Town of Canton, CT Article VII Basic Standards

I I IntroductionII II DefinitionsIII III Residential (R) DistrictsIV IV Business and Industrial DistrictsV V Design DistrictsVI VI Other DistrictsVII VII Basic StandardsVIII VIII Special RegulationsIX IX ProceduresX X General ProvisionsXI XI AdministrationXII XII Regulating PlansXIII XIII Building Form StandardsXIV XIV Urban Space StandardsXV XV Architectural StandardsXVI XVI Parking and Loading StandardsXVII XVII Building FunctionXVIII XVIII Village District StandardsXIX XIX DefinitionsXX XX Appendix : Regulating Plans

§ 470-701 Landscaping.

A. Purpose. The purpose of these landscaping regulations is to:

(1) Enhance property values;

(2) Help minimize soil erosion;

(3) Conserve energy by-the provision of shade trees over streets, sidewalks, parking areas and other paving, and to promote aesthetic quality;

(4) Improve the quality of the environment;

(5) Provide landscaping in parking areas to improve lot appearance and safety, intercept and manage stormwater runoff, and to encourage the natural infiltration of rainwater;

(6) Encourage the retention of existing vegetation;

(7) Minimize impacts of noise, light and glare;

(8) Increase the compatibility between different intensities of land uses by providing visual barriers;

(9) Interrupt open and expansive paved parking lots; and

(10) Contribute to the aesthetic appearance, image and appeal of the Town.

B. Applicability.

(1) This section of the regulations shall apply whenever any proposed building, structure, or development activity requires the submission of a site plan application or a special permit application within Business and Industrial Districts, and the development of residential lots adjacent to Business and Industrial Districts and design districts. This section shall also apply to residential properties expanding legally nonconforming nonresidential uses or buildings.

(2) These provisions shall not apply to the development of lots within the Collinsville Business Overlay, or construction or development of a single-family dwelling not adjacent to Business and Industrial Districts and design districts (unless part of a development of multiple dwelling units).

(3) Where a design district has established specific landscaping standards, those standards shall govern.

C. Overall landscaping standards.

(1) All portions of a lot not required for buildings, structures, parking, driveways, or sidewalks shall be landscaped with lawn, ground cover, trees, evergreen shrubs, gardens or other appropriate plantings. This requirement is in addition to all other planting requirements of these regulations. Bark, stone or wood mulch is not permitted as the predominant ground cover.

(2) The landscape shall be preserved in its natural state insofar as practical by minimizing tree and soil removal, preserving large existing trees whenever practical, keeping any grade changes in harmony with the general appearance of neighboring developed areas, and retaining stone walls and other unique lot features.

(3) Where existing large trees or other vegetation are removed prior to the filing of a zoning application, the Commission may require the planting of the largest commercially available trees or shrubs to replace them.

(4) Existing healthy, mature trees and vegetation expected to survive may be credited by the Commission towards the requirements of these regulations.

(5) Such plan shall be prepared to show the preservation of such existing vegetation in its natural state, insofar as practical, and such plan shall be made a part of any site landscaping plan.

(6) Landscaping materials selected for use shall be acceptable to the Commission.

(7) Use of invasive species is prohibited.

(8) Stone mulch shall not be used within five feet of pavement or sidewalks to avoid tripping hazards and stones being thrown by tires.

(9) Landscaped areas within five feet of pavement shall be designed to be salt tolerant and capable of surviving heavy loads of snow.

(10) Grass berm slopes shall not exceed 25% to facilitate mowing while berms planted with ground cover and shrubs shall not exceed slopes of 50%.

(11) No landscaped area shall be used for the sale, storage, or display of goods unless approved by the Commission under § 470-710, Outdoor display areas.

D. Perimeter landscaping standards in Business and Industrial Districts.

(1) Front yard. There shall be a landscaped area at least 10 feet in width along the perimeter of the front yard, including utility easements but exclusive of sidewalks, and entrance drives except where modified by a majority vote of the Commission where it is found that:

(a) There is existing vegetation that meets the intent of this regulation; or

(b) Such landscape area cannot reasonably be accommodated due to unique conditions attributable to the site (i.e., existing bedrock outcrops, limitations to sight line visibility, etc.).

(2) Side and rear yard. Along the perimeter of the side and rear yards there shall be a landscaped area at least five feet in width except:

(a) In areas providing access to parking areas shared with adjacent lot; or

(b) Where it is found by the Commission that there is existing vegetation that meets the intent of this regulation.

(3) Planting bed requirements:

(a) The landscaped area referenced to in § 470-701D(1) and (2) above shall contain at least one shade tree for each 40 feet or fraction thereof, of the corresponding lot line.

(b) The landscape area referenced in § 470-701D(2) above shall contain one understory tree for each 40 feet of length of side or rear lot line, or fraction thereof, and one shrub shall be planted for each 20 feet of side or rear lot line, or fraction thereof.

(4) Residential buffers.

(a) New development, including buildings, uses and including vehicular areas, shall provide a landscape buffer along the lot line abutting lots in a residential district through the use of berms, walls, fencing, landscaping or existing vegetation of such type, height, spacing and arrangement which, in the judgment of the Commission, shall:

[1] Effectively screen the activity on the subject lot from such residential lots; and

[2] Provide protection from noise, headlight glare and visual intrusion to dwellings and residential yards.

(b) Unless modified by the Commission, multiple-dwelling uses, including vehicular areas, shall provide a landscape buffer along each lot line.

(c) New residential development shall provide a landscape buffer along the lot line abutting land used for nonresidential purposes or abutting lots located in a business and industrial district or design district.

(d) The depth of the landscape buffer and density of plant materials shall be determined by the Commission based on the nature of the surrounding uses and using the following diagrams as a guide (Table 470-701D).

(e) Where circumstance warrant, the Commission may reduce the buffer width and/or planting requirements due to existing vegetation or other factors, or may increase the planting requirements.

Table 470-701D Potential Landscaped Buffer Configurations
Buffer Yard A - 15-Foot Depth
	20 evergreen trees
Buffer Yard B - 25-Foot Depth
	5 shade trees
	10 understory trees
	15 shrubs
Buffer Yard C - 45-Foot Depth
	3 shade trees
	6 understory trees
	9 shrubs
Buffer Yard D - 25-Foot Depth
	16 evergreen trees
	6-foot solid screen fence
	4-foot-high berm (grass cover or mulch)

E. Parking area landscaping standards.

(1) At least 10% of the parking lot area shall be landscaped through the use of landscaped islands within the parking lot.

(2) Shade trees.

(a) At least one shade tree shall be provided within the parking lot for every 10 parking spaces.

(b) Such trees shall be located in landscaped islands and staked with two three-inch diameter stakes and protected by curbing against damage by vehicles.

(3) A minimum planting area, equivalent to 150 square feet per tree shall be provided.

(4) Parking areas shall have a landscaped island at each end of each row of parking spaces and an intermediate island for every 15 parking spaces. The Commission may require more landscaped area based on the size of the parking lot.

(5) Landscaped islands shall be not less than eight feet wide in the direction parallel to the row and not less than 18 feet long in the direction perpendicular to the row.

(6) Landscape islands shall have a suitable curb of stone, poured-in-place or pre-cast concrete, and shall be planted with grass or ground cover, or have pedestrian pavers where approved by the Commission, unless part of a drainage system.

(7) Landscaping around the edges of stormwater basins may be planted with a mix of shrubs and wild-flowers, or other plantings that encourages use by wildlife but deters Canada geese that prefer grassy edges, and reduces maintenance burdens.

Diagram § 470-701E(1) - Typical Parking Lot Island

Diagram 470-701E(2) - Alternative Parking Lot Island

(8) A landscaped buffer strip having a minimum width of 15 feet shall separate all buildings from parking lots and driveways except at loading docks, building entrances and along pedestrian arcades. This buffer strip may contain pedestrian walkways and a combination of at least three of the following: trees, shrubs, grass or other landscape material.

(9) Unless modified by the Commission, a landscaped strip shall be provided along any access driveway to or from the street to separate parking spaces and access aisles from entering and exiting traffic. Such landscaped strip shall be of sufficient width to ensure that no parked automobile overhangs into the access driveway. [See Diagram 702D(3)]

(10) Trees located within parking lots shall have a clear trunk height of at least six feet and shrubs shall be kept trimmed so as not to impede the vision of pedestrians and motorists.

F. Minimum landscaping standards.

(1) Where trees are required, they shall be deciduous shade trees at least three inches to 3.5 inches in caliper at planting with a mature height of at least 35 feet.

(a) Trees that will attain a height at maturity greater than 50 feet shall be planted no closer than 30 feet on center.

(b) Tree variety is required, five different species shall be planted on any site except when modified by the Commission where it is found that:

[1] Existing vegetation is being used to meet a portion of the landscaping requirement which by its origin is not able to meet this requirement;

[2] The proposed landscaping plan uses uniformity of species in a manner which promotes an artistic and aesthetic landscape.

(2) Where understory trees are used, they shall be deciduous shade or fruit trees at least two inches in caliper at planting with a mature height of at least 12 feet.

(3) Where evergreens are used, they shall be at least six feet in height at planting.

(4) The following plants are not be allowed within, or adjacent to, a municipal or state right-of-way, or as part of any site development plan:

(a) Weeping Willow;

(b) Norway Maple;

(c) Silver Maple;

(d) White Pine;

(e) Red Pine;

(f) Bradford Pear; or

(g) Ginko - female.

(5) The Tree Warden shall be consulted regarding tree species that are located in or adjacent to any municipal right-of-way and shall issue a report to the Commission. The Commission may modify the landscaping plan in consideration of Tree Warden's report.

G. Completion bonding and maintenance.

(1) Landscaping plants required by these regulations shall be planted and maintained in a healthy, growing condition according to accepted local customary horticultural practices.

(2) All landscaping shall be maintained in accordance with the approved plan.

(3) Any dead, missing, or other landscaping which is in a condition that does not fulfill the intent of these regulations shall be replaced by the lot owner in accordance with the approved plans as soon as weather permits (taking into considering the planting season for the particular plant material).

(4) Any screening fence, wall, or curbing required by these regulations shall be maintained in good condition by the lot owner.

(5) The Commission or the Zoning Enforcement Officer, as a condition of approval, may require that a performance bond, in a form and an amount acceptable to the Commission or Zoning Enforcement Officer (in consultation with the Commission's engineer), be provided to insure the faithful performance of the landscaping work to be undertaken.

(6) The Commission may require the design landscape architect to certify that all landscaping has been installed in accordance with the approved plans.

(7) When existing trees and vegetation within the site are used to meet the requirements of this section:

(a) The existing landscape shall be surveyed, trees and natural growth to be preserved shall be identified and marked, and a plan to preserve identified vegetation in its natural state insofar as practical shall be developed and made a part of the site landscaping plan;

(b) Clearing limits shall be staked in the field prior to any clearing and/or excavation;

(c) Particular care shall be used to observe and respect these clearing limits during all phases of development;

(d) Existing large trees that are proposed to remain shall be identified and shall have suitable fencing installed at their drip lines to designate areas in which cutting and filling are prohibited and to help minimize soil compaction from construction equipment in their general location; and

(e) Any tree marked for preservation which is removed, or damaged beyond satisfactory repair by action or inaction of the owner, as determined by a professional arborist required by the Commission, shall be replaced with sufficient trees of the same or similar species as approved by the ZEO so that the combined caliper measurements of the replacement trees shall exceed the caliper measurements of the tree that was removed or damaged;

(8) All trees shall be staked for one year from the date of installation. Stakes shall be removed at the completion of one year.

(9) All trees and shrubs shall have a minimum of two inches and a maximum of four inches of mulch placed around the base of the planting area and shall not touch the bark.

H. Modification of requirements.

(1) The Commission may allow these standards to be modified in special circumstances where other adequate landscape treatment is provided.

(2) During construction, the Zoning Enforcement Officer may allow field substitutions of plant material provided the original intent of the approved landscape plan is maintained upon consultation with a professional landscape architect.

§ 470-702 Parking and loading.

[Amended 11-19-2025]

A. Purpose. The purposes of this section is to:

(1) Ensure that off-street parking, loading, and access demands associated with new development will be met without adversely affecting other nearby land uses and surrounding neighborhoods;

(2) Minimize the impact of stormwater from impervious surfaces that result from off street parking and loading; and

(3) Support and promote safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle movements within and adjacent to the lot being developed.

B. Applicability.

(1) This section of the regulations shall apply whenever any proposed structure or development activity requires the submission of a site plan application or a special permit application.

(2) Where a design district has established specific parking standards, those standards shall govern.

(3) These provisions shall not apply to a change in use to development lots within the Collinsville Business Overlay District, except as regulated under § 470-601G(4).

(4) The change of any use to a use requiring more spaces than is already provided shall comply with the requirements of such additional spaces as required by this section.

(5) Farm exemption. The provisions of this section do not apply to vehicles, trailers, or construction equipment used on a farm as defined in these regulations.

(6) Parking garages. Parking garages and decks are authorized subject to conformance with all other applicable regulations.

(7) Any new site plan and/or development project for a business or residential use with thirty or more designated parking spaces (as calculated by § 470-702, Parking and loading) to include electric vehicle charging infrastructure that is capable of supporting level two electric vehicle charging stations or direct current fast charging stations in at least ten per cent of such parking spaces. Infrastructure includes, but may not be limited to, improvements such as underground conduit, pad identification and installation, and electric service upgrades. This section shall not be interpreted to require full electric vehicle charging stations, only infrastructure. Notwithstanding the above, all conditions and exemptions found in CGS § 4b77(c) shall apply.

(8) Fully installed and complete Electric Charging Station (EVCS) shall be permitted as an accessory use. EVCS spaces shall be counted towards the minimum parking requirements set forth in § 470-702, Parking and loading.

C. Number of parking spaces.

(1) Location. Off-street parking spaces shall be provided and permanently maintained on either:

(a) The same lot for which such parking is provided; or

(b) On other lot within a radius of not more than 300 feet from the main entrance of the main building on the lot to which it is appurtenant.

(2) Number. The standard number of parking spaces for a site shall be determined using one of the following two methods:

(a) As derived from Table 470-702C.

(b) By the Commission after considering the findings and recommendations of a report prepared by a professional engineer or professional landscape architect that shall address the following:

[1] Scope and type of uses or activities on the site;

[2] Expected peak traffic, parking generation/loads, and rate of parking turnover;

[3] Standard industry practices; and justification for recommended parking to be supplied. Such study may include, as applicable, and in addition to other relevant information, the following for substantiation of findings:

[a] Documented relevant experience;

[b] Findings of relevant, credible studies or reports;

[c] Effects of available shared or on-street parking;

[d] Effects of relevant uses with typical peak parking demands at different times of day; and

[e] Standard industry practices.

(3) The number of provided parking spaces allowed for a site shall be the standard number derived from Subsection C(2) above plus or minus 15%, rounded towards said standard number; except that where said standard number is less than seven spaces, then the allowable number of spaces shall be the standard number plus or minus one space, and a minimum of two spaces must be provided for any permitted site.

(4) Where the standard number of parking spaces is determined using method (b.) from (2.) above and the determined standard number of parking spaces is greater than 15, then:

(a) Within a design village district, the subject application shall be processed as a Type II application as set forth in the Design Village Districts Form Based Code; or

(b) Otherwise, a special permit for the allowable parking shall be required.

Table 470-702C Parking Space Requirements [Amended 12-21-2022]
Use	Parking Requirement
Dwellings In Collinsville*	1 space per dwelling unit
Dwellings (all other districts)	1 space per studio or 1 bedroom dwelling unit/2 spaces per 2 bedroom or larger dwelling unit
Bed-and-breakfast	1 space for each guest sleeping room
Theaters/place of public assembly/churches	1 space for every 4 seats in portion of building used for services or assembly (calculated based on the maximum occupancy set by the Fire Marshal)
Retail stores	1 space for every 300 square feet of retail floor area
Offices	1 space for every 500 square feet of gross floor area
Industrial building/warehouse	1 space for every 2,000 square feet 2 employees
Basement storage or utility areas	0 parking spaces
Day care (Ex. family day care)	1 space per 4 children at maximum capacity
Personal service use	6 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of gross floor area
Automobile sales and repair	3 per service bay and 1 for every 2 employees
Veterinary hospitals	2 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of gross floor area
Motels/hotels	1 per guest room plus 1 for every 2 employees plus additional spaces as required for accessory uses
Recreation and amusement uses/health clubs/gyms	1 for every 4 seats or 5 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area, as determined by the Commission
Nursing home	1 space for every 10,000 square feet of gross floor area
Self-storage	1 space for every 10,000 square feet of gross floor area
Home-based business, minor or major	2 per dwelling unit plus 1 per nonresident employee
Class I restaurant	10 per 1,000 square feet of gross floor area
Class II and Class III restaurants	1 per every 4 seats plus an additional 10 per every 1,000 of square feet of gross floor area. The additional 10 spaces per 1,000 square feet requirement may be temporarily or permanently deferred in whole or in part by the Commission upon a finding that additional parking is not needed. (calculated based on the maximum occupancy set by the Fire Marshal)
Other uses	Sufficient off-street parking spaces to accommodate the automobiles of all employees, customers, patrons, visitors and other persons reasonably anticipated to be on the premises at any one time

NOTES:
*	R-1, Collinsville Business Overlay District and Collinsville Design Village District

(5) Fractional calculations. When the computation of required parking spaces results in a fraction of a space the required number of spaces shall be decreased to the next whole number.

(6) Parking shared between properties. The owners of two or more separate properties may establish a joint parking area to provide the total number of required parking spaces, provided that perpetual easements allowing shared parking and ingress and egress are approved by the Town Attorney and filed in the Canton land records.

(7) Dedicated parking.

(a) No area shall be credited as a parking space which is in any part credited or used as a loading space or travel way.

(b) No parking space shall be used for the sale, storage, or display of goods unless approved by the Commission under § 470-710, Outdoor display areas.

(8) Multiple uses. Except as may be provided in these regulations, the required number of parking spaces for a building or lot containing multiple uses or shared parking arrangements shall be determined by adding the required parking spaces for each use.

(9) Potential permanent reduction. The Commission may reduce the cumulative number of required parking spaces within a development or adjacent properties containing more than one use provided the Commission finds one or more of the following:

(a) Differences in peak parking demands among uses result in a lower net peak parking demand;

(b) Synergistic relationships among uses allow patrons to park once while accessing multiple locations or allow for multiple purpose trips to occur within the development;

(c) The development is likely to generate bus, bicycle or pedestrian trips and accommodations have been made to support these alternative forms of transportation; and

(d) Support and promote safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle movements within and adjacent to the lot being developed.

(10) Potential deferral of installation. The foregoing parking requirements may be modified by the Zoning Commission only after a finding that the parking spaces shown on the site development plan conform to the parking requirements, but the complete installation of all spaces is not required immediately. If the Commission makes such a finding, construction of such parking spaces may be deferred, provided that the stormwater management system is designed to handle the deferred parking pavement. The stormwater management system for the deferred parking areas shall be installed at the time of initial lot development. The Commission may require the full installation of required parking if the installed parking is not sufficient.

D. Parking area design standards.

(1) Configuration. Parking stalls and driveways shall be of appropriate shape, vertical clearance, access and slope to accommodate one automobile and shall conform to the following standards.

(a) Spaces for Nonhandicapped persons:

Table 470-702D Parking Area Dimensions
A.	Parking angle	0°	30°	45°	60°	90°
B.	Curb length (feet)	23	16 feet 6 inches	12 feet 9 inches	10 feet 5 inches	9
C.	Stall depth (feet)	9	18	19	19	18
D.	Driveway width: one-way (feet)	14	12	13	18	20
	- Two-way (feet)	20	20	20	20	24
E.	Parking space width (feet)	9	9	9	9	9
F.	Parking space length (feet)	23	18	18	18	18

Diagram 470-702D(1) - Parking Area Diagram

(b) Spaces for handicapped persons. Parking spaces designated for handicapped accessibility shall be required in accordance with C.G.S. § 14-253a and the "The Connecticut State Building Code," § 29-352, as may be amended from time to time.

(c) Notwithstanding the above dimensional standards, each off-street parking space shall be provided with adequate area for maneuvering of an automobile for access and egress to and from the space without need to use any part of any street right-of-way.

(d) Dead-end parking bays longer than 25 feet in length, without a means of turning automobiles around, are prohibited.

(2) Construction.

(a) All off-street parking and loading spaces shall be suitably improved, graded, stabilized and maintained so as to cause no nuisance or danger from dust or from stormwater flow onto any street or other lot.

(b) Paved parking areas shall be constructed in accordance with the following construction detail:

Diagram 470-702D(2) - Pavement Section

(c) The Commission may approve, and encourages the use of, porous pavement, porous pavers and other permeable hard surfaces to meet part of any required parking spaces on a lot, provided there are no overriding environmental limitations.

(3) Location.

(a) No parking area or vehicle access which serves a use in any business district shall be permitted on a lot in a residential district.

(b) Except within the Collinsville Business Overlay District, no parking space shall be allowed within 10 feet of any lot line, except where the Commission has approved shared parking between adjacent lots.

(c) No parking space shall be located with direct access to any driveway leading to and from a public street in the general area where traffic is anticipated to queue. A minimum queuing area of 20 feet shall be provided on all access driveways to accommodate queuing. [Diagram 470-702D(3)]

Diagram 470-702D(3) - Access Driveway Design Minimum Queuing Area

(d) To reduce the mass of parking lots in front of buildings and bring buildings forward, at least 75% of parking should be provided behind the building line.

(4) Access drives.

(a) Points of entrance and exit for driveways onto any street shall be located so as to not create hazards to pedestrian, cyclists, and motor vehicular traffic in the street.

(b) Except for driveways permitting only right turns into and out of the site, access driveways shall, insofar as practical, align with existing opposing streets or commercial driveways.

(c) Driveways to the street from any business district (excluding the Collinsville Business Overlay) or design district shall be a minimum of 20 feet wide and a maximum of 24 feet wide (except to accommodate a landscaped center island to separate traffic). This requirement may be modified if additional width is required by the Connecticut Department of Transportation or the Office of the State Traffic Administration.

(5) Access management.

(a) The Commission shall not approve any site plan unless it has determined that in the best interest of public safety, and/or to promote orderly development, the applicant has made reasonable efforts to:

[1] Reduce curb cuts and provide shared access with an abutting lot;

[2] Establish lot inter-connections using internal driveways and walkways;

[3] Locate turning movements to the most appropriate locations;

[4] Separate driveways from nearby intersections; and

[5] Provide more than one means of access, ingress and/or egress.

(b) For any zoning permit any use, change in use, or zone map change application, and site plan which would require a cut or modification in the curb line of a state route, the applicant shall seek consultation with District 4 of the Connecticut Department of Transportation.

(6) Signage and pavement markings.

(a) Any traffic control signage shall conform to the "Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices," "Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings," CT DOT 814A, and the Connecticut Building Code, as may be amended from time to time.

(b) Crosswalks, directional arrows, fire lanes, parking spaces (excluding parking for single-family dwellings) and other pavement features shall be marked on the pavement and supplemented by signs as determined necessary by the Traffic Authority and/or Town Planner.

(c) Pavement markings shall be adequately maintained by the lot owner.

(7) Cart corrals. Whenever shopping carts are provided, the Commission may require that shopping cart corrals be provided and that such corrals be accessible from every parking bay serving the establishment. Shopping cart corrals may contain canopies and/or signs to indicate their location above the roofs of automobiles but neither may contain any corporate logo, name, or slogan. The owner or tenant shall be responsible for retrieving abandoned shopping carts taken from the premises.

(8) Snow storage. To maintain the availability of the maximum number of parking spaces, areas shall be designated outside of the paved parking lot for the substantial collection and storage of snow. These areas shall be depicted on the site development plan. Stockpiling of snow shall be allowed within the parking lot islands as long as it does not impede the vision of motorists or pedestrians.

(9) Wheel stops. Pre-cast concrete wheel stops may be utilized in areas where pedestrian routes are adjacent to parked automobiles to limit the amount of automobile overhang.

(10) Landscaping. Landscaping is required for all parking and driveway areas in accordance with § 470-701.

(11) Maintenance. Off-street parking shall be maintained by the property owner as long as the use or structure exists for which the parking is designed to serve.

(12) Installation. Complete installation and marking of required parking spaces and pavement markings (except those that are deferred or waived) shall be properly installed in accordance with the approved plans prior to the issuance of a certificate of zoning compliance per § 470-908C(4).

(13) Curbing. All off-street parking areas shall have a suitable curb of stone, poured-in-place or pre-cast concrete.

E. Loading spaces.

(1) Number of spaces. Except in the Collinsville Business Overlay, off-street loading spaces shall be provided and permanently maintained on the same lot in such number and location specified as follows:

Table 470-702E Loading Space Requirements
Use		Minimum Loading Requirement
Retail store, wholesale house, warehouse industrial building, or additions thereto (exclusive of basements)	0 to 39,999 square feet	The Commission may require designated loading spaces of such dimension, number and location within a parking lot, necessary to support such establishments without impeding the use of parking spaces, driveways or fire lanes
	Over 40,000 square feet	More than one space may be required by the Commission
Other uses		Sufficient off-street loading spaces as determined by the Commission based on the size and nature of the proposed use

(2) Dimensions. Each loading space shall have a vertical clearance of 15 feet and a width of 10 feet and a length of 60 feet.

(3) Access. Access to such off-street loading space(s) shall be from a private driveway.

(4) Except in the Collinsville Business Overlay, no off-street loading space and no truck loading bay, ramp or dock shall be designed or arranged in a manner that trucks must use any part of a public street right-of-way for maneuvering, or for loading and unloading.

(5) Loading/unloading spaces visible from a public street or adjacent property shall be screened with masonry walls or fencing or landscaping to minimize visual impact. Lighting shall be directed into the service area from the periphery and not directed toward the street and/or adjacent property.

(6) Required signage. Signs prohibiting staging, loading, or idling of commercial vehicles between the hours of 9:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. and the three-minute limitation on idling at other times contained in C.G.S. § 22a-174-18(b)(3)(C) must be posted every 100 feet adjacent to the service area.

(7) Modification. The number of required loading spaces may be waived or modified by the Commission, if the Commission finds that the proposed use does not require the number of loading spaces specified above.

§ 470-703 Signage.

A. Purpose. It is the purpose and intent of this section to:

(1) Accommodate the establishment of signs necessary for identification, direction and reasonable commercial promotion while providing minimum standards to preserve the character of Canton by regulating the size, height, location and lighting of signs;

(2) Provide a reasonable and comprehensive system of sign controls to provide for fair and equal treatment of all sign users;

(3) Protect the Town's character by avoiding clutter, while recognizing the need for signs as a major form of communication;

(4) Encourage signs that are well designed and pleasing in appearance with good design relationship and materials location;

(5) Encourage signs that are well designed with safe and appropriate spacing and location;

(6) Promote public safety by providing that official traffic regulating devises be easily visible and free from nearby visual obstructions; and

(7) Protect the residential, commercial, industrial, and recreational character of each district.

B. Applicability.

(1) No sign shall be established, constructed, reconstructed enlarged, extended, moved or structurally altered except in conformity with these regulations and until a sign permit, if required by this section, has been issued.

(2) For any sign serving a use that was subject to a special permit, a modification of the special permit shall be required if the Zoning Enforcement Officer determines that a proposed change in size, shape, color, material, lighting or location significantly alters the character of the sign.

(3) The following signs are expressly prohibited:

(a) Any sign not expressly permitted;

(b) Flashing signs, rotating and animated signs;

(c) Moving signs;

(d) Any motion-producing (dynamic) elements or features of any sign, except for wind induced flutter of awnings;

(e) Signs capable of changing image using electronic control;

(f) Signs with display screens using LED, LCD, plasma, or functionally equivalent technology;

(g) Signs capable of slide show or series of stills, or full motion or a combination thereof;

(h) Sky signs;

(i) Any sign with an exposed source of illumination;

(j) Any wall-mounted sign lacking fabricated individual letters; unless the sign is an approved promotional wall sign;

(k) Any sign with translucent cabinet faces enclosing any "light cabinet" (excepting individual letters);

(l) Signs with painted-on letters or sheet or film applied letters, except for temporary signs, open and closed signs, awning signs, and menu board signs;

(m) Off-premises signs (billboards);

(n) Streamers, and banners.

(4) There shall be no temporary signs (including a-frame, h-frame, and signs of similar construction) other than as provided in § 470-703C and D of these regulations.

(5) Signs referenced in this section are illustrated in Section 4 of the Appendix.[1]

[1] Editor's Note: See Ch. 470APP, Article 4.

C. Standards - signs in residence districts.

Table 470-703C Signs in Residence Districts
		Maximum Sign Area (square feet)	Sign Permit Required?
(1) Identification Signs
(a)	For a private residence, one or more signs designating the name of the resident(s) and/or the street number.	2 total	No
(b)	For a lot with a permitted home-based business, one sign designating the name of the business and/or the street number	4 total	No
(c)	One sign to identify the location of a farm as defined in these regulations	9 total	No
(d)	One temporary freestanding or attached sign on a farm, farm stand, or agriculturally related use	16 total	No
(e)	One seasonal agricultural sign per 200 feet of frontage on a public right-of-way is allowed for farms, farm stands and agriculturally related uses up to a total of 4 signs (If 4, 4 square feet for each, 2, 8 square feet for each, if 1 16 square feet)	4 each 16 total	No
(f)	Off-site directional signage approved by the State Department of Agriculture for the Agricultural Direction Signage Program for an agricultural trade or business	4 each	No
(g)	Signs accessory to a special permit use may be permitted by the Commission as part of the special permit approval	32 total	Yes
(h)	On-site directional signage (per the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices) to guide traffic flow with no commercial purpose	As per the MUTCD	No
(i)	Bulletin board/message board signs on the premises of churches, schools, parks, and similar uses (institutional)	20	No
(j)	Governmental signs that identify government buildings such as schools, fire and police stations shall be regulated in the same manner as business identification signs	24 total	Yes
(2) Temporary Signs
(a)	One real estate sign advertising the sale or lease of the premises on which the sign is located, and to be removed within 3 days of the closing of the sale of the premises or within 3 days of the execution of a lease	6	No
(b)	One sign relative to construction of an approved special permit use which must be removed prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy	6	Yes
(c)	One real estate sign advertising a real estate development on the premises, permitted for a period not to exceed 6 months, and renewable for subsequent 6-month periods, upon application to the Zoning Enforcement Officer	32	Yes
(d)	One or more signs noticing a public hearing associated with an application before the Town of Canton	Sign From ZEO	No
(e)	Construction signs for project identification to be removed within 30 days of the issuance of a certificate of occupancy or substantial project completion if a certificate of occupancy is not required	32	Yes
(f)	Real estate "open house" signs for a period not to exceed 48 hours prior to the close of the open house and to be removed immediately thereafter	6	No
(h)	Public interest signs which are temporary ground signs that advertises household sales, civic, and philanthropic events, and shall be anchored by weights or staked to the ground and must not obstruct sidewalks or the view of traffic	12	No
(h)	Political signs		No

D. Standards - signs in business and industrial districts.

Table 470-703D Signs In Business and Industrial Districts
						Maximum Sign Area		Sign Permit Required?
(1) Identification Signs
(a)	Any identification sign permitted in the residence districts					As per residence district		As per residence district
(b)	Attached or wall identification signs (one per occupant): (building frontage shall be measured along the side of the building on which the signage is to be located)					See table below		Yes

					Buildings located
					Less than 150 feet from the street		From 150 to 250 feet from the street		More than 250 feet from the street
		[1]	For a single-occupant building		1 square feet per linear foot of building frontage		1 square feet per linear foot of building frontage		1 square feet per linear foot of building frontage
					Total building signage shall not exceed 50 square feet		Total building signage shall not exceed 75 square feet		Total building signage shall not exceed 100 square feet
		[2]	For a multiple-occupant building and for each occupant of such building		1.0 square feet per linear foot of building frontage occupied by the business		1.5 square feet per linear foot of building frontage occupied by the business		2 square feet per linear foot of building frontage occupied by the business
					Signage for any single occupant shall not exceed 24 square feet		Signage for any single occupant shall not exceed 36 square feet		Signage for any single occupant shall not exceed 48 square feet
					Total building signage shall not exceed 1 square feet per linear foot of building frontage		Total building signage shall not exceed 1.5 square feet per linear foot of building frontage		Total building signage shall not exceed 2 square feet per linear foot of building frontage

							Maximum Sign Area (square feet)		Sign Permit Required?
(c)		Occupants with more than one exterior wall may utilize multiple wall signs, provided:
		[1]	Each occupant shall have no more than one wall sign per building elevation facing the street and the total area of all wall signs for any occupant or for the building as a whole shall not exceed the total allowed sign area as calculated above; or				See table above		Yes
		[2]	On a corner of 2 streets, an occupant may have a sign on each elevation provided that the total signage to be allowed shall not be more than 150% of the maximum size allowed by any one of the building sides. No one sign shall be greater than 100% of the maximum size allowed on any one elevation (no stacking of signage area)
(d)		Underneath a covered walkway in a multiple-tenant building, one perpendicular identification sign per occupant with frontage on the walkway provided the sign has a minimum of 8 feet of ground clearance (arcade signs)					4 square feet		Yes
(e)		Occupants may apply to the Commission for one promotional wall sign per building advertising a special sale, promotion, or other important business events, which shall consist of a frame or box encompassing such promotional signage, the contents of which may be changed regularly without the issuance of a sign permit					24 square feet		No
(f)		One ground identification sign per lot (including model, promotional model ground, and multitenant directory signs) in a location approved by the ZEO (as a minor modification to a site development plan in accordance with § 470-901F), provided that:					As detailed in Appendix 4.		Yes
		[1]	The design, layout, style and size (height, width and area) shall be in substantial conformance with one of the standard model signs in Appendix Article 4. The ZEO may refer proposed signs to the Commission for approval
		[2]	For a sign located on a berm, the height of the sign may be measured from the top of the sign face to ground level at the base of the berm or at the original existing grade
		[3]	Signs may only advertise the business(es):
			[a]	Conducted on the lot where the sign is located, or
			[b]	Accessed from the driveway or point of access
(g)		One off-site promotional ground sign when the placement of the sign has been authorized by the owner of the land on which the sign is to be located (including the Town of Canton or State of Connecticut if located within the public right-of-way)					As detailed in Appendix 4		Yes
(h)		Additional ground signs or ground signs not in substantial conformance with the standard model signs in Appendix Article 4 may be approved by the Commission as a special permit					As approved by PZC		Yes
(i)		Any sign projecting over a pedestrian or vehicular travel way					As approved by PZC		Yes
(j)		Vehicle sign(s) as a special permit approved by the Commission					As approved by PZC		Yes
(k)		One bulletin board/message board sign per lot in place of a promotional model ground sign					32		Yes
(l)		One menu board sign for restaurants, drive-through facilities and other similar uses per lot					32		Yes
(m)		Incidental signs, including credit-card symbol signs and similar messages that are typically posted at the entrance of a business					10% of window area		No
(n)		Open/closed signs or flags					6 (sign) 18 (flag)		No
(o)		Open/closed signs or flags within the Collinsville Business District Overlay					3 (sign) 6 (flag)		No
(p)		Directional signs which are shown on an approved site plan					As approved by PZC		No
(q)		On-site directional signage (per the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices) to guide traffic flow					As approved by PZC		No
(r)		Awnings signs, provided that:
		[1]	Transparent or translucent materials are not permitted;
		[2]	Internal illumination of awnings is not permitted;
		[3]	The front vertical face of any awning shall not exceed 12 inches in height. The front vertical face of any awning may contain the name of the business in letters not to exceed 9 inches in height nor more than 2 colors; and				See text.		Yes
		[4]	The sloped face of any awning may include up to 2 colors without sign graphics and/or text
(s)		Roof signs, as an alternative to a wall sign, limited only to a location on a building for which a wall sign is physically unfeasible					See table above for wall signs		Yes
(2) Temporary Signs
(a)		Any temporary sign allowed in a residence district
(b)		One sign located on the lot of a building under construction which must be removed prior to issuance of a certificate of occupancy					24		Yes
(c)		Signs temporarily affixed to, on, or hangs immediately behind a window or door announcing sales or special features provided they do not exceed 50% of the area of said window and/or door. Such signage shall not exceed an additional 25% of the allowable square footage based upon the building frontage					See text.		No
(d)		Up to 4 signs Town-wide, advertising a new business or special promotional event, provided that:
		[1]	Notice is provided to the ZEO prior to the posting of such sign;
		[2]	There is no more than one sign per lot;
		[3]	The sign is located on the lot containing such business or event being promoted;				8 per sign		No
		[4]	The sign design and locational parameters are approved by the Commission, and
		[5]	No sign shall be posted for the same business for more than 30 consecutive days
		(See Appendix Article 4 - Welcome New Business Model Ground Sign for an example)
(e)		Up to 4 signs specific to the Collinsville Business Overlay District, no more than one per property, advertising a new business or special promotional event provided that such signage complies with § 470-703D(2)(d)[1] through [5]					8 per sign		No
(f)		One temporary freestanding sign per business advertising a special sale, promotion, or other important business events shall be permitted 4 times per calendar year under the following conditions:
		[1]	A sign permit is issued by the ZEO which clearly states the size and location of the sign(s), must be completed and signed by the applicant;
		[2]	Such sign shall not be more than 4 feet in total height;
		[3]	Permits shall be issued in 14-day increments;
		[4]	No sign shall be placed within the right-of-way of any Town or state road nor obstruct the sign line of any intersection;				12 per sign		Yes
		[5]	Such sign shall be placed on the property on which the business is located;
		[6]	In the case of plazas with multiple tenants, portable signs shall be permitted adjacent to the store where the business is located, and shall not be placed along the front of the property;
		[7]	All signs must be in good repair, and have a professional appearance and shall consist of a "sandwich" or "A-frame" sign made of wood or other solid durable construction as approved by the ZEO; and
		[8]	No sign allowed under this subsection shall be within 150 feet of another sign allowed under this subsection
(g)		One sign to promote grand opening events provided that such signage:
		[1]	Shall not exceed 4 feet in height;
		[2]	Shall be installed for no more than 30 days;
		[3]	No sign shall be placed in a Town or state right-of-way;				12 per sign		Yes
		[4]	Such sign shall not block traffic visibility, or be located within 150 feet of another similar sign;
		[5]	A diagram of the sign, showing height, size and location shall be submitted to the ZEO as part of the sign permit
(h)		One temporary promotional model wall sign in a location approved by the ZEO provided such signage complies with the standards of § 470-703D(2)(f)[1] through [8]					12 per sign		Yes

E. Sign measurement.

(1) The area of any sign shall be the entire area encompassed by the perimeter of the sign consisting of the best fit of not more than five rectangles, triangles or circles.

(2) All dimensions for signs shall be based on measurements to the outside edge of the sign excluding any structure necessary to support the sign.

(3) Any sign may be double facing, and when a sign is attached to the ground, only one face shall be counted in determining conformity to sign area limitations, provided that the interior angle of the sign is 30° or less, and the distance between faces does not exceed 18 inches.

(4) The depth of a sign may be calculated as part of the sign area if considered to be an integral part of the sign message. The area of a three-dimensional sign shall be the sum of all sides or sign faces divided by two.

Diagram 470-703E(1) - Sign Measurement Double Facing signs

Diagram 470-703E(2) - Three-Dimensional Sign

F. General sign standards.

(1) Sign location.

(a) Except as may be otherwise provided in these regulations, all signs shall be located on the property to which they pertain.

(b) No sign shall be painted, drawn, or otherwise established directly upon the surface of any building unless a special permit is approved by the Commission.

(c) Ground signs shall not be located less than 15 feet from the paved portion of a street unless they are wall signs attached directly to a building or otherwise approved by the Commission.

[1] For buildings located closer than 15 feet from the paved portion of a street, perpendicular wall signs of no more than 24 square feet may be substituted for the ground sign.

[2] Signs subject to the approval of the Collinsville Historic District Commission shall be exempt from the requirements of Subsection F(1)(c).

(d) Signs or associated plantings shall be located and maintained so that they will not cause danger to traffic on a street by obscuring the sight line. Signage shall comply with the standards of § 470-708.

(e) Wall signs shall be located on the elevation of the building which corresponds to the activity to which they pertain, or the location of the primary entrance.

(2) Sign design.

(a) All letters used on signs shall be fabricated to have a measurable dimensional thickness of no less than 1/4 inch. Painted-on letters of sheet or film applied letters are not permitted except for temporary signs, open and closed signs, awning signs, and menu board signs.

(b) All signs shall be professionally made or have a professional appearance.

(c) Sign letters, backgrounds, cabinets, light sources and all materials and hardware shall be durable and suitable for exterior use.

(d) Signs shall be made of wood, metal, glass, brick, concrete, stone, or plastic.

(e) All signs shall be firmly and safely mounted.

(f) All tenant signs shall be fully integrated into the design of the storefront or building area.

(3) Sign construction and safety.

(a) Signs shall be constructed of good material, firmly supported and maintained in good condition. All signs must comply with the Connecticut State Building Code.

(b) Signs which may become unsafe or in disrepair in the opinion of the Commission shall, upon notice from the ZEO, be repaired or removed by the owner or lessee of the property on which such signs stands within one month of such notice).

(c) No red or green neon signs shall be located within 200 feet of a traffic signal.

(4) Sign lighting.

(a) Signs may be illuminated until 11:00 p.m. or until the time the activity referred to on the sign closes, whichever is later, at which time the illumination shall cease.

(b) Illuminated signs shall comply with the outdoor lighting standards of § 470-704.

(c) The light source (bulb) of light fixtures shall not be directly visible from adjacent streets or properties.

(d) Light shall not spill from the sign beyond the space occupied by the surface upon which it is mounted.

(e) All ground-mounted fixtures shall be screened by bushes or other appropriate means; all fixtures mounted on the sign itself shall blend in with the background color of the sign or its surrounding as deemed appropriate for the site.

(f) The average level of illumination (for externally illuminated signs) on the vertical surface of the sign shall not exceed 3.0 footcandles.

(g) Internally illuminated signs shall consist of:

[1] Individual letters that are surface-mounted onto a building wall, or ground sign or that is pin-mounted to or bracketed off of the face of the wall; or

[2] A sign box or light cabinet that has individual letters mounted on the sign box face surface, or that has "push-through" letters projecting through the light cabinet face surface. The sign box or light cabinet may be surface-mounted onto, recessed into, or bracket-mounted in front of the face of the building or may be bracketed-mounted below the arcade or roof overhang, or may be constructed as part of a ground sign.

(h) Internally illuminated signs are only permitted where:

[1] The face and all other exposed surfaces of the sign box or light cabinet are constructed of opaque materials;

[2] The source of illumination is not visible;

[3] The internal illumination is in the form of:

[a] "Halo-lit" letters using a light source fully contained within the "channel" constructed letters having opaque faces and sides. To allow illumination of the background surface that silhouettes the letters these letters are pin-mounted or bracketed off the wall surface of face of the sign box or ground sign;

[b] "Channel" letters using a light source fully contained with the "channel" constructed letters having a translucent face and opaque sides. Alternatively the letters may have an opaque face and translucent sides. No part of the letter may be open or transparent. Channel letters may be surface-mounted or pin-mounted or bracketed off the wall surface of the face of the sign box or ground sign;

[c] "Push-through" letters are translucent acrylic plastic letters inserted through the opaque face of a light cabinet; the face of the letters may be opaque or translucent. The fully contained light source within the light cabinet causes the translucent letters to glow and illuminated the face of the light box.

(5) Sign height.

(a) Except as may be authorized by the Commission, no detached sign shall exceed 10 feet in height from existing grade [see Diagram 470-703F(1)].

(b) For a sign located on a berm, the height of the sign shall be measured from the top of the sign face to ground level at the base of the berm or at the original existing grade.

Diagram 470-703F(1) - Sign Height

(6) Discontinued and nonconforming signs.

(a) Signs shall be removed when the purpose for which they were erected no longer exists.

(b) Signs which are no longer functional or have been abandoned shall be removed or relocated by the owner or lessee of the property on which such signs stand within one month following such designation by the ZEO.

(c) The replacement of a nonconforming sign shall be in accordance with these regulations.

(d) A nonconforming sign may be repaired or altered provided that the cost of such repairs or alterations does not exceed 25% of the replacement costs of the sign.

(e) A zoning permit is required for any repairs or alterations.

(7) Other standards.

(a) Landscape features that include a road name or street number may be approved by the Commission as part of an overall site plan in addition to permitted signage, provided:

[1] No business names or logos are displayed, unless proposed by the applicant in place of other allowed signage;

[2] Natural materials that reflect the site characteristics are used; and

[3] Additional plantings are provided.

(8) Exceptions.

(a) Any sign not conforming to the standards of this section (§ 470-703) may be acted on by the Commission as a special permit application;

(b) Graphic banners without text;

(c) Seasonal decorative signage;

(d) Historic memorials;

(e) Any sign necessary for the safe functioning of driveways and parking areas, excluding directional signs.

G. Coordinated sign theme standards.

(1) Effect of sign theme. The Commission may, by special permit, approve a coordinated sign design theme for a defined area (such as the Collinsville Business Overlay) or for a parcel with multiple buildings or occupants and, in so doing, the Commission may modify any of the sign requirements of § 470-703, provided that:

(a) Design of all signs shall be compatible with the design of the building(s) to which it relates,

(b) Such coordinated sign design theme shall address lighting, materials, color, information, size, shape and location, and

(c) All signs shall adhere to the standards specified in the coordinated sign design theme.

(2) Design standards. The design of the coordinated sign theme (including materials, illumination and hardware) shall be subject to the following additional standards:

(a) Design and construction.

[1] All letters used on signs shall be dimensional.

[2] All signs shall be professionally made.

[3] Sign letters, backgrounds, cabinets, light sources and all materials and hardware shall be durable and suitable for exterior use.

[4] Design of all signs shall be compatible with the design of the building to which it is to be attached.

[5] Signs shall be made of wood, metal, glass, or plastic.

[6] All signs shall be firmly and safely mounted.

[7] All tenant signs shall be fully integrated into the design of the storefront or building area.

[8] Signs may be permitted to be attached to or placed inside a tenant's storefront and/or on the glass that is part of a storefront or hung from the ceiling or attached in any manner on the glass which are able to be partially read from outside the building.

(b) Lighting.

[1] No light sources shall be directly visible from the outside of the building.

[2] Light shall not spill from the sign beyond the space occupied by the surface upon which it is mounted;

[3] Wall signs shall have the light source incorporated into the sign structure or concealed by an architectural feature, except identification wall signs may be internally illuminated.

[4] Ground signs shall have either the light source incorporated into the sign structure or concealed by landscaping.

[5] All lighting for signs other than the types of signs that are permitted to be internally illuminated, shall be lit by soft lighting directed toward the sign with little or no spillover.

[6] The light source (bulb) of light fixtures shall not be directly visible from adjacent streets or properties.

[7] Indirectly illuminated lighting shall be a consistent intensity for each sign throughout the site.

(c) Materials.

[1] Materials used to create signage shall be consistent and complementary to the general architecture of the site or proposed area.

[2] Signage materials shall be consistent between individual tenants throughout the site.

[3] Materials used for signage and supports for signage shall include stone, metal, hardyplank or stained and painted wood.

(d) Colors.

[1] Colors of signage shall be consistent with and complementary to the general color scheme for the buildings within the site or proposed area.

[2] Generally darker color hues shall be used for the background of the signs.

[3] Complementary contrasting color hues shall be used for the lettering of the signs.

[4] A third color hue may be used for emphasis (i.e., borders, motifs, shadowing, etc.) of the signs.

[5] Excessively bright, glaring, or vibrating color hues and schemes shall not be permitted within the site.

(e) Information.

[1] In general, signs may be established for the identification and promotion of the development and individual tenants within the site.

[2] Individual tenant signs shall only designate one or more of the following items:

[a] Name;

[b] Address;

[c] Logos, symbols or illustrations; or

[d] Type of business.

[3] No more than 25% of the sign area shall be used for a logo, symbol or illustration.

[4] Multiple lines of information may be used.

(f) Size.

[1] The size of a sign shall be considered the total of the smallest square, rectangle or triangle that encompasses all lettering, wording, design or symbols, together with any background that is intended as an integral part of and obviously related to the sign [Diagram 470-703E(1)].

[2] For the purposes of this Subsection G, building frontage shall be measured along the side of the building facing the public right-of-way. Where the building is not oriented towards the street, the measurement of the wall of the building containing the front entrance of the establishment shall be used.

[3] Size of specific types of signs shall meet the standards listed below. Only the types identified in this section (§ 470-703B) are permitted.

[4] Wall signs shall be limited to 1.5 square feet per lineal foot of building frontage for signs located 250 feet or less of the right-of-way to which they front.

[5] Wall signs shall be limited to two square feet per lineal foot of the building frontage for signs located more than 250 feet from the right-of-way to which they front.

[6] No wall sign shall exceed 300 square feet in size.

[7] In a multi-tenant building of 10,000 square feet, or larger, each tenant is permitted to have one wall sign on the building elevation of such tenants primary entrance, provided that the wall sign meets the standards of § 470-703G(2)(c) or (d). Any tenant that has a second building elevation may be permitted an additional wall sign of up to 36 square feet in size.

[8] A "tag-line to a wall sign" may be up to 1 1/2 feet, but no more than 40% of the height of the wall sign and may not exceed the length of the wall sign.

[9] Identification reinforcement window decal signs may be placed in the lower 1/3 of the window area of windows facing the right-of-way to which the building fronts) if the window sizes are the same as the windows at the entrance to the tenant's space.

(g) Location.

[1] Signs shall be located in relationship to the use for which they are erected and so as not to confuse, distract, mislead or obstruct vision necessary for traffic and pedestrian safety.

[2] Ground signs shall not exceed 15 feet in height as measured from the top of the sign face to the existing grade.

[3] No wall sign or attached sign shall project more than 12 inches from the face of the structure.

[4] Signage on a building, wherever possible, shall be located within the architectural sign band, the fascia, or other areas on the building reserved for signage. No sign, or portion thereof, attached to a building shall project above the exterior wall of said building.

(h) Types of signs.

[1] Wall signs shall be considered the primary sign for each tenant. Attached wall signs that meet the standards of § 470-703G(2)(f) are permitted.

[2] One ground sign per site (development) is permitted. The ground sign may include up to three store names and the name of the development.

[3] A "tag-line to wall sign" is permitted when it clarifies the tenant's offerings and is located immediately adjacent to the primary sign.

(i) Method of construction of tenant signs:

[1] Signs may consist of:

[a] Individual letters that are surface-mounted onto the building wall, or are pin-mounted to or bracketed off the face of the wall; or

[b] A sign box or light cabinet that has individual letters mounted on the sign box face surface, or that has "push-through" letters projecting through the light cabinet face surface. The sign box or light cabinet may be surface-mounted onto, recessed into, or bracket-mounted in front of the face of the building, or may be bracket-mounted below the arcade or roof overhang.

[2] All letters used on signs shall be fabricated to have a measurable dimensional thickness. Painted-on letters, or sheet or film applied letters are not permitted.

[3] Internally illuminated signs are only permitted where:

[a] The face and all other exposed surfaces of the sign box or light cabinet are constructed of opaque materials;

[b] Any source of illumination is not directly visible;

[c] The illuminated sign is in the form of "halo-lit" "channel" or "push-through" letters.

[4] Indirectly illuminated sign shall be permitted only where:

[a] Any source of illumination is not directly visible; and

[b] All illumination is evenly focused and distributed onto the sign surface.

(3) Individual sign approval process.

(a) Any sign proposed as a part of a Commission-approved coordinated sign theme shall require a sign permit and shall not be modified except in accordance with the coordinated sign theme process.

(b) All applications for a sign permit shall include the following information:

[1] A full color drawing, to scale, of the sign, showing the dimensions of the sign;

[2] A site plan and/or architectural drawing showing the location(s) of the sign(s) on the building;

[3] Description of the materials of which the sign is made and colors to be used;

[4] Description of all sign lighting, including without limitation the intensity of lighting described in footcandles; and

[5] The required sign permit fee.

(c) Applications for all signs that conform to these sign design and placement standards may be approved by the Zoning Enforcement Officer (ZEO).

(d) It is the responsibility of the individual tenants to obtain all necessary permits prior to the installation of any and all tenant signs. It is the responsibility of the landlord to obtain all necessary permits prior to the installation of any and all landlord and common sign areas.

§ 470-704 Outdoor lighting.

[Amended 12-17-2025]

A. Purpose. These regulations are intended to provide specific standards for lighting in order to maximize the effectiveness of site lighting, to enhance public safety and welfare, to raise public awareness of energy conservation, to reduce public and personal expenses through energy conservation, to avoid unnecessary upward illumination, indirect lighting and illumination of adjacent properties, and to reduce glare.

B. Applicability.

(1) Except as herein provided, these regulations shall apply to any outdoor lighting fixtures installed, modified, refurbished, repaired or serviced within the following:

(a) Business Districts.

(b) Industrial Districts.

(c) Municipal Community Public Facilities Districts.

(d) Design Districts.

(e) Design Village Districts.

C. Standards.

(1) All exterior lights and illumination shall be designed, located, installed, and directed in such a manner as to:

(a) Prevent direct or objectionable glare, light trespass, spill light, or obtrusive light;

(b) Be shielded (full cutoff);

(c) Employ soft, transitional light levels which are consistent from area to area;

(d) Minimize contrast between light sources, lit areas, and dark surroundings; and

(e) Be confined within the target area.

(2) No externally mounted direct light source shall be visible at the lot line at ground level or above. The illumination measured at the lot line shall be zero footcandles, excluding driveway entrances.

(3) Lighting shall include timers, dimmers and/or sensors to reduce unnecessary light levels during non-business hours to a minimum level required for overnight security.

(4) The height of luminaires, except streetlights in public rights-of-way, shall be the minimum height necessary to provide adequate illumination, but shall not exceed a height of 15 feet. The height of a luminaire shall be measured from the finished grade (not the top of a supporting concrete base) to the bottom of the luminaire.

(5) Light standards within a parking lot shall be located within landscaped islands or buffer strips and shall be set back two feet from any parking space unless wheel-stops are provided.

(6) Parking lots, sidewalks, and other areas accessible to pedestrians and automobiles shall be illuminated to uniform and adequate intensity. Typical standards to achieve uniform and adequate intensity are:

(a) Average horizontal maintained illumination shall not be more than 0.2 foot-candles;

(b) Maximum-to-minimum ratio shall be between 6:1 and 10:1, but not more than 10:1.

(7) In reviewing and approving outdoor lighting, the Commission may utilize recommendations for lighting levels as issued by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, the International Dark-Sky Association,

(8) The use of utility poles for outdoor lighting is prohibited.

(9) Any light, or illumination not in compliance with these regulations shall constitute a violation.

(10) A professional photometric survey shall be submitted as part of any site plan that demonstrates compliance with these standards. Such photometric survey shall depict the location of all outdoor lighting fixtures (including building-mounted), demonstrate a maximum 10-foot by 10-foot grid of both the initial and maintained lighting levels on the site, and show both business hour and non-business hour lighting plans in accordance with § 470-712.

(a) The following items shall be provided in addition to the information required by the Site Plan Checklist (Appendix 1.3 Site Plan Application).

[1] The location of all outdoor lighting fixtures (including building-mounted);

[2] A maximum 10-foot by 10-foot grid of both the initial and maintained lighting levels on the site.

[3] Both business hour and non-business hour lighting plans in accordance with § 470-712;

[4] Lamp types, lamp color rating, and lumen output ratings, which shall conform to the following criteria:

[a] Light sources shall have a maximum correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2,700K as rated on the manufacturer's specification sheet).

[b] Areas adjacent to waterways or nature preserves, only lights with a CCT rating of 2,000K, 1,800K, or less, or amber shall be used.

[5] A description of how the project lighting plan has been coordinated with any associated landscaping plan to prevent site planning conflicts;

[6] Any other information necessary to ensure that the proposed lighting complies with the provisions of these requirements as determined by the Commission.

Diagram 470-704C(1) - Lighting/Illumination Diagrams
Luminaire Shielded	Luminaire Nonshielded

D. Exemptions and modifications.

(1) Temporary holiday lighting is exempt from these regulations, for a period of time to be commensurate with the holiday being celebrated, but in no event shall such lighting exceed a duration of 45 days annually in the aggregate.

(2) Temporary lighting used by the Police Department, Fire Department, or emergency services in connection with the performance of their official duties is exempt from these regulations.

(3) Lighting of the American Flag when it is the sole object being illuminated by the lighting fixtures employed for that purpose, provided that:

(a) Lighting designed to highlight flagpoles shall be low level (the minimum necessary to illuminate the flag) and shall be targeted and focused directly on the flag.

(4) The Commission may, by Special Permit, allow lighting that does not comply with the requirements of this section provided the Commission determines, in its sole discretion, that such proposed lighting is consistent with the purpose of these regulations and the criteria of § 470-902E. The following considerations are provided as examples of situations where a Special Permit may be considered:

(a) Extraordinary need for security exists because of a history of vandalism or other objective reasons;

(b) In traveled ways or areas, conditions hazardous to the public exist, such as steep embankments or stairs;

(c) It would be unreasonable to require replacement of an entire lighting installation because a minor change is proposed to an existing nonconforming lighting installation;

(d) Special lighting is indicated for historic buildings. The Commission may take into consideration advisory comments from the Town Historian, Canton Center, and Collinsville Historic Districts Commissions, or other knowledgeable sources;

(e) That ornamental up-lighting of sculpture, buildings, or landscape features when those features are the sole objects being illuminated by the lighting fixtures employed for that purpose;

(f) For use of strips of light intended to outline or highlight a structure, whether composed of linear light tubes or a sequence of individual illumination sources; and

(g) Such lighting is necessary for special outdoor events and for playing fields. Field lighting, unless modified by the Commission as part of the Special Permit, is required to:

[1] Not exceed 25 footcandles at any one location;

[2] Be reduced by at least 75% one hour after the conclusion of each game or post-game activities and be turned off within two hours after the conclusion of the game or activities;

[3] Have the ability to be activated at reduced power, with a timer and auto-off functionality for non-organized use of the facility.

(5) The Commission may modify the requirements of § 470-704 for a temporary use approved under these regulations.

E. Prohibited.

(1) While any form of lighting or illumination not specifically permitted by these regulations is prohibited, for clarity, the following types of lights are specifically listed as being prohibited in all districts:

(a) Light sources that oscillate or vary in intensity or color to the degree that the modulation is perceptible to the human eye;

(b) Lasers;

(c) Searchlights other than for emergency purposes;

(d) Illumination of entire buildings.

§ 470-705 Earthwork and grading.

A. Purpose. This section is intended to regulate the grading of any lot within Canton to protect the public health and safety, to encourage the orderly development of the Town, and to provide for the restoration of property following any grading so as to minimize any unnecessary erosion and sedimentation.

B. Applicability. Within the Town of Canton, there shall be no grading of any lot by any means except as herein provided. This section shall not apply to the cultivation of soil for the growing of crops.

C. Other approvals may be required. Any approval or exemption under this section does not relieve any person from having to obtain any other approvals which may be required, such as for:

(1) A regulated activity in a wetland or watercourse area;

(2) An activity within a floodplain area; or

(3) An activity regulated by a local, state or federal agency.

D. Permitted grading activities. An activity listed in Table 470-705D in this section may be conducted, provided that:

(1) Any required permit is obtained prior to commencement of the activity;

(2) Until the site is fully stabilized erosion and sedimentation control measures consistent with the 2002 Connecticut Guidelines for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control (as may be amended) shall be utilized at all times until the site is fully stabilized;

(3) All activities are conducted in full compliance with the provisions of § 470-705; and

Table 470-705D Permitted Grading Activities
This table indicates the type of permit required based on the amount of grading of a lot or coordinated development of more than one lot.
			No Permit Required	Zoning Permit (ZEO)	Special Permit (PZC)
1.	Grading in connection with:
	a.	Normal maintenance of property;	0 to 99 cubic yards	100 to 499 cubic yards	500+ cubic yards
	b.	Normal repair of property;
	c.	Customary landscaping; or
	d.	Minor improvements to property
2.	Grading associated with the dredging of an existing pond, provided that the inland wetlands and watercourses agency has issued a permit		0 to 499 cubic yards	500 to 1,999 cubic yards	2,000+ cubic yards
3.	Grading in connection with and clearly essential to:			0 to 1,999 cubic yards	2,000+ cubic yards
	a.	Construction or alteration of a building; and/or		Provided that a zoning permit, a building permit, or a septic permit has been issued for such construction and the proposed excavation or filling is specified in such permit
	b.	The installation of utilities or amenities (such as septic systems, swimming pools, or similar improvements)
4.	Grading associated with specific plans for a subdivision or a special permit approved by the Commission, provided that all necessary approvals and permits having been obtained, applicable bonds have been posted, and an erosion and sedimentation control plan was approved			0 to 1,999 cubic yards	2,000+ cubic yards
5.	Grading in connection with and clearly essential to:
	a.	Environmental restoration		0 - 1,999 cubic yards	2,000+ cubic yards
	b.	Other

E. Additional special permit considerations.

(1) In addition to the special permit criteria set forth in § 470-902E, the Commission may also consider the following when reviewing an application under this section:

(a) Potential soil erosion and sedimentation affecting all land, bodies of water and public works, both on-site and off-site;

(b) Effects on drainage and groundwater table;

(c) Lateral support slopes, grades and elevations of abutting streets and properties;

(d) Effect of the operation and any related traffic on circulation and road condition on streets serving the parcel under consideration;

(e) Any decision issued by the Inland Wetlands and Watercourses Agency;

(f) Any approval of the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and/or the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers;

(g) The recommendation of the Commissions engineer, the Conservation Commission, and the Town Planner; and

(h) The scope and duration of the project and effects on neighboring properties.

(2) The operation of earth material processing, screening or crushing equipment is allowed as part of an approved subdivision or site plan on site by special permit.

(3) The operation of earth material processing, screening or crushing equipment as a standalone operation/not as part of an approved subdivision or site plan is allowed in the Industrial District by special permit.

(4) In approving a special permit, the Commission may specify the overall time period within which a grading or processing activity shall be completed, but in no event shall that time period exceed two years.

(5) The Commission may grant an extension of time within which to complete the proposed project upon a showing by the applicant and subject to the considerations and conditions set forth in this section, but in no event shall more than one extension of time be granted except upon a showing of good cause and after a public hearing has been held. The time period of the extension shall not exceed the duration of the original permit.

(6) The Commission may require the applicant to submit periodic reports, prepared by and bearing the seal of a professional land surveyor or engineer, showing the status and progress of the work.

(7) As a condition of any special permit, the Commission may require that the applicant furnish a performance and/or maintenance bond, acceptable to the Commission in form, amount, and surety, securing to the Town of Canton the faithful performance of the work proposed, pursuant to both the provisions of this or other applicable sections of these regulations and to the specific conditions of approval.

(8) No bond shall be released until:

(a) The Commission receives an as-built survey prepared by a professional land surveyor that the project has been completed according to approved plans and conditions attached thereto;

(b) The Commission is satisfied that the work has been completed as required; and

(c) Disturbed areas have been appropriately graded and stabilized with vegetation to result in erosion-free conditions.

(9) In order to prevent activities which would be detrimental to the character of the Town and the value of adjacent properties, blasting, and grading shall be done in accordance with the following standards:

(a) The use of jersey barriers or waste concrete blocks for retaining slopes is not permitted. Concrete or metal cribbing, rip-rap, or gabion wall systems used for retaining slopes shall not be visible from the street or adjoining properties. Decorative block, tinted, formed, concrete resembling stone or brick, or concrete covered by a course of brick or stone are recommended for retaining slopes in highly visible locations;

(b) Earthen slopes shall contain a suitable ground cover of grass, ivy, creeping varieties of shrubs or similar treatment;

(c) Ledge walls or retaining walls visible from the public street or adjoining properties are not recommended and shall be reduced through grading, terracing or other means; and

(d) To reduce the visual impact of tall, ledge walls or retaining walls, the Commission may require landscaping along the base of walls.

§ 470-706 Soil erosion and sediment control.

[Amended 1-21-2026]

A. Purpose. This section is intended to prevent accelerated erosion and sedimentation of land during and after development; reduce the danger from stormwater runoff; minimize sediment pollution from land being developed; and prevent detrimental impacts to soil and water resources.

B. Applicability.

(1) All development requiring a zoning permit, special permit, or site plan approval shall employ proper provisions to adequately control accelerated erosion and sedimentation and reduce the danger from stormwater runoff on the proposed site based on the best available technology in order to result in a development that:

(a) Minimizes erosion and sedimentation during construction;

(b) Is stabilized and protected from erosion when completed; and

(c) Does not cause off-site erosion and/or sedimentation.

(2) A soil erosion and sediment control plan shall be submitted for certification by the Commission for any development activity which would result in a cumulative disturbed area of more than 1/2 acre.

(3) This section shall not apply to Bonafide agricultural uses, as determined by the Zoning Enforcement Officer.

C. Overall requirement.

(1) The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 2002 Connecticut Guidelines for Soil Erosion and Sediment Control, and the Connecticut 2004 Stormwater Quality Manual, as amended, shall be used to determine the best available technology on any site unless alternative principles, methods or practices have been approved by the Commission for use on a particular site.

(2) An application requiring certification of a soil erosion and sediment control plan shall contain, but not be limited to, items required on the "Requirements for Erosion and Sediment Control" checklist, included in Appendix 1.[1]

[1] Editor's Note: See Ch. 470APP, Article 1.

(3) Any soil erosion and sediment control plan may be reviewed by the Commission's engineer or the North Central Conservation District, which may make recommendations concerning such plan for the consideration of the Commission.

D. Implementation of controls.

(1) Site development shall not begin in any area of the site unless the appropriate soil erosion and sediment control measures and facilities for that area have been installed and are functional.

(2) All control measures and facilities shall be maintained in effective condition to ensure compliance with the purpose of this section.

(3) The estimated costs of measures required to control soil erosion and sedimentation may be covered in a performance bond or other assurance acceptable to the Commission.

(4) Inspections shall be made by the Commission or its designated agent during development to ensure that control measures and facilities are properly performed or installed and maintained.

(5) The Commission may require the applicant to verify through progress reports that appropriate soil erosion and sediment control measures and facilities have been installed and are being operated and maintained.

§ 470-707 Fences and walls.

A. Purpose. This section is intended to control the size, location, and type of perimeter fences, freestanding walls, and retaining walls in all zoning districts in order to provide for protection of private property while not infringing on adjoining properties or on the public safety and general welfare.

B. Fences and freestanding walls.

(1) Fences, posts, columns, and freestanding walls shall be constructed in accordance with § 470-708C so as to not obstruct corner visibility at intersections of roads, driveways, access ways, or other travel ways.

(2) No fence, freestanding wall, or combination thereof shall exceed six feet in height above finished grade except as provided in § 470-707B(3) below.

(3) The Commission may grant a special permit for a fence, freestanding wall, or combination thereof greater than six feet in height. The Commission may condition any such permit by requiring an appropriate set back from the lot line and landscaping.

(4) Within the required minimum yard setbacks, the finished or more attractive side of any fence shall face the neighboring lot or street.

(5) Barbed wire, razor wire or similar products are allowed by special permit.

(6) Electric fencing is permitted in any district limited to the following:

(a) Underground electric wiring such as "Invisible fence^®" or equivalent systems for the confinement of household pets (dogs); and

(b) Aboveground electric wiring used solely for the protection of agricultural crops, or the confinement of livestock or poultry, provided that such wiring shall not be located closer than five feet from a lot line. Such fence shall be marked with a sign containing the word "Caution" or "Warning" and equivalent pictographic symbols (every 30 feet).

C. Retaining walls.

[Amended 8-9-2022]

(1) All references for "cross-section" in this section shall mean a vertical section along a line perpendicular to the general horizontal line of the face of the wall at the point of application.

(2) All references to the "height" of a wall shall mean the difference in elevation along a particular cross-section between the finish grade [ground elevation] adjacent to the wall on the high side and the finish grade adjacent to the wall on the low side.

(3) Retaining walls up to, and including, four feet in height are permitted by right with no permit required.

(4) Retaining walls greater than four feet in height require the submittal to and approval by the Zoning Enforcement Officer of a design stamped and signed by a Connecticut licensed professional engineer prior to zoning signoff on any building permit therefore.

(5) Retaining walls greater than four feet and up to, and including, eight feet in height:

(a) Are allowed by zoning permit if not proposed as part of a site plan application to the Commission.

(b) Face of wall shall not be closer in cross-section than five feet to a site bounding property line.

(c) The change in elevation in cross-section between an adjacent site bounding property line and the finish grade at the wall shall not exceed 0.75 feet for five feet of separation and 2.5 feet for 10 feet of separation; and the limit shall be linearly interpolated for separation distance in between.

(6) Retaining walls greater than eight feet and up to, and including, 16 feet in height:

(a) Site plan approval by the Commission is required.

(b) Face of wall shall be no closer in cross-section than the height of the wall to a site bounding property line unless a special permit is obtained for the wall; but, in no case shall the wall be closer than five feet to a site bounding property line.

(c) The maximum change in elevation in cross-section for the initial three feet away from the exposed edge of the wall and the finish grade at the wall in each direction shall be 0.5 feet.

(d) Where the grade approaching the high side of the wall slopes towards the wall, the grade at three feet from the exposed edge of the wall shall be between (inclusive) 0.1 feet and 0.5 feet below the finish grade at the wall, and proper drainage shall be provided above the wall.

(7) Retaining walls greater than 16 feet in height:

(a) Special permit approval is required.

(b) All provisions of Subsection C(6) above apply.

(8) Additional special permit criteria. The Commission shall consider the demonstrated positives of the proposed retaining wall(s) in the context of the proposed use, grading scheme, utility, and overall development scheme for the site versus the demonstrated negatives as associated with wall visibility from public highways, frequented [by the public] public spaces, buildings, or yards or courtyards associated with a building, or outdoor area where multiple persons, on a reasonably frequent and regular basis, gather, or are expected to gather, for reasonably identifiable and specific events or purposes; (e.g., performance, ceremony, or other event venues, organized recreation venues, etc.) This criteria shall be considered to be met where the Commission determines that such positives outweigh such negatives.

(9) Where appropriate rights exist on an adjacent property (e.g. an easement, etc.) allowing an encroachment which would otherwise be prohibited per this section, then the limits of the particular right shall function as the operable "property line" for the subject matter as related to this section.

§ 470-708 Traffic and visibility at intersections and driveways.

A. Purpose. This section is intended to enhance public safety and minimize congestion on public streets by requiring traffic impact analysis of development and mitigation measures where appropriate.

B. Traffic analysis required.

(1) For a special permit use, the applicant shall provide a traffic impact analysis, in accordance with the Institute of Transportation Engineers requirements for traffic impact studies. Such analysis shall evaluate traffic generated by a proposed development and its probable impact on existing roads and intersections in the area for:

[Amended 12-21-2022]

(a) Any proposed nonresidential development containing a gross floor area of 10,000 square feet or more;

(b) Any development which, in the Commission's judgment, could generate high levels of traffic, exacerbate existing traffic conditions, or create a traffic safety issue; or

(c) Any intersection that would have 100 or more vehicles trips in a peak hour.

(2) The traffic analysis shall be prepared by a professional traffic engineer and shall include:

(a) Past and present roadway conditions including location and number of accidents;

(b) Existing and projected traffic volumes (average daily traffic, peak a.m. and p.m.);

(c) Existing roadway capacity; volume and capacity ratios;

(d) Estimates of vehicle miles traveled, and vehicle trips generated that assesses:

[Added 12-21-2022[1]]

[1] The anticipated traffic impact of the proposed development; and

[2] Potential mitigation strategies, such as reducing the amount of required parking for a development or requiring public sidewalks, crosswalks, bicycle paths, bicycle racks or bus shelters, including off-site;

[1] Editor's Note: This ordinance also redesignated former Subsection B(2)(d) and (e) as Subsection B(2)(e) and (f), respectively.

(e) Proposed sight lines; and

(f) All calculations shall be based on facts and reasonable generation factors of the site, affected road networks, and intersections.

(3) In analyzing potential traffic impacts, the Commission shall consider:

(a) The effect of the proposed development on traffic conditions on abutting streets and any nearby intersections that would have 100 or more vehicle trips in a peak hour;

(b) The patterns of vehicular circulation in relation to the adjoining street system;

(c) The adequacy of:

[1] Traffic signalization, traffic channelization, left-turn lanes and roadway widths of adjoining streets;

[2] Vehicular stacking lanes and/or distances;

[3] Pedestrian drop-off areas; and

[4] Other traffic or transportation facilities to accommodate the proposed development.

(d) Anticipated traffic impact of the proposed development and potential mitigation strategies.

[Added 12-21-2022]

(4) A significant traffic impact shall be presumed where the projected traffic volume:

(a) (Reserved)[2]

[2] Editor's Note: Former Subsection B(4)(a), regarding causing the study area to exceed the project volume/capacity ratio, was repealed 12-21-2022.

(b) Increases the study area intersection/roadway peak hour volume by 15% for intersections/roadways with an existing peak hour volume over 100, and by 25% for those lower than 100.

[Amended 12-21-2022]

(c) Reduces the projected peak hour level of service to "D" or lower for the overall intersection as defined by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) for automobiles.

(5) The Commission shall not approve a proposed development with a significant traffic impact unless:

(a) The Commission finds that the development satisfies the special permit criteria and would enhance the character surrounding neighborhood; or

(b) The proposal is revised to mitigate the adverse impacts (such as limiting the number of curb cuts along heavily trafficked roads, widening roadway lanes, adding roadway lanes, adding turning lanes, providing signal modifications, providing traffic signalization, or similar improvements).

C. Visibility at intersections and driveway obstructions.

(1) Intersections:

(a) On a corner lot in any district, no planting, snow, structure, fence, walls or obstructions to vision more than three feet in height shall be placed or maintained within the triangular area formed by the intersecting street lines and a straight line connecting points of said street lines, each of which points is 25 feet distance from the point of intersection.

Diagram 470-708C(1) - Visibility at Intersections

(b) Any obstruction to vision which in the opinion of the Canton Traffic Authority is a traffic hazard shall be removed as a violation of these regulations.

(2) Driveways. In order to provide adequate room for emergency vehicles to turn into driveways and access all buildings and parcels within the Town of Canton, all new driveways (including alleys, private roads, and other access ways) shall provide the following minimum clearances for emergency vehicles, regardless of the paved width of the driveway:

(a) No building, fence, wall, lamp post, telephone pole, mailbox, sign, or other structure, nor any trees, boulders, or other obstructions shall be erected, placed or installed alongside any driveway so as to reduce the access to less than 14 feet wide at any point;

(b) No building, fence, trees, boulders or other obstructions shall be erected, placed, or installed within the triangular areas on either side of the driveway at its intersection within the travel portion of the road, formed by connecting the outer points of a line measured 25 feet on the road, (centered on the driveway), and a parallel line 14 feet wide (centered on the driveway) at a distance of 25 feet from the travel portion of the road [Diagram 708C(2)];

(c) If buildings are on the lot within 50 feet from the traveled portion of the road and can be easily accessed from the road, the Commission may exempt the parcel from the requirements of this section as part of any site plan approval; and

(d) Any bridge or culvert in the travel portion of the driveway shall provide enough width to accommodate modern day fire apparatus and be able to sustain the weight of a static fire service engine or tanker.

Diagram 470-708C(2) - Driveway Obstructions

§ 470-709 Bicycle, pedestrian, and emergency accommodations.

A. Purpose. The purpose of this section is to promote and support access by bicycle and walking throughout the Town of Canton, and to require proper provisions for handicapped persons.

B. Applicability. All development shall be designed to provide safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle access as part of any site design, including safe and convenient pedestrian and bicycle movement to and from public walkways and/or bikeways or streets, and between developed lots.

C. Pedestrian design standards.

(1) Unless modified in accordance with this section, pedestrian access to the lot and along all street frontages, sidewalks, and to and from and in-between individual buildings within the site shall:

(a) Be provided from a system of convenient and safe pedestrian ways, and

(b) Be incorporated into landscaping plans for any site development plan or parking area in accordance with the standards set forth below.

(2) Such pedestrian ways and sidewalks shall:

(a) Be at least four feet in width except if located perpendicular to parking spaces in which case it shall be:

[1] At least six feet in width; or

[2] Protected by concrete wheel stops or other methods to ensure that a four-foot clear width is maintained.

(b) Provide safe separation or delineation from motor vehicle traffic through the use of raised sidewalks and/or landscaping between sidewalks and parking spaces and/or driving aisles except that such pedestrian ways and sidewalks may be flush with adjacent pavement where necessary to facilitate wheelchair and shopping cart access if concrete wheel stops or traffic control devices, including line striping and signage are provided;

(c) Be constructed of concrete or other decorative-type paving material except bituminous materials, except that stone dust and bituminous concrete pavement may be used as part of an existing multi-shared-use path or any immediate connection to any such path;

(d) Be connected to the public sidewalk at the street or street right-of-way;

(e) Be designed, constructed, and maintained to accommodate disabled individuals per the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements;

(f) Provide wherever possible for connections to adjacent lots, neighborhoods, or public or private way that accommodates pedestrian traffic; and

(g) Include pedestrian warning signs and adequate lighting, where appropriate.

(3) Pedestrian crossings shall be demarcated through the use of raised pavers, textured concrete, pavement markings, pedestrian warning signs, and lighting.

(4) Plantings, benches, and lighting shall be provided along walkways and at pedestrian crossings.

(5) The maintenance of public sidewalks, including the clearing of snow, ice, sand, or ashes, is the responsibility of the adjacent property owner (See Chapter 375 of the Town of Canton Town Code).

(6) For pedestrian traffic, the Commission, after considering the potential impact on abutting lot owners may:

(a) Require extension of walkways to nearby residential areas; and/or

(b) Require walls, fences or similar architectural elements to be installed to prevent pedestrian traffic from cutting through adjacent residential properties.

(c) If it is determined that pedestrian ways and/or sidewalks are either impractical or unnecessary considering potential pedestrian traffic at that location, then the Commission may waive any requirement of this section by a 2/3rds affirmative vote as part of the approval of either a site plan, special permit, subdivision, or design district;

D. Bicycle parking design standards.

(1) Bicycle parking facilities shall be provided as part of any new construction, changes of use, or substantial improvements for the following:

(a) Multidwelling unit developments of four dwelling units or more;

(b) Development within business, industrial, municipal community facilities, and any design districts;

(c) Transit oriented development, transit transfer stations, park-and-ride lots; and

(d) New development that is within 1,000 feet of the Farmington River Trail, the Farmington Valley Greenway or other regional bicycle route.

(2) Bicycle parking facilities as part of any new construction, changes of use, or substantial improvements, shall be provided in the ratio of one bicycle parking place for every 20 parking spaces, or portion thereof, required under Table 470-702C.

(3) When provided, bicycle parking spaces shall:

(a) Provide a convenient place to lock a bicycle, and shall be at least six feet long, two feet wide, and shall provide at least seven feet of vertical clearance, unless a bicycle locker is provided;

(b) Provide a secure and appropriate bar or similar surface area to which most bicycle locks may be attached;

(c) Be capable of supporting the bicycle frame in an upright position and be securely anchored to a supporting surface;

(d) Not interfere with pedestrian circulation and shall be separated from automobile parking;

(e) Located within view of building entrances or in view of windows;

(f) Be located at least three feet from any wall or obstruction; and

(g) Be illuminated for safety.

(4) For any use where bicycle parking is required, if the vehicular parking is covered or partly covered, the bicycle parking spaces will be covered at the same ratio.

(5) Bicycle parking spaces shall be located near each main building entrance, and in an area that is highly visible.

(6) When provided, bicycle parking shall be accessible by safe and convenient connections to and from the street, sidewalk, trail or other public or private way which accommodates such traffic.

E. Emergency standards.

(1) Suitable provision shall be made on the lot for access to lots, buildings and other structures by fire, police and emergency services.

(2) Suitable provision shall be made for fire hydrants, fire ponds, water tanks or access to other water sources for fire protection.

§ 470-710 Outdoor display, dining, and storage areas.

A. Purpose. This section is intended to protect property values, enhance, and protect from deterioration, the physical appearance and scenic beauty of the community, to provide more open areas, and provide a more enjoyable and pleasing community; to reduce clutter, sign or advertising distractions and obstructions that may contribute to traffic accidents, or cause other hazards.

B. Outdoor display/outdoor dining/outdoor storage areas.

(1) Unless otherwise authorized elsewhere in these regulations, there shall be no outdoor display areas, outdoor sales, outdoor dining, and outdoor storage areas.

(2) In accordance with this section, the Commission may, by special permit approve the outdoor display of merchandise and storage of equipment accessory to a principal use in all Business and Industrial Districts, and design districts.

(3) Outdoor display, outdoor storage, and outdoor dining areas, except as otherwise allowed by and subject to the requirements of C.G.S. § 8-1cc, shall comply with the following standards:

[Amended 8-30-2023]

(a) Such areas shall be permitted only where clearly depicted on an approved site plan.

(b) Permanent structures and temporary structures may be allowed in outdoor display areas if approved as part of this special permit approval by the Commission.

(c) All such areas shall be adequately separated from motor vehicle routes by a physical barrier visible to drivers and pedestrians.

(d) Such on building aprons, walkways, and sidewalks must maintain an adequate minimum walkway width between the display items and any vehicle drives.

(e) Such areas shall not conflict with pedestrian or vehicular circulation.

(f) Merchandise, equipment and materials shall not be displayed within the minimum yard setbacks.

(g) Merchandise, equipment, and materials, may not be displayed or stored in parking areas, or on sidewalks adjacent to facade walls, except in screened display, sales, and storage areas. This prohibition shall not apply to short-term seasonal and temporary events as approved by the Commission.

(4) If the Commission finds the outdoor display area is significant in size, visibility, or as a percent of business, the Commission may require that the outdoor display, outdoor sales, or outdoor storage areas be enclosed by screening with materials and colors matching the main building.

(5) The merchandise, equipment and materials displayed shall be directly related to the business activity on the lot and shall not promote or advertise off-site businesses, services, or products.

(6) Outdoor displays shall not include signs.

(7) Illumination of outdoor display and storage areas shall comply with § 470-704.

(8) The outdoor display and storage area shall be considered additional retail space and impervious coverage and thus shall be included in parking, coverage and other applicable requirement, with the exception of outdoor display of automobiles.

(9) Exceptions.

(a) Decorative items that are not for sale that relate to or complement the business but do not represent a display of merchandise are permitted.

(10) Seasonal/temporary displays.

(a) Seasonal and temporary displays of merchandise, less than 200 square feet in area, and maintained for less than seven days, consecutive or otherwise, may be approved by a zoning permit.

(b) Seasonal and temporary displays of merchandise greater than 200 square feet in area shall be limited to 45 consecutive days and 90 total days during a calendar year, upon approval of a site plan by the Commission.

(11) Waiver. The Commission may modify or waive any portion of this section upon making a finding that the proposed outdoor display area has been designed in consideration of these regulations and are sufficient to carry out the purpose of this section (§ 470-710).

§ 470-711 Mobile vendors.

[Amended 7-15-2022]

A. Purpose. This section is intended to regulate the location and frequency of mobile vending operations in order to protect the public health, safety, and welfare.

B. Definitions. The following definitions supplement relevant definitions from § 470-202 and are solely applicable to this § 470-711.

DEVELOPED AREA

An area of a lot that has been designed, modified, and/or intended to support vehicles.

C. Applicability. This section applies to mobile vending operations. This section does not apply to:

(1) Vendors authorized by Town ordinance to be located on public rights-of-way;

(2) Vendors that are officially approved by a bona fide non-profit farmer's market;

(3) Community events that occur on an annual basis, and

(4) Lemonade stands and similar facilities run by minors.

D. Standards:

(1) Prior to the commencement of operations, all mobile vendors, shall demonstrate compliance to the ZEO with the following as part of a zoning permit application in accordance with § 470-908:

(a) Documented permission from the owner of the property on which the vending will occur;

(b) The make, model and license plate number of the vehicle or vehicles to be used for vending;

(c) A statement of use, indicating what will be sold;

(d) All appropriate state licenses and permits required for the sale of the types of items being sold;

(e) A narrative and plan demonstrating compliance with the standards of these regulations;

(f) A statement from the Canton Fire Marshal indicating compliance with any applicable safety requirements;

(g) The approval of a peddler's license issued by the Town of Canton in accordance with Chapter 328 of the Town Code, as amended;

(h) The approval of the Farmington Valley Health District;

(i) Copies of any additional approvals required under § 470-711;

(j) A statement declaring the start and end date for the duration of such permit.

[1] Such permit shall be limited in duration for a calendar year, subject to annual renewal, at the determination of the ZEO, provided the permit holder is operating in compliance with the regulations.

(2) Locational standards.

(a) Vendors are permitted to operate on private property as an accessory use to a principal use on the developed area of the lot.

(b) Vendors are permitted to operate at an establishment that sells alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption, such as a brewery or winery.

(c) Vendors are permitted on individual lots owned by the Town when permission has been granted by the owner.

(d) Vendors are not permitted on lots located in the R Districts, unless accessory to a preexisting institutional or business use.

(e) There shall be no more than one vendor per 1/2 acre of developed area per lot. (See Subsection D, Food truck parks.)

(f) The vendor shall provide an adequate plan (or a suitable substitute determined to be acceptable by the ZEO) indicating the location of the vendor(s) use and activities (vending area) in relation to buildings, sidewalks, applicable setbacks, parking spaces, driveways and other site improvements.

(g) Vendors must demonstrate that they have an unobstructed area of at least 15 feet from the vending window open to the public and 10 feet from the adjacent sides or portable structure on which the sale occurs, to allow potential customers to approach the vehicle safely and to queue without obstructing traffic or creating a danger to themselves or others.

(h) Vendors may place portable structures, tables or other seating, umbrellas, trash receptacles, temporary restroom facilities, or similar devices at their location provided that these items are shown on the plan, located entirely on the private property, and do not obstruct pedestrian pathways, create obstructions, or conflict with other operators on the site.

(i) Any tables, umbrellas, trash receptacles, or similar devices placed outside of existing permitted structures must be stored, when not in active use, inside a permitted structure or duly registered motor vehicle or trailer.

(j) There shall be adequate off-street parking for patrons of existing establishments and those of the vendor.

(k) The vendor shall provide adequate trash containers on the lot, and shall be responsible for maintaining a litter-free condition on the entire lot associated with this use. Any trash, litter, debris or refuse directly associated with the vendor, found in surrounding areas, shall be the responsibility of the vendor. Vendors are responsible for the cleanup of all litter associated with the items they sell.

(l) All trash containers, signs, and other personal property used in connection with vendors (the "vendors property") shall not be located more than 15 feet from the vending window.

(m) The location of any vending vehicle, cart, trash container, sign, etc. shall not obstruct line of sight or flow of traffic both on- and off-site and shall not obstruct the use of any required driveway, or walkway.

(n) The vendor shall be limited to one temporary freestanding sign, not to exceed eight square feet, subject to the standards of § 470-703.

(o) Vendors may connect to electricity and water supply at their location, provided they have the written consent of the owner of said facilities, all necessary permits have been obtained and, in the case of water supply, the approval of the Farmington Valley Health District or Connecticut Water Company.

(p) Vendors shall not create any noise, smoke, odor, toxic fumes, vibration, radio interference or other unsuitable conditions that creates a public health or safety concern, public nuisance, or otherwise would degrade the properties at their location.

(q) Vendors shall be limited in their hours of operation from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Sunday through Thursday, 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Friday and Saturday. Set-up of the site shall not commence before 6:00 a.m. and break-down shall be completed no later than 11:00 p.m. Vendors shall not leave any conveyance or stand unattended during operating hours.

E. Food truck parks:

(1) Food truck parks may be established through the granting of a special permit and site plan within any business, industrial and design district (meaning design districts adopted under Article V and adopted design village districts under C.G.S. § 8-2j).

(2) Space definition and location:

(a) The area of the food truck must be clearly defined and separated from the patron parking area through the installation of a fence or other enclosure which maintains an open appearance and is a maximum of five feet in height.

(b) The vending area for food trucks must be either a paved or gravel surface.

(c) Food truck park operators are encouraged to provide for an aesthetically pleasing environment which includes shade and seating elements in addition to pervious groundcover.

(d) A permanent area for patron seating must be provided allowing, at a minimum, eight seats per vendor.

(e) Food truck parks may have a pavilion or other permanent structure in order to provide shelter for patrons and operators, provided said structure meets setback requirements for the underlying zone. All temporary structures, such as tents, are prohibited unless established as part of the approved special permit and site plan, and are approved by the Fire Marshal prior to installation.

(3) Operations:

(a) All food truck parks must be ADA accessible.

(b) All food trucks planned to be on site on any given day shall be parked and fully set up prior to the park opening to the public. At the close of business, all such vehicles shall be removed from the park. As part of the special permit request, the Commission may modify this requirement to be consistent with an anticipated management plan of the food truck park manager.

(c) The hours of operation for a food truck park shall be limited to 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. Food trucks may arrive at the park one hour prior to opening to the public and must vacate the park no later than one hour after closing to the public unless the vehicle is permitted to stay as noted above.

(d) There must be a designated manager of the site who is responsible for the orderly setup of food trucks, the cleanliness of the site, and the site's compliance with all rules and regulations during business hours. Contact information for the designated manager shall be made available to Town staff upon approval of the park and as needed thereafter if personnel changes.

(e) At least two permanent restrooms within 200 feet of each food truck must be made accessible to food truck park patrons while the food truck park is open.

(f) Patron parking must be provided at a rate of one space for every four seats in the seating area. The patron parking area must be a paved or gravel surface.

(g) The food truck park must not cause objectionable levels of noise.

(h) At least one electrical outlet shall be required at each designated food truck parking space, and have approval of the Canton Building Department.

(i) Public address systems or other systems intended to convey verbal messages through the use of amplified sound shall be prohibited. If an applicant seeking approval of a food truck park proposes to provide any form of music or entertainment for the benefit of patrons, it shall so state in its application and shall provide specific details regarding the manner in which it is to be provided. Restrictions may be imposed upon the playing of music or entertainment as appropriate given the location of the food truck park or any other circumstances that the Commission deems to be relevant.

(j) If an applicant seeking approval of a food truck park proposes to provide any source of heat for the benefit of patrons, it shall so state in its application and shall provide the Commission with a plan, approved by the Fire Marshal, for the placement and operation of said heaters as well as for the storage of fuel used by said heaters.

(k) Lighting shall be limited to that level which is necessary to illuminate the food truck park for patrons and staff. Flashing/blinking lights shall be prohibited.

(l) Signs: One on-premises sign is permitted at the entrance(s) identifying the food truck park, subject to the sign regulations for the applicable zoning district. Each food truck may have its own signage for the purpose of being visible internal to the lot. Individual food truck signage intended to be accessory or supplemental to the principal identification signage of the property is prohibited.

(m) Maintenance: The food truck park shall be kept clear of litter, food scraps or other debris at all times. Sweeping debris or spilled materials into the gutters of public streets shall be prohibited.

(n) At least one waste receptacle shall be provided for each mobile food vending vehicle and shall be emptied whenever full and at park closing. The food truck park shall also be equipped with a commercial dumpster into which bags from individual waste receptacles can be deposited. The commercial dumpster shall be located outside of the designated patron area and shall be appropriately screened.

(o) Tables, chairs and umbrellas shall be of durable commercial-grade materials, sufficiently weighted to avoid displacement by wind.

(p) Umbrellas may be used to shade tables, provided that the drip edge thereof is located at least seven feet above the ground.

§ 470-712 Hours of operation and outdoor lighting.

A. Purpose. This section is intended to regulate the location and frequency of business and other operations in order to protect the rural tradition and character of the Town.

B. Applicability.

(1) This section applies to all business and industrial uses regardless of the district.

(2) These hours of operations shall not apply if a special permit approval has established more restricted hours of operation.

(3) This section shall not limit the Commission's ability to establish more restrictive hours of operation in order to ensure a use complies with the special permit criteria of § 470-902E.

(4) These hours of operation shall not apply to animal or human emergency medical care facilities which may be open for business 24 hours per day, unless otherwise established.

C. Standards.

(1) Regardless of the district, retail and services businesses and restaurants shall be closed to the public between the hours of 2:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. Further, in a Residential District, any premise conducting business shall be closed to the public between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m.

(2) Trash compaction or similar operations shall be permitted between the hours of 7:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Trash compaction between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. may be approved by the Commission when the applicant has submitted evidence that sound barriers between all areas for such operations effectively reduce noise emission levels to a peak level of 45 decibels, as measured at the property line.

(3) Staging, loading or idling of commercial vehicles in a loading area is prohibited between the hours of 9:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. The Commission may modify this requirement if the applicant can demonstrate special circumstances warrant such modification and the Commission finds that such modification complies with the special exception criteria of § 470-902E.

(4) Unless otherwise approved as part of a business or non-business hour lighting plan under § 470-704C, hours of outdoor lighting shall be limited to between 1/2 hour prior to the time such business is open to the public to 1/2 hour after the close of such business to the public.

§ 470-713 Stormwater management.

[Amended 12-20-2023; 1-21-2026]

A. Purpose and general requirements.

(1) The following stormwater management requirements are established to minimize the negative environmental and other impacts due to, and to protect public health, safety and general welfare where threats thereto may be created or exacerbated by, altered stormwater runoff as a result of development.

(2) Stormwater management for a particular site/location shall be encompassed in a compliant stormwater management plan (SWMP) for that site/location. The SWMP shall be compliant with and satisfy all applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, and standards. The SWMP shall prioritize and further the following objectives:

(a) Maximize low impact development (LID) principles and techniques.

(b) Minimize potential for increased flooding or flood damage in any location.

(c) Preserve existing natural drainage patterns and pre-development site hydrology.

(d) Maximize groundwater recharge.

(e) Minimize soil erosion and sedimentation potential as a result of site development and operations.

(f) Preventing pollution in various forms as may be associated with stormwater as a result of site development and operations.

(g) Preserving, maintaining, and enhancing the positive environmental, biological, recreational, functional, and aesthetic characteristics and benefits of surface waters, wetlands, buffer zones, and related features.

(h) Assuring the adequacy of the proposed stormwater facilities and any existing stormwater facilities that may be affected as a result of site development and operations.

(i) Providing proper maintenance to stormwater facilities installed to ensure benefits over time.

(3) All stormwater management related plans and design shall:

(a) Meet the requirements of this § 470-713.

(b) Apply sound engineering practices and judgement.

(c) Utilize the latest and most appropriate accepted industry standard techniques, methods, and means.

(d) Be prepared and appropriately certified by a licensed engineer in the State of Connecticut.

B. Applicability.

(1) The provisions of this section shall apply to any new or modification development that creates or effectively replaces* impervious areas or other surface areas, exposed to rainfall and that may affect the quantity or quality of stormwater runoff from a site, in aggregate subsequent to January 9, 2024, in an amount greater than 15,000 square feet. (*NOTE: Pavement rehabilitation that removes less than 50% of the thickness of the hardscape pavement depth shall not be considered replacement.)

(a) The provisions of this section shall not apply to Bonafide agricultural uses, as determined by the Zoning Enforcement Officer.

C. Reference standards. The following reference standards and requirements shall apply, and the same are incorporated herein as applicable, in order of priority:

(1) Applicable federal and state laws and regulations, and applicable local laws.

(2) The provisions of any applicable federal or state regulatory approval or enforcement action.

(3) These Regulations and the provisions of any applicable local approval or enforcement action.

(4) Any applicable standards, details, requirements, or other such documents issued by the Director of Public Works and promulgated on the webpages associated with Public Works on the Town website (www.townofcanton.org).

(5) The 2023 edition of the Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual (CT_SWQM), issued by the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (CTDEEP), (publication date of September 30, 2023,) including any amendments or supplements duly issued thereto. The provisions of this document are incorporated as required standards.

(6) The 2023 edition of the Connecticut Guidelines for Soil Erosion & Sediment Control (CT_SESCG), issued by the Council on Soils and Water Conservation in collaboration with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, (publication date of September 30, 2023) including any amendments or supplements duly issued thereto. The provisions of this document are incorporated as required standards.

(7) The chapters of the latest edition of the Connecticut Department of Transportation (CTDOT) Drainage Manual, including any amendments or supplements duly issued thereto, covering the following topics (with the chapter number as of January 2024 in parentheses): culverts (Chapters 4 and 8), channels (Chapter 7), bridges (Chapter 9), and storm drainage systems (Chapter 11). The provisions of this document are incorporated as required standards, as may be applicable.

D. Stormwater management plan (SWMP).

(1) A stormwater management plan prepared in accordance with Chapter 12 of the CT_SWQM shall be a required component of the site plan for all applicable development.

E. Hydrology.

(1) Design storm selection. The following design storms shall be used for subject facility design/purpose:

(a) Flood mitigation (i.e., avoiding negative effects of flooding on structures, roadways, sidewalks, and other facilities and spaces): 100-year storm.

(b) Detention/retention facilities and other stormwater facilities or means that effectively direct or convey stormwater offsite: two-, ten-, and 100-year twenty-four-hour storms; (unless it is determined that a shorter duration storm results in a more critical flow for evaluation.)

(c) Culverts: drainage area less than one square mile: fifty-year storm; others: 100-year storm.

(d) Other drainage systems or facilities: twenty-five-year storm.

(2) Precipitation Data: NOAA Atlas 14 and NOAA_D rainfall distribution data/information shall be used as appropriate for hydrologic analyses as set forth in Chapter 4 of the CT_SWQM.

(3) Hydrology methods.

(a) A number of various methods for hydrologic analysis are available; and the designer may use whatever method is deemed fit thereby in accordance with the general requirements hereof, with the following restrictions:

[1] The rational method may not be used for drainage basin areas larger than 10 acres.

[2] The rational method may not be used to size or route flows through stormwater storage or infiltration facilities or other similar purposes.

F. Stormwater collection and conveyance.

(1) Conduits.

(a) The following materials, when used for the manufacture or construction of conduits specifically designed for conveying storm drainage, are approved for use:

[1] Reinforced portland cement concrete; reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) shall be class IV or class V.

[2] Polyvinyl chloride pipe (pvc) per ASTM F794 or R949.

[3] Polypropylene pipe per AASHTO M330.

[4] Corrugated high density polyethylene pipe (HDPE) per AASHTO M294; except that HDPE is not allowed under Town roadways, parking lots, or similar Town facilities intended for vehicular traffic.

(b) Conduits composed of other materials may be approved if appropriateness for the particular circumstances is demonstrated.

(c) Minimum cover depths for reinforced concrete pipe shall be 1.75 feet under Town roadways, 1.5 feet under private roads and parking lots, and one foot elsewhere.

(d) Minimum and maximum cover depths for plastic pipes are provided on the Town standard detail for "Storm Drain Plastic Pipe - Bedding and Installation."

(e) Minimum slopes for enclosed conduits shall be 0.5%.

(f) Maximum flow velocity for the design storm shall be 12 feet per second.

(g) Minimum circular pipe size within or serving roadways or parking lots with more than eight parking spaces is 15 inches.

(2) Catch basins.

(a) All catch basins shall have four-foot sumps to trap sediment, unless otherwise approved for valid reason (e.g., utility conflict), and appropriate hoods per the CT-SWQM.

(b) Catch basins shall not be located in front of curb ramps or otherwise within intended walking paths, unless practically unavoidable. Where so unavoidable, special grates designed for pedestrian traffic shall be used.

(3) Collection and conveyance system calculations and modelling.

(a) Non-culvert subsurface conduits shall be designed to convey the flow from the design storm in free open channel flow, non-surcharged condition.

(b) Pipe inlets at catch basins with sumps will effectively function as culvert inlets; the lesser value between the inlet capacity at the upstream catch basin and the maximum free open channel flow capacity of a pipe shall be used in conveyance system calculations and modelling.

(c) Bypass flow shall be appropriately accounted for at catch basin grates at grade.

(d) All systems shall be evaluated for the 100-year flow:

[1] Determine where excess water will flow and what will be flooded.

[2] Problematic flooding should be avoided; flood waters shall not reach an elevation that will enter any existing or proposed building.

[3] Flood waters that end up in different locations than stormwater that is being conveyed by the drainage system shall be appropriately accounted for in the modelling.

G. Stormwater quality.

(1) The provisions of the CT_SWQM shall be complied with in the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of all stormwater facilities as relates to stormwater quality and treatment.

(2) As a point of emphasis, LID site planning and design shall be used to the "furthest degree possible," as set forth in the CT_SWQM. The Commission may, at its discretion, require an alternatives analysis to determine compliance with this requirement.

H. Stormwater quantity.

(1) Post development peak flow rate from the subject site to any downstream location shall not increase for the 100-year storm event.

(2) Peak flow rates from the subject site to any downstream location shall not increase for the two- or ten-year storm events, subject to:

(a) Any requirements from the Inland Wetlands and Watercourses Commission to maintain certain flow levels with respect to a downstream wetland, shallow water body, vernal pool, or small watercourse, etc.

(b) In circumstances where stormwater retention possibilities are appropriately limited, peak flow rates from the two- and/or ten-year storm events may be allowed increase by an insignificant amount where it is demonstrated that there is a practical advantage to the overall design of the peak flow attenuation system in doing so.

(c) Note: The CT_SWQM requirement to control the two-year peak flow rate to 50% of predevelopment rate is a goal, and this requirement is not globally applicable to these regulations.

(3) Flow characteristics to any downstream location shall not be altered so as to cause, or threaten to cause, damage, erosion, or other harm to any downstream location.

(4) Subject to § 470-713C(1), § 470-713C(2), and § 470-713H(2)(a) and any groundwater pollution concerns, stormwater retention shall be achieved to the "maximum extent achievable," as set forth in the CT_SWQM.

I. Shared stormwater management facilities.

(1) Where the Commission determines that technical, aesthetic, and/or economic factors make combined storm drainage management facilities more practical and beneficial, the Commission may permit multiple properties to construct, operate, and maintain joint facilities, provided that an acceptable maintenance agreement between the subject properties is filed on the Land Records.

J. Maintenance.

(1) All stormwater management facilities shall be properly maintained in a regular and timely manner in accordance with the approved stormwater management plan for the subject site and to keep the subject facilities functioning as intended. The property owner is responsible for ensuring that such maintenance activities are properly documented to demonstrate compliance.

(2) Stormwater management facilities and maintenance records shall be made available for inspection, in a timely manner upon notice, to Town staff endeavoring to enforce or monitor compliance with these regulations. The subject property owner, or their agents or representatives, shall cooperate fully with such inspection activities by or on behalf of the Commission.