Embedment materials both below and above the
bottom of the pipe, the classes of embedment to be used, and the placement
and compaction of embedment materials shall at a minimum conform to
the following requirements.
A. Embedment materials. Granular bedding material shall
be as specified hereinafter.
B. Placement and compaction.
(1)Â All granular fill material beneath the pipe shall
be spread and the surface graded to provide a uniform and continuous
support beneath the pipe at all points between bell holes or pipe
joints. It will be permissible to slightly disturb the finished subgrade
surface by the withdrawal of pipe slings or other lifting tackle.
(2)Â After each pipe has been graded, aligned and placed
in final position on the bedding material and shoved home, sufficient
pipe embedment material shall be deposited and compacted around each
side of the pipe and back of the bell or end thereof to firmly hold
and maintain the pipe in proper position and alignment during subsequent
pipe jointing, embedment and backfilling operations.
(3)Â Embedment material shall be deposited and compacted
uniformly and simultaneously on each side of the pipe to prevent lateral
displacement of the pipe and brought to the height above top of pipe
as shown on the details.
(4)Â Tamped pipe embedment material (that portion of the
embedment above the granular fill) shall be selected earth or granular
fill, free from sod, sticks, roots or rocks over three-fourths-inch
size, and to be of proper moisture content for compaction.
(5)Â Tamped pipe embedment material shall be compacted
to 90% of maximum density, except where trench backfill is specified
as 96% compacted backfill. In this case, the embedment material shall
be compacted to 96% maximum density.
General. All trench backfill above pipe embedment
shall conform to one of the following specifications:
A. New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) rights-of-way.
Work in, on or along rights-of-way belonging to the State of New Jersey
shall be governed by the rules and regulations of the New Jersey Department
of Transportation relating to the laying of pipe or construction of
other structures on their right-of-way. The contractor shall be responsible
for complying with said regulation and shall be fully responsible
to the NJDOT for any work preformed upon these rights-of-way. All
backfill within rights-of-way ditch lines shall be made with an approved
granular material.
B. County roads and rights-of-way. All work in county
roads and rights-of-way shall be governed by the rules and regulations
of Sussex County.
C. Street and road rights-of-way. All backfill for pipe
trenches between the ditch lines in street and road rights-of-way
shall be made with an approved granular material. If the contractor
elects to use excavated material for backfill, he shall mechanically
tamp the backfill in layers not exceeding the depth that can be properly
compacted by the equipment in use. The contractor shall demonstrate
the compaction technique and provide compaction tests at his expense
to determine the depth of layers to be placed.
D. Lawns and unimproved areas. All backfill for pipe
trenches in lawns and unimproved areas may be placed by any method
or combination of methods which will not impose excessive concentrated
or unbalanced loads, shock, impact on or displacement of the installed
pipe. Backfilling shall be completed in a manner to prevent trench
settlement. In fields and unimproved areas, the trench shall receive
reasonable compaction and may be mounded. The mounded area shall not
impound water or otherwise damage the property through which the pipeline
is constructed. The contractor shall maintain and clean up all work
through private property, and he shall be responsible for any damage.
The trenches shall be maintained for a period of one year after acceptance
of the entire contract.
E. Special compacted backfill. When directed in writing
by the Township, the following specifications shall prevail. Payment
shall be made by the unit price bid for special compacted backfill
as included in the bid schedule.
(1)Â Ninety-percent compacted backfill. Backfill material
shall be selected earth or granular fill material, free from sod,
sticks and roots over 1/2 inches in diameter, and free from hard lumps,
clods or rocks in such quantity or concentration as to interfere with
the specified compaction. Material shall be of proper moisture content
for specified compaction.
(a)Â
If specified density cannot be obtained with
available earth, the contractor shall furnish and haul granular fill
material or suitable earth at his expense. Unsuitable earth shall
be disposed of and transported in conformance with local, county and
state regulations.
(b)Â
Backfill shall be compacted to 90% of maximum
density. The Township will call for density tests to be made whenever
deemed necessary. The specified density will be the minimum allowed
and the obtainment thereof will be entirely the contractor's responsibility.
(c)Â
Thickness of backfill layers will be determined
by the coordination of test results with field performance and equipment
used. The contractor shall maintain established procedures except
where unusual conditions arise. If greater than twelve-inch-thick
compacted layers are used, the contractor shall hand excavate to the
test level as directed by the Township Inspector and then refill the
test excavation with compacted backfill to the specified density.
(2)Â Ninety-six percent compacted backfill. Specification is the same as in Subsection
E(1) except that 96% of maximum density is required.
Backfill around structures shall meet the same
requirements as for the pipeline connected thereto. Methods used shall
be such as not to damage the structure or cause the structure to float
due to hydrostatic uplift.
Excavated material in excess of that required
for backfill, fill or other purposes, including any stored surplus,
shall be disposed of properly. Conformance with local, county and
state regulations relative to disposal and transport of materials
shall be observed.