(a) 
The purpose of this article is to ensure that affordable units, built to provide affordable ownership opportunities required by the City of Davis, continue to be maintained as an ownership opportunity consistent with the public purpose that required provision of the affordable unit.
(b) 
The city council hereby finds and determines:
(1) 
That in the past, single-family homes and individual ownership units were primarily purchased by persons who intended to reside therein and that rental housing was primarily within multiple dwelling developments. With the increase of investments being made in single-family dwelling units, the city council recognized a need to preserve units for owner occupancy.
(2) 
That California Government Code Section 65302(c) and various other state-adopted policies encourage and provide for adoption of local policies designed to provide for the housing needs of all economic segments of the community. The promotion of home ownership, owner occupancy, and the maintained availability of affordable ownership housing units have been recognized as valid purposes of the city's police power.
(3) 
That the protection of a residential environment has long been recognized as a valid purpose of the city's police power, including zoning regulations, especially in single-family residential districts.
(4) 
That the City of Davis general plan and implementing ordinances and resolutions have established an inclusionary housing requirement that requires the development of new affordable ownership housing units as part of new residential projects. This requirement produces ownership units at a below-market price affordable to very low, low, moderate, and middle income households. Said public purpose of this requirement was to provide ownership housing opportunities for households that would not otherwise be able to live in Davis. The public purpose continues to be served only if the affordable units are owner-occupied and not purchased by investors.
(5) 
That the public purpose that is provided by the city's inclusionary housing policies shall not unduly profit any household, including through the acceptance of rent for an entire affordable ownership unit that was purchased at a below-market affordable housing price, as a result of city inclusionary housing policy requirements.
(6) 
That an occupancy requirement ensures availability of affordable units to income-eligible households at the units' initial and subsequent sales. The city's inclusionary housing program also provides for affordable rental units that are separate from and in addition to the affordable ownership housing units produced by the program.
(7) 
Historically a large percentage of ownership units have been purchased by investors due to the rental demand that is produced by university students and visiting professors.
(8) 
That in approximately the last ten years there has been an increase in the price of homes in California, including in Davis, which is unprecedented in years past. In some areas the rate of inflation in prices has been two percent per month, or greater. Housing prices continue to rise throughout California, making it one of the least affordable states to purchase a home in.
(9) 
That the high level of speculative investment activity in the purchase of individual residential ownership units, especially lower priced units, tends to have, and has had, but is not necessarily limited to, the following effects:
(A) 
Removes a significant number of lower-priced residential ownership units from the stock of units available for purchase by owner-occupants;
(B) 
Contributes to the rapid escalation of the price of individual ownership units, and to the maintenance of inflated prices of local housing units; and
(C) 
Results in the conversion of significant numbers of individual residential ownership units from owner-occupied units to rental units.
(10) 
That the effects referred to above tend to:
(A) 
Subvert the purpose of the city's inclusionary housing policies that require affordable ownership housing units to be built in order to serve owner-occupant households at specified income levels.
(B) 
Detrimentally affect the stock of available residential ownership units within the city in general and, in particular, detrimentally affect the availability of affordable ownership units to persons of low, moderate, or middle incomes desiring to purchase and occupy such units.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
For purposes of this article, the following words shall have the meanings ascribed by this section:
Affordable housing unit
refers to any individual residential ownership unit which is subject to a recorded notice of restrictions as a designated below-market unit or affordable unit, as required by the city's inclusionary housing ordinances or other city conditions of the planning approval for the project in which the unit is built. An affordable unit could include units priced to serve very-low, low, moderate, and middle income households, as well as other household groups that the city finds to be underserved by the market or identifies as a public purpose within a specific project. This unit type was formerly known as and referred to as a designated low-price housing unit or a designated price unit.
Completion of purchase and completion of sale
refers to the close of escrow and the transfer of title to the purchaser or in the alternative, the date of the first installment payment of the purchase price or interest thereon or, in the case of a city-approved lease with an option to purchase, the payment of the first lease payment.
Developer refers
to any person who owns real property within the city and who constructs, causes to be constructed, or permits to be constructed on such property one or more individual residential ownership units.
Inclusionary housing policy
refers to the city's locally adopted requirements that require the provision of affordable housing units within each new housing development, rental or ownership, consisting of five units or greater.
Individual residential ownership unit
refers to any residential living unit (including condominiums and split lot units) which may be separately owned, or which is owned by a stock cooperative as defined in Section 11003.2 of the Business and Professions Code, or owned as a community apartment project as defined in Section 11004 of the Business and Professions Code.
Occupy
means the establishment of a purchased affordable as the principal domicile of the person or persons who qualifies as the owner-occupant(s).
Person
refers to an individual, group of individuals, partnership, or any other entity.
Principal domicile
means that the person or persons who qualify/qualifies as the unit's owner-occupant(s) must reside in the unit for a minimum of ten months out of each calendar year, unless otherwise reviewed and approved by the city through the exemption process stated in this article.
Principal personal residence
means principal domicile.
Purchase and sell
refer to the execution of a binding and enforceable agreement (deposit receipt, contract of sale, agreement of sale, lease with an option to purchase, etc.) to purchase or sell a specific individual residential ownership unit for an agreed price. Subject to the provisions of Section 18.04.150, agreements entered into prior to the effective date of the ordinance codified in this article are not subject to its provisions.
Purchaser
refers to any person or persons who acquire title to an individual residential ownership unit.
Sale
refers to the sale or transfer by a developer or an owner of an affordable unit, or to the purchase of a membership share in a stock cooperative or community apartment.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 1222 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
This article is enacted pursuant to the general police power of the city and is for the purpose of ensuring that affordable ownership housing units be provided and maintained as an affordable ownership opportunity, in an effort to fulfill the public purpose under which the affordable units were required.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 1373 § 2; Ord. 2249, 2006)
(a) 
Owner occupancy duration. All original and subsequent owners and purchasers of an affordable unit, or other unit with a city-required occupancy restriction, shall occupy his or her or their unit as his or her or their primary residence for the entire duration of his or her or their ownership of the unit, unless otherwise approved by the city. Such occupancy must commence within six months following completion of the unit purchase.
(b) 
Required occupancy declarations. Each purchaser must execute an initial declaration of occupancy and subsequent annual declarations, as required by the city.
(c) 
All owners required to occupy, no co-signers. If more than one person purchases the affordable unit, then all of the purchasers must occupy the unit and execute the declaration of occupancy required by this article. No co-signers shall be permitted in the purchase of an affordable unit.
(d) 
Extended vacation. In instances where purchaser(s) of an affordable unit intend to take an extended vacation lasting one to two months, during which time the purchaser will not be occupying his or her/their unit, the city shall be notified in writing of the absence, and the purchaser(s)' intent to reoccupy the unit after the specified time period, and a statement that the unit will not be rented in the interim.
(e) 
Addition of owners to deed. In instances where the purchaser(s) of an affordable unit intends to add new persons to the deed, the new household must be recertified to meet the city's income restrictions for the affordable unit.
(f) 
Vacancy of affordable unit. In instances where purchaser(s) vacate the affordable unit for more than one hundred eighty days, without requesting and gaining an approved exemption from the city, the purchaser(s) shall be required to sell the affordable unit upon the city's written direction to do so unless otherwise approved by the city.
(g) 
No living trusts or multiple ownership properties. In order to meet the occupancy requirements of this chapter, purchaser(s) of affordable units shall not be permitted to be living trusts and shall not be permitted to own other residential units during his or her/their ownership of the affordable unit.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
(a) 
Declaration requirement. It is unlawful to sell, to purchase, or to act as the real estate agent, escrow agent, or broker for a seller or buyer of an affordable ownership housing unit without obtaining and filing the declaration of every purchaser of said unit that said purchaser(s) shall assume occupancy of the unit within six months following completion of the purchase and that upon commencement of said occupancy, the purchaser(s) shall occupy such unit as his or her principal personal residence for a minimum of twenty-four consecutive months, subject to the exceptions contained in this article. The declaration shall be made upon forms provided by the community development and sustainability department of the city.
(b) 
Declaration responsibility. The seller, real estate agent, escrow agent, or broker of the seller and buyer of an affordable ownership housing unit shall be jointly and severely responsible for filing of the original declarations with the community development and sustainability department of the city, as required by Section 18.04.051 of this article. Such declaration shall be filed within ten days of the completion of sale of the affordable unit.
(c) 
False dating of sale documents. It is unlawful for any person with the intent of evading this article, to date or sign any deposit receipt, sale agreement, contract of sale, lease with an option to purchase or other writing relating to the sale or purchase of an affordable unit which indicates that the agreement was executed on a date other than the actual date of acceptance and execution of the sale agreement, or to misrepresent to any person the character of any transaction which would otherwise be subject to this article.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 1242 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
(a) 
Foreclosures. This article shall be inapplicable to foreclosures or private sales of security interests due to a default in payments by the purchaser(s) of an affordable unit, but shall apply to any purchasers (other than the foreclosing entity) taking title after such foreclosure.
(b) 
Inheritance or bequest. This article shall be inapplicable to acquisition by inheritance or bequest, but shall apply to any purchaser upon sale of said unit.
(c) 
Public purpose. This article shall be inapplicable to purchases of affordable units by a public agency for public purposes, as approved by the city.
(d) 
Property exchanges. This article shall be inapplicable to tax-free exchanges of real property where the ultimate recipient of title through escrow complies with the provisions of Section 18.04.040, and the seller complies with Section 18.04.050 or 18.04.060 of this article; provided, that all deeds in the exchange are recorded within a period not exceeding ten days and that the purchase price or compensation paid by the ultimate recipient of title through escrow does not exceed the purchase price or compensation received by the initial seller.
(e) 
City-permitted broker purchases. Notwithstanding other provisions of this article, the housing chapter of the City of Davis Municipal Code, and after obtaining an exemption for good cause, an affordable unit may, upon issuance of a permit for broker purchase, be sold to a real estate agent or broker.
A broker purchase permit may be issued upon application to the community development and sustainability department. The city manager's designee shall grant or deny the permit on the basis of the city's housing policies and the current climate of the local housing market. The decision of the city manager's designee may be appealed in the same manner and using the same procedure as decisions on applications for exemption as set out in Section 18.04.070. A broker purchase permit must be applied for by the owner(s) of the affordable unit under which the permit is being applied. The permit can only be issued for the convenience of the owner, upon the following conditions:
(1) 
No right of first refusal. The affordable unit being sold does not have a right of first refusal recorded to it. If the unit has a right of first refusal deeded to it, directions of that deed restriction must be adhered to. If the city does not wish to exercise its right of first refusal, it may choose to approve the permit being requested.
(2) 
Good faith effort. There has been a good faith effort by the owner and/or his or her broker to market the property for a period of at least ninety days.
(3) 
Declaration of marketing efforts. Submission of a declaration under penalty of perjury declaring the circumstances of the owner's marketing effort (including the price listed) and the fact that no binding contract of sale to a successive owner-occupant has been entered into, together with an application for broker purchase.
(4) 
Continuous marketing. The broker must agree to, upon purchase, continuously market the unit at a reasonable price, including listing of the property on a multiple listing service, if one is available in the community. For purposes of this subsection, a list price more than twenty percent over the price paid by the broker to the seller shall be prima facie evidence that the price is unreasonable and that a violation has occurred. The price shall be consistent with any price restrictions recorded to the deed, unless otherwise approved by the city.
(5) 
Lease of the unit. Any leasing of the unit pending sale shall be on a month-to-month basis only and shall require approval by the city.
(6) 
Time limit. No broker shall retain ownership of the unit for a period of more than eighteen months, unless he or she shall apply to the city council for an extension of time for good cause. Each such extension shall be granted for a period of no more than one hundred eighty days.
(7) 
Reporting. The broker-purchaser of the affordable unit shall provide periodic reports, as required by the city, outlining efforts of marketing the unit.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 1242 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
(a) 
Exemption for unusual circumstances (before purchase). Any person adversely affected by the application of this article and believing that, due to unusual circumstances, the literal enforcement of the article would cause undue hardship, unnecessary to carry out the spirit and purpose of this article, may file a written application for exemption. Any approval may be made subject to such conditions as are necessary to assure that the public purposes of this article and the city's affordable housing program are effectuated, and that the approval does not result in the granting of a special privilege.
An application for exemption under this section may be granted only upon staff making the following findings:
(1) 
Unusual circumstances. Unusual circumstances or conditions exist which are not typically present in the case of sales or purchases of affordable units subject to this article.
(2) 
Undue hardship. The existence of such unusual circumstances or conditions would cause undue hardship to the applicant should the provisions of this article apply. An application shall not be approved to eliminate an inconvenience not amounting to undue hardship.
(3) 
Specific, unusual hardship. The undue hardship sought to be alleviated is not so general or recurrent in nature as to cause the approval of the application to constitute a granting of a special privilege that is not made available to other purchasers.
(4) 
Unnecessary literal enforcement. Under the circumstances, the literal enforcement of the requirements of this article would be unnecessary to carry out the spirit and public purpose of this article, and the approval of the application shall not subvert said spirit and purpose.
Examples of unusual circumstances before purchase may include, but are not limited to: a change in employment location to outside of the Sacramento Region (as defined by SACOG), a change in family situation, an unexpected substantial reduction in household income, ill health of purchaser or related persons, inability to break an outstanding housing contract elsewhere, or other such circumstances.
(b) 
Exemption for unusual circumstances (after purchase). Any person whose circumstances have unforeseeably changed, such that practical or economic difficulties occur which seriously affect the occupant's ability to continue occupancy and comply with this article, may file a written application for an exemption for unusual circumstances. Any approval may be made subject to such conditions as are necessary to assure that the public purposes of this article and the city's affordable housing program are effectuated, and that the approval does not result in the granting of a special privilege. An application for exemption under this article may be granted only upon staff making the findings listed above in subsection (a).
Examples of unusual circumstances after purchase may include, but are not limited to: a change in employment location to outside of the Sacramento Region (as defined by SACOG), a change of marital status, a change in family situation, ill health of the purchaser or related persons, addition of new family members, a substantial reduction in household income, an employer-approved research project, a sabbatical, or other such circumstances.
(c) 
Procedure for exemption request. An owner(s) or purchaser(s) of an affordable unit may request an exemption for unusual circumstances upon filing an application and a declaration under penalty of perjury stating the nature of the unusual circumstances, and any reasons why the change in circumstances could not be foreseen at the time that the purchaser was bound to purchase the affordable unit, if the reason for the unanticipated change is not apparent on the face of the declaration.
(1) 
Application process. The application and declaration under penalty of perjury shall be submitted to the city manager's designee, together with the filing fee therefor, who shall act upon the matter within ten business days. The city manager's designee shall grant the application unless he or she finds, based upon evidence, that the facts are not substantially as stated in the declaration submitted, that staff cannot make the findings required in subsection (a), that the change of circumstances could have been reasonably foreseen by the purchaser at the time he or she became obligated to purchase the affordable unit, or that, notwithstanding the change in circumstances, the unit was not purchased in good faith for the purpose of occupancy. Notice of the determination of the city manager's designee shall be mailed to the applicant at the address he or she provides. The approval may be conditioned by the city as necessary in order to achieve the public purpose of this article.
(2) 
Information requests. The city manager's designee may request additional declarations or other evidence from the applicant and may procure evidence relevant to determination of the issue. Failure of the applicant to provide such information shall be grounds for denial of the application.
(3) 
Appeal process. An applicant who is dissatisfied with the determination of the city manager's designee may file a written appeal to the city council within ten days of date of the determination. Such appeals, together with the appeal fee, shall be filed with the city clerk and shall be brought before the city council for decision. The appellant may furnish such additional evidence as may be desired regarding good cause. In the event of an appeal, the city council shall render a decision which shall be final.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
The filings and applications required by this article shall be accompanied by fees established by resolution of the city council. Any such fees may be waived by the city staff person authorized to act on the accompanying submission upon a showing that payment of such fee would impose a personal financial hardship upon the applicant.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)
(a) 
Proof. In all actions brought under this article, proof of any of the following shall be presumptive evidence that a violation of Section 18.04.040 has occurred:
(1) 
Failure of Six-Month Occupancy Deadline. Proof that the purchaser or purchasers failed to take occupancy of the affordable unit within six months of completion of the purchase, or such other time specified in the declaration.
(2) 
Failure of Twenty-Four-Month Requirement. Proof that the purchaser or purchasers failed to occupy the affordable unit for twenty-four consecutive months as indicated by the sworn declaration.
(3) 
Vacated Affordable Unit. Proof that the purchaser or purchasers vacated the affordable unit without selling the unit or requesting an occupancy exemption from the city.
(4) 
Leasing Affordable Unit. Proof that the purchaser or purchasers rented or leased the affordable unit during any time when owner-occupancy is required.
(5) 
Second Ownership Unit. Proof that any or all purchaser or purchasers purchased or own a second ownership dwelling unit, without city approval, during any time when owner-occupancy is required.
(6) 
Not Principal Domicile for All Owners. Proof that not all of the owners of the affordable unit use the unit as their principal domicile.
The presumptions set forth above may be rebutted by submission and approval of an application for exemption.
(b) 
Penalties. Persons who do not comply with the requirements of this article, may be subject to the penalties included below. Persons receiving a favorable determination of exemption from the city manager's designee, or city council, due to unusual circumstances, shall not be subject to the penalty provisions of this article.
(1) 
It shall be a misdemeanor for any person to violate the provisions of Section 18.04.040 or to knowingly provide false information on the declaration required by Sections 18.04.050 and 18.04.070. of this article.
(2) 
It shall be an infraction for any person required to do so to fail to file or fail to cause to be filed the declaration as required by Section 18.04.051 of this article, except that such failure which is shown to have been intentional on the part of any such person shall be a misdemeanor.
(3) 
It shall be a misdemeanor to violate the provisions of Section 18.04.053 of this article.
(4) 
If any owner or purchaser is found to be out of compliance with that which is required by this article and is given a reasonable amount of time to regain compliance, but chooses not to, the City of Davis shall have the ability to require the owner or purchaser to sell his or her/their affordable unit within ninety days of the city's notice of noncompliance.
(c) 
Remedies. The city shall have the ability to, but is not restricted to, carrying out the following remedies as part of the enforcement of this article. Persons receiving a favorable determination of exemption from the city manager's designee, or city council, due to unusual circumstances, shall not be subject to the penalty or remedy provisions of this article.
(1) 
As a separate and additional remedy, violations of this article which threaten to continue or to be repeated may be subject to abatement by a restraining order or injunction issued by a court of competent jurisdiction, which order may provide that the violator may not thereafter be a purchaser or obtain any interest in a designated low price unit.
(2) 
As a separate and additional remedy, violations of this article shall be subject to a civil penalty up to the amount of five thousand dollars; or, if a unit is sold, the difference between the violator's purchase price and the violator's purchase price plus a compounded appreciation of eight percent per year, or the violator's purchase price and the unit sale price, whichever is greater.
(3) 
The remedies provided herein shall not be exclusive and violations of any provisions of this article shall be subject to such other or further remedies as may be provided by law.
(4) 
If any owner or purchaser is found to be out of compliance with any requirement of this article and is given a reasonable amount of time to regain compliance, but chooses not to, the City of Davis shall have the ability to require the owner or purchaser to sell his or her/their affordable unit within ninety days of the city's notice of noncompliance.
(Ord. 1187 § 1; Ord. 2249, 2006)