The purpose of this division is to provide regulations for outdoor lighting that will:
(a) 
Permit the use of outdoor lighting that does not exceed the minimum levels specified for nighttime safety, utility, security, productivity, enjoyment, and commerce;
(b) 
Minimize adverse offsite impacts of lighting such as light trespass, and obtrusive light;
(c) 
Curtail light pollution, reduce skyglow and improve the nighttime environment for astronomy;
(d) 
Help protect the natural environment from the adverse effects of night lighting from gas or electric sources; and
(e) 
Conserve energy and resources to the greatest extent possible.
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)
(a) 
Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, all outdoor lighting within the city limits must comply with the requirements of this division unless required by state, federal, or local law.
(b) 
The following are not regulated as by this division:
(1) 
Lighting within the public right-of-way for the principal purpose of illuminating streets or roads;
(2) 
Temporary lighting used by law enforcement, fire, and other emergency services;
(3) 
Lighting required by law to be installed on motor vehicles;
(4) 
Lighting for public monuments and public statuary, provided the lighting does not constitute a hazard to the operation of motor vehicles upon a public street;
(5) 
Lighting solely for signs;
(6) 
Temporary lighting for theatrical, television, performance areas and construction sites, provided the lighting does not constitute a hazard to the operation of motor vehicles upon a public street and is fully shielded after 10:00 p.m.;
(7) 
Underwater lighting in swimming pools and other water features; and
(8) 
Temporary lighting and seasonal lighting, provided that individual lamps are less than seven watts and 45 lumens;
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)
(a) 
Generally.
Outdoor lighting installed after the effective date of this CDO shall not exceed the footcandle values in table 28-3-40-1, illumination standards, and table 28-3-40-2, parking lot lighting.
(b) 
Existing lighting.
Any existing lighting expected to remain as part of a development shall be incorporated into the footcandle calculations to determine their conformance with the footcandle values.
Table 28-3-40-1
Illumination Standards
Zoning Districts
Maximum Footcandle adjacent a Residential Property Line1
Maximum Footcandle adjacent a Nonresidential Property Line1
Maximum Footcandle adjacent a Public Right-of-Way1
Average Permitted Horizontal Footcandles1
Average Permitted Vertical Footcandles for Building Façades2
All values are stated in footcandles
ER, SR, SU
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
1.0
SC, GC, DD
0.5
2.0
1.0
5.0
1.5
SO
0.5
2.0
2.0
5.0
1.5
IN
0.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
Table Notes:
1.
Horizontal footcandles are measured horizontal from the surface of the property by holding a light meter parallel to the ground approximately one foot off the surface.
2.
Vertical footcandles are measured from the vertical surface of a building by holding a light meter parallel to the building façade approximately one foot from the surface of the façade.
(c) 
Parking lot lighting.
Parking facilities, including structured and open parking lots, spaces, drive aisles, entrances, stairways, and elevator lobbies must meet the illumination standards set out in table 28-3-40-2, parking lot lighting. Light fixtures must be designed and installed to prevent glare from being cast outside of any parking structure or parking lot, and shall not exceed the limits stated in table 28-3-40-1, illumination standards.
Table 28-3-40-2
Parking Lot Lighting
Standard
Footcandle Requirement1
Minimum Horizontal Illuminance1
0.2 footcandles
Average Horizontal Illuminance1
2.5 footcandles
Uniformity Ratios (Horizontal Illumination) Average to Minimum
4:1
Table Notes:
1.
Measured on the parking surface, without any shadowing effect from parked cars or trees.
(d) 
Color temperature.
Nonresidential luminaries shall utilize lamps with a color temperature rating between 3,100 Kelvin and 4,500 Kelvin.
(e) 
Prohibited sources.
High pressure sodium, mercury vapor, and fluorescent lamps or bulbs are prohibited because their color is significantly different from the daylight spectrum.
(f) 
Canopy lighting.
Canopy lighting for uses that have sheltered outside work or service areas, such as vehicle gas and fueling stations, must recess all luminaries into the canopy so that they cannot be viewed off-site from an eye height of four feet (to protect automobile drivers from glare).
(g) 
Outdoor recreation facilities.
(1) 
Average permitted horizontal footcandle exemption.
Illumination levels for sports facilities may exceed the maximum permitted horizontal footcandle requirements and shall be:
a. 
Designed to be no higher than recommended for the appropriate class of play, as defined by the current version of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA) publication IES RP-6-15; and
b. 
Comply with the maximum footcandles adjacent to residential and nonresidential property lines standards established in table 28-3-40-1, illumination standards.
(2) 
Shielding.
Fixtures used for non-aerial sports shall be fully-shielded. Fixtures used for aerial sports, such as baseball and softball shall be shielded to the full extent possible while also allowing the minimum of vertical illuminance needed to track the ball.
(3) 
Certification.
Lighting systems for outdoor recreational facilities shall be designed and certified by an engineer registered in the state as conforming to all applicable restrictions of this Code before construction commences. Further, after installation is complete, the lighting system shall be again certified by a registered engineer to verify that the installation is consistent with the certified design.
(4) 
Curfew.
No outdoor athletic facility shall be illuminated between 10:30 p.m. and 5:30 a.m., except to conclude any officially sanctioned and scheduled recreational or sporting event in progress prior to the curfew.
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)
(a) 
Generally.
All lighting shall be shielded so the source of illumination (bulb or direct lamp image) is not visible from the property line. This reduces glare and interference with boundary streets and adjacent properties. No lamp shall extend past the housing of a light fixture.
(b) 
Light fixture type.
Light fixtures shall be:
(1) 
"Full cut-off" fixtures that limit lighting that is visible or measurable at the property line;
(2) 
Of constant intensity;
(3) 
Reflected or shielded so as not to:
a. 
Be of excessive brightness;
b. 
Cause glare hazardous to pedestrians or drivers;
c. 
Create any public or private nuisance; or
d. 
Unreasonably interfere with an adjacent property owner's right to enjoy their property.
(4) 
"No cut-off" fixtures, used only for decorative purposes, provided:
a. 
They have light fixtures that produce no more than 1,500 lumens (approximately equal to a 100-watt incandescent bulb);
b. 
They use energy-efficient bulbs, such as compact fluorescent (CF) and light-emitting diode (LED).
Figure 28-3-41 Types of Light Fixtures
(c) 
Cut-off requirements.
(See figure 28-3-41, type of light fixtures.)
(1) 
Full cut-off.
Except as otherwise allowed, all lighting (including, but not limited to vehicle use areas, canopies, security, walkway, landscaping, signs, outdoor display areas, and building) shall have 100 percent of its output below 90 degrees from a vertical line through the fixture.
(2) 
Adjacent to residential use or district.
All lighting fixtures that are mounted on a building wall facing a property line adjacent to a residential property line or public right-of-way boundary shall be fitted with a "house side shielding" reflector on the side facing the residential property line or public right-of-way.
(3) 
Flags and statutes.
Light fixtures used to illuminate flags, statues, or any other objects mounted on a pole, pedestal, or platform shall use a narrow cone beam of light that will not extend beyond the illuminated object.
(d) 
Maximum fixture height.
(1) 
Freestanding fixtures.
No freestanding light fixture shall be greater than 25 feet in height, except as set out for outdoor recreation facilities in section 28-3-40, illuminance.
(2) 
Fixtures mounted on residential buildings and accessory structures.
Fixtures that are mounted on residential buildings or accessory structures shall not be located higher than 16 feet or above the lowest point of the roof eave, whichever is lower.
(3) 
Fixtures mounted on nonresidential buildings.
Fixtures that are mounted on nonresidential buildings shall not be located above the highest point of the roofline of any building.
(4) 
Full cut-off fixtures.
Full cut-off fixtures shall have a maximum height of 30 feet.
(5) 
No cut-off fixtures.
No cut-off fixtures:
a. 
Shall have a maximum height of 20 feet; and
b. 
Are not permitted on any side of a building that faces or abuts a residential property line.
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)
(a) 
Generally.
Outdoor lighting shall accommodate different times of day when the need for artificial illumination is reduced or not necessary.
(b) 
Automatic switching.
All outdoor lighting other than that under a canopy, tunnel or parking garage, or over a garage or building entrance, must include controls that automatically extinguish the lighting when sufficient daylight is available using a control device or system such as a photoelectric switch, astronomic time switch or equivalent functions from a programmable light controller, building automation system, or lighting energy management system, all with battery or similar backup power or device.
(c) 
Lighting reduction.
(1) 
Nonresidential uses.
If intended to be left on more than 30 minutes after closing or the completion of activities, outdoor lighting shall be reduced to 25 percent or less of the average permitted horizontal footcandle (see section 28-3-40, illuminance). Motion sensor activation may be allowed to cause the light to resume normal footcandle output only when activated and to be reduced back to 25 percent or less within five minutes after activation has ceased.
(2) 
Exemptions.
The following are exempt:
a. 
Residential lighting;
b. 
Code required lighting for steps, stairs, walkways, and building entrances;
c. 
Lighting required by an order, resolution, or ordinance of the city to be maintained at a particular level; and
d. 
Lighting for businesses that operate on a 24-hour basis.
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)
(a) 
Generally.
No outdoor lighting may be used in any manner that may interfere with the safe movement of motor vehicles on public rights-of-way.
(b) 
Prohibitions.
Light pollution is declared a public nuisance, and is hereby prohibited. The following are prohibited:
(1) 
Temporary lighting in which any single luminaire exceeds 20,000 initial luminaire lumens or the total lighting load exceeds 160,000 lumens;
(2) 
Any fixed light not designed for roadway illumination that produces incident or reflected light that could impair the operator of a motor vehicle;
(3) 
The installation, use, or maintenance of beacons or searchlights;
(4) 
Exposed strip lighting used to illuminate building façades or outline buildings, or neon tubing, or flickering or flashing lights installed in like fashion, except for temporary decorative seasonal lighting;
(5) 
Drop-lens fixtures;
(6) 
The use of more than one spotlight per flag; and
(7) 
Aerial lasers.
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)
(a) 
Lighting amortization.
Existing lighting must comply with the requirements of this division five years after the effective date of the CDO.
(b) 
Appeal of amortization clause.
Any property owner may appeal the city's enforcement of the aforementioned lighting amortization clause per section 28-7-34, appeals, to the zoning board of adjustment (ZBA).
(Ord. No. 2020-1331, 9-15-2020)