including wardrobe, closets, cabinets, kitchen units or fixtures, and bath or toilet rooms; and
2.	Contains 400 square feet or less of gross area measured at maximum horizontal projections; and
3.	Is built on a single chassis; and
4.	Is either self-propelled, truck-mounted, or permanently towable on the highways without a towing permit.

Recreational Vehicle Park. A site where one or more lots are used, or are intended to be used, by campers with recreational vehicles or tents. Recreational vehicle parks may include public restrooms, water, sewer, and electric hookups to each lot and are intended as a higher density, more intensively developed use than campgrounds. May include accessory retail uses where they are clearly incidental and intended to serve RV park patrons only.

Recycling Facility. This land use type includes a variety of facilities involved with the collection, sorting and processing of recyclable materials.

1.	Collection Facility. A center where the public may donate, redeem or sell recyclable materials, which may include the following, where allowed by the applicable zoning district:
	a.	Reverse vending machines;
	b.	Reverse vending machines;Small collection facilities which occupy an area of 350 square feet or less and may include:
		(1)	A mobile unit,
		(2)	Bulk reverse vending machines or a grouping of reverse vending machines occupying more than 50 square feet, and
		(3)	Kiosk-type units which may include permanent structures;
	c.	Large collection facilities which occupy an area of more than 350 square feet and/or include permanent structures.
2.	Mobile Recycling Unit. An automobile, truck, trailer, or van used for the collection of recyclable materials, carrying bins, boxes, or other containers.
3.	Processing Facility. A structure or enclosed space used for the collection and processing of recyclable materials for shipment, or to an end-user's specifications, by such means as baling, briquetting, cleaning, compacting, crushing, flattening, grinding, mechanical sorting, re-manufacturing and shredding. Processing facilities include the following types, both of which are included under the definition of "Scrap and Dismantling Yards," below:
	a.	Light processing facility occupies an area of under 45,000 square feet of collection, processing and storage area, and averages two outbound truck shipments each day. Light processing facilities are limited to baling, briquetting, compacting, crushing, grinding, shredding and sorting of source separated recyclable materials sufficient to qualify as a certified processing facility. A light processing facility shall not shred, compact, or bale ferrous metals other than food and beverage containers; and
	b.	A heavy processing facility is any processing facility other than a light processing facility.
4.	Recycling Facility. A center for the collection and/or processing of recyclable materials. A "certified" recycling or processing facility is certified by the California Department of Conservation as meeting the requirements of the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act of 986. A recycling facility does not include storage containers located on a residentially, commercially or industrially designated site used solely for the recycling of material generated on the site. See "Collection Facility" above.
5.	Recycling or Recyclable Material. Reusable domestic containers and other materials which can be reconstituted, re-manufactured, or reused in an altered form, including glass, metals, paper and plastic. Recyclable material does not include refuse or hazardous materials.
6.	Reverse Vending Machine. An automated mechanical device which accepts at least one or more types of empty beverage containers and issues a cash refund or a redeemable credit slip with a value not less than the container's redemption value, as determined by State law. These vending machines may accept aluminum cans, glass and plastic bottles, and other containers.
	A bulk reverse vending machine is a reverse vending machine that is larger than 50 square feet, is designed to accept more than one container at a time, and issues a cash refund based on total weight instead of by container.
7.	Scrap and Dismantling Yards. Outdoor establishments primarily engaged in assembling, breaking up, sorting, and the temporary storage and distribution of recyclable or reusable scrap and waste materials, including auto wreckers engaged in dismantling automobiles for scrap, and the incidental wholesale or retail sales of parts from those vehicles. Includes light and heavy processing facilities for recycling (see the definitions above).
	Does not include: places where these activities are conducted entirely within buildings; secondhand stores; the sale of operative used cars; or landfills or other waste disposal sites.

Religious Facility. A permanent facility operated by a religious organization exclusively for worship, or the promotion of religious activities, including accessory uses on the same site. Examples of these types of facilities include churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples. Examples of allowable accessory uses on the same site include living quarters for ministers and staff, facilities for child day care and religious instruction operated at the same time as religious services (where authorized by the same type of land use permit required for the religious facility itself). May also include fund-raising sales, bazaars, dinners, parties, or other indoor and outdoor events on the same site. Other facilities maintained by religious organizations, including full-time day care centers, full-time educational institutions, hospitals and other potentially related operations (for example, a recreational camp) are defined in this Chapter according to their respective activities. Does not include the temporary use of an approved public assembly facility (for example, a private meeting hall, community center, theater, or auditorium) by a congregation for religious meetings, which is instead defined under the type of meeting facility hosting the congregation.

Religious Institution Affiliated Housing. A housing development project that meets all of the following criteria:

1.	The housing development project is located on one or more contiguous parcels that are each owned entirely, whether directly or through a wholly owned company or corporation, by a religious institution.
2.	The housing development project qualifies as being collocated religious-use parking by being any of the following:
	a.	Located on one or more parcels that collectively contain religious-use parking.
	b.	Located adjacent to a parcel owned by the religious institution that contains religious-use parking.
	c.	Located adjacent to a parcel owned by the religious institution that contains religious-use parking.
3.	The housing development project qualifies for a Density Bonus.

Religious-Use Parking Spaces. Parking spaces that are required under the City's parking requirements for existing places of worship, or parking spaces that would be required in a proposed development for a new place of worship.

Repair Service—Equipment, Large Appliances, Etc. A service and facility where various types of electrical, electronic, and mechanical equipment, and home and business appliances are repaired and/or maintained away from the site of the equipment owner. Does not include vehicle repair or maintenance, which is included under "Vehicle Services," the repair of small home appliances and electronic equipment, which is included under "Personal Services," or maintenance and repair activities that occur on the client's site, which are included under "Maintenance Service—Client Site Services."

Research and Development (R&D). A facility for scientific research, and the design, development and testing of electrical, electronic, magnetic, optical and computer and telecommunications components in advance of product manufacturing, and the assembly of related products from parts produced off-site, where the manufacturing activity is secondary to the research and development activities. Includes pharmaceutical, chemical and biotechnology research and development. Does not include soils and other materials testing laboratories (see "Laboratory"), or medical laboratories (see "Medical Service—Clinic, Lab, Doctor Office").

Reserved Parking. Reserved parking spaces are those spaces that are reserved for one specific use. For example, parking for a residential unit that is not made available during the day for retail or office uses.

Residential Accessory Use or Structure. Any use and/or structure that is customarily a part of, and clearly incidental and secondary to a residence, and does not change the character of the residential use. This definition includes the following detached accessory structures, and other similar structures normally associated with a residential use of property. See also "Agricultural Accessory Structure."

•	garages and carports
•	gazebos
•	greenhouses (non-commercial)
•	guesthouses
•	spas and hot tubs
•	storage sheds
•	studios
•	swimming pools
•	tennis and other on-site sport courts
•	workshops

Also includes the indoor storage of automobiles (including their incidental restoration and repair), personal recreational vehicles and other personal property, accessory to a residential use. Does not include: second units, which are separately defined; or home satellite dish and other receiving antennas for earth-based TV and radio broadcasts (see "Telecommunications Facilities").

Residential Component of Mixed Use Project. See "Mixed-Use Project."

Residential Hotel. Any building containing six or more guestrooms or efficiency units, as defined by Section 17958.1 of the Health and Safety Code, intended or designed to be used, or which are used, rented, or hired out, to be occupied, or which are occupied, for sleeping purposes by guests, which is also the primary residence of those guests, but does not mean any building containing six or more guestrooms or efficiency units, which is primarily used by transient guests who do not occupy that building as their primary residence.

Residential Zoning District. Any of the residential zoning districts established by Section 20-20.020 (Zoning Map and Zoning Districts).

Restaurant, Café, Coffee Shop. A retail business selling ready-to-eat food and/or beverages for onor offpremises consumption. These include:

1.	Counter Ordering. An establishment where customers are served from a walk-up ordering counter for either on- or off-premises consumption. This includes retail bakeries such as a donut shop, pastry shop, cake shop, and similar types of businesses;
2.	Table Service. An establishment where customers are served food at their tables for on-premises consumption, which may also provide food for take-out;
3.	Outdoor Dining. An establishment with either counter ordering or table service that provides a defined outdoor area for eating, which may be a sidewalk café where allowed by Encroachment Permit;
4.	Serving Alcohol (No Bar). Any of the above restaurants, cafés, coffee shops which serve beer, wine or distilled spirits with the meal and may contain or include an incidental bar

Note: This does not include Bar/Tavern (see "Bar/Tavern" definition).

A restaurant may include ancillary catering services.

Review Authority. The individual or official City body (the Planning Director, Planning Commission, or City Council) identified by this Zoning Code as having the responsibility and authority to review, and approve or disapprove the permit applications described in Division 5 (Land Use and Development Permit Procedures).

Rooming or Boarding House. A dwelling or part of a dwelling where lodging is furnished for compensation to three or more persons living independently from each other. Meals may also be included.

Rooster. An adult male chicken.

Definitions, "S."

School. A public or private academic educational institution, including:

•	boarding school
•	community college, college, or university
•	elementary, middle and junior high schools
•	high school
•	military academy

Also includes schools providing specialized education/training. Examples include the following:

•	art school
•	ballet and other dance school
•	business, secretarial, and vocational school
•	computers and electronics school
•	drama school
•	driver education school
•	establishments providing courses by mail
•	language school
•	martial arts
•	music school
•	professional school (law, medicine, etc.)
•	seminaries/religious ministry training facility

Also includes facilities, institutions and conference centers that offer specialized programs in personal growth and development, such as fitness, environmental awareness, arts, communications, and management. Does not include pre-schools and child day care facilities (see "Day Care"). See also the definition of "Studios—Art, Dance, Martial Arts, Music, etc." for smaller-scale facilities offering specialized instruction.

Second Hand Store. A retail store that buys and sell used products, including clothing, furniture and household goods, jewelry, appliances, musical instruments, business machines and office equipment, tools, motors, machines, instruments, firearms, or any similar secondhand articles or objects. Includes pawnshops. Does not include bookstores ("Retail Stores"); secondhand farm and construction equipment ("Construction Heavy Equipment Sales and Rental"); junk dealers, or scrap/dismantling yards ("Recycling Facilities—Scrap and Dismantling Yards"); the sale of antiques and collectibles ("Retail Stores"); or the sale of cars and other used vehicles ("Auto and Vehicle Sales/Rental").

Senior Housing. Age-restricted residential housing that is intended and operated for occupancy by persons 55 years of age or older. At least 80 percent of the occupied units shall be occupied by at least one person who is 55 years of age or older, consistent with Federal and State law requirements. See also Section 20-28.080 (Senior Housing combining district).

Senior Housing Regulatory Agreement. A regulatory agreement entered into between the owner(s) or homeowners' association and the Housing Authority of the City of Santa Rosa recorded against residential property for the purpose of setting forth age verification and monitoring requirements for senior housing. See also Section 20-28.080 (Senior Housing combining district).

Service Station. See "Gas Station," and "Vehicle Services."

Setback. The distance by which a structure, parking area or other development feature must be separated from a property line, other structure or development feature (e.g., back of sidewalk or curb), or street centerline. See also "Yard," and Section 20-30.110 (Setback Requirements and Exceptions).

Shared Parking. Shared parking spaces are those spaces that are available to the public, and not reserved for one specific use. Shared spaces work well in mixed-use areas, where parking spaces for retail uses, for example, are made available in the evening for residents. Sharing spaces ensures that each parking space will be utilized more efficiently.

Shopping Center. A primarily retail commercial site with three or more separate businesses sharing common pedestrian and parking areas.

Side Street. In the context of a design site, the street or public realm located along a design site line other than the front design site line.

Sight Distance. The distance along a roadway throughout which an object of specified height is continuously visible to the driver. The heights of the driver's eye and objects are specified inthe Caltrans Highway Design Manual, Section 201.

Sign. A structure, device, figure, display, message placard, or other contrivance, or any part thereof, situated outdoors or indoors, which is designed, constructed, intended, or used to advertise, or to provide information in the nature of advertising, to direct or attract attention to an object, person, institution, business, product, service, event, or location by any means, including words, letters, figures, designs, symbols, fixtures, colors, illumination, or projected images. Does not include murals, paintings and other works of art that are not intended to advertise or identify any business or product. Types of signs include the following.

1.	Abandoned Sign. A sign that no longer advertises a business, lessor, owner, product, service or activity on the premises where the sign is displayed.
2.	Animated or Moving Sign. A sign which uses movement, lighting, or special materials to depict action or create a special effect to imitate movement.
3.	Awning Sign. A sign copy or logo attached to or painted on an awning.
4.	Banner, Flag, or Pennant. Cloth, bunting, plastic, paper, or similar non-rigid material used for advertising purposes attached to a structure, staff, pole, line, framing, or vehicle, not including official flags of the United States, the State of California, and other states of the nation, counties, municipalities, official flags of foreign nations and nationally or internationally recognized organizations.
5.	Bench Sign. Copy painted on a portion of a bench.
6.	Cabinet Sign (Can Sign). A sign which contains all the text and/or logo symbols within a single enclosed cabinet and may or may not be internally illuminated.
7.	Changeable Copy Sign. A sign designed to allow the changing of copy through manual, mechanical, or electrical means including time and temperature.
8.	Directional Sign. An on-site sign which is designed and erected solely for the purposes of directing vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic within a project.
9.	Directory Sign. A sign for listing the tenants and their suite numbers of a multiple tenant structure or center.
10.	Double-Faced Sign. A sign constructed to display its message on the outer surfaces of two identical and/or opposite parallel planes.
11.	Electronic Reader Board Sign. A sign with a fixed or changing display composed of a series of lights, but not including time and temperature displays.
12.	Flashing Sign. A sign that contains an intermittent or sequential flashing light source.
13.	Freestanding Sign. A sign fixed in an upright position on the ground not attached to a structure other than a framework, pole or device, erected primarily to support the sign. Includes monument signs and pole signs.
14.	Illegal Sign. A sign that includes any of the following:
	a.	A sign erected without complying with all regulations in effect at the time of its construction or use;
	b.	A sign that was legally erected, but whose use has ceased, the structure upon which the display is placed has been abandoned by its owner, or the sign is not being used to identify or advertise an on-going business for a period of not less than 90 days;
	c.	A sign that was legally erected which later became nonconforming as a result of the adoption of an ordinance, the amortization period for the display provided by the ordinance rending the display conforming has expired, and conformance has not been accomplished;
	d.	A sign that was legally erected which later became nonconforming and then was damaged to the extent of 50 percent or more of its current replacement value;
	e.	A sign which is a danger to the public or is unsafe;
	f.	A sign which is a traffic hazard not created by relocation of streets or highways or by acts of the City; or
	g.	A sign that pertains to a specific event, and five days have elapsed since the occurrence of the event.
15.	Indirectly Illuminated Sign. A sign whose light source is external to the sign and which casts its light onto the sign from some distance.
16.	Internally Illuminated Sign. A sign whose light source is located in the interior of the sign so that the rays go through the face of the sign, or light source which is attached to the face of the sign and is perceived as a design element of the sign.
17.	Marquee (Canopy) Sign. A sign which is attached to or otherwise made a part of a permanent roof-like structure which projects beyond the building wall in the form of a large canopy to provide protection from the weather.
18.	Monument Sign. An independent, freestanding structure supported on the ground having a solid base as opposed to being supported by poles or open braces.
19.	Multi-Tenant Sign. An identification sign for a commercial site with multiple tenants, displaying the names of each tenant on the site.
20.	Nonconforming Sign. An advertising structure or sign that was lawfully erected and maintained prior to the adoption of this Zoning Code, but does not now completely comply with current regulations.
21.	Off-Site Directional Sign. A sign identifying a publicly owned facility, emergency facility, or a temporary subdivision sign, but excluding real estate signs.
22.	Off-Site Sign. A sign identifying a use, facility, service, or product which is not located, sold, or manufactured on the same premises as the sign or which identifies a use, service, or product by a brand name which, although sold or manufactured on the premises, does not constitute the principal item for sale or manufactured on the premises.
23.	Permanent Sign. A sign constructed of durable materials and intended to exist for the duration of time that the use or occupant is located on the premises.
24.	Political Sign. A sign designed for the purpose of advertising support of or opposition to a candidate or proposition for a public election.
25.	Pole/Pylon Sign. An elevated freestanding sign, typically supported by one or two poles or columns.
26.	Portable Sidewalk Sign. An "a-frame" or "sandwich board" sign.
27.	Portable Sign. A sign that is not permanently affixed to a structure or the ground.
28.	Projecting Sign. A sign other than a wall sign suspending from, or supported by, a structure and projecting outward.
29.	Real Estate Sign. A sign indicating that a property or any portion thereof is available for inspection, sale, lease, rent, or directing people to a property, but not including temporary subdivision signs.
30.	Roof Sign. A sign constructed upon or over a roof, or placed so as to extend above the edge of the roof.
31.	Temporary Sign. A sign intended to be displayed for a limited period of time and capable of being viewed from a public right-of-way, parking area or neighboring property.
32.	Vehicle Sign. A sign which is attached to or painted on a vehicle which is parked on or adjacent to any property, the principal purpose of which is to attract attention to a product sold or business located on the property.
33.	Wall Sign. A sign which is attached to or painted on the exterior wall of a structure with the display surface of the sign approximately parallel to the building wall.
34.	Wayfinding Sign. A sign used by pedestrian traffic to help navigate within a designated area to Public/Civic Amenities or Businesses.
	a.	Business Wayfinding. A sign used by pedestrian traffic to help navigate within a designated area to a private business.
	b.	Public/Civic Amenity Wayfinding. A sign used by pedestrian traffic to help navigate within a designated area to public/civic locations and amenities. Examples of Public/Civic Amenities may include, but not be limited to public restrooms, public parking, City Hall, SMART Station, Transit Mall, and local historic landmarks.
	c.	Sign Plaque. A singular sign part of a wayfinding sign program used for Business Wayfinding or Public/Civic Amenity Wayfinding.
	d.	Sign Post. A vertical sturdy piece of metal upright in the ground and used to support a Wayfinding Sign Plaque.
	e.	Sign Header. A prominent sign displaying the name of the district of the Wayfinding Sign Program at the top of a Sign Post placed above the associated Sign Plaques.
	f.	Iconography. Visual symbols and images on a Sign Plaque to convey a location or event.
	g.	Pictogram. A pictorial symbol that represents activities, facilities or concepts as defined in the California Building Code.
35.	Window Sign. A sign posted, painted, placed, or affixed in or on a window exposed to public view. An interior sign which faces a window exposed to public view and is located within five feet of the window.

Sign Area. See Section 20-38.060 (General Requirements for All Signs).

Sign Height. See Section 20-38.060 (General Requirements for All Signs).

Significant Additions or Reconstruction. Demolition or reconstruction of more than 50 percent of existing buildings at a community shopping center; additions or new buildings that would increase the gross building area of existing shopping centers by more than 50 percent. Does not include interior tenant improvements within an existing shell.

Single Family Attached (SFA). A one-unit structure attached to another unit by a common wall, commonly referred to as a townhouse or half-plex. The shared wall or walls extend from the foundation to the roof with adjoining units to form a property line. Each unit has individual heating and plumbing systems, as defined by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). Single Family Attached includes zero-lot line two-story dwellings where no unit is located over another unit; and two or more directly abutting zero-lot line single-story dwellings. One Single Family Attached unit is on its own parcel.

Single Family Detached (SFD). A one-unit structure with open space on all four sides, as defined by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). Single Family Detached includes factory-built, modular housing units, constructed in compliance with the California Building Code (CBC), and mobile homes/manufactured housing units that comply with the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974, placed on permanent foundations.

Single-Family Dwelling. A building designed for and/or occupied exclusively by one family. Also includes factory-built, modular housing units, constructed in compliance with the Uniform Building Code (UBC), and mobile homes/manufactured housing units that comply with the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety

Standards Act of 1974, placed on permanent foundations. Attached (including condominiums, townhouses, etc.) and rowhouse single-family dwellings are included under the definition of "Multi-Family Dwelling."

Single Room Occupancy Facility. A residential building including multiple Single Room Occupancy units.

Single Room Occupancy Unit. A living space with a minimum floor area of 150 square feet and a maximum of 400 square feet restricted to occupancy by no more than two persons. Kitchen and bathroom facilities may be wholly or partially included in each living space or may be fully shared.

Site. A parcel or adjoining parcels under single ownership or single control, and/or considered a unit for the purposes of development or other use.

Site Coverage. The percentage of total site area occupied by structures, not including pavement. Includes the primary structure, all accessory structures (e.g., carports, garages, patio covers, storage sheds, trash dumpster enclosures, etc.) and architectural features (e.g., chimneys, balconies, decks above the first floor, porches, stairs, etc.). Structure/building coverage is measured from exterior wall to exterior wall.

Slope, Average. Average slope shall be determined by the formula:

In which S equals the average slope, I equals the contour interval in feet, L equals the combined length in feet of all contours on the parcel, and A equals the parcel area in acres.

Small Family Day Care Home. See "Day Care."

Small Lot Residential Project. See Section 20-42.140 (Residential Small Lot Subdivisions).

Social Service Organization. A public or quasi-public establishment providing social and/or rehabilitation services, serving persons with social or personal problems requiring special services, the handicapped, and the otherwise disadvantaged. Examples of this land use include: counseling centers, welfare offices, job counseling and training centers, or vocational rehabilitation agencies. Includes organizations soliciting funds to be used directly for these and related services, and establishments engaged in community improvement and neighborhood development. Does not include day-care services, emergency shelters and transitional housing, or "Residential Care," which are separately defined; or soup kitchens, which are included under "Personal Services—Restricted."

Sports and Entertainment Assembly. A large-scale indoor or outdoor facility accommodating spectator-oriented sports, concerts, and other entertainment activities. Examples of this land use include amphitheaters, race tracks, stadiums and coliseums. May also include commercial facilities customarily associated with the above uses, including bars and restaurants, gift shops, video game arcades, etc.

Sports and Active Recreation Facility. Public and private facilities for various outdoor sports and other types of recreation, where the facilities are oriented more toward participants than spectators. Examples include:

•	athletic/sport fields (e.g., baseball, football, softball, soccer)
•	health and athletic club outdoor facilities
•	skateboard parks
•	swimming pools
•	tennis and other sport courts (e.g., handball, squash)

Stepback. A building stepback requirement specifies the number of feet a building should recede from the build-to line of the floor below it, and is provided for all floors above a specified story. Stepbacks help create a continuous street wall edge, reduce the appearance of a building's scale and streetscape presence, and help control wind at the ground level. A six-foot minimum stepback ensures a visual break in multistory structures, and provides the minimum width for a functional balcony.

Storage—Accessory. The indoor storage of materials accessory and incidental to a primary use is not considered a land use separate from the primary use.

Storage—Outdoor. The storage of various materials outside of a structure other than fencing, either as an accessory or primary use.

Storage—Personal Storage Facility. Structures containing generally small, individual, compartmentalized stalls or lockers rented as individual storage spaces and characterized by low parking demand.

Story. For the purposes of this Code, the definition for story shall be identical to that contained within the most current California Building Code.

Street. A public thoroughfare accepted by the City, which affords principal means of access to abutting property, including avenue, place, way, drive, lane, boulevard, highway, road, and any other thoroughfare except an alley as defined in this Subsection.

Street Furniture (Furnishings). Objects and pieces of equipment installed within the public right-of-way intended to enhance the public realm, improve pedestrian safety, and support a walkable environment such as banners, benches and seating, leaning bars, bicycle racks and corrals, bollards, community kiosks and newspaper racks, wayfinding and directional signage, planters, public art, waste receptacles, and transit shelters, among others.

Structure. Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires attachment to the ground or attachment to something located on the ground. For the purposes of this Zoning Code, the term "structure" includes "buildings," but does not include swimming pools.

Studio—Art, Dance, Martial Arts, Music, Etc. A small scale facility, typically accommodating one group of students at a time, in no more than one instructional space. Larger facilities are included under the definition of "Schools." Examples of these facilities include: individual and group instruction and training in the arts; production rehearsal; photography, and the processing of photographs produced only by users of the studio facilities; martial arts training studios; gymnastics instruction, and aerobics and gymnastics studios with no other fitness facilities or equipment. Also includes production studios for individual musicians, painters, sculptors, photographers, and other artists.

Subdivision. The division, by any subdivider, of any unit or portion of land shown on the latest equalized Sonoma County assessment roll as a unit or contiguous units, for the purpose of sale, lease or financing, whether immediate or future. Property shall be considered as contiguous units, even if it is separated by roads, streets, utility easement or railroad rights-of-way. Subdivision includes the following, as defined in Civil Code Section 2015: a condominium project; a community apartment project; or the conversion of five or more existing dwelling units to a stock cooperative.

Subdivision Map Act, or Map Act. Division 2, Title 7 of the California Government Code, commencing with Section 66410 as presently constituted, and any amendments to those provisions.

Supportive Housing. Housing that is occupied by a target population, such as low income persons with mental disabilities, substance abuse or chronic health conditions or as defined in California Assembly Bill 2162. Services typically include assistance designed to meet the needs of the target population in retaining housing, living and working in the community, and/or improving health and may include case management, mental health treatment, and life skills. There is typically no limit on the length of stay, and the housing is linked to on-site or off-site services.

Definitions, "T."

Tasting Room. Facility allowing beer/wine tasting with on-site and off-site retail sales directly to the public (or shipped). The tasting room facility must be directly affiliated with a minimum of one brewery/winery (meeting the requirements of the Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) appropriate license type such as: Type 2 Winegrower license or Type 23 Microbrewery license). The Tasting Room may be operated within a brewery/winery facility, accessory to separate on-site use or as a stand-alone retail use. Tasting Rooms must comply with standard retail land use hours of operation (7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.).

Taxi or Limousine Dispatch Facility. A base facility from which taxis and limousines are dispatched.

Telecommunications. The following terms are defined for use with Chapter 20-44 (Telecommunications Facilities).

1.	Public View. Some portion of the telecommunication facility will be readily visible from a public street or other public area, or from four or more adjoining private properties.
2.	Readily Visible. An object that stands out as a prominent feature on the landscape when viewed with the naked eye from a public street or other public area.
3.	Telecommunications Antennas. Broadcast and receiving antennas for radio, television, telegraph, telephone, wireless data network, and other wireless communications, including earth stations for satellite-based communications. Includes support structures and ancillary equipment buildings. Does not include telephone, telegraph and cable television transmission facilities utilizing hard-wired or direct cable connections.
4.	Telecommunications Facilities. Structures other than telecommunications antenna equipment buildings that are primarily for accommodating equipment for any of the following or similar services.
	a.	A telephone service provider, whether wireless or non-wireless, digital or analog, or otherwise where customer or subscriber lines are joined or connected to switching equipment that connects customers or subscribers to each other. Includes telephone switching facilities.
	b.	A data center housing one or more large computer systems and related equipment for collecting, maintaining, and/or processing data, and providing other data processing services.
	c.	A "server farm," or group of computer network servers that are housed in one location. Includes equipment facilities for Internet service providers.
5.	Telecommunication Tower. A mast, pole, monopole, guyed tower, lattice tower, freestanding tower, or other structure designed and primarily used to support antennas. A ground or building mounted mast no more than 12 feet in height and six inches in diameter shall not be considered a telecommunication tower.

Temporary Activities and Structures. The following terms and phrases are defined for the purposes of Section 20-52.040 (Temporary Use Permits).

1.	Temporary Activity. A short-term activity that is needed to fulfill a short-term need. The activity may be approved for a specified period of time, but in no case longer than 12 months.
2.	Temporary Structure. The construction, erection, or placement of a structure for a specified period of time, but in no case longer than 12 months.

Temporary Housing Local Contact. A Temporary Housing Local Contact shall consist of the property owner or their agent, who is available 24 hours per day, seven days per week, for the purpose of responding within 30 minutes to complaints regarding the condition, operation, or conduct of the Temporary Housing or its occupants, and for taking any remedial action necessary to resolve such complaints, including visiting the Temporary Housing, if necessary, within 45 minutes after initial complaint.

Temporary Housing. Temporary structures for habitation, including, but not limited to, trailers, recreational vehicles, manufactured homes, tiny homes, and converted storage containers. Temporary Housing is not considered a Primary Residence or Primary Structure.

Temporary Storage. A building or structure intended and/or used for the protection and storage of personal property and not used for human habitation, including but not limited to storage containers and sheds. Temporary Storage is not considered a Primary Structure.

Theater, Auditorium. An indoor facility for public assembly and group entertainment, other than sporting events. Examples of these facilities include:

•	civic theaters, and facilities for "live" theater and concerts
•	movie theaters
•	similar public assembly facilities

See also "Sports and Entertainment Assembly."

Thoroughfare. A way for use by vehicular, pedestrian, and/or bicycle traffic that provides access to design sites and open space. Thoroughfares include public streets. See "Street."

Tobacco, Electronic Smoking Device, or Drug Paraphernalia. (1) Any device intended or designed primarily for use by individuals for the smoking or ingestion of tobacco, notwithstanding that the device may also be used for the smoking or ingestion of marijuana, hashish, hashish oil, cocaine or any other "controlled substance," as that term is defined in the Health and Safety Code; examples of such devices include, but are not limited to: "pipes," "bongs," "hookahs," "vaporizers," "roach clips," "electric pipes," "buzz bombs," "blunts" or similar devices; (2) any equipment, product, or material that is modified for making, using, or concealing illegal drugs such as cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine; (3) cartridges, cartomizers, e-liquid, smoke juice, tips, atomizers, electronic smoking device batteries, electronic smoking device chargers, and any other item specifically designed for the preparation, charging, or use of electronic smoking devices; (4) an electronic smoking device.

Tobacco or Smoke Shop. Any store, stand, booth, or concession that devotes 30% or more of its display floor area to tobacco products, or to the display and sale of tobacco, electronic smoking devices, or drug paraphernalia to purchasers for consumption or use. This classification of use does not include medical cannabis dispensaries which are defined separately and regulated by Chapter 10-40 (Medical Cannabis Dispensaries) in the Santa Rosa City Code.

Tobacco Product. (1) Any product containing tobacco leaf including, but not limited to, cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, hookah tobacco, snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, bidis, or any other preparation of tobacco; and (2) any product or formulation of matter containing biologically active amounts of nicotine that is manufactured, sold, offered for sale, or otherwise distributed with the expectation that the product or matter will be introduced into the human body, but does not include any product specifically approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for use in treating nicotine or tobacco dependence.

Townhouse. A single-family dwelling unit constructed in groups of attached units in which each unit extends from foundation to roof and with a yard or public way on not less than two sides, as defined by the International Residential Code (IRC). See "Single Family Attached."

Transit Station or Terminal. A passenger station for vehicular, and rail mass transit systems; Includes buses, taxis, railway, etc.

Transitional Housing. Shelter provided for the homeless for an extended period from six months, and often as long as 24 months, but where the space is re-occupied by another program recipient after a set period. Generally the housing is integrated with other social services and counseling programs to assist in the transition to selfsufficiency through the acquisition of a stable income and permanent housing.

Truck or Freight Terminal. A transportation facility furnishing services incidental to air, motor freight, and rail transportation. Examples of these facilities include:

•	freight forwarding services
•	freight terminal facilities
•	joint terminal and service facilities
•	overnight mail processing facilities
•	packing, crating, inspection and weighing services
•	postal service bulk mailing distribution centers
•	transportation arrangement services
•	trucking facilities, including transfer and storage

Definitions, "U."

Unbundled Parking. Unbundled parking spaces are those spaces that are separated from the cost of housing, meaning that residents with no vehicles would realize a cost savings by not leasing a parking space. Correspondingly, residents may pay more to lease more than one parking space.

Use. See "Land Use."

Use, Primary. See "Primary Use."

Utility Facility. A permanent structure or facility serving as a junction point for transferring a utility services product from transmission lines to local distribution and service lines, whether for electricity, natural gas, or domestic water supply. These uses include any of the following facilities that are not exempted from land use permit requirements by Government Code Section 53091:

•	corporation and maintenance yards.
•	electrical substations and switching stations
•	natural gas regulating and distribution facilities
•	public water system wells, treatment plants and storage
•	wastewater treatment plants, settling ponds and disposal fields

These uses do not include office or customer service centers, which are classified in "Offices"; or transmission, switching, distribution, or service facilities for telephone or other telecommunications services, which are instead classified in "Telecommunications Facilities."

Utility Infrastructure. Pipelines for water, natural gas, and sewage collection and disposal; and facilities for the transmission of electrical energy for sale, including transmission lines for a public utility company. Also includes telephone, telegraph, cable television and other communications transmission facilities utilizing direct physical conduits. Does not include offices or service centers (see "Offices—Business/Service"), or distribution substations (see "Utility Facility").

Definitions, "V."

Vehicle Services. The repair, servicing, alteration, restoration, towing, painting, cleaning, or finishing of automobiles, trucks, recreational vehicles, boats and other vehicles as a primary use, including the incidental wholesale and retail sale of vehicle parts as an accessory use. This use includes the following categories.

Major Repair/Body Work. These establishments include major engine and/or transmission repair and/or building, towing, collision repair, other body work, and painting services; tire recapping.

Minor Maintenance/Repair. Minor facilities providing limited repair and maintenance services. Examples include: air conditioning service and repair, attended and self-service car washes, detailing services, engine tune-up, installation and/or repair of engine accessories such as starters, muffler and radiator shops, paintless dent repair, quick-lube services, smog shops, tire and battery sales and installation (not including recapping), windshield repair, and similar routine maintenance and repair services

Does not include automobile parking (see "Parking Facilities"), repair shops that are part of a vehicle dealership on the same site (see "Auto and Vehicle Sales and Rental," and "Mobile Home, RV, and Boat Sales"); gas stations, which are separately defined; or dismantling yards, which are included under "Recycling Facility—Scrap and Dismantling Yards."

Vehicle Storage. A service facility for the long-term storage of operative cars, trucks, buses, recreational vehicles, and other motor vehicles, for clients. Does not include dismantling yards (classified in "Recycling Facility— Scrap and Dismantling Yards").

Very Low Vehicle Travel Area. An urbanized area, as designated by the United States Census Bureau, where existing residential development generates vehicle miles traveled per capita that is below 85 percent of either regional vehicle miles traveled per capita, or City vehicle miles traveled per capita. For purposes of this paragraph, "area" may include a travel analysis zone, hexagon, or grid. For purposes of determining "regional vehicle miles traveled per capita," a "region" is the entirety of incorporated and unincorporated areas governed by a multicounty or single-county metropolitan planning organization.

Vision Triangle and Driveway Vision Triangle. The vision triangle is a triangle of land bounded by the curb line or edge of roadway of two intersecting streets where development is limited to provide necessary visibility. A driveway vision triangle is a triangle of land bounded by a line along the driveway edge abutting the sidewalk, and a line along the back of sidewalk, where development is limited to provide necessary visibility. See Section 20-30.110.

Definitions, "W."

Warehouse Retail. A retail store that emphasizes the packaging and sale of products in large quantities or volumes, some at discounted prices, where products are typically displayed in their original shipping containers. Sites and buildings are usually large and industrial in character. Patrons may be required to pay membership fees.

Warehouse, Wholesaling and Distribution. These facilities include:

Warehouses. Facilities for the storage of furniture, household goods, or other commercial goods of any nature. Includes cold storage. Does not include: warehouse, storage or mini-storage facilities offered for rent or lease to the general public (see "Storage—Personal Storage Facilities"); warehouse facilities in which the primary purpose of storage is for wholesaling and distribution (see "Wholesaling and Distribution"); or terminal facilities for handling freight (see "Truck or Freight Terminals").

Wholesaling and Distribution. Establishments engaged in selling merchandise to retailers; to contractors, industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, or professional business users; to other wholesalers; or acting as agents or brokers in buying merchandise for or selling merchandise to such persons or companies. Examples of these establishments include:

•	agents, merchandise or commodity brokers, and commission merchants
•	assemblers, buyers and associations engaged in the cooperative marketing of farm products
•	merchant wholesalers
•	stores primarily selling electrical, plumbing, heating and air conditioning supplies and equipment.

Also includes storage, processing, packaging, and shipping facilities for mail order and e-commerce retail establishments.

Waterway. The following terms and phrases are defined for the purposes of Section 20-30.040 (Creekside Development).

1.	Channelized Waterway. Any natural waterway that has been constructed into a vertical wall or trapezoidal sectioned concrete, rip-rap, or earthen channel for the purpose of providing flood control and/or improving bank stability.
2.	Modified Waterway. Any natural waterway that has been altered by development or agricultural activities (e.g., widening, realigning, filling, straightening, or otherwise channelizing) and often results in the removal of riparian vegetation and disruption of habitat.
3.	Modified Natural Waterway. Any natural waterway that has been altered by development or agricultural activities that may include widening, realigning, filling, straightening, or otherwise channelizing, but which exhibits considerable riparian vegetation, fish, wildlife habitat, and/or scenic values.
4.	Natural Waterway. A waterway in a state that is, for the most part, unaltered by development or agricultural activities. Usually, a natural waterway is bordered by riparian vegetation and serves as fish or wildlife habitat and exhibits scenic values.
5.	Waterway. A natural or once natural flow (perennially or intermittently) water course including rivers, streams, and creeks that have a discernable channel. This includes natural waterways and modified waterways that have been channelized or otherwise altered. A waterway has a defined bed and bank, except on hillsides where the waterway may be a grassed swale.
6.	Waterway (Channel) Maintenance. Work within a waterway corridor to reduce risk to people or property from floods, fires or other hazards. Waterway maintenance may include activities such as vegetation trimming, herbicides or pesticides application, debris or trash removal, vegetation removal, or similar maintenance activities. Projects that involve waterway alterations should not be considered waterway maintenance.
7.	Waterway Corridor. A waterway with a band of upland vegetation adjacent to the riparian vegetation. From a biological perspective, the waterway corridor should extend at least 100 feet out from top of bank. From a practical standpoint, given the cost of land and land development and other policies to provide affordable housing, the waterway corridor is defined in Zoning Code Section 20-30.040 (Creekside Development) as the creek setback extends a minimum of 50 feet from top of bank. The corridor should be extended beyond the minimum established in the Zoning Code to protect existing riparian vegetation.
8.	Waterway Restoration or Enhancement. The process of returning the resource to a former or more natural condition.
9.	Waterway Setback. The creek setback established by Section 20-30.040 (Creekside Development). It means the minimum distance that development must be located from a waterway's physical top of bank. See also "Waterway Corridor" above.

Wildlife Preserve or Sanctuary. A site with wildlife habitat and other environmental resources intended to be preserved in their natural state.

Winery—Boutique. Winery producing 10,000 cases of wine or less per year where all aspects of production occur within the foot print of the structure. Use includes fruit processing, fermentation, pressing, barrel and bottle storage, bottling, wine tasting, and direct retail sale of wine. Participation in events involving multiple wineries is permitted to occur one time per 90-day period. All other events require separate approval (Temporary CUP or City Special Event Permit).

Winery—Production. Winery producing more than 10,000 cases of wine per year. Use includes fruit processing, fermentation, pressing, barrel and bottle storage, bottling, wine tasting, and direct retail sale of wine. Participation in events involving multiple wineries is permitted to occur one time per 90-day period. All other events require separate approval (Temporary CUP or City Special Event Permit). In addition, uses which produce 10,000 cases of beverage or less, but which do not meet one or more of the additional requirements to be considered a "Boutique" winery, are "Production" wineries.

Wing. When used in conjunction with main body, describes a building volume attached to the main body which is smaller in width and overall height than the main body. A wing projects at least five feet from the main body; a volume that projects less than five feet is considered part of the main body for measurement purposes. See Subsection 20-28.100.I.2 (Methodology, Measurement of dimensions) for measurement method. See also "Main Body."

Work/Live Unit. See "Live/Work and Work/Live Units."

Definitions, "X." No specialized terms beginning with the letter "X" are defined at this time.

Definitions, "Y."

Yard. An area between a lot line and a structure, unobstructed and unoccupied from the ground upward, except for projections permitted by this Zoning Code. See also "Setback," and Section 20-30.110 (Setback Requirements and Exceptions).

Front Yard. An area extending across the full width of the lot between the front lot line and the primary structure, except as otherwise determined by the Director.

Rear Yard. An area extending the full width of the lot between a rear lot line and the primary structure.

Side Yard. An area between a side lot line and the primary structure extending between the front and rear yards, except as otherwise determined by the Director.

Definitions, "Z."

Zero Emission Vehicle. A vehicle that does not emit exhaust gas or other pollutants from the onboard source of power under any and all possible operational modes and conditions.

Zero Lot Line. The location of a building on a lot in such a manner that one or more exterior building walls directly abut an adjacent lot line.

Zoning Administrator. The City of Santa Rosa Zoning Administrator.

Zoning Code. The City of Santa Rosa Zoning Code, Title 20 of the Santa Rosa City Code, referred to herein as "this Zoning Code."

Zoning District. Any of the residential, commercial, public, or overlay districts established by Division 2 of this Zoning Code (Zoning Districts and Allowable Land Uses), within which certain land uses are allowed or prohibited, and certain site planning and development standards are established (e.g., setbacks, height limits, site coverage requirements, etc.).

(Ord. 3677 § 1, 2004; Ord. 3711 § 1 Exh. A, 2005; Ord. 3750 § 1, 2005; Ord. 3760 § 4, 2006; Ord. 3766 § 4, 2006; Ord. 3889 § 2, 2008; Ord. 3908 § 3, 2009; Ord. 3950 § 17, 2010; Ord. 3968 § 27, 2011; Ord. 3981 §§ 3—5, 2012; Ord. 3985 § 7, 2012; Ord. 3987 §§ 7—9, 2012; Ord. 3989 §§ 6, 7, 2012; Ord. 3992 § 6, 2012; Ord. 3994 §§ 4, 5, 2012; Ord. 3995 § 15, 2012; Ord. 3997 § 6, 2012; Ord. 4001 § 8, 2012; Ord. 4002 § 8, 2012; Ord. 4028 § 4, 2014; Ord. 4042 §§ 1, 2, 2015; Ord. 4045 §§ 2—4, 2015; Ord. 4074 § 7, 2016; Ord. 2017-024 §§ 9, 10; Ord. 2017-025 § 7; Ord. 2020-001 §§ 10, 11; Ord. 2020-003 § 4; Ord. 2020-014 § 35; Ord. 2021-012 §§ 40, 41; Ord. 2022-010 §§ 6, 7; Ord. 2023-006, 6/6/2023; Ord. 2024-004, 2/27/2024; Ord. 2024-005, 4/9/2024; Ord. 2024-012, 11/19/2024; Ord. 2025-003, 2/25/2025; Ord. 2025-004, 3/18/2025; Ord. 2025-001, 1/28/2025; Ord. 2025-014, 11/18/2025)