A. 
The purpose of this chapter is to protect the public potable water supply of the city from the possibility of contamination or pollution by isolating within the customer's internal distribution system(s) or the consumer's private water system(s) such contaminants or pollutants which could backflow into the public water systems; and
B. 
To promote the elimination or control of existing cross-connections, actual or potential, between the consumer's in-plant potable water system(s) and nonpotable water system(s), plumbing fixtures and industrial piping systems; and
C. 
To provide for the maintenance of a continuing program of cross-connection control which will systematically and effectively prevent the contamination or pollution of all potable water systems.
(Ord. 1406 § 1(part), 1990)
The director of public works shall be responsible for the protection of the public potable water distribution system from contamination or pollution due to the backflow of contaminants or pollutants through the water service connection. If, in the judgment of the director of public works or his designated agent an approved backflow prevention assembly is required, at the city's water service connection to any customer's premises, for the safety of the water system, the director of public works or his designated agent shall give notice in writing to the customer to install such an approved backflow prevention assembly(ies) at specific location(s) on his premises. The customer shall immediately install such approved assembly(ies) at the customer's own expense; and, failure, refusal or inability on the part of the customer to install, have tested and maintain the assembly(ies) shall constitute a ground for city installation of such assembly(ies) at the customer's own expense, or for discontinuing water service to the premises until such requirements have been satisfactorily met.
(Ord. 1406 § 1(part), 1990; Ord. 1583 § 1, 1997)
For the purpose of this chapter, the words set out in this section shall have the following meanings:
A. 
Director of Public Works or his Designated Agent. The director of public works or his designated agent in charge of the cross-connection program of the city is invested with the authority and responsibility for the implementation of an effective cross-connection control program and for the enforcement of the provisions of this chapter.
B. 
"Approved"
means accepted by the director of public works as meeting an applicable specification stated or cited in this chapter, or as suitable for the proposed use.
C. 
Auxiliary Water Supply.
Any water supply on or available to the premises other than the purveyor's approved public water supply will be considered as an auxiliary water supply. These auxiliary waters may include water from another purveyor's public potable water supply or any natural source(s) such as a well, spring, river, stream, harbor, etc., or "used waters" or "industrial fluids." These waters may be contaminated or polluted or they may be objectionable and constitute an unacceptable water source over which the water purveyor does not have sanitary control.
D. 
"Backflow"
means the reversal of the normal flow of water caused by either backpressure or backsiphonage.
E. 
"Backflow preventer"
means an assembly or means designed to prevent backflow.
1. 
"Air-gap"
means the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet supplying water to a tank, plumbing fixture, or other device and the flood level rim of the vessel. An approved air-gap shall be at least double the diameter of the supply pipe, measured vertically, above the overflow rim of the vessel; and in no case less than one inch.
2. 
"Reduced pressure principle assembly"
means an assembly of two independently acting approved check valves together with a hydraulically operating, mechanically in- dependent differential pressure relief valve located be-tween the check valves and at the same time below the first check valve. The unit shall include properly located test cocks and tightly closing shut-off valves at each end of the assembly. The entire assembly shall meet the design and performance specifications as determined by a laboratory and a field evaluation program resulting in an approval by a recognized and city approved testing agency for backflow prevention assemblies. The assembly shall operate to maintain the pressure in the zone between the two check valves at an acceptable level less than the pressure on the public water supply side of the assembly. At cessation of a normal flow the pressure between the two check valves shall be less than the pressure on the public water supply side of the device. In case of leakage of either of the check valves the differential relief valve shall operate to maintain the reduced pressure in the zone between the check valves by discharging to the atmosphere. When the inlet pressure is two pounds per square inch or less, the relief valve shall open to the atmosphere. To be approved these assemblies must be readily accessible for in-line testing and maintenance and be installed in location where no part of the assembly will be submerged.
3. 
"Double check valve assembly"
means an assembly of two independently operating approved check valves with tightly closing shut-off valves on each end of the check valves, plus properly located test cocks for the testing of each check valve. The entire assembly shall meet the design and performance specifications as determined by a laboratory and field evaluation program resulting in an approval by recognized and city approved testing agency for backflow prevention assemblies. To be approved these assemblies must be readily accessible for in-line testing and maintenance.
F. 
"Backpressure"
means the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances under pressure into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply system from any source or sources other than the intended source.
G. 
"Backsiphonage"
means the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distribution pipes of a potable water supply from any source other than its intended source caused by the reduction of pressure in the potable water supply system.
H. 
"Contamination"
means an impairment of the quality of the potable water by sewage, industrial fluids or waste liquids, compounds or other materials to a degree which creates an actual or potential hazard to the public health through poisoning or through the spread of disease.
I. 
"Cross-connection"
means any physical connection or arrangement of piping or fixtures between two otherwise separate piping systems one of which contains potable water and the other nonpotable or industrial fluids of questionable safety, through which, or because of which, backflow may occur into the potable water system. This would include any temporary connections, such as swing connections, removable sections, four-way plug valves, spools, dummy section of pipe, swivel or change-over devices or sliding multiport tube.
J. 
"Cross-connection control by containment"
means the installation of an approved backflow prevention assembly at the water service connection to any customer's premises where it is physically and economically infeasible to find and permanently eliminate or control all actual or potential cross-connections within the customer's water system.
K. 
Cross-connections – Controlled. "Controlled cross-connections" means a connection between a potable water system and a nonpotable water system with an approved back-flow prevention assembly properly installed and maintained so that it will continuously afford the protection commensurate with the degree of hazard.
L. 
Hazard, Degree of.
The term is derived from an evaluation of the potential risk to public health and the adverse effect of the hazard upon the potable water system.
1. 
Hazard, Health.
"Health hazard" means any condition, device, or practice in the water supply system and its operation which could create, or in the judgment of the director of public works or his designated agent, may create a danger to the health and well-being of the water consumer.
2. 
Hazard, Plumbing.
"Plumbing hazard" means a plumbing type cross-connection in a consumer's potable water system that has not been properly protected by an approved air-gap or approved backflow prevention assembly.
3. 
Hazard, Pollutional.
"Pollutional hazard" means an actual or potential threat to the physical properties or to the potability of the public or the consumer's potable water system but which would constitute a nuisance or be aesthetically objectionable or could cause damage to the system or its appurtenances, but would not be dangerous to health.
4. 
Hazard, System.
"System hazard" means an actual or potential threat of severe damage to the physical properties of the public potable water system or the consumer's potable water system or of a pollution or contamination which would have a protracted effect on the quality of the potable water in the system.
M. 
"Industrial fluids system"
means any system containing a fluid or solution which may be chemically, biologically or otherwise contaminated or polluted in a form or concentration such as would constitute a health, system, pollution or plumbing hazard if introduced into an approved water supply. This may include, but not be limited to: polluted or contaminated waters; all types of process waters and "used waters" originating from the public potable water system which may have deteriorated in sanitary quality; chemicals in fluid form; plating acids and alkaline, circulating cooling waters connected to an open cooling tower and/or cooling towers that are chemically or biologically treated or stabilized with toxic substances; contaminated natural waters such as from well, springs, streams, rivers, bays, harbors, seas, irrigation canals or systems, etc., oils, gases, glycerine, paraffins, caustic and acid solutions and other liquid and gaseous fluids used in industrial or other purposes or for fire-fighting purposes.
N. 
"Pollution"
means the presence of any foreign substance (organic, inorganic, or biological) in water which tends to degrade its quality so as to constitute a hazard or impair the usefulness or quality of the water to a degree which does not create an actual hazard to the public health but which does adversely and unreasonably affect such waters for domestic use.
O. 
Water, Nonpotable.
"Nonpotable water" means water which is not safe for human consumption or which is of questionable potability.
P. 
Water, Potable.
"Potable water" means any water which, according to recognized standards, is safe for human consumption.
Q. 
Water – Service Connection.
The terminal end of a service connection from the public potable water system; i.e., where the water purveyor loses jurisdiction and sanitary control over the water at its point of delivery to the customer's water system. If a meter is installed at the end of the service connection, then the service connection shall mean the downstream end of the meter. There should be no unprotected takeoffs from the service line ahead of any meter or any backflow prevention assembly located at the point of delivery to the customer's water system. Service connection shall also include water service connection from a fire hydrant and all other temporary or emergency water service connections from the public potable water system.
R. 
Water – Used.
Any water supplied by a water purveyor from a public potable water system to a customer's water system after it has passed through the point of delivery and is no longer under the sanitary control of the water purveyor.
(Ord. 1406 § 1(part), 1990)
A. 
Water System.
1. 
The water system shall be considered as made up of two parts: The city system and the customer system.
2. 
The city system shall consist of the source facilities and the distribution system; and shall include all those facilities of the water system under the complete control of the city, from the source of supply up to the point where the customer's system begins. The source shall include all components of the facilities utilized in the production, treatment, storage, and delivery of water to the distribution system.
3. 
The distribution system shall include the network of conduits used for the delivery of water from the source to the customer's system.
4. 
The customer's system shall include those parts of the facilities beyond the termination of the utility distribution system which are utilized in conveying utility-delivered domestic water to points of use.
B. 
Policy.
1. 
No water service connection to any premises shall be installed or maintained by the water purveyor unless the water supply is protected as required by state laws and regulations and this cross-connection control chapter. Service of water to any premises shall be discontinued by the water purveyor if a backflow prevention assembly required by this cross-connection control chapter is not installed, tested and maintained, or if it is found that a backflow prevention assembly has been removed, bypassed, or if an unprotected cross-connection exists on the premises. Service will not be restored until such conditions or defects are corrected.
2. 
The customer's system should be open to inspection at all reasonable times to authorized representatives of the director of public works to determine whether cross-connections or other structural or sanitary hazards, including violations of these regulations exist. When such a condition becomes known, the director of public works or his designated agent shall deny or immediately discontinue service to the premises by providing for a physical break in the service line until the customer has corrected the condition(s) in conformance with the state and city statutes relating to plumbing and water supplies and the regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
3. 
An approved backflow prevention assembly shall also be installed on each service line to a customer's water system at or near the property line or, if approved by the director, immediately inside the building being served; but, in all cases, before the first branch line leading off the sewer line wherever the following conditions exist:
a. 
In the case of premises having an auxiliary water supply which is not or may not be of safe bacteriological or chemical quality and which is not acceptable as an additional source by the state health agency having jurisdiction, the public water system shall be protected against backflow from the premises by installing an approved backflow prevention assembly in the service line appropriate to the degree of hazard.
b. 
In the case of premises on which any industrial fluids or any other objectionable substance is handled in such a fashion as to create an actual or potential hazard to the public water system, the public system shall be protected against backflow from the premises by installing an approved backflow prevention assembly in the service line appropriate to the degree of hazard. This shall include the handling of process waters and waters originating from the utility system which have been subject to deterioration in quality.
c. 
In the case of premises having (1) internal cross-connection that cannot be permanently corrected or controlled, or (2) intricate plumbing and piping arrangements or where entry to all portions of the premises is not readily accessible for inspection purposes, making it impracticable or impossible to ascertain whether or not dangerous cross-connections exist, the public water system shall be protected against backflow from the premises by installing an approved backflow prevention assembly in the service line.
4. 
The type of protective assembly required under subsections (B)(3)(a), (b) and (c) of this section shall depend upon the degree of hazard which exists as follows:
a. 
In the case of any premises where there is an auxiliary water supply as stated in subsection (B)(3)(a) of this section and is not subject to any of the following rules, the public water system shall be protected by an approved air-gap separation or an approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly.
b. 
In the case of any premises where there is water or substance that would be objectionable but not hazardous to health, if introduced into the public water system, the public water system shall be protected by an approved double check valve assembly.
c. 
In the case of any premises where there is any material dangerous to health which is handled in such a fashion as to create an actual or potential hazard to the public water system, the public water system shall be protected by an approved air-gap separation or an approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly. Examples of premises where these conditions will exist include sewage treatment plants, sewage pumping stations, chemical manufacturing plants, hospitals, mortuaries and plating plants.
d. 
In the case of any premises where there are "uncontrolled" cross-connections, either actual or potential, the public water system will be protected by an approved air-gap separation or an approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly at the service connection.
e. 
In the case of any premises where, because of security requirements or other prohibitions or restrictions, it is impossible or impractical to make a complete in-plant cross-connection survey, the public water system shall be protected against backflow from the premises by either an approved air-gap separation or an approved reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly on each service to the premises.
f. 
The following is a list of the recommended minimum types of backflow protection devices required to protect the approved water supply at the users connection. Each situation, whether covered on the list or not, shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and the appropriate backflow protection device shall be determined by the director of public works or his designated agent.
1. Air conditioning plants (commercial A.C. equipment)
RPP
2. Animal clinics, animal grooming shops and boarding
RPP
3. Apartment or office complex with pond, lake or fountain
RPP
4. Apartments with laundromats/laundry rooms
DCV
5. Auto or manual irrigation system (separate from domestic)
DCV
6. Auto repair w/steam cleaner, acid cleaning or solvent equipment
RPP
7. Auxiliary water system not interconnected
DCV
8. Auxiliary water system or sources inter connected (well, canal)
RPP
9. Bakeries
RPP
10. Barbershops, beauty shops or salons
DCV, RPP
11. Bars or cocktail lounges
DCV, RPP
12. Bottling plants – Beverage or chemical
RPP
13. Buildings 3 stories or higher
RPP
14. Buildings with booster pumps, boilers, and cooling towers
RPP
15. Building with sewage ejectors
AG
16. Buildings where specific activity cannot be ascertained
RPP
17. Canneries, packing houses or reduction plants
RPP
18. Car washes
RPP
19. Chemical processing or storage facilities
RPP
20. Chemically treated (nonpotable) water systems
RPP
21. Chemically treated (potable) water systems
DCV
22. Churches with baptismal pools
RPP
23. Civil works exempt from city of Vacaville inspection
RPP
24. Cleaning and dye plants
RPP
25. Cold storage and ice manufacturing plants
RPP
26. Commercial meat cutting, packaging and cold storage lockers
RPP
27. Concrete plant
CV
28. Convalescent homes and clinics
DCV, RPP
29. Convenience markets
DCV, RPP
30. Dairies
DCV
31. Dental offices
RPP
32. Dialysis clinics, experimental labs
RPP
33. Fabricating plants (plastics and fiberglass)
RPP
34. Fire Protection Systems Class 1 and 2
DDC
35. Fire Protection Systems Class 3
DDC
36. Fire Protection.Systems Class 4
RPP, DDC
37. Fire Protection Systems Class 5
RPP
38. Fire Protection Systems 6 (determined by dir. and fire chief)
39. Food processing facilities using nontoxic materials
DCV
40. Food processing facilities using toxic materials
RRP
41. Frozen food processing plant
RPP
42. Garden centers and nurseries
RPP
43. Gas station stations
DCV
44. Health spas
RPP
45. Hospitals
RPP
46. Laboratories
RPP
47. Landscaping with elevated areas or with drip irrigation
RPP
48. Laundries commercial
RPP
49. Laundromats
RPP
50. Machine shops
RPP
51. Manufacturing, processing and fabrication facilities nontoxic
DCV
52. Manufacturing, processing and fabrication facilities toxic
RPP
53. Medical offices
RPP
54. Metal stripping facilities
RPP
55. Mobile home parks
DCV
56. Mobile services (pest control, drain cleaning, steam and rug clean)
RPP
57. Mortuaries and morgues
RPP
58. Offices or shopping centers with uncommitted lease spaces
RPP
59. Oil and gas bulk or production facilities
DCV
60. Painting shops using water in any process
RPP
61. Paper processing and production facilities
RPP
62. Pest control business
RPP
63. Photography studios with processing equipment
RPP
64. Plating works
RPP
65. Portable insecticide and herbicide spray tank (from hydrants)
DCV, AG
66. Radiator shops – repair or backflushing
RPP
67. Reduction and rendering meat processing plants
RPP
68. Rest homes ground floor only
DCV
69. Rest homes multistory
RPP
70. Restaurants/bldgs, with comm. kitchen (100 deg. water, dishwasher)
RPP
71. Schools w/kitchens, chemistry labs, boilers and irrigation systems
RPP
72. Sewage and storm water pumping facilities
RPP, AG
73. Swimming pools
RPP
74. Tank trucks filling from fire hydrants
DCV, AG
75. Temporary construction water
DCV
g. 
Application to Install Backflow Prevention Assemblies. Prior to the installation of any backflow prevention assembly between the public water system and the owner's facility, the owner or contractor shall make application and receive approval from the director of public works or his designated agent. Application forms are available from the public works department.
h. 
All backflow prevention assemblies shall be tested immediately after they are installed, relocated or repaired and placed in service.
5. 
Any backflow prevention assembly required herein shall be a model and size approved by the director of public works or his designated agent. The term "approved backflow prevention assembly" shall mean an assembly that has been manufactured in full conformance with the standards established by the American Water Works Association entitled:
AWWA C506-84 Standards for Reduced Pressure Principle and Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention Devices; and, have met completely the laboratory and field performance specifications of the Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research of the University of Southern California established by:
Specifications of Backflow Prevention Assemblies Section 10 of the most current issue of the MANUAL OF CROSSCONNECTION CONTROL.
Said AWWA and FCCC and HR standards and specifications have been adopted by the director of public works. Final approval shall be evidenced by a "Certificate of Approval" issued by an approved testing laboratory certifying full compliance with the said AWWA standards and FCCC and HR specifications.
The following testing laboratory has been qualified by the director of public works to test and certify backflow preventers:
Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research
University of Southern California
University Park
Los Angeles, California 90089-0231
Testing laboratories other than the laboratory listed above will be added to an approved list as they are qualified by the director of public works.
Backflow preventers which may be subjected to backpressure or backsiphonage that have been fully tested and have been granted a certificate of approval by said qualified laboratory and are listed on the laboratory's current list of "approved backflow prevention assemblies" may be used without further test or qualification.
6. 
It shall be the duty of the city at any premises where backflow prevention assemblies are installed to have certified inspections and operational tests made at least once per year. In those instances where the director of public works or his designated agent deems the hazard to be great enough he may require certified inspections at more frequent intervals. These inspections and tests shall be at the expense of the water user and shall be performed by the city maintenance division personnel. It shall be the duty of the director of public works or his designated agent to see that these tests are made in a timely manner. The customer/user shall be notified by the director of public works or his designated agent in advance when the tests are to be undertaken so that customer representative may witness the tests if so desired. These assemblies shall be repaired, overhauled or replaced at the expense of the customer/user through its monthly fees whenever said assemblies are found to be defective. Records of such tests, repairs and overhaul shall be kept by the director of public works or his designated agent.
7. 
All presently installed backflow prevention assemblies which do not meet the requirements of this section but were approved devices for the purposes described herein at the time of installation and which have been properly maintained, shall, except for the inspection and maintenance requirements under subsection (B)(6) of this section, be excluded from the requirements of these rules so long as the director of public works or his designated agent is assured that they will satisfactorily protect the water system. Existing assemblies that are determined not to be satisfactory, shall be replaced by an approved backflow prevention assembly meeting the requirements of this section at the expense of the customer/user.
(Ord. 1406 § 1(part), 1990)
The customer/user shall pay to the city the fee specified by council resolution for the testing and perpetual repairs of all backflow prevention devices made under the terms of this chapter. The inspecting official shall have the discretion to waive or reduce fees in the event that unusual circumstances, not the fault of the user or owner, necessitate repeated inspection.
(Ord. 1406 § 1(part), 1990)
A. 
All billing charges for installation of any backflow prevention assembly(ies) by the city or its designated agent(s) pursuant to this chapter shall be made by the city; all charges shall become delinquent sixty days after the billing date.
B. 
If the bill remains unpaid after the date of delinquency, the city shall be entitled to a delinquency fee. However, the delinquency fee shall not be assessed until fifteen days after notification of the delinquency to the property owner and the recipient of service. Delinquency fees shall be set by the city council by resolution.
C. 
Should the bill remain unpaid at the expiration of the fifteen days, the director of public works may initiate proceedings pursuant to Government Code Sections 54354, 54354.5 and 54355, to create a lien on the real property on which the backflow prevention assemblies were installed.
D. 
The lien will be officially recorded in the county recorder's office. The lien may carry such additional administrative charges as set forth by city council resolution. The property owner shall be notified by the director of public works that the delinquency charges and administrative charges are due the city and that such lien has been recorded.
(Ord. 1583 § 2, 1997)