Chapter 17.11 PARKING AND LOADING

§ 17.11.010 Purpose.

This chapter establishes standards for on-site and off-site vehicle parking, bicycle parking, parking for motorcycles, parking for persons with disabilities, freight loading areas, and related transportation infrastructure. These standards are intended to:

Ensure a sufficient supply of parking and loading facilities for all land uses;

Ensure a sufficient supply of parking facilities for bicycles, motorcycles, and the disabled;

Grant reductions to the required number of parking when uses demonstrate a reduced need;

Provide parking design standards to ensure adequate parking dimensions, access, screening, and landscaping; and

Promote the use of alternative forms of transportation.

§ 17.11.020 Applicability.

New Structures and Uses. All new structures and uses proposed or established after the effective date of the Zoning Ordinance shall comply with the standards in this chapter.

Existing Structures and Uses. When a building existing at the time of the effective date of the Zoning Ordinance is enlarged or where the use is intensified, including by a change in use, the addition of floor space, seating capacity, or seats, additional on-site parking shall be provided to meet the standards in this chapter.

§ 17.11.030 On-Site Vehicle Parking Requirements.

Parking Spaces Required. All land uses shall provide on-site parking as required in Table 17.11-1 (On-Site Parking Requirements).

TABLE 17.11-1 ON-SITE PARKING REQUIREMENTS
Land Use	Required Number of Spaces [1]
Residential Uses
Boarding House	1 per two beds
Duplex Home	2 per unit
Elderly and Long-Term Care	1 for each 3 beds the facility is licensed to accommodate
Emergency Shelters	1 per 300 square feet of habitable floor area, or sufficient to serve the parking demand determined in a parking study
Family Day Care
Small (6 or fewer)	2 within a garage
Large (7–12)	1 for the single-family dwelling plus 1.5 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Guest House	1 or 2 bedrooms: 1 per unit; 3 or more bedrooms: 2 per unit
Live/Work Units	1.5 for up to 2,500 sq. ft. of floor area; plus 0.5 additional for every additional 500 sq. ft., or fraction thereof, of floor area above the first 2,500 sq. ft.
Mobile Home/Manufactured Home	2 for each mobile home (tandem parking allowed in an attached carport); plus 1 guest space for every 5 mobile homes [senior mobile-home parks are allowed parking concessions per Chapter 17.17 (Density Bonus Program)]
Multi-family Residential	Studio and 1 bedroom units: 1 for each unit in a garage; 2 bedroom: 2 for each unit in a garage; 3 or more bedrooms: 2.5 for each unit, including 2 in garage; Guest parking: 3-50 units: 1 per 4 units; 51-100 units: 1 per 5 units; 100 + units: 1 per 6 units
Residential Care Facilities
Small (6 or fewer)	2 within a garage
Large (7 or more)	2 within a garage; plus 1 per 300 sq. ft. of office and other non-residential areas
Second Dwelling Unit	1 space in addition to that required for a single-family unit
Senior Citizen Housing	1 for each unit with half the spaces covered, plus 1 guest parking space for each 10 units
Single-Room Occupancy Units	1 per unit plus 1 guest space for every 3 units
Single-Family Dwelling	2 within a garage
Skilled Nursing Facilities	1 per 3 beds
Supportive and Transitional Housing
Small (6 or fewer persons in a dwelling unit)	2 per dwelling
Large (7 or more persons in a dwelling unit)	1 per 3 beds; plus 1 per 300 sq. ft. of office and other non-residential areas
Community Uses
Airport or Aircraft Land Field	2 per 1,000 sq. ft. of floor area of enclosed passenger terminal area
Cemeteries	1 per 60 sq. ft. of assembly area
Community Assembly	1 per 300 sq. ft. of floor area
Correctional Institutions and Facilities	As determined by a parking needs assessment
Cultural and Religious Facilities and Institutions	1 per 4 fixed seats, or 1 per 60 sq. ft. of assembly area for uses without fixed seats, or 1 per 500 sq. ft. of non-assembly area
Child Care/Day Care Centers	1 per 350 sq. ft. of floor area
Post-Secondary Educational Institution or Trade Schools	1 per 35 sq. ft. of instructional area (GFA)
Equestrian Establishments	1 per 300 sq. ft. within stable; plus 1 per 3 animal stalls
Emergency Shelters	1 per 8 beds; plus 1 per 300 sq. ft. of office or other non-residential area
Funeral Homes/Mortuaries	1 per 5 fixed seats or 54 ft. of bench seating; or 1 per 35 sq. ft. of assembly area where there are no fixed seats
Golf Courses and County Clubs	1 per hole; plus 1 per 300 sq. ft. of office or other non-residential area
Hospital	1 for each patient bed the facility is licensed to accommodate; plus 1 for each 400 sq. ft. of office area; plus required spaces for accessory uses as determined by the Development Services Director
Libraries	1 for each 500 sq. ft., plus 1 for each official vehicle
Office, Governmental	1 for each 500 sq. ft.
Parks and Playgrounds
Neighborhood Park (less than 3 acres)	3 for the first acre of park area; plus 2 for each additional acre
Community Park (greater than 3 acres)	5 per acre; plus additional spaces per each major facility
Athletic Field	5 to 8 per acre depending on spectator seating accommodations
Swimming Pool (indoor and outdoor)	1 for each 100 sq. ft. of swimming pool area
Picnic Area	1 per picnic table; or 3 for 1 acre of picnic area
Botanical or Horticultural Displays	1 per 300 sq. ft. of office area
Public Safety Facilities	1 per 1,000 sq. ft.; plus 2 additional for station vehicles
Private Educational Institutions (K–12)	1 per classroom; plus 1 per 5 fixed seats in auditorium, gymnasium, or similar public assembly facility; or 1 per 35 sq. ft. GFA of assembly area where there are no fixed seats. For private high schools: 1 per classroom; plus 1 per 5 students based on maximum student capacity.
Commercial Uses
Adult Businesses	1 per 50 sq. ft.
Animal Care, Sales, and Services	1 per 300 sq. ft., with a minimum of 4 spaces
Art Gallery	1 for each 500 sq. ft.
Automobile/Vehicle Sales and Services
Automobile Broker/Wholesaler	2 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Automobile Repair, Automobile Accessory/Equipment Installations	2 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Automobile Rental	1 per 600 sq. ft. of show room floor area
Automobile Service Station, Smoke Check Testing	1 for each 250 sq. ft.
Automobile Storage Lots/Towing and Impound	2 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Automobile/Vehicle Sales and Leasing	1 per 600 sq. ft. of show room floor area
Automobile/Vehicle Washing (full service)	10 spaces or 3 times internal washing capacity, whichever is greater; plus additional parking required for drying or vacuum areas; plus 100 lineal ft. for stacking
Automobile/Vehicle Washing (self service)	4 spaces, plus additional parking for drying/vacuum areas; plus 20 ft. in front of each bay for stacking
Banks and Financial Institutions	1 for each 300 sq. ft.
Bicycle Rental, Sales and Repair	2 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Dry Cleaners
Drop-off	1 per 250 sq. ft., minimum of 4
Processing	2 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Eating and Drinking Establishments
Bars/Nightclubs/Lounges	1 per 300 sq. ft.
Restaurants, Full-Service, Limited-Service, Take-out	1 per 100 sq. ft.
Restaurants, with Drive-Through Facilities	1 per 200 sq. ft.
Restaurants, with Live Entertainment/Dancing	1 per 200 sq. ft.
With Outdoor Eating Areas	Greater of 1 per 200 sq. ft. of outdoor seating area or 1 for every 3 seats
Food and Beverage Sales
Bakery	1 per 200 sq. ft.
Catering Businesses	1 per 300 sq. ft.
General Market/Convenience Store (less than 10,000 sq. ft.)	1 per 200 sq. ft.
Supermarket (10,000 sq. ft. or more)	1 per 200 sq. ft.
Fire Arms Clubs and Establishments	1 per target area or as determined by a parking demand study
Health/Fitness Facility	1 per 100 sq. ft.
Live Performance	1 per 50 sq. ft.
Lodging
Bed and Breakfast	2 for owner/manager; plus 1 additional for each guest room
Hotels and Motels	1 for every 2 guest rooms for the first 40 guest rooms, and 1 for every 4 guest rooms over the initial 40 guest rooms
Movie Theater	1 per 5 seats
Nursery (wholesale, retail)	1 per 300 sq. ft. of enclosed retail; plus 1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of outdoor display/storage area
Outdoor Storage	1 per 2,000 sq. ft.; plus one per 350 sq. ft. of office area
Personal Services, Massage Therapy, Psychics, Pawn Shops, Tattoo Parlors	1 for each 250 sq. ft.
Public Storage	1 per 100 storage units or 5 spaces, whichever is greater
Recreational Vehicle Storage and Parking	2 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Recycling Facilities	1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of floor area
Retail Stores, General Merchandise	1 for each 250 sq. ft.; plus 1 for each 600 sq. ft. of storage area, and 1 for each company vehicle; plus 1 for each 1,000 sq. ft. of outdoor display area.
Secondhand Goods Store	3 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Senior Housing	1 for each unit, with half the spaces covered; plus 1 guest parking space for each 10 units.
Smoke Lounge/Tobacco Shop/E-Vape/Hookah	1 for each 300 sq. ft. of service area
Swap Meetings and Flea Markets	1 per 250 sq. ft. of affected land area
Warehousing	1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of warehouse area, plus 1 per 300 sq. ft. of office use
Office/Professional Uses
Business Support Services	3 per 1,000 sq. ft.
Office	1 for each 400 sq. ft.
Medical or Dental Laboratory	1 for each 300 sq. ft.
Medical or Dental Office	1 per 250 sq. ft., with a minimum of 4 spaces
Urgent Care Facility	1 per 150 sq. ft.
Mixed Use
Studio and One-Bedroom Units	1 per unit; plus 0.25 guest spaces per unit
Two or More Bedrooms	1.5 spaces per unit; plus 0.25 guest spaces per unit
Office	1 per 450 sq. ft.
Commercial	1 per 400 sq. ft.
Restaurant	1 per 250 sq. ft.
Industrial	2 per 1,000 sq. ft. for the first 25,000 sq. ft.; 1.5 per 1,000 sq. ft. for portion of building 25,000—50,000 sq. ft.; 1.25 per 1,000 sq. ft. for portion of building greater than 50,000 sq. ft.
Agricultural/Natural Resource And Industrial Uses
Industrial
Light Industrial	1 per 500 sq. ft. of industrial/manufacturing area
Heavy Industrial (general manufacturing, industrial and processing uses)	2 for each 1,000 sq. ft. for the first 25,000 sq. ft., and 1 for each 1,000 sq. ft. thereafter. Up to 20% of accessory office uses shall be permitted at this ratio. The parking requirements for additional office space shall be calculated separately.
Development of Natural Resources/Surface Mining and Reclamation/Processing	1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of floor area for all habitable buildings associated with the use, and 3 per 1,000 sq. ft. of the remaining area
Animal Grazing, Beekeeping, Crop Cultivation	1 per 1,000 sq. ft. of floor area for all habitable buildings associated with the use
Telecommunication and Utilities
Telecommunication Facilities	1 per 350 sq. ft. of floor area for habitable buildings
Utilities	3 per 1,000 sq. ft. of office area; plus 1 per vehicle required to service each facility

Note:
[1]	All square footages shall be gross square footage.

Compact Parking Stalls. In parking areas or garages containing 10 or more spaces for other than dwelling uses, up to 40%of the total required parking spaces and 100% of the non-required parking spaces may be compact. For dwelling uses, all parking stalls in excess of two stalls per unit may be compact. Required guest parking spaces may also be compact spaces.

Tandem Parking (Vertical or Horizontal). Tandem parking may be may be allowed for multi-family projects and the residential component of mixed-use projects subject to the following requirements and Section 17.11.090 of this chapter.

Up to 30 percent of the total off-street parking spaces provided may incorporate tandem parking. For projects utilizing the density bonus provisions of Chapter 17.17 (Density Bonus), up to 50 percent of the required parking spaces may be accommodated by either vertical or horizontal tandem parking as defined in Part 7 (Definitions: Tandem Parking).

Both tandem spaces shall be assigned to the same dwelling unit.

Carports. Carport parking spaces shall only be allowed for non-required parking spaces.

Guest Parking Spaces (Residential). Residential guest parking spaces may be covered or uncovered.

Unlisted Uses.

The Development Services Director shall determine on-site parking requirements for uses not listed in Table 17.11-1 (On-Site Parking Requirements).

On-site parking requirements for unlisted uses shall be based on the parking requirements of similar uses in Table 17.11-1 (On-Site Parking Requirements).

The Development Services Director may require the preparation of a parking demand study by a qualified, licensed traffic engineer approved by the City to determine the parking requirement for unlisted uses.

Unknown Uses (Non-Residential).

The Development Services Director shall determine on-site parking requirements for non-residential "shell" structures with no identified tenants.

Parking requirements shall be based on anticipated tenants for the structures, as determined by the Development Services Director.

Multiple Uses. If more than one use is located on a site, the number of required on-site parking spaces and loading spaces shall be equal to the sum of the requirements calculated separately for each use unless a reduction is approved pursuant to Subsection J (Parking Reductions).

Mixed-Use Development. The required numbers of on-site parking spaces for mixed-use districts are stated in Table 17.11-1 (On-Site Parking Requirements). Additional parking reductions may also be granted through the provision of shared parking facilities pursuant to Subsection J (Parking Reductions).

Parking Reductions. The review authority shall grant a reduction in required parking as specified in Table 17.11-1 (On-Site Parking Requirements) when the following conditions exist:

Shared Parking. Where a shared parking facility serving more than one use will be provided, the total number of required parking spaces may be reduced, if the review authority finds that:

The peak hours of use will not overlap or coincide to the degree that peak demand for parking spaces from all uses will be greater than the total supply of spaces;

The proposed shared parking provided will be adequate to serve each use;

A parking demand study prepared by an independent traffic engineering professional approved by the City supports the proposed reduction; and

In the case of a shared parking facility that serves more than one property, a parking agreement has been prepared consistent with the provisions of off-site parking facilities.

Parking Study. The Development Services Director may require a parking demand study if, in his or her opinion, the proposed development does not provide adequately for on-site parking needs, may adversely affect off-site traffic patterns, or is unique and does not fall within the identified parking requirements. The parking study shall be processed in conjunction with the applicable development application.

Low Demand. The number of parking spaces may be reduced if the use will not utilize the required number of spaces due to the nature of the specific use, as demonstrated by a parking demand study prepared by a qualified, licensed traffic engineer approved by the Development Services Director.

Transportation Management Plan. The number of required parking spaces may be decreased by up to 20 percent, subject to Planning Commission approval of an alternate commute mode awareness plan.

Transit Accessibility. For any land use except single-unit and duplex development, if any portion of the lot is located within ¼ mile of a transit stop with regular, scheduled service during the weekday hours of 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m., the number of required parking spaces may be reduced by 20 percent of the normally required number of spaces. This parking reduction does not apply in the mixed-use districts because parking requirements for these districts already reflect transit accessibility.

§ 17.11.040 Parking for Motorcycles.

Parking Spaces Required. The minimum number of motorcycle parking areas shall be provided as shown in Table 17.11-2 (Motorcycle Parking Requirements). One motorcycle parking area may count towards fulfilling the requirement for one automobile parking space.

TABLE 17.11-2 MOTORCYCLE PARKING REQUIREMENTS
Number of Automobile Spaces Required	Number of Motorcycle Parking Areas Required
1–25 spaces	None required
26–100 spaces	One area
Over 100 spaces	One area for each additional 100 automobile spaces or portion thereof

Size. A motorcycle parking space shall be a minimum of 56 square feet in area and measure a minimum 8 feet in its longest dimension.

Location. All motorcycle spaces shall have bollards installed and appropriately spaced to prevent automobile usage. Motorcycle spaces shall be clearly marked.

Paving. Motorcycle parking areas shall be paved with concrete to prevent damage from motorcycle kick and center stands.

§ 17.11.050 Parking for Persons with Disabilities.

Parking Spaces Required. The number of parking spaces for the disabled shall be as required by the California Building Code, the Federal Accessibility Guidelines, and the California Code of Regulations (Title 24, Part 2, Chapter 2-71). Parking spaces required for the disabled shall count toward compliance with the number of parking spaces required by Table 17.11-1 (On-Site Parking Requirements).

Accessibility. Parking facilities shall be properly designed, constructed, and maintained to provide for access by the physically disabled from public rights-of-way, across intervening parking spaces, and into structures.

§ 17.11.060 Bicycle Parking.

Short-Term Bicycle Parking. Short-term bicycle parking shall be provided in order to serve shoppers, customers, messengers, guests, and other visitors to a site who generally stay for a short time.

Parking Spaces Required. For the following uses, the number of short-term bicycle parking spaces shall be at least 10 percent of the number of required automobile parking spaces:

Multi-family residential with five or more units.

All uses in the community land use classification.

All uses in the commercial land use classification.

Location. Bicycle parking shall be outside of the public right-of-way and pedestrian walkways, in highly visible locations, and within 50 feet of a main entrance to the building it serves. See Figure 17.11-1 (Short Term Bicycle Parking Location).

Separation. Bicycle and automobile parking areas shall be separated from one another by a physical barrier or sufficient distance to protect bicycles and their riders from damage.

Paving. All bicycle parking and storage areas shall be paved with asphalt, concrete, or other all-weather surface.

Anchoring and Security. For each short-term bicycle parking space required, a stationary, securely anchored object shall be provided to which a bicycle frame and one wheel can be secured with a high-security U-shaped shackle lock if both wheels are left on the bicycle. One such object may serve multiple bicycle parking spaces.

FIGURE 17.11-1 SHORT-TERM BICYCLE PARKING LOCATION

Size and Accessibility. Each short-term bicycle parking space shall be a minimum of 2 feet in width and 6 feet in length and shall be accessible without moving another bicycle. Two feet of clearance shall be provided between bicycle parking spaces and adjacent walls, poles, landscaping, street furniture, drive aisles, and pedestrian ways and at least 6 feet from vehicle parking spaces. See Figure 17.11-1 (Short Term Bicycle Parking Location).

Long-Term Bicycle Parking. Long-term bicycle parking shall be provided in order to serve employees, students, residents, commuters, and others who generally stay at a site for four hours or longer.

Parking Spaces Required.

Residential Uses. A minimum of one long-term bicycle parking space shall be provided for every five units for multi-family residential projects.

Other Uses. Any establishment with 25 or more full-time equivalent employees shall provide long-term bicycle parking at a minimum ratio of one space per 20 vehicle spaces.

Parking Structures. Long-term bicycle parking shall be provided at a minimum ratio of one space per 50 vehicle spaces.

Location. Long-term bicycle parking shall be located on the same lot as the use it serves. In parking garages, long-term bicycle parking shall be located near an entrance to the facility.

Covered Spaces. At least 50 percent of required long-term bicycle parking shall be covered. Covered parking can be provided inside buildings, under roof overhangs or awnings, in bicycle lockers, or within or under other structures.

Security. Long-term bicycle parking must be in:

An enclosed bicycle locker;

A fenced, covered, locked, or guarded bicycle storage area;

A rack or stand inside a building that is within view of an attendant or security guard or visible from employee work areas; or

Other secure area approved by the Director of Development Services.

Size and Accessibility. Each bicycle parking space shall be a minimum of 2 feet in width and 6 feet in length and shall be accessible without moving another bicycle. Two feet of clearance shall be provided between bicycle parking spaces and adjacent walls, poles, landscaping, street furniture, drive aisles, and pedestrian ways and at least 5 feet from vehicle parking spaces. See Figure 17.11-1 (Short-Term Bicycle Parking Location)

§ 17.11.070 On-Site Loading Requirements.

General Requirements.

On-site freight and equipment loading spaces shall be provided for all commercial, office, and industrial land uses.

The minimum numbers of loading spaces are shown in Table 17.11-3 (Required Loading Spaces).

TABLE 17.11-3 REQUIRED LOADING SPACES
Land Use	Total Gross Floor Area	Required Loading Spaces
Commercial	Less than 10,000 sq. ft.	n/a
	10,000 sq. ft. to 30,000 sq. ft.	1
	30,000 sq. ft. to 50,000 sq. ft.	2
	50,000 sq. ft. to 75,000 sq. ft.	3
	More than 75,000 sq. ft.	4
Industrial	Less than 20,000 sq. ft.	1
Industrial	More than 20,000 sq. ft.	2

Industrial developments with two or more dock-high loading spaces shall provide one trailer parking/waiting space, 12 feet wide by 45 feet long minimum, for each two loading spaces.

Dimensions.

Each loading space shall have minimum dimensions of 12 feet wide, 40 feet long, and 14 feet in vertical clearance.

Deviations from the minimum maneuvering standards may be approved by the Development Services Director if the spatial needs are less than the minimum required due to the truck size and type that will be utilized in the operation of a specific business.

Location.

Loading areas shall be designed to ensure that loading and unloading takes place on-site and in no case within adjacent public right-of ways.

Loading and maneuvering areas shall not encroach into required employee or visitor parking areas or other areas on-site required for vehicle circulation.

Loading and maneuvering areas shall not encroach into required front yard setback.

Where loading docks or doors face a private street or main drive aisle serving three or more units, loading doors and openings shall be positioned such that they do not face the private street or drive aisle.

Striping and Identification. Loading areas shall be striped and clearly identified for loading purposes only.

Wheel Stops and Curbs. Loading areas contiguous with planter areas shall have a 6-inch raised curb separation.

§ 17.11.080 Off-Site Parking.

The City may approve off-site parking to satisfy on-site parking requirements pursuant to the following conditions:

Location. Off-site parking shall be located within 200 feet measured from the primary entrances of the buildings it is intended to serve to the off-site parking site.

Identification of Facility. The parking facility shall be clearly marked and conspicuously identified as the exclusive or shared parking for the sites it serves.

Parking Agreement. A parking agreement, which guarantees the long-term availability of the parking facility for the use it is intended to serve, shall be recorded with the County Recorder's Office. The agreement shall be in a form approved by the City Attorney and the Development Services Director.

Loss of Off-Site Parking.

Notification of City. The owner or operator of a business that uses an approved off-site parking facility to satisfy the parking requirements of this chapter shall immediately notify the Development Services Director of any change of ownership or use of the property where the spaces are located, or changes in the use that the spaces are intended to serve, or of any termination or default of the agreement between the parties.

Effect of Termination of Agreement. Upon notification that the agreement for the required off-site parking has terminated, the Development Services Director shall establish a reasonable time in which one of the following shall occur:

Substitute parking is provided that is acceptable to the Director;

The size or capacity of the use is reduced in proportion to the parking spaces lost; or

An in-lieu parking fee be paid in an amount equal to the number of parking spaces required.

§ 17.11.090 General Requirements.

Availability and Use of Spaces.

Required parking spaces shall be permanently available and maintained for parking purposes for the use (or uses) they are intended to serve.

Owners, lessees, tenants, or persons having control of the operation of a use for which parking spaces are required shall not prevent or restrict authorized persons from using these spaces.

Required parking spaces shall be used exclusively for the temporary parking of vehicles and shall not be used for the sale, lease, display, repair, or storage of vehicles, trailers, boats, campers, mobile homes, merchandise, or equipment, or for any other use not authorized by the Zoning Ordinance. The storage or parking of inoperative motor vehicles for more than 72 hours shall be within an enclosed garage.

Areas required to meet applicable parking requirements may not be used for any other purpose.

§ 17.11.100 Parking Location and Design Standards.

Parking Lot Dimensions.

Standard open parking stall spaces shall be 9 feet wide by 19 feet long.

Angled and parallel parking spaces and parking lot aisles shall comply with the dimensions in Table 17.11-4 (Minimum Angled and Parallel Parking Stall Dimensions) and Figure 17.11-2 (Parking Dimension Standards).

TABLE 17.11-4 MINIMUM ANGLED AND PARALLEL PARKING STALL DIMENSIONS
Angle	Stall Width	Stall Depth	Aisle Width
90°	9 ft.	19 ft.	25 ft.
60°	9 ft.	19 ft.	18 ft.
45°	9 ft.	19 ft.	13 ft.
30°	9 ft.	19 ft.	11 ft.
0° (parallel)	8 ft.	22 ft.	11 ft.

Compact parking spaces shall be a minimum of 8 feet wide by 16 feet long and reasonably dispersed throughout the parking area.

FIGURE 17.11-2 PARKING DIMENSION STANDARDS

Residential Garage Dimensions.

Single-car garage: 10 feet in width by 20 feet in length.

Two-car garage: 20 feet in width by 20 feet in length.

Horizontal tandem garage:10 feet in width by 40 feet in length.

Vertical tandem garage: 10 feet in width by 20 feet in length.

For each additional parking space within a garage, the dimension shall increase by 10 feet in width for required parking spaces, or 8 feet in width for non-required parking spaces.

The width of any garage door shall be at least 8 feet for a single space and at least 16 feet for 2 spaces.

Surfacing and Markings.

All parking areas shall be surfaced with a dust-minimizing treatment or paved with asphalt, concrete, or other all-weather surface.

Permeable paving materials such as porous concrete/asphalt, open-jointed pavers, and turf/gravel grids are permitted surface material, and should be encouraged.

The use of light colored materials to help reduce surface temperatures is encouraged.

Parking stalls, including compact stalls, shall be marked and access lanes clearly defined, including directional arrows to guide internal movement.

Within multiple-family residential developments, required guest parking spaces shall be clearly marked with the word "Guest" either on the wheel stop or curb at the back of each space, or the pavement at the opening of the space.

Access to Right-of-Way. Any parking lot or loading facility with vehicular access to a public right-of-way shall meet the following standards:

All parking areas shall provide suitable maneuvering room so that all vehicles may enter and exit an abutting street in a forward direction.

Joint access ways serving adjacent uses shall be provided wherever possible as a means to minimize curb cuts and avoid breaks in the continuity of street frontages.

The maximum allowed width for a non-residential curb cut shall be 35 feet.

All driveways or aisles shall be at least 12 feet wide for one-way traffic and 20 feet wide for two-way traffic.

Drainage. Drainage for all parking areas shall comply with the requirements of the Department of Public Works.

Maintenance. All parking facilities shall be permanently maintained free of weeds, litter, and debris.

Circulation. All parking areas shall provide safe and convenient circulation for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists.

Visibility shall be assured for pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorists entering individual parking spaces, circulating within a parking facility, and entering or leaving a parking facility.

Internal circulation patterns, and the location and traffic direction of all access drives, shall be designed and maintained in accordance with accepted principles of traffic engineering and traffic safety.

Parking lots shall be designed so that service vehicles can access loading areas/building and circulate within the parking lot while avoiding dangerous or hazardous turning movements.

Lighting. All outdoor lighting used to illuminate parking areas shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 17.14 (Outdoor Lighting).

Landscaping. All parking areas shall comply with the landscaping requirements of Chapter 17.12 (Landscaping) in addition to the standards within this section.

Perimeter Parking.

When a parking lot is located adjacent to a public or private street, or a main drive aisle that functions as a street, a 10-foot landscaped strip shall be provided between the parking area and the street or drive aisle.

The landscape strip may not contain any paved surfaces, except for pedestrian walkways or vehicular driveways that cross the strip.

Parking Abutting a Residential Use or Zone.

When a parking lot is located adjacent to a residential zone, an 8-foot landscaped strip shall be provided between the parking area and the street or drive aisle.

The landscape strip may not contain any paved surfaces, excepting pedestrian walkways or vehicular driveways that cross the strip.

Parking Lot Landscaping.

Within parking lots, landscaping shall be provided as specified by Table 17-11-5 (Residential/Commercial/Industrial Interior Parking Lot Landscape Requirements). For the purposes of this section, parking lot landscaping is defined as any landscaped area surrounded on at least two sides by parking spaces or drive aisles, excluding those areas around the site or structure perimeter.

TABLE 17-11-5 RESIDENTIAL/COMMERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL INTERIOR PARKING LOT LANDSCAPE REQUIREMENTS
Total Area of Site (Project)	Percent of Surface Parking Lot to Be Landscaped
Less than 1 acre	5%
1 to 3 acres	10%
More than 3 acres	15%

Landscape Islands.

All rows of parking spaces shall feature landscape islands at each row terminus to protect parked vehicles, ensure visibility, confine moving traffic to drive aisles and driveways, and provide space for landscaping.

Landscape islands shall be provided within each row of parking spaces so as to prevent more than ten vehicles from being parked side-by-side in an abutting configuration.

An island for a single row of parking spaces shall contain at least one tree and vegetative groundcover or turf.

An island for a double row of parking spaces shall contain at least two trees and vegetative groundcover or turf.

Concrete Curbs.

All landscape areas within parking lots shall be separated from parking spaces, drive aisles, and driveways by a continuous, raised concrete curb to protect landscaped areas from encroachment by vehicular traffic.

The concrete curb shall be a minimum of 6 inches high by 6 inches wide, except where a landscape area is parallel and adjacent to a parking stall, the curb shall be a minimum of 6 inches high by 12 inches wide to provide an area for persons to step when entering or exiting a motor vehicle.

Shade Trees.

Shade trees shall be provided within parking lots so that within 10 years of planting 50 percent of the parking area is shaded at the summer solstice (June 21).

At least one tree shall be provided for every four parking spaces, with the maximum spacing between trees or clusters of trees not to exceed 30 feet.

Permanent Landscaped Areas. All areas not used for driveways, maneuvering areas, parking spaces, or walks within a parking area shall be permanently landscaped with suitable materials and permanently maintained.

Rainwater Management. Rainwater shall be managed on-site with designs that encourage infiltration, evapotranspiration, and water re-use by:

Utilizing permeable paving for parking spaces, drive aisles, overflow parking, and other hard surfaces in the parking lot;

Planting trees, shrubs, and other permeable landscaping throughout the parking lot to provide shade and places for water infiltration;

Creating bio-retention areas, such as swales, vegetated islands and overflow ponds; and

Incorporating opportunities to harvest rainwater (active or passive) from rooftops and other hard surfaces for landscape irrigation.

Solar Panel Exemptions. Parking lots that incorporate solar panels into the parking lot design are eligible for reduced parking lot landscaping requirements with the approval of the Development Services Director.

Pedestrian Access.

Commercial and office developments with more than 100 parking spaces shall include pedestrian walkways at a minimum width of 4 feet connecting the furthest distance of the parking area to the building that it serves.

Pedestrian walkways shall be clearly visible and distinguished from parking spaces and areas for vehicle circulation through striping, use of alternative paving materials, or other method as approved by the Development Services Director.

Wheel Stops and Curbs.

Drive aisles and parking surfaces contiguous with planter areas shall have a 5-inch raised curb separation.

All parking spaces adjacent to buildings or walls shall have concrete wheel stops at least 2 feet from the building or wall.

Passenger Loading Areas.

Passenger loading areas shall be provided for any building or building complex that will generate 100 or more employees at maximum occupancy. Such areas shall be located convenient to the primary employee entrances and shall be designated either by signs or painted pavement.

Passenger loading areas shall be designed so that vehicles can safely stop and discharge passengers.

Screening. Within commercial and industrial zones, parking areas that abut residentially zoned property shall be screened by a row of densely planted evergreen trees or similar landscaping.