For the purposes of this chapter, certain words and phrases used in this chapter are defined as follows:
"Applied water"means the portion of water supplied by the irrigation system to the landscape.
"Automatic irrigation controller"means an automatic timing device used to remotely control valves that operate an irrigation system. Automatic irrigation controllers schedule irrigation events using either evapotranspiration (weather based) or soil moisture data.
"Backflow prevention device"means a safety device used to prevent pollution or contamination of the water supply due to the reverse flow of water from the irrigation system.
"Certified irrigation designer"means a person certified to design irrigation systems by an accredited academic institution, a professional trade organization or other program such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense irrigation designer certification program and Irrigation Association's certified irrigation designer program.
"Certified landscape irrigation auditor"means a person certified to perform landscape irrigation audits by an accredited academic institution, a professional trade organization or other program such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense irrigation designer certification program and Irrigation Association's certified irrigation designer program.
"Check valve" or "anti-drain valve"means a valve located under a sprinkler head or other location in the irrigation system to hold water in the system to prevent drainage from sprinkler heads when the sprinkler is off.
"Common interest development"means community apartment projects, condominium projects, planned developments and stock cooperatives per Civic Code Section 1351.
"Compost"means a mixture of organic matter, as from leaves and manure, that has decayed or has been digested by organisms, used to improve soil structure and provide nutrients.
"Drip irrigation"means any non-spray low volume irrigation system utilizing emission devices with a flow rate measured in gallons per hour. Low volume irrigation systems are specifically designed to apply small volumes of water slowly at or near the root zone of plants.
"Emitter"means a drip irrigation emission device that delivers water slowly from the system to the soil.
"Established landscape"means the point at which plants in the landscape have developed significant root growth into the soil. Typically, most plants are established after one or two years of growth.
"Establishment period of the plants"means the first year after installing the plant in the landscape or the first two years if irrigation will be terminated after establishment. Typically, most plants are established after one or two years of growth.
"ET adjustment factor (ETAF)"means a factor of 0.7 that, when applied to reference evapotranspiration, adjusts for plant factors and irrigation efficiency, two major influences upon the amount of water that needs to be applied to the landscape. A combined plant mix with a site-wide average of 0.5 is the basis of the plant factor portion of this calculation. For purposes of the ETAF, the average irrigation efficiency is 0.71. Therefore, the ET adjustment factor is (0.7) = (0.5/0.71). ETAF for a special landscape area shall not exceed 1.0. ETAF for existing non-rehabilitated landscapes is 0.8.
"Evapotranspiration" or "ETo"means a standard measurement of environmental parameters which affect the water use of plants. ETo is expressed in inches per day, month or year and is an estimate of the evapotranspiration of a large field of four to seven inch tall, cool-season grass that is well-watered. Evapotranspiration is used as the basis of determining the maximum applied water allowance so that regional differences in climate can be accommodated.
"Evapotranspiration rate"means the quantity of water evaporated from adjacent soil and other surfaces and transpired by plants during a specified time.
"Flow rate"means the rate at which water flows through pipes, valves and emission devices measured in gallons per minute, gallons per hour or cubic feet per second.
"Hardscapes"means any durable material (pervious and non-pervious).
"Homeowner-provided landscaping"means any landscaping either installed by a private individual for a single-family residence or installed by a licensed contractor hired by a homeowner. A homeowner, for purposes of this chapter, is a person who occupies the dwelling he or she owns. This excludes speculative homes which are not owner-occupied dwellings.
"Hydrozone"means a portion of the landscaped area having plants with similar water needs. A hydrozone may be irrigated or non-irrigated.
"Infiltration rate"means the rate of water entry into the soil expressed as a depth of water per unit of time (e.g., inches per hour).
"Invasive plant species"means species of plants not historically found in California spread outside cultivated areas and can damage environmental or economic resources. Invasive species may be regulated by county agricultural agencies as noxious species. "Noxious weeds" means any weed designated by the weed control regulations in the Weed Control Act and identified on a regional district noxious weed control list. Lists of invasive plants are maintained at the California Invasive Plant Inventory and USDA invasive and noxious weeds database.
"Irrigation audit"means an in-depth evaluation of the performance of an irrigation system conducted by a certified landscape irrigation auditor. An irrigation audit includes, but is not limited to, inspection, system tune-up, system test with distribution uniformity or emission uniformity, reporting overspray or runoff that causes overland flow and preparation of an irrigation schedule.
"Irrigation efficiency (IE)"means the measurement of the amount of water beneficially used divided by the amount of water applied. Irrigation efficiency is derived from measurements and estimates of irrigation system characteristics and management practices. The minimum average irrigation efficiency for purposes of this chapter is 0.71. Greater irrigation efficiency can be expected from well-designed and maintained systems.
"Irrigation survey"means an evaluation of an irrigation system that is less detailed than an irrigation audit. An irrigation survey includes, but is not limited to, inspection, system test and written recommendations to improve performance of the irrigation system.
"Landscape architect"means a person who holds a license to practice landscape architecture in the State of California per Business and Professions Code, Section 5615.
"Landscape area"means all the planting areas, turf areas and water features in a landscape design plan subject to the maximum applied water allowance calculation. The landscape area does not include footprints of buildings or structures, sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, decks, patios, gravel or stone walks, other pervious or non-pervious hardscapes, and other non-irrigated areas designated for non-development (e.g. open spaces and existing native vegetation).
"Landscape contractor"means a person licensed by the State of California to design, construct, maintain, repair, install or subcontract the development of landscape systems.
"Landscape project"means total area of landscape in a project as defined in "landscape area" for the purposes of this chapter, meeting requirements under Section
12.08.050.
means the water delivery pipeline that supplies water to the emitters or sprinklers from the valve.
"Local agency"means the city of Hanford, which is responsible for adopting and implementing this chapter. The city of Hanford is also responsible for the enforcement of this chapter, including, but not limited to, approval of a building or landscape permit for a project.
"Low volume irrigation"means the application of irrigation water at low pressure through a system of tubing or lateral lines and low-volume emitters such as drip, drip lines and bubblers. Low volume irrigation systems are specifically designed to apply small volumes of water slowly at or near the root zone of plants.
"Main line"means the pressurized pipeline that delivers water from the water source to the valve or outlet.
"Maximum applied water allowance (MAWA)"means the upper limit of annual applied water for the established landscaped area as specified in Section
12.08.060. It is based upon the area's reference evapotranspiration, the ET adjustment factor and the size of the landscape area. The estimated total water use shall not exceed the maximum applied water allowance. Special landscape areas, including recreation areas, areas permanently and solely dedicated to edible plants, such as orchards and vegetable gardens, and areas irrigated with recycled water are subject to the MAWA with an ETAF not to exceed 1.0.
means the climate of a small, specific area that may contrast with the climate of the overall landscape area due to factors such as wind, sun exposure, plant density or proximity to reflective surfaces.
"Mined-land reclamation projects"means any surface mining operation with a reclamation plan approved in accordance with the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975.
"Mulch"means any organic material such as leaves, bark, straw, compost or inorganic mineral materials such as rocks, gravel and decomposed granite left loose and applied to the soil surface for the beneficial purposes of reducing evaporation, suppressing weeds, moderating soil temperature and preventing soil erosion.
"MWELO"refers to the Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (MWELO), 23
CCR, Division 2, Chapter 2.7.
means, for the purpose of this chapter, a new building with a landscape or other new landscape such as a park, playground or greenbelt without an associated building.
"Operating pressure"means the pressure at which the parts of an irrigation system are designed by the manufacturer to operate.
"Overspray"means the irrigation water which is delivered beyond the target area.
"Permit"means the authorizing document issued by local agencies for new construction or rehabilitated landscapes.
"Pervious"means any surface or material that allows the passage of water through the material and into the underlying soil.
"Plant factor" or "plant water use factor"is a factor that, when multiplied by ETo, estimates the amount of water needed by plants. For purposes of this chapter, the plant factor range for low water use plants is 0 to 0.3, the plant factor range for moderate water use plants is 0.4 to 0.6, and the plant factor range for high water use plants is 0.7 to 1.0. Plant factors cited in this chapter are derived from the Department of Water Resources 2000 publication, Water Use Classification of Landscape Species.
"Project applicant"means the individual or entity submitting a landscape documentation package required under Section
12.08.050 to request a building or landscape permit from the city. A project applicant may be the property owner or his/her designee.
means a set of reproducible drawings which show significant changes in the work made during construction and which are usually based on drawings marked up in the field and other data furnished by the contractor.
"Recreational area"means areas dedicated to active play such as parks, sports fields and golf courses where turf provides a playing surface.
"Rehabilitated landscape"means any re-landscaping project that requires a building or landscape permit and meets the requirements of Section
12.08.020 and the modified landscape area is equal to or greater than 2,500 square feet.
means water which is not absorbed by the soil or landscape to which it is applied and flows from the landscape area. For example, runoff may result from water that is applied at too great a rate (application rate exceeds infiltration rate) or when there is a slope.
"Soil texture"means the classification of soil based on its percentage of sand, silt and clay.
"Special landscape area (SLA)"means an area of the landscape dedicated solely to edible plants, areas irrigated with recycled water, water features using recycled water and areas dedicated to active play such as parks, sports fields, golf courses and where turf provides a playing surface.
"Station"means an area served by one valve or by a set of valves that operate simultaneously.
"Swing joint"means an irrigation component provides a flexible, leak-free connection between the emission device and lateral pipeline to allow movement in any direction and to prevent equipment damage.
"Turf"means a ground cover surface of mowed grass. Annual bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, red fescue and tall fescue are cool-season grasses. Bermuda grass, Kikuyu grass, Seashore Paspalum, St. Augustine grass, Zoysiagrass and Buffalo grass are warm-season grasses.
"Valve"means a device used to control the flow of water in the irrigation system.
"Water feature"means a design element where open water performs an aesthetic or recreational function. Water features include ponds, lakes, waterfalls, fountains, artificial streams, spas and swimming pools (where water is artificially supplied). The surface area of water features is included in the high water use hydrozone of the landscape area. Constructed wetlands used for onsite wastewater treatment or stormwater best management practices that are not irrigated and used solely for water treatment or stormwater retention are not water features and, therefore, are not subject to the water budget calculation.
"WUCOLS"means the Water Use Classification of Landscape Species published by the University of California Cooperative Extension, the Department of Water Resources and the Bureau of Reclamation, 2000.
(Ord. 22-06 § 2, 2022)
