[Amended 3-12-2024 by Ord. No. 24-32; 8-5-2025 by Ord. No. 25-82]
The following criteria shall be used by the Site Plan Review Committee and the Planning Board in reviewing applications for site plan review and shall serve as minimum requirements for approval of the application. The application shall be approved unless the Site Plan Review Committee or the Planning Board determines that the applicant has failed to meet one or more of these standards. In all instances, the burden of proof shall be on the applicant and such burden of proof shall include the production of evidence sufficient to warrant a finding that all applicable criteria have been met.
A. Utilization of the site. The plan for the development will reflect the natural capabilities of the site to support development. Buildings, lots and support facilities will be clustered in those portions of the site that have the most suitable conditions for development. Environmentally sensitive areas such as wetlands, steep slopes, floodplains and unique natural features will be maintained and preserved to the maximum extent. Natural drainage areas will be preserved to the maximum extent.
B. Access to the site.
(1) Vehicular access to the site will be on roads which have adequate capacity to accommodate the additional traffic generated by the development. For developments which generate 100 or more peak hour trips based on the latest edition of the Trip Generation Manual of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, intersections on major access routes to the site within one mile of any entrance road which are functioning at a Level of Service of C or better prior to the development will function at a minimum at Level of Service C after development. If any intersection is functioning at a Level of Service D or lower prior to the development, the project will not reduce the current level of service.
(2) The Planning Board or Site Plan Review Committee may approve a development not meeting this requirement if the applicant demonstrates that:
(a) A public agency has committed funds to construct the improvements necessary to bring the level of access to this standard; or
(b) The applicant will assume financial responsibility for the improvements necessary to bring the level of service to this standard and will guarantee the completion of the improvements within one year of approval of the project.
C. Access into the site. Vehicular access into the development will provide for safe and convenient access.
(1) Any exit driveway or proposed street will be so designed as to provide the minimum sight distance to meet Maine Department of Transportation standards.
(2) Points of access will be located to avoid hazardous conflicts with existing turning movements and traffic flows.
(3) The grade of any proposed drive or street will be -2.0% for a minimum of five feet from the existing pavement edge or to the center line of the existing drainage swale. From the above control point, a grade of not more than -3% shall be required for a minimum of two car lengths or 40 feet.
(4) The intersection of any access drive or proposed street will function at a Level of Service of C following development if the project will generate an ADT of 1,000 or more vehicle trips, or at a level which will allow safe access into and out of the project if less than 1,000 trips are generated.
(5) Projects generating an ADT of 1,000 or more vehicle trips will provide two or more separate points of vehicular access into and out of the site.
D. Internal vehicular circulation. The layout of the site will provide for the safe movement of passenger, service and emergency vehicles through the site.
(1) Nonresidential projects will provide a clear route for delivery vehicles with appropriate geometric design to allow turning and backing for WB-40 vehicles.
(2) Clear routes of access will be provided and maintained for emergency vehicles around all buildings and will be posted with appropriate signage (fire lane - no parking).
(3) The layout and design of parking areas will provide for safe and convenient circulation of vehicles throughout the lot and will prohibit vehicles from backing out onto a street.
(4) All roadways will be designed to harmonize with the topographic and natural features of the site. The road network will provide for vehicular and pedestrian safety, all-season emergency access, snow storage, and delivery and collection services.
E. Pedestrian relationships and facilities. Adequate pedestrian facilities shall be provided to and within the development if any part of the development is in the Pedestrian Overlay District.
F. Stormwater management. Adequate provisions will be made for the disposal of all stormwater collected on streets, parking areas, roofs or other impervious surfaces through a stormwater drainage system and maintenance plan which will not have adverse impacts on abutting or downstream properties.
(1) To the extent possible, the plan will detain stormwater on the land at the site of development, and do so through the wise use of the natural features of the site. Stormwater runoff systems will detain or retain water falling on the site such that the rate of flow from the site does not exceed the pre-development rate. Discharge of additional stormwater caused by the development onto adjacent properties will be prohibited unless written easements are obtained from the owners of such adjacent properties.
(2) If the post-development runoff is greater than pre-development runoff, the developer will demonstrate that downstream channel or system capacity is sufficient to carry the flow without adverse effects, or will be responsible for the improvements to provide the required increase in capacity.
(3) All natural drainage ways will be preserved at their natural gradients and will not be filled or converted to a closed system except as approved by the Planning Board and appropriate state agencies.
(4) The design of stormwater drainage systems will be based upon a storm frequency established by the Town Engineer, consistent with the frequency that would otherwise be required under the Town's subdivision ordinance, and shall provide for the disposal of stormwater without damage to streets, adjacent properties or downstream properties.
(5) The design of the storm drainage systems will be fully cognizant of upstream runoff which must pass over or through the site to be developed.
(6) The biological and chemical properties of the receiving waters will not be degraded by the stormwater runoff from the development site. The use of oil and grease traps in manholes, the use of on-site vegetated waterways, and the reduction in use of deicing salts and fertilizers may be required, especially where the development stormwater discharges into a gravel aquifer area or other water supply source.
G. Erosion control.
(1) For all projects, building and site designs and roadway layouts will fit and utilize existing topography and desirable natural surroundings to the fullest extent possible. Filling, excavation and earth moving activity will be kept to a minimum. Parking lots on sloped areas will be terraced to avoid undue cuts and fills, and the need for retaining walls. Natural vegetation will be preserved and protected wherever possible.
(2) During construction, soil erosion and sedimentation of watercourses and water bodies will be minimized by an active program meeting the requirements of the Cumberland County Soil and Water Conservation District's best management practices.
H. Water supply.
(1) The development will be provided with a system of water supply that provides each use with an adequate supply of water meeting the standards of the State of Maine for drinking water. When required by Part
2, Article
2-10, of the Land Use and Development Code, the project shall be served by public water provided by the Portland Water District.
(2) If a public water supply system is to be used, the developer has secured in writing a statement from the Water District that the proposed water supply system conforms with its design and construction standards, will not result in an undue burden on the source or distribution system, and will be installed in a manner adequate to serve domestic water and fire protection needs.
I. Sewage disposal. A sanitary sewer system will be installed at the expense of the developer if the project is located within a sewer service area as identified by Chapter
230, Sewers, of the Town Code. The Site Plan Review Committee or Planning Board may allow individual subsurface waste disposal systems to be used where sewer service is not available.
(1) Upstream sewage flows will be accommodated by an adequately sized system through the proposed development for existing conditions and potential development in the upstream area or areas tributary to the proposed development.
(2) All components of sanitary sewerage facilities that connect to the Town system have been designed by a professional engineer licensed in the State of Maine and will be tested in full compliance with the design specifications and construction practices as established by the Town Engineer. The construction of sewer lines will include the construction of laterals to the property line of each lot where individual lots are created.
(3) All individual on-site systems will be designed by a licensed soil evaluator in full compliance with the Maine State Plumbing Code, as amended. Upon the recommendation of the Local Plumbing Inspector, the Site Plan Review Committee or Planning Board may require the location of reserve areas for replacement systems.
J. Utilities. The development will be provided with electrical and telephone service adequate to meet the anticipated use of the project in accordance with Part
2, Article
2-10, §
300-2.47, Provision of underground utilities.
K. Natural features. The landscape will be preserved in its natural state insofar as practical by minimizing tree removal, disturbance and compaction of soil, and by retaining existing vegetation insofar as practical during construction.
(1) Extensive grading and filling will be avoided as far as possible.
(2) Cutting of trees on the northerly borders of the development will be avoided to the extent possible to retain a natural wind buffer.
L. Groundwater protection. The proposed site development and use will not adversely impact either the quality or quantity of groundwater available to abutting properties or public water supply systems. Projects involving on-site water supply or sewage disposal systems with a capacity of 2,000 gallons per day or greater must have demonstrated that the groundwater at the property line will comply, following development, with the standards for safe drinking water as established by the State of Maine.
M. Exterior lighting. The proposed development will provide for adequate exterior lighting to provide for the safe use of the development in nighttime hours.
(1) All exterior lighting will be designed and shielded to avoid undue adverse impact on neighboring properties and rights-of-way.
(2) Lighting shall be provided, at a minimum, in the following areas:
(a) Entrances to facilities and recreation areas;
(c) Pedestrian crossings; and
N. Waste disposal. The proposed development will provide for adequate disposal of solid wastes and hazardous wastes.
(1) All solid waste will be disposed of at a licensed disposal facility having adequate capacity to accept the project's wastes.
(2) All hazardous wastes will be disposed of at a licensed hazardous waste disposal facility and evidence of a contractual arrangement with the facility has been submitted.
O. Landscaping.
(1) The development plan will provide for landscaping to define street edges, break up parking areas, soften the appearance of the development and protect abutting properties from adverse impacts of the development.
(2) The use of invasive terrestrial plants is not allowed in any landscaping on the site.
P. Shoreland relationship. The development will not adversely affect the water quality or shoreline of any adjacent water body. The development plan will provide for access to abutting navigable water bodies for the use of occupants of the development.
Q. Technical and financial capacity. The applicant has demonstrated that they have the financial and technical capacity to carry out the project in accordance with this Land Use and Development Code and the approved plan.
R. Buffering.
(1) The development will provide for the buffering of adjacent uses where there is a transition from one type of use to another use and to screen service and storage areas. The buffer areas required by the district regulations will be improved and maintained.
(2) The use of invasive terrestrial plants is not allowed in any landscaping on the site.
S. Noise. The applicant has demonstrated that the development will comply with the following noise regulations:
(1) The maximum permissible hourly A-weighted equivalent sound level produced by any activity regulated by this Part
4 shall be established by the time period and type of land use listed below in Table 4.9-1. The term A-weighted equivalent sound level shall be as defined by applicable American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Acoustical Terminology.
Table 4.9-1: Sound Level Limits: A-Weighted Hourly Equivalent Sound Level |
|---|
District | Sound Level Limit (dBA) |
|---|
Daytime (7:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m.) | Nighttime (7:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m.) |
|---|
Residential: Urban, Suburban, Rural, Village Center, Office-Residential | 60 | 50 |
Industrial/Commercial: Urban Commercial, Roadside Commercial, Industrial, Narragansett Development | 70 | 60 |
The district classification of a lot is determined by that lot's zoning classification. Where two lots of differing district classifications abut, the residential sound level limit will apply. |
(2) Sound level limits shall apply at all lot lines of the facility or development where the sound is produced, including all Residential District lot lines. Measurements shall be taken in accordance with this Subsection
S, which is generally consistent with appropriate ANSI standards. Sound levels shall be measured at a height of at least five feet (1.52 meters) above the ground surface using a Type 1 or Type 2 sound level meter (as defined by ANSI S1.4) at all major lot lines. The sound level meter and microphone shall be field-calibrated at the site prior to and after conducting the sound level measurements. The sound level meter, microphone and field calibrator shall also have been calibrated by a certified acoustic laboratory within 12 months of field measurements.
(3) Short-duration repetitive sounds are a sequence of repetitive sounds which occur more than once within an hour, each clearly discernible as an event and causing an increase in the sound level of at least six dBA on the fast meter response above the sound level observed immediately before and after the event, each typically less than 10 seconds in duration, and which are inherent to the process or operation of the development. When routine operation of a development produces short-duration repetitive sound, the following maximum limits shall apply:
(a) For the purposes of determining compliance with the above sound level limits, five dBA shall be added to the measured hourly LAeq whenever short-duration repetitive sounds result from routine operation of the development. The resultant adjusted A-weighted hourly equivalent sound shall not exceed the sound level limit (dBA) permitted in the district established by Table 4.9-1.
(b) In addition to the hourly equivalent sound level (LAeq), the maximum sound level (LAFmax) of the short-duration repetitive sounds shall not exceed the following limits:
[1] At any protected lot line for which the zoning is in a Residential District (see Table 4.9-1):
[a] Between 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.: 65 dBA.
[b] Between 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.: 55 dBA.
[2] At any protected lot line for which the zoning is in an Industrial/Commercial District (see Table 4.9-1):
[a] Between 7:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.: 75 dBA.
[b] Between 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m.: 65 dBA.
(4) The noise levels established by this subsection do not apply at lot lines where the abutting property owner has granted a noise easement to the applicant. Such an easement shall state that the abutting property owner agrees that the sound level limits at the shared property line can be exceeded a specified amount but not by more than 10 dBA above the applicable sound level limits. Any agreement or easement concerning noise levels shall be included in the reciprocal deeds, shall be only for the specific noise, land use and term covered by the noise easement, and shall have no effect on the sound level limits applicable to other properties.
(5) As part of the project application to the Town of Gorham, sufficient evidence shall be provided to demonstrate that a proposed new development or modification to an existing development will comply with the applicable sound level limits of this subsection. Submissions to the Planning Board shall include the following:
(a) Site area map. With scale or dimensions, showing the location and arrangement of the proposed development in relation to surrounding land uses, lot lines and zoning districts.
(b) Noise sources. Descriptions, operating hours and sound levels (octave band when appropriate) for noise sources associated with a proposed development.
(c) Noise controls. Descriptions, sketches with scales or dimensions, locations and expected noise reduction of proposed noise control measures required to meet the applicable sound level limits.
(d) Combined sound level. Calculations showing the combined sound level of all regulated noise sources for a proposed development and comparison to the applicable sound level limits.
(6) Once a proposed development begins routine operation, the Planning Board may require demonstration that a proposed development meets the applicable sound level limits. Such a demonstration shall require that sound level measurements include representative daytime and/or nighttime periods for a duration adequate to quantify the loudest modes of routine operation. Measurements shall be conducted during suitable weather conditions and shall be generally consistent with applicable ANSI standards. Compliance measurements shall be conducted during periods of no measurable precipitation, when the ground is not covered with new, freshly fallen snow and downwind when the wind speed measured at 33 feet (10 meters) above the ground is equal to or greater than five miles per hour (1.52 meters per second). Wind speed can be measured on site or taken from the Portland Jetport. A sound testing report shall be provided to the Town that includes a description of measurement procedures, identification of sound level instrumentation and calibration, descriptions of measurement locations, sound level measurements and field observations, measurement and analysis of short-duration repetitive sounds and weather conditions (wind speed and direction, temperature, humidity, cloud cover). Justification for measurements during weather conditions that do not adhere to the requirements set forth in this Subsection
S, if any, shall also be provided.