When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle within a business district
between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. of any day, except Sundays
and holidays, for a period of time longer than two hours.
No person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle for a period
of time longer than two hours on both sides of Carlsbad Village Drive
from the railroad crossing west to Carlsbad Boulevard; and from a
point 60 feet south of Carlsbad Village Drive on the easterly side
of Carlsbad Boulevard to the intersection of Carlsbad Boulevard and
Lincoln Street, and 30 feet south on the easterly side of Lincoln
Street.
(Ord. 3005 § 75; Ord. 3041 § 4; Ord. NS-534 § 18, 2000)
When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle within a business district
between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. of any day, for a period
of time longer than two hours.
No person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle for a period
of time longer than two hours on the westerly side of Carlsbad Boulevard
between Grand Avenue and Carlsbad Village Drive.
(Ord. 3212 § 1, 1987; Ord. NS-534 § 19, 2000)
A. There
will be no parking on the west side of Ponto Drive from Avenida Encinas
to its intersection with Carlsbad Boulevard.
B. When
authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no person shall
stop, stand, or park any vehicle on Ponto Drive (south) from a point
266 feet south of Avenida Encinas and continuing northerly to its
intersection with Carlsbad Boulevard between the hours of 11:00 p.m.
and 5:00 a.m., seven days a week.
(Ord. NS-431 § 1, 1997; Ord. NS-539 § 1, 2000)
There will be no parking on each side of Cassia Road from Poinsettia
Lane to its intersection with El Camino Real.
(Ord. NS-672 § 1, 2003; Ord. NS-831 § 1, 2007)
There will be no parking on each side of Afton Way from Celinda
Drive to its westerly terminus.
(Ord. NS-884 § 1, 2008)
It is unlawful for any person to park or leave parked any automobile
or other vehicle between the hours of 3:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. on the
hereinafter described streets:
A. On
State Street between Oak Avenue and Laguna Drive;
B. On
Roosevelt Street between Oak Avenue and Grand Avenue;
C. On
Carlsbad Boulevard between Grand Avenue and Carlsbad Village Drive;
D. On
Grand Avenue between Roosevelt Street and Carlsbad Boulevard;
E. On
Carlsbad Village Drive between U.S. Freeway 101 and Carlsbad Boulevard.
The traffic safety engineer and the maintenance director are
instructed to erect signs giving notice of the provisions of this
section.
|
(Ord. 3018 § 1; Ord. 1261 § 12, 1983; Ord. NS-534 § 20, 2000)
There will be no parking on the southerly side of Camino de
los Coches from Rancho Santa Fe Road to its intersection with Maverick
Way.
(Ord. NS-895 § 1, 2008)
When signs are erected giving notice thereof no person shall
park a vehicle at any time upon the following streets:
A. On
both sides of Garfield Street from the intersection of Garfield Street
with Olive Avenue to the southerly terminus of Garfield Street;
B. On
both sides of Harrison Street from the intersection of Chinquapin
Avenue with Harrison Street to the intersection of Adams Street with
Harrison Street.
(Ord. 3005 § 76; Ord. 3030 § 1; Ord. 3041 § 5)
When signs are erected giving notice thereof, it is unlawful
for any person to park or leave parked any automobile or other vehicle
on Saturdays, Sundays and holidays on the hereinafter described streets:
On both sides of Adams Street from the intersection of Adams
Street with the Northwesterly Lot 6, Block "D" of Bella Vista Tract,
easterly to the intersection of Adams Street with the center line
of Lot 9, Block "D," Bella Vista Tract.
(Ord. 3019 § 1)
The city Traffic Engineer is authorized to install and maintain
parking space markings to indicate parking spaces adjacent to curbs
where authorized parking is permitted, and to indicate those locations
wherein the parking of vehicles beyond the marked parking space is
prohibited.
When such parking space markings are placed in the highway,
street or in a municipally owned and/or operated parking lot, subject
to other and more restrictive limitations, no vehicle shall be stopped,
left standing or parked other than within a single space unless the
size or shape of such vehicle makes compliance impossible.
Where signs or markings are installed to indicate that stopping,
standing and/or parking vehicles beyond the marked parking space is
prohibited or restricted, no vehicle shall be stopped, left standing
and/or parked contrary to such prohibition or restriction or within
an area designated as prohibited or restricted.
(Ord. 3005 § 77; Ord. CS-328 § 2, 2017)
A. It
is unlawful to park or leave parked any vehicle on any street or portion
thereof during the hours and on the day or days of the month indicated
on signs containing the words "NO PARKING," which signs have been
placed in appropriate locations designating the parking restriction
pursuant to the provisions of this section.
B. When
such markings or signs are in place, no person shall stop, stand or
park a vehicle upon any street or highway in violation of the restrictions
contained on said sign or markings.
C. The
city Traffic Engineer is authorized to determine the locations of
and to place and maintain, or cause to be placed and maintained, signs
designating the hours during which, and day or days of the month on
which, parking is prohibited in order to sweep city streets. In the
event temporary signs are employed to prohibit parking on any street
or highway or portion thereof pursuant to the foregoing, no vehicle
parked in violation of the directions set forth on the temporary signs
shall be removed unless such signs have been erected or placed on
the street or portion thereof at least 72 hours prior to such removal.
D. Section
10.40.150(A) shall not apply to the parking or standing of commercial vehicles in a residential district making pickups or deliveries of goods, wares or merchandise from or to any building or structure located on the restricted street or highway, or for the purpose of delivering materials to be used in the repair, alteration, remodeling or reconstruction of any building or structure for which a building permit has previously been obtained.
(Ord. NS-213 § 1, 1992)
No person shall park an unattached trailer or semi-trailer upon
any street or public place except for the purpose of loading or unloading.
(Ord. NS-261 § 1, 1993)
There will be three-hour parking on each side of Beech Avenue
from Roosevelt Street to State Street between the hours of 7:00 a.m.
and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 3, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking on each side of Grand Avenue
from Carlsbad Boulevard to the alley located between Madison Street
and Jefferson Street between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m.
except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 4, 2000)
A. There
will be three-hour parking on the west side of Washington Street from
Grand Avenue to Beech Avenue between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00
p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
B. There
will be three-hour parking on the east side of Washington Street from
Carlsbad Village Drive to Grand Avenue between the hours of 7:00 a.m.
and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 5, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking on each side of State Street
from Oak Avenue to Carlsbad Boulevard between the hours of 7:00 a.m.
and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 6, 2000; Ord. NS-584 § 1, 2001)
A. There
will be three-hour parking on the west side of Roosevelt Street from
Oak Avenue to Carlsbad Village Drive between the hours of 7:00 a.m.
and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
B. There
will be three-hour parking on each side of Roosevelt Street from Carlsbad
Village Drive to Beech Avenue between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00
p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 7, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking on the west side of Madison
Street from Grand Avenue to a point 50 feet north of Arbuckle Place
between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and
holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 8, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking on each side of Beech Avenue
from State Street to Roosevelt Street between the hours of 7:00 a.m.
and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 9, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking in the parking lots adjacent
to the railroad tracks located between Carlsbad Village Drive and
Grand Avenue both north and south of the Village Old Depot building
between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and
holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 10, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking in the parking lot located
on the northwest corner of Grand Avenue and State Street between the
hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 11, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking on the west side of the access
drive located easterly of the Village Old Depot building between Carlsbad
Village Drive and Grand Avenue between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and
6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 12, 2000)
There will be three-hour parking in the four parking spaces
located on the east side of the alley north of Christiansen Way between
the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. except for Sundays and holidays.
(Ord. NS-525 § 13, 2000)
When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle on Celinda Drive from
Carlsbad Village Drive to the south property line of 3481 Celinda
Drive and 3482 Celinda Drive, seven days a week between the hours
of midnight and 5:00 a.m.
(Ord. NS-886 § 1, 2008)
When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle on Kimberly Court, seven
days a week between the hours of midnight and 5:00 a.m.
(Ord. NS-886 § 2, 2008)
When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle on Shawn Court, seven
days a week between the hours of midnight and 5:00 a.m.
(Ord. NS-886 § 3, 2008)
When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle on Dana Court, seven
days a week between the hours of midnight and 5:00 a.m.
(Ord. NS-886 § 4, 2008)
When authorized signs are in place giving notice thereof, no
person shall stop, stand or park any vehicle on Paseo Descanso from
Carrillo Way to Paseo Cerro, seven days a week, between the hours
of 2:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m.
(Ord. CS-048 § 1, 2009)
There will be no parking on each side of Van Allen Way from
Faraday Avenue to its northerly terminus.
(CS-118, 2011)
A.
Definitions. For purposes of this
article, the following definitions shall apply unless the context
clearly indicates or requires a different meaning.
"Loading and unloading"
shall mean actively moving items to or from an oversized
vehicle including the activities required to prepare the vehicle for
travel or storage.
"Out-of-town visitor"
shall mean any person who does not reside in the City of
Carlsbad, who is temporarily visiting as a guest of a resident of
the city, and who has applied for and obtained an oversized vehicle
overnight parking permit.
"Oversized vehicle"
shall mean any motorized vehicle as defined of Section 670
of the
Vehicle Code or combination of motorized vehicles and/or non-motorized
vehicles or trailers that meets or exceeds 22 feet in length at any
time or a combination of the two following criteria, exclusive of
fixtures, accessories or property: seven feet in height and seven
feet in width.
a.
To determine the height, width or length of the vehicles defined
in this section, any extension to the vehicle caused by mirrors, air
conditioners, or similar attachments as allowed by Section 35109,
35110 or 35111 of the
Vehicle Code as may be amended shall not be
included.
b.
Oversized vehicle does not include pickup trucks, vans, or sport
utility vehicles, which are less than 25 feet in length and eight
feet in height.
"Resident"
shall mean a person who customarily resides and maintains
a place of abode or who owns land within the City of Carlsbad. It
shall not mean a person who maintains an address at a post office
box, mailbox drop, or who rents a room without it being the primary
place of abode.
B. Overnight
Parking Prohibition. No person shall stop, stand, park or leave standing
any oversized vehicle on any public highway, street or city parking
lot at any time between the hours of 2:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. unless
otherwise authorized by this article.
C. Utility
Connections Prohibited. No person shall permit, cause or allow any
electrical, water, gas, telephone or other utility connection (such
as electrical cords, extension cords, hoses, cables, or other items)
to encroach into any public right-of-way including across or above
any street or sidewalk from a residential or commercial property to
an oversized vehicle or trailer parked on a public highway, street
or city parking lot.
D. Overnight Parking Exceptions to Prohibitions. The provisions of Section
10.40.180(B) shall not apply to any of the following:
1. Oversized
vehicles owned by a resident or out-of-town visitor displaying a permit
for overnight parking issued by the City Manager or designee in accordance
with this article. The issuance of a permit shall not allow any other
activity otherwise prohibited by law.
2. Oversized vehicles displaying a permit issued by the City Manager to a hotel as defined in Carlsbad Municipal Code Section
21.04.185 or a motel as defined in Carlsbad Municipal Code Section
21.04.273 for the exclusive use of its registered guests.
3. Oversized
vehicles involved in an emergency or being repaired under emergency
conditions. Emergency parking may be allowed for 24 consecutive hours
where an oversized vehicle is left standing at the roadside because
of mechanical breakdown or because of the driver's physical incapacity
to proceed.
4. Oversized
vehicles belonging to federal, state or local authorities or public
utilities that are temporarily parked while the operator of the oversized
vehicle is conducting official business.
5. Oversized
vehicles actively engaged in the loading and unloading and deliveries
of person, merchandise, wares, supplies, goods or other materials
in the course of construction or other work from or to any adjacent
building or structure.
6. As part of a proclamation of a local emergency issued pursuant to Chapter
6.04, the Director of Emergency Services may suspend any provision of this section applicable to the parking of oversized vehicles. The suspension shall expire upon the termination of the local state of emergency unless an earlier time for expiration is provided in the proclamation of local emergency.
E. Overnight
Parking Permit Conditions. Any resident may obtain an oversized vehicle
overnight parking permit to park an oversized vehicle registered to
them adjacent to his or her residence. Any resident may obtain an
oversized vehicle overnight parking permit to park an oversized vehicle
belonging to an out-of-town visitor.
The City Manager or designee may issue a permit for overnight
parking of an oversized vehicle to any resident or out-of-town visitor
subject to the following provisions:
1. The
oversized vehicle shall be owned, leased, rented by, or registered
to, a resident or out-of-town visitor.
2. The
oversized vehicle shall park at the street curb immediately adjacent
to the residence, or within 400 feet of that person's residence if
this area is not available for parking due to curb configuration or
codified parking restrictions.
3. The
oversized vehicle overnight parking permit shall be prominently displayed
in the lower driver's side of the windshield or the nearest window
of the vehicle. The permit shall be clearly visible from the exterior
of the oversized vehicle and shall not cover the vehicle identification
number. Trailers shall display the permit on the side of the trailer
so that the permit is visible from the street.
4. The
oversized vehicle shall not be used for camping, lodging, residing
or for accommodation purposes. Nothing in this section shall be construed
to permit sleeping or camping in a vehicle as prohibited by the Carlsbad
Municipal Code.
5. All oversized vehicle permit holders shall comply with the City of Carlsbad street sweeping parking regulations pursuant to Carlsbad Municipal Code Section
10.40.150.
6. The
City Manager or designee may deny or revoke an oversized vehicle overnight
parking permit if, upon a review of the location where the oversized
vehicle will be parked, the City Manager or designee determines that
it would create a traffic hazard or otherwise would adversely affect
public safety, traffic flow or access.
F. Overnight
Parking Permit Duration.
1. Each
resident oversized vehicle overnight parking permit shall be valid
for one year. A resident oversized vehicle permit allows a resident
to park an oversized vehicle for four periods of up to 72 consecutive
hours per calendar month. The oversized vehicle must be absent from
the location authorized by subsection (E)(2) of this section for a
minimum of 24 consecutive hours to be lawfully parked overnight at
the location again.
2. Each
oversized vehicle overnight parking permit issued to an out-of-town
visitor shall be valid for a maximum of 72 hours.
3. No
more than six out-of-town visitor permits shall be issued to a resident
in a calendar year.
G. Fraudulent
Permit Penalty. Every person who displays a fraudulent, forged, altered
or counterfeit oversized vehicle parking permit or permit number is
guilty of a misdemeanor.
H. Overnight
Parking Permit Denial. The city may deny the issuance of an oversized
vehicle overnight parking permit for up to one year if the City Manager
or designee finds that any of the following conditions exist:
1. The
applicant or the person the applicant is visiting is not a bona fide
resident.
2. The
resident or out-of-town visitor guests of a resident have been issued
two or more citations in the same calendar year for either exceeding
the allotted 72-hour permit time and/or parking greater than 400 feet
from the designated residence or land owned address.
3. The
out-of-town visitor is not a guest of the resident applicant.
4. An
owner of an oversized vehicle has procured any oversized vehicle parking
permit through fraud or misrepresentation, for example, the information
submitted by the applicant is materially false.
5. The
hotel or motel establishment is issuing oversized vehicle permits
to non-paying guests of the commercial establishment and/or the guests
are camping in the vehicle rather than residing in the commercial
establishment.
(Ord. CS-204 § I, 2013)
A. Definitions.
For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply
unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning:
"Actively charging"
means the time during which the connector from the charger
at a charging station is inserted into the inlet and electrical power
is being transferred for the purpose of recharging the electric vehicle's
onboard batteries.
"Battery electric vehicle"
means a vehicle fueled entirely by electricity stored in
the onboard battery. This type of vehicle is often referred to as
a zero emission vehicle.
"Charger"
means an electrical component assembly or cluster of component
assemblies designed specifically to charge batteries or other energy
storage devices within electric vehicles.
"Connected"
means the connector of an electric vehicle charging station
is inserted into the inlet for an electric vehicle.
"Connector"
means a device inserted into the inlet for an electric vehicle
that establishes an electrical connection from the charger to the
electric vehicle for the purpose of charging and exchanging information.
"Electric vehicle"
means either a battery electric vehicle or a plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle.
"Electric vehicle charging station"
means a parking stall or space designated by the city Traffic
Engineer or designee in accordance with State
Vehicle Code Section
22511 for the exclusive purpose of charging an electric vehicle located
on a public street or a publicly owned or operated off-street parking
facility.
"Inlet"
means the device on the electric vehicle into which the connector
is inserted for charging and information exchange.
"Off-street parking facility"
means any publicly or privately owned off-street parking
facility held open for use by the public for parking vehicles where
no fee is charged for the privilege to park and which are held open
for the common public use of retail customers.
"Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle"
means a vehicle that is fueled by both a battery and another
fuel source, such as a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles run on electricity from the onboard
battery until the battery is exhausted and then switches to an alternate
power source.
"Storage garage"
has the same meaning as "garage" as defined in State Vehicle
Code Section 340, as it may be amended from time to time.
"Vehicle enforcement official"
means a peace officer, as defined in Chapter 4.5 (commencing with Section 830) of Title
3 of Part 2 of the State
Penal Code, as it may be amended from time to time, or a regularly employed and salaried employee, who is engaged in directing traffic or enforcing parking laws and regulations of the City of Carlsbad.
"Vehicle owner"
means the vehicle's registered and legal owners of record,
or their agents.
B. Restrictions.
1. It
is unlawful to park or leave standing any vehicle in an electric vehicle
charging station, unless the vehicle is an electric vehicle that is
actively charging as indicated by the electric vehicle charging station
monitor display, or unless the connected electric vehicle has not
exceeded any applicable parking time limit, whichever duration is
greater.
2. It
is unlawful to obstruct, block or otherwise bar access to an electric
vehicle charging station, unless as otherwise authorized by subsection
(B)(1) above.
C. Vehicle
Removal and Storage.
1. Removal.
Subject to the signage requirements set forth in State
Vehicle Code
Section 22511, a vehicle enforcement official may remove, or cause
to be removed, any vehicle found in violation of this section. The
Carlsbad Police Department must be notified in the event of any such
vehicle removal.
2. Storage.
Any unauthorized vehicle shall be removed to the nearest storage garage.
3. Post-storage
notice and hearing.
a. Whenever a vehicle enforcement official directs the storage of an
unauthorized vehicle as permitted by this section, the vehicle enforcement
official shall provide the vehicle owner(s) with the opportunity for
a post-storage hearing.
b. A notice of the storage shall be mailed or personally delivered to
the vehicle owner(s) within 48 hours, excluding weekends and holidays,
and shall include all of the following information:
i. The name, address, and telephone number of the vehicle enforcement
official's agency providing the notice.
ii. The location of the place of storage and description of the vehicle,
which shall include, if available, the name or make, the manufacturer,
the license plate number, and the mileage.
iii.
The authority and purpose for the removal of the vehicle.
iv. A statement that, in order to receive their post-storage hearing,
the vehicle owner(s) shall request an administrative hearing within
10 days of the date appearing on the notice using a request for hearing
form (available on the city's website) and returning it to the office
of the City Clerk.
c. The post-storage hearing shall be conducted within 48 hours of the
request, excluding weekends and holidays.
d. The post-storage hearing shall be conducted by an administrative
hearing officer in accordance with the following provisions:
i. The failure of a vehicle owner(s) to appear at the hearing shall
constitute a failure to exhaust their administrative remedies.
ii. The failure of a vehicle owner(s) to file an appeal shall constitute
a waiver of any rights to an administrative determination of the merits
of the vehicle storage notice and the amount of any administrative
costs and fees.
iii.
At the hearing, the vehicle owner(s) shall be given the opportunity
to testify and to present evidence concerning the vehicle storage
notice.
iv. The vehicle storage notice and any additional report submitted by
the vehicle enforcement officer shall constitute prima facie evidence
of the respective facts contained in those documents.
v. The administrative hearing officer may continue the hearing and request
additional information from the vehicle enforcement officer or the
vehicle owner(s) prior to issuing a written decision.
vi. After considering all of the testimony and evidence submitted at
the hearing, the administrative hearing officer shall issue a written
decision that lists his/her reasons for upholding or canceling the
vehicle storage notice. A written copy of the administrative hearing
officer's decision shall be provided to the vehicle owner(s).
vii.
The administrative hearing officer may assess the city's reasonable
administrative costs, including any impound and storage fees and all
costs incurred by the city from first discovery of the violations
through the appeal process and until compliance is achieved, such
as staff time for inspection of the violations, sending notices, and
for preparing and attending any appeal hearing.
viii.
The agency employing the vehicle enforcement official who directed
the storage shall be responsible for the costs incurred for removal
and storage if it is determined in the post-storage hearing that reasonable
grounds for the storage are not established.
e. The administrative hearing officer's decision is the final administrative
remedy without further administrative appeals.
4. This
section does not apply to vehicles abated under the Abandoned Vehicle
Abatement Program pursuant to State
Vehicle Code Sections 22660 to
22668, inclusive, and Section 22710, or to vehicles impounded for
investigation pursuant to State
Vehicle Code Section 22655; nor does
this section apply to abandoned vehicles removed pursuant to State
Vehicle Code Section 22669 that are determined by the public agency
to have an estimated value of $500.00 or less.
D. Severability.
If any subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this section is
for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a court of
competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity
of the remaining portions of this section. The City Council hereby
declares that it would have adopted this section, and each and every
subsection, sentence, clause and phrase thereof not declared invalid
or unconstitutional, without regard to whether any portion of the
ordinance would be subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.
(CS-360 § 2, 2019)
There will be no parking on each side of Carlsbad Boulevard
from Pine Avenue to La Costa Avenue, on each side of Ponto Drive from
Ponto Road to the south terminus, and on each side of Ponto Road.
(Ord. CS-372 § 2, 2020)
Parking of vehicles is prohibited between 11:00 p.m. and 5:00
a.m. on the westerly and easterly sides of Armada Drive between Palomar
Airport Road and Legoland Drive.
(Ord. CS-412 § 2, 2022)
Parking of vehicles is prohibited between 11:00 p.m. and 5:00
a.m. on both sides of Surfside Lane, north of Island Way and both
sides of Island Way, east of Carlsbad Boulevard.
(Ord. CS-430 § 2, 2022)
Parking of vehicles is prohibited between the hours of 11 p.m.
and five a.m. on both the west and east sides of Babilonia Street
from the south property line of 7151 Babilonia Street to the north
property line of 7233 Babilonia Street.
(Ord. CS-471, 7/23/2024)
Parking of vehicles is prohibited between the hours of 11 p.m.
and five a.m. on both the west and east sides of Babilonia Street
from the south property line of 7151 Babilonia Street to the north
property line of 7233 Babilonia Street.
(Ord. CS-471, 7/23/2024)