Certain words and phrases used herein, unless otherwise clearly indicated by their context, shall mean as follows:
"Approved"
means approved in writing by the Health Officer.
"Board of health"
means the Tacoma-Pierce County Board of Health.
"Department"
means the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department.
"Health officer"
means the Health Officer of the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department or his/her authorized representative.
"NSF"
means the National Sanitation Foundation.
"Permit holder"
means the person to whom permit is issued or his/her authorized agent.
"Person"
means any individual, firm, partnership, company, corporation, trustee, association, or any public or private entity.
"Private pool"
means any swimming pool, wading pool or spray pool maintained by an individual, the use of which is confined to members of his/her family or invited guests. Private pools are not subject to the provisions of this chapter.
"Public swimming pool"
means any swimming pool, together with buildings and appurtenances in connection therewith, which is available to the general public with or without payment of an admission charge for the use of same; including any swimming pool, except private pools, where the same is 1,500 square feet or more in surface area whether or not available to the general public; or any swimming pool not otherwise defined in this section.
"Semipublic swimming pool"
means any swimming pool provided for and used by numbers of persons or multiple family or cooperative groups such as, but not limited to, hotels, motels, condominiums, trailer parks, apartments, subdivision, community clubs, private clubs, institutions, or schools, the use of which is limited to such groups and their invited guests and where the same is less than 1,500 square feet in surface area.
"Spray pool"
means any pool or artificially constructed depression intended for use by children, into which water is sprayed, but is not allowed to pond in the bottom of the pool.
"Swimming pool"
means any structure, basin, chamber, or tank containing water for swimming, diving, or recreational bathing and having a depth of two feet or more at any point and including all facilities incident thereto.
"Wading pool"
means any artificial pool of water intended and constructed for wading purposes which is less than two feet in depth at its deepest point.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
It shall be unlawful for any person to open for use, or allow or cause to be used, any public or semipublic swimming pool for swimming or bathing purposes without having a current, valid permit to operate issued by the Health Officer. Application for such permit, accompanied by the annual fee set out herein, shall be made in writing to the Health Department on a form to be provided by the department; provided that the fee for any initial permit to operate shall be prorated to one-twelfth the annual fee for each remaining month in the year. The Health Officer shall inspect the proposed public or semipublic swimming pool, and upon determination that such swimming pool complies with the applicable provisions of this chapter, shall issue a permit to operate to such applicant. Permits shall be valid only for the swimming pool for which issued, but upon application may be transferred without charge from person to person. Permits shall be posted conspicuously on the premises for which issued and shall be protected from the weather.
B. 
Permit fees. The annual fees for permits and renewal of permits, which are payable to the Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department prior to issuance of a permit or renewal, are as follows:
Swimming Pools (Includes swimming, spa, wading, and spray pools):
 
1993
1994
Open less than 6 months
$310
$325
Each additional pool Add
$155
$165
Open 6 months or more
$620
$650
Each additional pool Add
$190
$200
Note: For facilities with pools in both categories, contact Health Department for fee determination.
Plan Review
$580.00
$610.00
Remodel Plan Review
$145.00
$150.00
Note: Double plan review fee is charged if construction is started without Health Department approval.
Late fee charge:
1 to 30 days late
25% of fee
25% of fee
More than 30 days late
50% of fee
50% of fee
Opening without a permit
50% of fee
50% of fee
Reinspection Fees:
1st Reinspection
$80
$85
2nd Reinspection
$125
$130
3rd or more reinspection
$165
$175
Administrative Fees:
Administrative Hearings
$325
$340
1st Probation Inspection
$125
$130
2nd Probation Inspection
$125
$130
3rd or more Inspection
$125
$130
Reinstatement Permit
$200
$210
Other:
Variance Requests
$150
$160
Miscellaneous Fee**
To be determined
Refund Fee
$50
$50
Confirmed Illness Outbreak
 
 
Investigation
$75/hour
$75/hour
**The Health Officer is authorized to establish fees on an individual basis for any services which do not precisely conform to any of the defined categories. Such fees will be determined based on $75.00/hour cost per service. After hours weekdays and weekends additional charge.
C. 
Any permit may be suspended by the Health Officer for failure of the permit holder, or of the swimming pool for which issued, to comply with the requirements of this chapter.
Whenever the Health Officer finds that a violation of this chapter has created or is creating an insanitary or hazardous condition he/she shall cause to be issued and served upon the permit holder or posted on the premises an order setting forth the violations creating such insanitary or hazardous conditions, specifying the corrective action to be taken, and the period of time within which such violations shall be corrected. Any permit holder to whom such an order is issued shall, upon written petition to the Health Officer within five days after the issuance of such order, be afforded a hearing thereon within five days of the filing of such petition.
Upon failure of the permit holder to comply with any order issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the Health Officer shall cause to be issued and served upon the permit holder or posted on the premises a notice that such permit is suspended effective upon such service or posting, and that a hearing on such suspension will be provided if a written request therefor is filed within five days after the issuance of such notice by said permit holder with the Health Officer. Upon suspension of any permit in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, all use of the swimming pool for which such permit has been issued shall cease.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, whenever the Health Officer finds an insanitary or hazardous condition constituting an imminent hazard to health or safety which requires immediate closure of the swimming pool, he/she may, without notice or hearing, suspend with immediate effect the permit to operate such swimming pool, and all use of such swimming pool shall cease immediately; provided that any person whose permit is so suspended shall, upon written petition to the Health Officer filed within five days after such suspension, be afforded a hearing within five days of the filing of such petition.
D. 
Any person whose permit to operate has been suspended may, at any time, make written application together with the fee indicated in Section 5.50.020 for reinstatement of such permit. Such application shall include a statement, signed by the applicant, that the conditions causing such suspension have been corrected. Within five days after receipt of such application, the Health Officer shall inspect such swimming pool, and if he/she finds that such swimming pool complies with the provisions of this chapter, he/she shall reinstate such permit to operate.
E. 
For serious or repeated violations of any of the requirements of this chapter, or for interference with the Health Officer in the performance of his/her duties, or for failure to comply with any lawful order issued in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the Health Officer may revoke any permit to operate by issuing and causing to be served upon the permit holder a notice in writing setting forth the reasons for such revocation and advising that such permit shall be revoked effective five days after service of such notice unless a written request for hearing is filed with the Health Officer within such five-day period. A permit may be suspended if the holder thereof has not paid the fees pursuant to subsection B hereof, pending revocation of such permit or a hearing relative thereto.
F. 
Hearings on the suspension or revocation of a permit and/or regarding an order of the Health Officer shall be conducted by the Health Officer at such time and place as the Health Officer shall designate. At any such hearing, the permit holder may appear in person, or through a representative, and may testify, call witnesses and cross-examine witnesses testifying against him or her. The Health Officer shall make findings and shall sustain, modify or rescind any official notice or order considered at such hearing, and shall furnish a copy of his/her written decision to the permit holder within five working days.
G. 
Notices required hereunder to be served on the permit holder shall be deemed served when delivered personally to the permit holder or his/her agent, or when sent by certified mail to the address given on the permit.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03; Ord. 24807 § 3, 1990-12-18; Ord. 25024 § 3, 1991-12-10; Ord. 25225 § 3, 1992-12-15; Ord. 25425 § 3, 1994-01-11)
Any person aggrieved by any decision or final order of the Health Officer shall have the right to appeal such decision or order. Such appeals shall be to the City of Tacoma Hearing Examiner and shall follow the procedure outlined in the Official Code of the City of Tacoma for appeals from orders or decisions of the Health Officer.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
No person shall construct, alter, or renovate, or commence construction, alteration, or renovation of any public or semipublic swimming pool, wading pool, spray pool, or appurtenances thereto, without first having obtained the approval of the Health Officer of the plans and specifications therefor. Such plans and specifications shall be submitted to the Health Officer in duplicate, and in the case of new pools shall be prepared by an architect or professional engineer qualified in the proposed work and licensed to practice such profession under the laws of the State of Washington. Such plans shall be accompanied by a plan review fee as set forth in Section 5.50.020B hereof.
Plans shall be drawn to scale and accompanied by specifications containing details on all recirculation and chemical equipment, including pumps, disinfection equipment, chemical feeders, filters, meters, strainers, overflow channels and/or skimming facilities, and related equipment so as to enable a comprehensive review of such plans and specifications including piping and hydraulic details. If, upon examination of such plans and specifications, the Health Officer finds that the proposed construction, alteration, or renovation will comply with the provisions of this chapter, he/she shall approve the same; provided that such approval may be conditioned upon the making of such modifications in such plans and specifications as the public health or safety may require.
B. 
The construction, alteration, or renovation of any public or semipublic swimming pool, wading pool, spray pool, or appurtenances thereto shall be made in accordance with approved plans and specifications therefor; provided that changes or modifications in such plans and specifications consistent with the public health and safety may be made with the written approval of the Health Officer. Upon completion of any such construction, alteration, or modification, the owner or operator of such pool, or the agent of either, shall notify the Health Officer of its readiness for inspection, and no such pool shall be opened for use or allowed or caused to be used until inspected by the Health Officer and found to be in compliance with the provisions of this chapter.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
The water supply serving the pool and all plumbing fixtures, including drinking fountains, lavatories, and showers, shall meet the requirements of the rules and regulations of the Washington State Board of Health.
B. 
All portions of the water distribution system serving the pool and auxiliary facilities shall be protected against backflow.
1. 
Water introduced into the pool, either directly or to the recirculation system, shall be supplied through an air gap or backflow preventer approved by the Health Officer.
2. 
In the case of plumbing connections to the potable water distribution system, the supply shall be protected by a suitable air gap whenever possible. When such air gaps are not possible, the supply shall be protected by an approved backflow preventer installed on the discharge side of the last control valve to the fixture, device, or appurtenance.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
The sewer system shall be adequate to serve the facility, including bathhouse, locker room, and related accommodations.
B. 
There shall be no direct physical connection between the sewer system and any drain from the pool or recirculation system. Any pool or gutter drain or overflow from the recirculation system, when discharged to the sewer system, shall connect through a suitable air gap so as to preclude the possibility of backup of sewage or waste into the pool piping system.
1. 
Connections to a sanitary sewer must have the approval of the appropriate City Public Works Division.
C. 
The sanitary sewer serving the pool and auxiliary facilities shall discharge to the public sewer system whenever possible. Where no such sewer is available, the connection shall be made to a suitable disposal system designed, constructed, and operated in accordance with the requirements of the City Public Works Department.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Swimming pools and all appurtenances thereto shall be constructed of materials which are inert, nontoxic to man, water-impervious and durable; which can withstand the design stresses; which will provide a tight tank with a smooth, easily cleaned surface, or to which a smooth, easily cleaned surface finish can be applied, and which may be finished in white or light color.
B. 
All corners formed by intersection of walls with floors shall be rounded.
C. 
Sand or earth bottoms are not permitted in pool construction.
D. 
Pool finish must be of white or light colored material, nontoxic to bathers, with a nonporous, easily cleanable surface.
E. 
No projections, cavities, indentations, or similar physical features constituting a potential hazard to the bather shall be permitted.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
All pools shall be designed and constructed to withstand all anticipated loadings for both full and empty conditions. The designing architect or engineer shall be responsible for certifying to the structural stability and safety of the pool.
B. 
The shape of any pool shall be such that the swimmer’s safety will not be impaired.
C. 
The minimum depth of water in the pool should be three feet, except for special instructional pools or for restricted or recessed areas in general pools which are set aside primarily for the use of children. Such areas, when included as part of the pool, shall be separated from the pool proper by means of a safety line supported by buoys and attached to the side walls. Wading pools for children, physically separated from the swimming pool, are preferred. Such facilities may be served by the swimming pool recirculation system.
D. 
The maximum depth at the shallow end of the pool shall not exceed three feet, six inches, except for competitive or special purpose pools.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
The depth of the water in public pools shall be plainly marked at or above the water surface on the vertical pool wall and should be installed on the edge of the deck or walk next to the pool, at maximum and minimum points, at the points of break between the deep and shallow portions, and at intermediate one-foot increments of depth, spaced at not more than 25-foot intervals, measured peripherally. Where depth markers cannot be placed on the vertical walls above the water level, other means shall be used, said marking to be plainly visible to persons in the pool. The depth in the diving areas will be appropriately marked. Semipublic pools shall be plainly marked on the edge of the deck or walk next to the pool.
B. 
Depth markers shall be in numerals of four inches minimum height and a color contrasting with the background.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Main drains shall be provided at the deepest point of the pool. Openings must be covered by a proper grating. Grates shall be designed to prevent finger entrapment. Net area of outlet openings of the grating in the floor of the pool shall be such as to preclude the possibility of developing a suction dangerous to bathers’ safety, and shall be at least four times the area of the discharge pipe or provide sufficient area so the maximum velocity of the water passing the grate will not exceed 1-1/2 feet per second or shall be a safely designed and sized antivortex drain. Main drain piping shall be separately valved and shall discharge to the recirculation pump suction and have a capacity equal to 100 percent of the recirculation pump capacity.
B. 
Where the width of the pool is more than 30 feet, multiple main drain outlets shall be provided. In such cases, outlets shall be spaced not more than 20 feet apart, nor more than 10 feet from side walls.
C. 
Spray pools shall be equipped at their low point with an unvalved trapped drain of sufficient capacity and design to prohibit accumulation of any water in the pool.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Inlets for fresh and/or repurified water shall be located to produce uniform circulation of water and to facilitate the maintenance of a uniform disinfectant residual throughout the entire pool, without existence of dead spots. Inlets from the circulation system shall be flush with the pool wall and submerged at least 12 inches below the water level.
B. 
Wall inlets shall be designed as an orifice capable of a deflection adjustment of 45 degrees or must be provided with an individual gate or similar valve to permit balancing of water volume to obtain the best circulation, and shall be a minimum of 12 inches below the surface.
C. 
Floor inlets shall have flow-adjusting plates so as to permit a full range of flow adjustment from closed to full open.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
The slope of the bottom of any portion of a public pool having a water depth of less than five feet shall not be more than one foot in 15 feet, and said slope shall be uniform. In portions with a depth greater than five feet, the slope shall not exceed one foot in three feet. All portions of the pool bottom shall have definite and continuous slope toward the bottom drains.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Walls of a public pool shall be either vertical for water depth of at least six feet, or vertical for a distance of 2-1/2 feet below the water level below which the wall shall be curved to the bottom with a radius not to exceed:
1. 
At three-foot depth, a six-inch radius cove at the base of a two-foot, six-inch vertical section.
2. 
At three-foot, six-inch depth, a one-foot radius cove at the base of a two-foot, six-inch vertical section.
3. 
At five-foot depth, a one-foot, six-inch radius cove at the base of a three-foot, six-inch vertical section. From this point the spring line or point of departure from vertical may rise through an eight-foot transitional zone, measured horizontally, to a typical deep end wall design consisting of at least a two-foot, six-inch vertical section with a curved section from that point meeting the floor of the pool.
B. 
When a moveable bulkhead is used, it shall be positioned so that swimmers cannot swim under or be entrapped under the bulkhead, and be so secured that swimmers cannot move it.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Overflow gutters shall be required on all pools having a surface area of over 2,500 square feet. (Pools having a surface area of less than 2,500 square feet shall be provided either with overflow gutters or skimming devices.)
B. 
Overflow gutters shall extend completely around the pool, except at steps or recessed ladders in the shallow portion. The overflow gutter shall also serve as a handhold. This gutter shall be capable of continuously removing 100 percent of the recirculation pump capacity plus one-fifth of the balancing tank capacity expressed in gallons per minute. All overflow gutters shall be connected to the recirculation system through a properly designed surge tank. The gutter, drains, and return piping to the surge tank shall be designed to rapidly remove overflow water caused by recirculation displacement, wave action, or other causes produced from the maximum pool bathing load. Gutters (roll out) shall be adequately sloped to provide rapid drainage to drains not more than 15 feet apart, and such drainage shall be returned to the filters. The opening into the gutter beneath the coping shall not be less than four inches, and the interior of the gutter shall not be less than three inches wide, with a depth of at least three inches and designed to be easily cleanable. Where large gutters are used, they shall be designed to prevent entrance or entrapment of bathers’ arms or legs. The overflow edge or lip shall be rounded and not thicker than 2-1/2 inches for the top two inches. The outlet fittings shall have a clear opening in the grating at least equal to 1-1/2 times the cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe.
C. 
Balancing tanks shall be required where overflow gutters or channels are used. The capacity in gallons shall be equal to the maximum bathing load expressed. If the balancing tank is designed to serve as a makeup water tank or to prevent air lock in the pump Section line, or both, the capacity shall be increased sufficiently to accommodate these uses. Filter pits for vacuum type filters may serve as balancing tanks if properly designed to accommodate this additional volume.
D. 
Nothing in this Section shall preclude the use of roll-out or deck-level type pools. Such designs shall conform to the general provisions relating to overflow rates. The design of the curbs and handholds shall conform to accepted standards, and the approval of the Health Officer shall be based on detailed review of this feature of construction and evaluated in the light of proposed use of pool.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Skimmers are permitted on public and semipublic swimming pools with not more than 2,500 square feet of surface area. At least one skimming device shall be provided for each 500 square feet of surface area or fraction thereof, plus one additional device when considered necessary, with a minimum of two skimmers per pool. They shall be so located as to insure proper skimming of the entire pool surface. The deck must be no more than nine inches above the normal water line. Skimming devices shall be built into the pool wall, shall be valved at the device or individually at the pump. If adjusted at the device there must be a master valve at the pump. The device(s) shall develop sufficient velocity on the pool water surface to induce floating oils and wastes into the skimmer from the entire pool area.
B. 
General Specifications.
1. 
The piping and other pertinent components of skimmers shall be designed for a total capacity of at least 100 percent of the required filter flow of the recirculation system, and no skimmer shall be designed for a flow-through rate of less than 30 gallons per minute or 3.7 gallons per minute per lineal inch of weir. All equipment shall be NSF approved.
2. 
The skimmer weir shall be automatically adjustable and shall operate freely with continuous action to variations in water level over a range of at least four inches. The weir shall operate at all flow variations as described in Section 5.50.160A.2. The weir shall be of such buoyancy and design so as to develop an effective velocity.
3. 
An easily removable and cleanable basket or screen through which all overflow water must pass shall be provided to trap large solids.
4. 
The skimmer shall be provided with a device to prevent air-lock in the suction line. If an equalizer pipe is used, it shall provide an adequate amount of water for pump suction should the water of the pool drop below the weir level, provided that, if any other device, surge tank, or arrangement is used, a sufficient amount of water for pump suction shall be assured.
5. 
Where the equalizer pipe is used, it shall be sized to meet the capacity requirements of the filter and pump. This pipe shall be located at least one foot below the lowest overflow level of the skimmer. It shall be provided with a valve or equivalent device that will remain tightly closed under normal operating conditions, but will automatically open when the skimmer becomes starved and the water level drops two inches below the lowest weir level.
6. 
The skimmer shall be of sturdy, corrosion-resistant materials.
7. 
Prevailing winds in outdoor pools shall be considered in placement of skimmers to assure removal of windblown material.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
A recirculation system, consisting of pumps, piping, filters, water conditioning, and disinfection equipment and other accessory equipment shall be provided at all pools, except spray pools, which will clarify and disinfect the pool volume of water in six hours or less in a public pool and 12 hours or less in a semipublic pool. However, for semipublic pools, it is recommended that the pool volume of water be recirculated in eight hours or less. Not less than 60 percent of the recirculated water shall be returned through the overflow channels or skimming devices.
B. 
All piping shall be designed to reduce friction losses to a minimum and to carry the required quantity of water at a maximum velocity not to exceed eight feet per second.
C. 
On systems where the pump is located before the filter, the recirculation system shall include a strainer to prevent hair, lint, etc., from reaching the pump and filters. Strainers shall be corrosion-resistant with openings which will provide a free flow area at least four times the area of pump suction line and shall be readily accessible for frequent cleaning.
D. 
A vacuum-cleaning system shall be provided. When the vacuum-cleaning system is an integral part of the recirculation system, sufficient connections shall be located in the walls of the pool, at least eight inches below the water line, or may be a component part of the skimmer.
E. 
A rate-of-flow indicator, reading in gallons per minute, shall be installed and located on the pool return (inlet) line. The indicator shall be capable of flows measuring at least 1-1/2 times the design flow rate, shall be accurate within 10 percent of true flow, and shall be easy to read.
F. 
Pumps shall be of adequate capacity to provide the required number of turnovers of pool water as specified in Section 5.50.170A, and whenever possible shall be so located as to eliminate need for priming. If the pump or suction piping is located above the overflow level of the pool, the pump shall be self-priming. The pump or pumps shall be capable of providing flow adequate for the backwashing of filters.
G. 
All electrical components of the recirculation system shall be approved by the electrical inspection authority having jurisdiction.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
For purposes of computing swimmer and bather capacity, pool areas shall be determined as follows, where A equals the surface area of the pool and S equals the surface area of the pool less than 5 feet deep.
1. 
Outdoor swimming pools with a surface area of more than 2,000 square feet.
Maximum Bathing Load = ((A-S) – 27) + (S -15))
2. 
Outdoor swimming pools with a surface area of less than 2,000 square feet.
Maximum Bathing Load = A – 24.
3. 
Indoor swimming pools.
Maximum Bathing Load = A – 24.
4. 
Spray pools, wading pools.
Maximum Bathing Load = A – 24.
B. 
1. 
In outdoor pools greater than 2,000 square feet of surface area, 15 square feet of pool surface shall be provided for each bather in that portion having five feet or less in depth. In that portion having more than five feet in depth, 27 square feet of surface area shall be provided for each bather.
2. 
For outdoor swimming pools with a surface area of less than 2,000 square feet, indoor swimming pools, spray pools, and wading pools, a minimum of 24 square feet shall be provided for each swimmer.
3. 
When bather safety is in question, the Health Officer may limit the maximum number of bathers in a pool to less than the maximum bather loads prescribed in this section.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Sand filters shall meet the requirements of the National Sanitation Foundation or equivalent.
B. 
Sand filters shall be designed for a filter rate of not more than three gallons per minute per square foot of bed area with sufficient area to meet the design rate of flow required by the prescribed turnover.
C. 
Filtering material shall consist of at least 20 inches of screened, sharp filter sand with an effective size between 0.4 and .55 mm and a uniformity coefficient not exceeding 1.75, supported by at least 10 inches of graded filter gravel. Anthracite of appropriate size and uniformity coefficient of 0.6 to 0.8 mm with a uniformity coefficient of not greater than 1.8 may be used in lieu of the sand. The gravel shall effectively distribute water uniformly during filtration and backwashing. A reduction in this depth or an elimination of gravel may be permitted where equivalent performance and service are demonstrated.
D. 
The underdrain system shall be of corrosion-resistant and enduring material, so designed and of such material that the orifices or other openings will maintain approximately constant area. It shall be designed to provide even collection or distribution of the flow during filtration and backwashing.
E. 
The freeboard space shall be sufficient to allow for 50 percent expansion of the media to prevent loss of media through the lowest portion of the pipes which serve as overflows during backwashing.
F. 
Pressure filter systems shall be provided with influent and effluent pressure gauges, or loss of head gauges, and backwash sight glass on the waste discharge line. Air relief valves at or near the high point of the filter must be provided.
G. 
Vacuum filter systems shall provide a vacuum gauge between the filter and the motor.
H. 
The filter system shall be designed with necessary valves and piping to permit:
1. 
Filtering to pool:
a. 
Individual backwashing of filters to waste at a rate of not less than 15 gallons per minute per square foot of filter area;
b. 
Pressure systems to be backwashed at six to nine pounds pressure differential between the influent and effluent lines.
2. 
Vacuum systems to be backwashed at 10 to 15 inches of mercury between the filter and the pump.
3. 
Isolation of individual filters for repairs while other units are in service.
4. 
Complete drainage of all parts of the system.
5. 
The overall layout shall permit necessary maintenance, operation and inspection in a convenient manner.
I. 
Each pressure sand filter shall be provided with an access opening of not less than a standard 11-inch by 15-inch manhole and cover.
J. 
Aluminum sulfate (alum) or other compounds which have received approval from the Health Officer may be used as coagulants. Devices with reasonably accurate dosage control features shall be provided for adding coagulants ahead of the filter.
1. 
Alum application for pre-coat must be a minimum of 2 ounces/square foot.
2. 
Use of other compounds will require that manufacturer’s specifications be submitted to the Health Officer for review and approval.
K. 
The tank and its integral parts shall be constructed of material capable of withstanding continuous, anticipated usage, and pressure tanks shall be designed for a pressure safety factor of four based on the maximum shutoff head of the pump. This shutoff head for design purposes shall in no case be considered less than 50 pounds per square inch.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Diatomite-type filters shall meet the requirements of the National Sanitation Foundation or equivalent.
B. 
Sufficient filter area shall be provided to meet the design pump capacity as required by Section 5.50.170A and Section 5.50.170F.
C. 
Rate of filtration. The design rate of filtration shall not be greater than 2 gallons per minute per square foot of effective filtering surface.
D. 
Where a body feeding device is provided, the device shall be accurate (+10 percent) and dependable, and shall be capable of continually feeding within a calibrated range, adjustable from two to six ppm, at the design capacity of the recirculation pump.
E. 
Filter area, where fabric is used, shall be determined on the basis of effective filtering surfaces as created by the septum supports with no allowances for areas of impaired filtration, such as broad supports, folds, or portions which may bridge.
F. 
The filter and all component parts shall be of such materials, design, and construction as to withstand normal continuous use without significant deformation, deterioration, corrosion, or wear which could adversely affect filter operation.
G. 
The tank containing the filter elements shall be constructed of steel, concrete, plastic, or other suitable material which will satisfactorily provide resistance to corrosion, with or without coating. Pressure filters shall be designed for a minimum working pressure of 50 pounds per square inch with a four-to-one safety factor. Vacuum filters shall be designed to withstand the pressure developed by the weight of the water contained therein and closed vacuum filters shall, in addition, be designed to withstand the crushing pressure developed under a vacuum of 25 inches of mercury with a safety factor 1.5 in both instances. The septa shall be constructed to be resistant to rupture under conditions of the maximum differential pressure between influent and effluent which can be developed by the circulating pump, and of adequate strength to resist any additional stresses developed by the cleaning operation.
H. 
The filter shall be so designed and constructed, or provision made, to preclude the introduction of filter aid into the pool during pre-coating operations. Public pools, during precoat, shall recirculate first-filtered water to filter or discharge to waste.
I. 
Where dissimilar metals, which may set up galvanic electric currents, are used in the filters, provision shall be made to resist electrolytic corrosion. The filters shall be designed in such a manner that they may be easily disassembled with allowances made for adequate working space above and around the filter to allow the removal and replacement of any part and for proper maintenance.
J. 
All pressure-type filters shall be piped so the flow of water can be reversed for backwashing.
K. 
Provision shall be made for completely and rapidly draining the filter.
L. 
Pressure filter systems shall be provided with influent and effluent pressure gauges, or loss of head gauges, and backwash sight glass on the waste discharge line. Air relief valves at or near the high point of the filter must be provided.
M. 
Vacuum filter systems shall provide a vacuum gauge between the filter and the motor.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Steps, ladders, and step holes. Steps, ladders and step holes for entering and leaving the pool shall be of such construction as to minimize danger of accidents. Treads shall be of nonslip material. Where step holes are provided, they shall be of such design that they may be readily cleaned and be provided with drains into the pool to prevent accumulation of dirt. In public swimming pools, stairs shall be recessed into the wall of the pool and walkway of the pool, and a guard rail shall be provided in the walkway around the stairwell. In semipublic swimming pools, stairs may be constructed so as to extend into the pool, provided that the stair tread edge is constructed of a material so colored as to contrast with the color of the stairs and be clearly visible and evident to bathers.
B. 
Decks. A continuous deck at least four feet wide shall extend completely around the pool. The deck shall be sloped to drain away from the pool at a grade of at least 1/4 inch per foot, be provided with adequate drains, unless specifically exempted by the Health Officer, and shall have a nonslip surface. For public swimming pools, total walkway area shall not be less than 16 square feet per bather, based on the bather load as computed in Section 5.50.180.
C. 
Fencing. Nonswimmers and animals shall be excluded from the swimming pool area. Fencing requirements shall be those required by Section 2.02.490 of the Official Code of the City of Tacoma; provided that those provisions mandate, as a minimum standard, the requirements outlined in the following paragraph. If no local requirements exist, or if they are less stringent, the following shall apply:
At outdoor swimming pools, the entire area shall be enclosed by a fence having a minimum height of five feet with a lockable, self-closing, self-latching gate, with the latch no less than 42 inches from the ground. Fencing shall be constructed to prohibit children or animals from accessing the pool by climbing over, under, or through the fence. There may be no gaps more than four inches. Spray pools and wading pools shall be fenced so as to prevent the entrance of animals and minimize the entrance of persons not actively utilizing the pool facilities.
D. 
Sand and grass areas. Sand and grass areas shall not be allowed inside a public pool enclosure unless properly separated to prevent direct access on the part of bathers and unless satisfactory facilities are provided for the proper cleansing of bathers before they again enter the bathing area. Separation in semipublic pools may consist of any barrier so designed and constructed as to prevent the free and easy passage of persons to the bathing area. The provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to spray pools and wading pools.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
The minimum dimensions for public pools in the diving area and diving board installation shall conform to requirements A-1 through A-6 established by the American Public Health Association and shown in Appendix A.
B. 
The Health Officer shall recommend that diving boards not be installed on semipublic pools which do not meet the requirements in Appendix A, including free-form pools and pools with hopper or spoon-type bottoms.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Public and semipublic pools shall be equipped with a chlorinator, hypochlorinator, or other disinfectant feeder or feeders which:
1. 
Shall meet the requirements of the National Sanitation Foundation or equivalent.
2. 
Shall be of sturdy construction and materials which will withstand wear, corrosion, or attack by disinfectant solutions or vapors, and which are not adversely affected by repeated adjustments or other conditions anticipated in the use of the device. The feeder shall be capable of being easily disassembled for cleaning and maintenance. The design and construction shall be such as to preclude stoppage from chemicals intended to be used or foreign materials that may be contained therein. The feeder shall incorporate failure-proof features so that the disinfectant cannot feed directly into the pool, pool piping, water supply system, or pool enclosure under any type of failure of the equipment or its maintenance.
3. 
When chlorinators are used for public pools, the capacity shall be sufficient to feed at the rate of at least three pounds of chlorine per 24 hours per 10,000 gallons of pool capacity; and for semipublic pools the capacity shall be sufficient to feed at the rate of at least one pound of chlorine per 24 hours per 10,000 gallons of pool capacity.
4. 
Shall have a graduated and clearly marked dosage adjustment to provide flows from full capacity to 25 percent of such capacity. The device shall be capable of continuous delivery within 10 percent of the dosage at any setting.
5. 
When the disinfectant is introduced at the suction side of the pump, a device or method shall be provided to prevent air lock of the pump or recirculation system.
6. 
When compressed chlorine gas is used, the following additional features shall be provided:
a. 
The chlorine and chlorinating equipment shall be in a separate, well-ventilated room. Such room shall not be below ground level and shall be provided with vents near the floor which terminate out of doors. The door of the room shall not open to the pool, but shall open to the outside and in a direction away from prevailing winds or ventilation systems.
b. 
The chlorinator equipment shall be of rugged design, capable of withstanding wear without developing leaks.
c. 
Chlorine cylinders shall be anchored in a manner to prevent their falling over. A valve stem wrench shall be maintained on any chlorine cylinders in use so the chlorine can be shut off quickly in the case of an emergency. Valve protection hoods shall be kept in a separate place except when the cylinders are connected to the chlorinator system. Weight scales or some other means of measuring the amount of chlorine remaining in the cylinders shall be provided.
d. 
The chlorine feeding device shall be designed so that during accidents or interruptions of the water supply, leaking chlorine gas will be conducted to the out-of-doors.
e. 
Chlorinator shall be a solution feed type, capable of delivering chlorine at its maximum rate without releasing chlorine gas to the atmosphere.
f. 
The chlorinators shall be designed to prevent the backflow of water into the chlorine solution container.
g. 
Chlorine leak detector, such as bottled ammonia, shall be provided in the chlorinator room.
h. 
An emergency plan for a chlorine gas leak, in accordance with Chapter 4, Section 3 of the National Fire Protection Handbook and the Uniform Fire Code (1982 ed., Article 75), and approved by the Tacoma Fire Department, shall be posted outside the chlorine cylinder room. Designated personnel shall be trained in the implementation of such a plan.
7. 
When a hypochlorite solution is used, it shall be fed through hypochlorination equipment. Such equipment shall also provide the following additional features:
a. 
Feed shall be positive under all conditions of pressure in the circulating system.
b. 
Dosage adjustment shall be provided to insure constant feed with varying supply or back pressure.
c. 
Positive features to prevent backflow from recirculation system to the solution container, and provision for reducing to a minimum the entry into pool of calcium released from calcium hypochlorite.
d. 
Provision to prevent siphoning of hypochlorite solution when the recirculation pump and hypochlorinator are both turned off. (This applies to above-pool-level installations only.)
B. 
Equipment and piping used to apply chemicals to the water shall be of such size, design, and material that they may be cleaned and will be free from clogging, preferably of the positive displacement type. All material used for such equipment and piping shall be resistant to the action of chemicals to be used therein.
C. 
Methods other than use of a positive displacement-type pump of disinfectants will be allowed in semipublic pools if capable of maintaining the minimum required chlorine content at all times the pool is in use. Hand feeding may be used in public pools on an emergency basis only.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Pool and pool enclosure. All pools at which night bathing is permitted shall be provided with lighting fixtures of such number and design as to light all parts of the pool enclosure and the water in the pool. The lighting intensity measured at a point 30 inches above any part of the pool walkway shall be not less than 15 footcandles. Arrangements and design of lighting fixtures shall be such that bather and/or attendant may see clearly every part of the pool waters, pool bottom, walkways, springboards, and other appurtenances without being blinded by light. When underwater pool lighting is provided, such lights shall be installed with ground fault interrupters. Lighting fixtures must be approved by the electrical inspection authority having jurisdiction.
B. 
Shower rooms and dressing rooms, where provided, shall have lighting fixtures of such number and design, and be so located, as to provide lighting intensity of not less than 25 footcandles measured at a point 30 inches above any part of the shower room or dressing room floor. Location and construction of lighting fixtures and control switches shall be protected by ground fault interrupters.
C. 
Indoor public pools which permit night bathing shall provide emergency lighting capable of a minimum of 15 minutes.
D. 
Indoor pools and any auxiliary pool buildings will be well ventilated to preclude the presence of noxious or irritating odors and excess condensation.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Bathhouses to be used simultaneously by both sexes shall be divided into two parts separated by a tight partition, each designed for men or women. The entrances and exits shall be screened to break line of sight.
B. 
Floors of bathhouses shall be of smooth, finished material with nonslip surface, impervious to moisture, and sloped to a drain. Junctions between walls and floor shall be coved. Floors shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary manner.
C. 
Walls and partitions shall be of smooth, impervious material, free from cracks or open joints. Partitions in each dressing room shall terminate at least 10 inches above the floor or shall be placed on continuous raised masonry or concrete bases at least four inches high. Lockers shall be set either on solid masonry bases four inches high or on legs with bottom of locker at least 10 inches above the floor. Lockers shall be properly vented.
D. 
The requirement relating to bathhouse, dressing rooms, toilet facilities, wash basins and showers may be waived when such facilities are within 300 feet of semipublic, wading, and spray pools.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Toilet, wash basin and shower facilities, except as exempted under Section 5.50.240D, shall be provided on the basis of the following schedule:
Plumbing Fixture Schedule1
 
Males
Females
Water closets
1-60
1-40
Urinals3
1-60
–
Lavatories
1
1
Showers2
2-40
2-40
Notes:
1.
Fixture schedules should be increased for pools at schools or similar locations where bather loads may reach peaks due to schedules of use.
2.
Minimum of two.
3.
Urinals shall be so constructed that urine does not splash onto the floor or bathers’ legs.
B. 
The layout of the bathhouse shall be such that the bathers, on leaving the dressing room, pass the toilets and then the showers en route to the pool.
C. 
Showers shall be supplied with water at a temperature of a minimum of 90 degrees Fahrenheit and maximum 110 degrees Fahrenheit at a rate of at least three gallons per minute. Thermostatic, tempering, or mixing valves shall be installed if necessary. Hot water tanks shall be set at 120 degrees Fahrenheit.
D. 
Wash basins. Where toilets are provided, a minimum of one wash basin shall be provided for each sex and be located adjacent to the toilets. Paper towels or hot air drying devices shall be provided in a ratio of one towel dispenser or one hot air drying device per three wash basins.
E. 
Soap. Liquid or powdered soap in suitable dispensing equipment shall be provided at each shower head and each wash basin, and soap dispensers shall be kept clean and filled at all times the pool is in use.
F. 
Toilet tissue. Toilet tissue in suitable dispensers shall be provided at each toilet. Dispensers shall be kept filled at all times the pool is in use.
G. 
Hose bibs. Hose bibs shall be provided at convenient locations within the dressing rooms and adjacent to the pool walkways at all public and semipublic pools and wading pools. All hose bibs must be provided with approved anti-siphon devices. Freeze proof units should be utilized in areas subject to freezing.
H. 
An angle-jet drinking fountain shall be provided at a convenient location within public pool enclosures.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
There shall be adequate separation between the spaces used by visitors and spectators from spaces used by bathers.
B. 
Where toilet facilities are provided for spectators, such facilities must be separate from those provided for bathers, and the approaches to spectators’ toilet facilities shall not include areas where bathers pass in bare feet.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
Outdoor pools shall be located where they will not be exposed to excessive pollution by dust, smoke, soot, surface drainage from surrounding areas, or other undesirable substances. Swimming pools shall not be located within 15 feet of any structure, object, or land formation (i.e., pumphouse, tree etc.) which could provide a bather with the opportunity to attempt to jump into the pool from such a structure, object, or land formation.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
A disinfection process or procedure shall be used at all pools subject to this chapter for the purpose of insuring continuous disinfection of the water throughout the pool during the period the pool is in use. When chlorine or chlorine compounds are used as the disinfectant, the water in the pool at all times while in use shall contain a free chlorine residual of not less than 1.0 parts per million as measured by the DPD method, or shall contain a free chlorine residual of a higher value to be determined by the Health Officer. If other halogens are used, residuals of equivalent disinfecting strength shall be maintained. A testing kit for measuring the concentration of disinfectant, accurate within 0.1 ppm, shall be provided at each pool.
B. 
When cyanuric acid compounds are used as a disinfectant, or where cyanuric acid is added, the cyanurate concentration shall not exceed 90 parts per million, and the free chlorine residual shall be at least 1.5 parts per million. Where water quality and clarity is in question, the Health Officer may decrease the maximum allowed cyanurate concentration. A test kit to monitor cyanuric acid shall be kept and used at each facility where cyanuric acid compounds are used.
C. 
The Health Officer may accept other disinfecting materials or methods when they have been adequately demonstrated to provide a satisfactory residual effect and to otherwise be equally as effective under conditions of use as the chlorine concentration required herein, and shall not be dangerous to public health, create objectionable physiological effects, or impart toxic properties to the water.
D. 
The swimming pool water shall be maintained in an alkaline condition as indicated by a pH of between 7.2 and 8.0, or as otherwise allowed by the Health Officer. When chlorine is used as the disinfectant, and when the pH is maintained between 7.6 and 8.0, the minimum free chlorine residual shall be no less than 2.0 ppm. A pH testing kit accurate to the nearest 0.2 pH unit shall be provided at each swimming pool. The total alkalinity of the water in pools shall be at least 80 ppm. Suitable equipment for the feeding of pH regulating chemicals at such points that their use will be most effective shall be provided in public pools.
E. 
The water shall have sufficient clarity at all times so that the main drain is clearly visible from the farthest end of the pool or the appropriate life guarding station if provided. Failure to meet this requirement shall constitute grounds for immediate closure of the pool.
F. 
Pool water shall be maintained free of eye-and skin-irritating substances.
G. 
Not more than 15 percent of the samples covering any considerable period of time, no more than two consecutive samples, shall either (1) contain more than 200 bacteria per milliliter, as determined by the standard (35,C) agar plate count, or (2) show positive test (confirmed test) for coliform organisms in any of the five 10-milliliter portions of a sample or more than 1.0 coliform organisms per 50 ml when the membrane filter test is used. All samples shall be collected, dechlorinated, and examined in accordance with the procedures outlined in the latest edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water Waste-Water (APWA). The Health Officer shall prescribe the type and frequency of collection and examination of samples to assure water quality meets minimum requirements.
H. 
The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or other pathogenic organisms in the pool water shall be justification for closure of any pool until subsequent sampling shows the water to be free of such organisms.
I. 
An adequate test kit shall be kept and maintained on the premises which can measure the following chemical parameters:
1. 
Free chlorine residual by the DPD method.
2. 
Total chlorine residual by the DPD method.
3. 
pH as in Section 5.50.280D.
4. 
Total alkalinity.
5. 
Cyanuric acid, if such compounds are used in the water.
6. 
Where disinfectants other than chlorine are used and approved by the Health Officer, the test kit requirements shall be determined by the Health Officer.
J. 
The chemical parameters listed in subsection I of this Section shall be measured and recorded with an adequate frequency as determined by the Health Officer.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Visible dirt on the bottom of the pool shall be removed every 24 hours or as otherwise permitted or required by the Health Officer.
B. 
Visible scum or floating matter on the pool surface shall be removed by flushing or other effective means.
C. 
Floors in bathhouse and appurtenances as well as pool decks and walkways shall be scrubbed to insure cleanliness at all times. Disinfection with chlorine solution or other germicides shall be accomplished at least daily.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
All persons using public or semipublic pools shall be required to take a cleansing bath, using warm water and soap, and to rinse off all soap suds before entering the pool. In the case of semipublic pools, the requirement of this Section will be posted in a prominent location within each living unit, or on a prominent sign adjacent to the pool.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
No person having skin lesions; sore or inflamed eyes; mouth, nose, or ear discharges; or who is a carrier of any communicable disease shall use any pool subject to this chapter.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
Urinating, expectorating, blowing the nose, or depositing any deleterious matter in any pool subject to this chapter is prohibited.
B. 
Tobacco, food, and drink shall be completely banned from the enclosure of any public swimming pool.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
The general public not dressed for bathing shall not be allowed on walks immediately adjacent to the public pools.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
Every public and semipublic swimming pool shall be equipped with one or more light but strong, non-telescoping poles with blunt ends and not less than 12 feet in length for making reaching assists or rescues; one or more throwing buoys, approved by the U.S. Coast Guard or equivalent, and not more than 15 inches in diameter, having 60 feet of 3/16 inch rope attached, placed in easily accessible racks adjacent to the pool; an adequate first aid kit, which shall be kept filled and readily accessible for emergency use; and two or more blankets reserved for emergency use. In addition, there shall be prominently displayed immediately adjacent to the telephone, a telephone number list to include the nearest available doctor, ambulance service, hospital, and police or fire department rescue unit.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
Common towels, bathing suits, caps, combs, brushes and drinking cups are prohibited. Bathing suits, towels, and bathing caps furnished patrons at any pool subject to this chapter shall be laundered with soap and hot water, and thoroughly rinsed and dried before reuse.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
Placards reciting Sections 5.50.320 through 5.50.360 shall be posted conspicuously at the pool or enclosure and in the dressing rooms and offices of all pools subject to the provisions of this chapter.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
At all public or semipublic swimming pools and wading pools, complete daily records shall be kept and maintained on the pool premises for at least one year. These records shall be made available at any reasonable time for examination by the Health Officer. Records shall include at least the following:
A. 
Daily attendance (for public pools);
B. 
Amounts and types of chemicals added to pool;
C. 
Results of chemical tests on pool water;
D. 
Date and time of filter backwash;
E. 
Dates that the pool was emptied and/or cleaned;
F. 
Periods of recirculation equipment operation and/or malfunction and repair.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
All chemicals used in conjunction with the pool operation shall be stored in such a manner as to preclude chemical spills and or accidents.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
In the off season, seasonal pools shall be covered with a safety cover; adequately fenced or locked to prevent entrance of persons into the pool area; or the water maintained with sufficient clarity at all times so that the main drain is readily visible.
B. 
Swimming pools and wading pools which are not in use and where attendants are not present on a long-term basis shall be closed in a manner to protect the public’s safety; if the pool remains filled with water or is not completely drained, the water shall be maintained with a sufficient clarity at all times so that the main drain is readily visible; shall be adequately fenced and locked to prevent the entrance of persons into the pool area. Drained pools shall also be adequately fenced and locked to prevent the entrance of persons into the pool area.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
For the purpose of evaluating equipment, materials, or procedures, or to meet any temporary emergency condition, the Health Officer may, consistent with the public health and safety, permit the use of materials, equipment, and procedures not specifically prescribed by this chapter.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
The provisions of this chapter shall apply equally to new and existing public or semipublic swimming pools, wading pools, and spray pools.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
A. 
This chapter shall become effective May 1, 1990.
B. 
The Health Officer shall enforce this chapter. The Health Officer may, with the consent of the occupant thereof or pursuant to a lawfully issued warrant, enter any building or premises at any reasonable time to perform any of the duties imposed on him by this chapter.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
Anyone violating or failing to comply with any of the provisions of this chapter or lawful order of the Health Officer pursuant hereto shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not to exceed $300.00. Anyone found guilty of a violation shall be deemed guilty of a separate offense for every day during any portion of which any violation of any provision of this chapter is committed, continued, or permitted.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)
The several provisions of this chapter are hereby declared to be separate and severable, and the invalidity of any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section, or portion of this chapter, or the invalidity of the application thereof to any person or circumstance, shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this chapter or the validity of its application to other persons and circumstances.
(Ord. 24602 § 1, 1990-04-03)