A. 
The design, material and construction methods shall conform to the applicable sections of the current editions and subsequent revisions of the following documents.
B. 
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, 4th Edition, with 2020 Interim Revisions.
C. 
National Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (MUTCD): Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) 2009 Edition and 17 NYCRR Chapter V (New York Supplement 2010 Edition, effective March 16, 2011).
D. 
2018 - A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 7th Edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
E. 
Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very-Low-Volume Roads, Second Edition, 2019, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
F. 
Standard Specifications with Updates (U.S. Customary Units), January 1, 2021, New York State Department of Transportation.
G. 
AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, 4th Edition, with 1998 Supplement.
H. 
Highway Design Manual, New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) Facilities Design Subdivision.
I. 
Chapter 112, Driveways, of the Code of the Town of Schodack.
J. 
Town Center Regulations in Chapter 219, Zoning, Article XIX, of the Code of the Town of Schodack.
A. 
Certification of materials used for road subbase, pavement, drainage structures and/or surface treatment and appurtenances, water mains, sewer mains, and other public improvements, shall be submitted.
B. 
When requested, tests shall be made to determine the suitability of the subgrade material to support foundation course(s) and pavement.
C. 
Compaction tests shall be made of embankment sections and the subbase course at the interval specified in the quality assurance plan but not fewer than one per every 200 feet of constructed road for each course of material, in each lane of the proposed roadway.
Prior to construction, necessary approvals shall be obtained from the appropriate agency having jurisdiction (NYSDOT, the Rensselaer County Highway Department and/or the Town Highway Department, etc.) for:
A. 
Proposed curb cuts on Town, county or state roads.
B. 
Proposed streets which intersect Town, county or state roads.
C. 
Stormwater discharge to any Town, county or state road or drainage system.
D. 
Water and sewer systems extensions.
A. 
Minimum and maximum design values.
(1) 
Minimum and maximum design values shall be as follows:
Design Value
Road Type
Type I: Local
Type II: Collector
Type IA: Local Access
Type IB: Boulevard Local Access Only
Typical Average Daily Traffic
ADT < 400
ADT < 400
ADT > 400
Minimum Right-Of-Way
60 feet
80 feet at boulevard section then taper to 60 feet
60 feet
Traveled Way [total width/lane width] exclusive of shoulders.
26/13 feet
26/13 feet
26/13 feet
NYS Fire Code exception:
1.
Traveled way widths shall be increased to 26 feet for the following:
a.
Roads with fire hydrants.
b.
Dead-end roads, 500 feet < length < 750 feet.
2.
Type IA: entrance lane shall be 20 feet wide.
Design Speed
30
30
45
Minimum Centerline Horizontal Radius (maximum superelevation 4%)
200
200
600
Maximum Grade
8%
8%
6%
Minimum Grade
1%
1%
1%
Minimum Length of Vertical Curve
100 feet
100 feet
200 feet
Changes in vertical alignment shall include the use of a vertical curve meeting the requirements for sag and crest curve stopping sight distances for the road design speed.
Minimum rate of vertical curvature, K
Crest Vertical Curves
19
19
61
Sag Vertical Curves
37
37
79
Pavement Structure
Woven geotextile stabilization fabric for any subgrade soils meeting any of the following AASHTO Soils Classifications: A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7 (silt-clay materials with more than 35% passing the No. 200 Sieve) Adequate sampling and testing results/submittals required, otherwise the stabilization fabric will be required.
Subbase:
1.
NYSDOT 304-1.02 Option D. Item No. 304.14 Type 4.
a.
Materials Meeting NYSDOT requirements of Section 733-0404 Subbase course, Type 4.
b.
12-inch compacted thickness, in maximum 6-inch compacted lifts.
2.
Increased Thickness for subbase placed over subgrade soils that meet any of the following AASHTO Soils Classifications: A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7:
a.
A-4 and A-5: Subbase thickness 18 inches compacted thickness.
b.
A-6 and A-7: Subbase thickness 24 inches compacted thickness.
Hot Mix Asphalt:
1.
Binder Course: 3 1/2 inches total compacted thickness of Type 3 HMA.
2.
Top Course: 1 1/2 inches total compacted thickness of Type 6F HMA.
3.
True and Leveling Course: Required prior to placement of the top course, if upon review of the binder course by Planning Board Engineer and the Town Highway Superintendent that the binder and/or subbase requires remediation to correct any defects as may be determined.
4.
Tack Coat shall be applied between all HMA courses. NYS DOT 407.0103 applied in accordance with Table 407-1.
(2) 
All roads shall be designed in accordance with the requirements set forth in § 188-40, Applicable standards.
(3) 
For the design values listed in the above table, the more stringent standards shall apply.
B. 
Dead-end or loop streets.
(1) 
Cul-de-sac or other approved turnarounds shall be provided at all temporary and permanent dead-end streets. Cul-de-sac shall have a minimum pavement radius of 55 feet to the outside edge and a minimum radius of 70 feet to the right-of-way.
(2) 
Cul-de-sac shall comply with the NYS Fire Code for Access Roads, Appendix D.
(3) 
Cul-de-sac shall have a center island that is to be landscaped to the satisfaction of the Planning Board.
C. 
Minimum turning paths. Streets, parking areas and access roads shall be designed to accommodate the minimum turning path of an American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) bus design vehicle.
D. 
Intersections.
(1) 
Intersection offset distances shall be not less than 150 feet. Greater distances shall be maintained on collector and arterial roads.
(2) 
Intersections shall be at approximate right angles for the first 100 feet, but in no case shall the angle of the intersection be less than 75°.
(3) 
Intersection grades shall not exceed 3% in the first 50 feet.
E. 
All street design within the Town Center shall be in accordance with design standards and regulations in Chapter 219, Article XIX.
A. 
Monuments. Monuments shall be:
(1) 
Granite stone; or
(2) 
Reinforced concrete - 4,000 psi, with one #3 deformed reinforcing bar, centered in four inches square on the bottom, and four inches square on the top by 42 inches long; and
(3) 
Provided with survey marker by Berntsen International Inc. or approved by the Town, BP1P marker with center mark and anchoring plug with imprint "Town Of" centered at 12 o'clock and "Schodack" centered at 6 o'clock.
B. 
Geotextiles. Soil stabilization shall be included, unless otherwise directed in writing by the Town Highway Superintendent, as follows:
(1) 
For use under pavement structure on subgrades: Mirafi RS380i woven geotextile.
(2) 
For use under manholes, catch basins, vaults, and other structures on subgrades: Mirafi HP270.
(3) 
For use with drainage systems: Mirafi 160N, non-woven geotextile.
C. 
General fill for embankments.
(1) 
General fill for embankments shall be sound, durable soil or rock free from topsoil, muck or organic material, as approved by Town Planning Board Engineer. Material with a magnesium sulfate soundness loss exceeding 35% will be rejected.
(2) 
The maximum particle size shall be 10 inches.
(3) 
The sieve size percent passing shall be as follows:
(a) 
No. 40: 0% to 70%.
(b) 
No. 200: 0% to 15%.
D. 
Subbase course.
(1) 
The course shall be NYSDOT Section 304.13, Type 4.
E. 
Hot mix asphalt.
(1) 
Hot mix asphalt binder shall be NYSDOT Section 403, Type 3.
(2) 
Hot mix asphalt top course shall be NYSDOT Section 403, Type 6F.
F. 
Curbs.
(1) 
Hot mix asphalt curb shall in accordance with the NYSDOT Section 714-06.
(2) 
Concrete curbs shall be conventionally or machine formed concrete, precast or granite curb, NYSDOT Section 609-2.02.
(3) 
Precast concrete curb shall be in accordance with NYSDOT Section 704-03 and class A concrete per NYSDOT Section 501.
(4) 
Machine formed shall be in accordance with the NYSDOT Section 501, portland cement concrete.
G. 
Sidewalks.
(1) 
Subbase shall be NYSDOT Section 304.14, Type 4.
(2) 
Concrete sidewalks shall be NYSDOT Section 501-2, Class A concrete.
H. 
Guiderailing.
(1) 
Box beam guide railing and median barrier shall be NYSDOT Section 710-21.
I. 
Traffic control devices.
(1) 
Street signs, aluminum signs and aluminum alloy or galvanized steel posts shall be NYSDOT Section 645-2.
(2) 
Regulatory and warning signs shall be NYSDOT Section 645-2.
(3) 
Delineators and snowplow markers shall be NYSDOT Section 646-2.
(4) 
Traffic signals shall be NYSDOT Section 680-2.
J. 
Street trees. Street trees shall be 2 1/4 inch caliper (diameter at breast height), deciduous trees, species as approved, NYSDOT Section 713-06.
K. 
Landscaping.
(1) 
Topsoil shall be NYSDOT Section 713-01.
(2) 
Turf establishment shall be as follows:
(a) 
Limestone: NYSDOT Section 713-02.
(b) 
Fertilizer: NYSDOT Section 713-03, Type 3.
(c) 
Mulch: NYSDOT Sections 713-11.
(d) 
Mulch anchorage: NYSDOT Section 713-12.
(e) 
Seed: NYSDOT Section 713-04.
L. 
Utilities. Materials for gas, electric, telephone, television cable and other utilities shall meet the requirements of the utilities having jurisdiction.
A. 
Construction stakeout.
(1) 
A licensed surveyor shall provide stakeout of the following items prior to construction:
(a) 
The road center line and the edge of the right-of-way at a minimum of 100-foot stations on tangent sections.
(b) 
All beginnings and ends of curves and at 50-foot stations along the curves.
(c) 
The top of bank and toe of bank in cut or fill sections.
(d) 
The limits of construction where different from the road right of-way.
(2) 
Sufficient vertical and horizontal control outside of the work area shall be maintained to check and reestablish stakeout as necessary.
B. 
Clearing of trees and brush.
(1) 
Trees and brush shall be cleared within the right-of-way. Additional clearing may be required to maintain the design sight distance.
(2) 
No stumps, trees or brush shall be buried on site at all within rights of ways, easements, utility corridors, etc. on-site except as approved by the preliminary plat. Disposal shall be by approved best management practices in an approved manner and in accordance with 6 NYCRR Part 360 Solid Waste Management Facilities Regulations.
C. 
Subgrade preparation.
(1) 
Topsoil under the street section and under all embankment areas shall be removed.
(2) 
The subgrade and embankment foundation areas shall be free of all stumps, organic material, boulders, soft clay and other objectionable material.
(3) 
The full depth of unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with approved compacted fill. Frozen fill or fill on frozen subgrade shall not be permitted.
(4) 
Subgrade shall be compacted to 95% standard proctor density at optimal moisture content.
(5) 
Approved embankment fill shall be placed in eight-inch lifts and compacted to 95% standard proctor density at optimal moisture content.
(6) 
Any other excavation shall be filled with approved fill material and compacted to 95% standard proctor density at optimal moisture content.
D. 
Subbase course.
(1) 
The subbase course shall be placed and compacted in accordance with NYSDOT Section 304. The minimum subbase section shall be 12 inches of Item 304.14, Type 4, placed in maximum six-inch lifts.
(2) 
The tolerance of the subbase course shall be 1/2 inch from required elevations as measured at centerline of roadway, middle of travel lanes, edge of pavement and shoulder.
(3) 
The minimum thickness of gravel subbase shall be increased for poorer subgrades depending on the AASHTO soil group classification, as follows:
(a) 
AASHTO Groups A-4 and A-5: 18 inches total thickness, NYS DOT Type 4.
(b) 
AASHTO Groups A-6 and A-7: 24 inches total thickness, NYS DOT Type 4.
(4) 
Woven geotextile soil stabilization fabric will be required over subgrades of AASHTO Groups A-4, A-5, A-6 and A-7.
(5) 
Alternate pavement structures designated in accordance with the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures will be considered for approval and shall be used for special circumstances such as nonresidential developments or high-volume streets. In no case shall the proposed subbase and pavement be less than the above minimums.
E. 
Pavement.
(1) 
Streets shall be paved in accordance with § 188-43, Design standards, Subsection A, Minimum and maximum design values.
(2) 
No pavement shall be installed until all underground utilities are installed and approved.
F. 
Curbs.
(1) 
Finished pavement adjacent to concrete or stone under curb shall be cleaned and tack-coated.
(2) 
Asphalt concrete curb shall be machine-placed to line and grade.
(3) 
Asphalt concrete curb shall be laid on the base course and keyed in with the top course.
(4) 
Concrete curbs, where required, shall be placed in accordance with NYSDOT Section 609-3.03.
G. 
Sidewalks.
(1) 
Subbase. A six-inch-thick subbase course of Type 4 gravel shall be placed and compacted in accordance with NYSDOT Section 304.
(2) 
Concrete sidewalks. Six-inch-thick concrete sidewalks shall be placed in accordance with NYSDOT Section 608-3.01.
(3) 
Hot mix asphalt sidewalks. Two-inch asphalt concrete sidewalks shall be placed and compacted in accordance with NYSDOT Section 608-3.02.
H. 
Guiderail systems. Guiderails shall be installed on all sections of road with embankments greater than six feet high which have side slopes steeper than three horizontal to one vertical and along sections of road within 30 feet from the edge of pavement to bodies of water which are greater than two feet deep. They shall be installed in accordance with NYSDOT Section 606.
I. 
Traffic control devices.
(1) 
Construction of traffic control devices shall be in accordance with applicable NYSDOT Sections 645 (signs), 646 (markers) and 680 (traffic signals).
(2) 
Street signs shall be placed at all street intersections.
(3) 
Regulatory signs, warning signs and signals shall be placed in accordance with the NYSDOT Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).
(4) 
Delineators, placed in accordance with NYSDOT MUTCD, may be required as directed by the Town Planning Board Engineer.
(5) 
Snowplow markers shall be placed at guiderails and culverts and where directed by the Town Planning Board Engineer.
J. 
Monuments.
(1) 
Street monuments shall be placed:
(a) 
At all corners.
(b) 
Along tangents at intervals not exceeding 500 feet.
(c) 
At the beginning and end points of curves.
(d) 
At additional points as determined by the Planning Board Engineer.
(2) 
Excavations for the placement of monuments shall be backfilled NYSDOT Section 204 using controlled low strength material.
(3) 
Monumentation and horizontal control for the project shall be tied to the New York State Plane Coordinate System (North American Horizontal Datum of 1983).
(4) 
Vertical monumentation for each street monument shall be North American Vertical Datum of 1988, NAVD '88.
K. 
Streets, trees and plantings.
(1) 
Trees shall be planted three feet outside of the right-of-way at a spacing of not more than 100 feet on center on each side of proposed streets or as required by the Planning Board. At a minimum, each lot shall have a minimum of two trees on each road frontage. Trees shall be planted at the time of subdivision development, but in all cases prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy for each lot.
(2) 
Planting shall be in accordance with NYSDOT Section 611.
L. 
Turf establishment.
(1) 
Turf shall be established in all unpaved areas of the right-of-way.
(2) 
Topsoil. Topsoil shall be prepared and placed in accordance with NYSDOT Section 610, except topsoil thickness shall be six inches.
(3) 
The area shall be limed, fertilized, mulched and seeded in accordance with NYSDOT Section 610.
M. 
Utilities.
(1) 
Gas, electric, telephone, television cable and other utilities shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of the utility having jurisdiction.
(2) 
All utilities shall be placed in a right-of-way or easement.
(3) 
Appropriate warning tape shall be installed 12 inches above all utilities.
(a) 
Marking tape shall be six inches detectable marking tape (5 mil. thickness, with 0.35 mil solid aluminum foil with "Deep-1" Magnetic Utility markers by Berntsen International).
(b) 
The following colors shall be utilized based upon the utility:
Blue: water and associated lines
Green: sanitary and associated lines
Orange: telecommunications and telephone lines
Red: electric and associated lines
Yellow: gas and associated lines
(4) 
The locations of all utilities shall be recorded on the record drawings.
N. 
Driveways. Proposed driveways shall comply with the Town of Schodack Chapter 112, Driveways, except as follows:
(1) 
Proposed driveway grades shall not exceed 10% slope, to facilitate access by emergency vehicles.
(2) 
Proposed driveway grades shall not exceed 3% slope within the first 50 feet from the road edge of the pavement.