A.
Sewer pipe material. Sewer pipe material shall be:
(1)
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe. Heavy wall pipe shall be made from Class 12454-B materials, or better, in accordance with ANSI/ASTM Specification D-1784. Pipe and accessories shall conform to the requirements of the following, with minimum pipe stiffness of forty-six (46) psi at maximum deflection of five (5%) percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D-2412. Pipe shall have SDR classification of 35.
Pipe Diameters: | |||
ANSI/ASTM | D 3034 | (4” - 15”) | |
ASTM | F 679 Type I | (18” - 27”) |
(2)
Ductile iron pipe. Pipe, fittings and specials shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM Specification A-746. Pipe shall have minimum thickness of Class 50. Fittings shall conform to ANSI Specification A-21.11 and have minimum pressure class of one hundred fifty (150) psi. All pipe and fittings shall be cement mortar lined in accordance with ANSI Specification A-21.4, at twice the specified thickness, and have internal and external bituminous seal coating. Closure pieces shall be jointed by means of mechanical coupling of the cast sleeve type.
(3)
Vitrified clay pipe - extra strength. Standard strength vitrified clay pipe shall not be used. Pipe shall conform to current requirements of National Clay Pipe Institute (NCPI) Specification ER 3300-67 and meet requirements of ASTM Specification C 700.
(4)
Other pipe materials. Other pipe materials require prior written approval of the Superintendent before being installed.
B.
Sewer construction. All sewers shall be constructed as follows:
(1)
Minimum internal pipe diameter shall be eight (8) inches for gravity sewers and two (2) inches for low pressure sewers.
(2)
Joints for the selected pipe shall be designed and manufactured such that O-ring gaskets of the snap-on type are used.
(3)
Gaskets shall be continuous, solid, natural or synthetic rubber and shall provide a positive compression seal in the assembled joint, such that the requirements of the appropriate section of this chapter are met.
(4)
Joint preparation and assembly shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
(5)
Wye branch fittings, as approved by the Superintendent, shall be installed, for connection of street laterals, in accordance with the appropriate section of this chapter.
(6)
Selection of pipe class.
(a)
Selection of pipe class shall be predicated on the following minimum criteria:
(b)
Utilizing the foregoing, design shall be made as outlined in Chapter IX of the Water Environment Federation Manual of Practice No. 9, latest edition, Design and Construction of Sanitary and Storm Sewers, and the pipe shall have sufficient structural strength to support all loads to be placed on the pipe, with a safety factor as specified above. PVC pipe shall not be encased in concrete due to their different coefficients of linear thermal expansion.
(7)
Cleanouts for low pressure sewers shall be placed at intervals of approximately four hundred (400) to five hundred (500) feet, at major changes of direction, where one collection main joins another main, and at the upstream end of each main branch.
(8)
The design of the cleanouts shall be as approved by the Superintendent.
(9)
Design of all manholes shall be submitted to the Superintendent and shall receive approval prior to placement.
(10)
Manholes shall be placed where there is a change in slope or alignment, and at intervals not exceeding four hundred (400) linear feet for sewers fifteen (15) inches in diameter or less, except as authorized by the Superintendent. Greater spacing may be allowed for larger diameter sewers.
(11)
Manhole bases shall be constructed or placed on a minimum of six (6) inches of crusher run max, one-half (1/2) inch stone free of organic materials.
(12)
Manhole bases shall be constructed of four thousand (4,000) psi (twenty-eight day) concrete eight (8) inches thick, or shall be precast bases properly bedded in the excavation. Field constructed bases shall be monolithic, properly reinforced and extend at least six (6) inches beyond the outside walls of lower manhole sections. Precast manhole bases shall extend at least six (6) inches beyond the outside walls of lower manhole sections.
(13)
Manholes.
(a)
Manholes shall be constructed using precast minimum four-foot-diameter concrete manhole barrel sections, and an eccentric top section, conforming to ASTM Specification C-478, with the following exceptions on wall thickness:
Manhole Diameter (feet) | Wall Thickness (inches) | |
|---|---|---|
4 | 5 | |
5 | 6 | |
6 | 7 | |
6 1/2 | 7 1/2 | |
7 | 8 | |
8 | 9 |
(b)
All sections shall be cast solid, without lifting holes. Flat top slabs shall be a minimum of eight (8) inches thick and shall be capable of supporting a H-20 loading.
(14)
All joints between sections shall be sealed with an O-ring rubber gasket, meeting the same specifications as pipe joint gaskets, or butyl joint sealant completely filling the joint.
(15)
All joints shall be sealed against infiltration. All metal parts shall be thickly coated with bitumastic or elastomeric compound to prevent corrosion.
(16)
No holes shall be cut into the manhole sections closer than six (6) inches from joint surfaces.
(17)
Manholes which extend above grade not have an eccentric top section. The top slab shall be large enough to accommodate the cover lifting device and the cover.
(18)
The elevation of the top section shall be such that the cover frame top elevation is zero and five-tenths (0.5) foot above the one-hundred-year flood elevation (in a field), zero and five-tenths (0.5) foot above a lawn elevation, or at firnished road or sidewalk grade. The area around the manhole shall be graded so as not to create a tripping hazard.
(19)
When located in a travelled area (road or sidewalk), the manhole frame and cover shall be heavy-duty cast iron. When located in a lawn or in a field, the manhole frame and cover may be light duty cast iron. The cover shall be twenty-four (24) inches, minimum, in diameter. The mating surfaces shall be machined and painted with tar pitch varnish. The cover shall not rock in the frame. Infiltration between the cover and frame shall be prevented by proper design and painting. Cover shall have "Sanitary Sewer" cast into them. Covers shall have lifting holes suitable for any lifting/jacking device. The lifting holes shall be designed so that infiltration is prevented.
(20)
A drop of at least zero and one-tenth (0.10) foot shall be provided between incoming and outgoing sewers on all junction manholes and on manholes with bends greater than forty-five degrees (45°).
(21)
Inverts and shelves/benches shall be placed after testing the manholes and sewers.
(22)
Benches shall be level and slope to the flow channel at about one (1) inch per foot.
(23)
The minimum depth of the flow channel shall be the nominal diameter of the smaller pipe. The channel shall have a steel trowel finish. The flow channel shall have a smooth curvature from inlet to outlet.
(24)
Manhole frames, installed at grade, shall be set in a full bed of mortar with no less than two (2) nor more than four (4) courses of concrete brick underneath to allow for later elevation adjustment. In lieu of concrete brick, grade rings may be used for elevation adjustment. Grade rings shall not exceed six (6) inches in height. The total number of grade rings shall not exceed twelve (12) inches in height; however, in no event shall more than three (3) grade rings be used.
(25)
Manholes which extend above grade shall have the frames cast into the manhole top slab. The frame shall be securely anchored to the manhole barrel, by a minimum of six (6) one-half-inch corrosion-resistant anchor bolts, to prevent overturning when the cover is removed. The anchor bolts shall be electrically isolated from the manhole frame and cover.
(26)
Internal drop pipes and fittings shall be PVC plastic sewer pipe in compliance with ASTM D2241. Corrosion-resistant anchors shall be used to attach the drop pipe to the inside surface of the manhole barrel. The design of the drop pipe assembly shall be submitted to the Superintendent and shall receive approval prior to installation.
(27)
Force mains serving sewage lifting devices, such as grinder pumps and pump stations, shall be designed in accordance with the appropriate section of this chapter. Additional design requirements are:
(a)
Force main pipe material shall be:
[1]
Ductile iron pipe.
[a]
Pipe shall conform to ANSI A21.51. The minimum wall thickness shall be Class 52 (ANSI A21.50). The pipe shall be clearly marked with either "D" or "DUCTILE. "Fittings shall conform to ANSI A21.10.
[b]
Pipe and fittings shall be furnished with push-on joints conforming to ANSI A21.11.
[c]
Pipe and fittings shall be cement mortar lined and have an internal and external bituminous seal coating.
[2]
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe. Pipe shall conform to ASTM D2241. Materials used in the manufacture of PVC pipe shall meet ASTM C1784. The minimum wall thickness shall be SDR-21. Fittings shall conform to ASTM D2241. Joints and gaskets shall conform to ASTM D2241, D1869 and F477.
[3]
Other pipe materials. Other pipe materials require prior written approval of the Superintendent before being installed.
[4]
Trenching, bedding and backing shall be in accordance with the appropriate section of this chapter.
(b)
Joint preparation and assembly shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions.
(c)
Anchorages, concrete blocking and/or mechanical restraint shall be provided when there is a change of direction of twenty-two and one-half degrees (22 1/2°) or greater.
(d)
Drain valves shall be placed at low points.
(e)
Automatic air relief valves be placed at high points and at four-hundred-foot intervals on level force main runs.
(f)
Air relief and valves shall be suitably protected from freezing.
(g)
When the daily average design detention time, in the force main, exceeds twenty (20) minutes, the manhole and sewer line receiving the force main discharge or the sewage shall be treated so that corrosion of the manhole and the existing line are prevented.
(h)
The force shall terminate, in the receiving manhole, at a PVC plastic sewer pipe T. The vertical arms of the T shall be twice the diameter of the force main. The upper arm shall be at least four (4) feet long; the lower arm shall terminate in a PVC plastic sewer pipe ninety-degree elbow in a flow channel directed to the manhole exit pipe. The T and its arms shall be securely fastened to the inside surface of the manhole wall using corrosion-resistant anchors.
(i)
All force mains shall be subjected to hydrostatic pressure of seventy-five (75) psi minimum, or one hundred fifty (150%) percent of the normal operating pressure, whichever is greater. The duration of the test, at pressure, shall be at least six (6) hours. Alternate test conditions are to subject the force main to a hydrostatic pressure of two hundred (200) psi for two (2) hours without leakage. Before conducting the test, the pipe shall be filled with water, and all air shall be expelled. During the test, water shall be added, as needed, to maintain the test pressure. The amount of water added shall be recorded so as to calculate leakage. Leakage shall not exceed twenty-five (25) gallons per twenty-four (24) hours per mile per nominal pipe diameter in inches. During the test, the owner and the Superintendent shall walk the route of the force main and examine the exposed pipe and the ground covering any backfilled pipe to discover leaks. Leakage in excess of that specified above shall be corrected with new material at the owners expense and the test repeat. Any observed leaks shall be repaired at the owner's expense. Each test section length shall be as approved by the Superintendent, but in no event longer than one thousand (1,000) feet.
(28)
Local utilities shall be contacted to verify construction plans and to make arrangements to disconnect all utility services, where required to undertake the construction work. The utility services shall later be reconnected. The work shall be scheduled so that there is minimum inconvenience to local residents. Residents shall be provided proper and timely notice regarding disconnection of utilities.
(29)
The construction right-of-way shall cleared only to the extent needed for construction, consistent with Chapter 186, Trees, of the Town Code. Cleaning consists of removal of trees which interfere with construction, removal of underbrush, logs and stumps and other organic matter, removal of refuse, garbage and trash, removal of ice and snow, and removal of telephone and power poles and posts. Any tree which will not hinder construction shall not be removed and shall be protected from damage by any construction equipment. Debris shall not be burned but hauled for disposal in an approved manner. A permit shall be obtained from the Town Highway Department to open any town road or remove any tree along a town right-of-way.
(30)
The public shall be protected from personal and property damage as a result of the construction work.
(31)
Traffic shall be maintained at all times in accordance with applicable highway permits. Where no highway permits are required, at least one-half (1/2) of a shall be kept open for traffic flow.
(32)
Erosion control shall be performed throughout the project to minimize the erosion of soils onto lands or into waters adjacent to or affected by the work. Erosion control can be effected with methods such as limiting the amount of clearing and grubbing prior to trenching, proper scheduling of the pipe installation work, minimizing time of open trench, prompt grading and seeding and filtration of drainage.
(33)
The trench shall be excavated only wide enough for proper installation of the sewer pipe, manhole and appurtenances. Allowances may be made for sheeting, dewatering and other similar actions to complete the work. Roads, sidewalks and curbs shall be cut, by sawing or by other methods as approved by the Highway Superintendent, before trench excavation is initiated.
(34)
Under ordinary conditions, excavation shall be by open cut from the ground surface. However, tunneling or boring under structures other than buildings may be permitted. Such structures include crosswalks, curbs, gutters, pavements, trees, driveways and railroad tracks. A permit shall be obtained from the Long Island Rail Road for any excavation under their railroad tracks.
(35)
Open trenches shall be protected at all hours of the day with barricades, signs and lights as required.
(36)
Trenches shall not be open for more than thirty (30) feet in advance of pipe installation nor left unfilled for more than thirty (30) feet in the rear of the installed pipe, when the work is in progress, without permission of the Superintendent. When work is not in progress, including overnight, weekends and holidays, the trench shall be backfilled to ground surface.
(37)
The trench shall be excavated approximately six (6) inches deeper than final the pipe grade. When unsuitable soils are encountered, these shall be excavated to a maximum depth of two and one-half (2 1/2) feet below the final pipe invert grade and replaced with select materials.
(38)
Ledge rock, boulders and large stones shall be removed from the trench sides and bottom. The trench shall be over-excavated at least twelve (12) inches for five (5) feet, at the transition from rock bottom to earth bottom, centered on the transition.
(39)
Maintenance of grade, elevation and alignment shall be done by some suitable method or combination of methods.
(40)
No structure be undercut unless specifically approved by the Superintendent.
(41)
Proper devices shall be provided and maintained operational at all times, to remove all water from the trench as it enters. At no time shall the sewer line be used for removal of water from the trench.
(42)
To protect workers and to prevent caving, shoring and sheeting shall be provided in accordance with OSHA regulations. Caving shall not be used to backfill the trench. Sheeting shall not be removed but cut, off no lower than one (1) foot above the pipe crown nor no higher than one (1) foot below final grade, and left in the trench, during backfill operations, unless otherwise approved by the Superintendent.
(43)
The pipe barrel shall be supported, along its entire length, on a minimum of six (6) inches of crusher run maximum one-half-inch stone free of organic material. This foundation shall be firmly tamped in the excavation. At the discretion of the Superintendent, sand may be used as a substitute support material.
(44)
Bell holes shall be hand excavated, as appropriate.
(45)
Pipe shall be laid from low elevation to high elevation. The pipe bell shall be up-gadient; the pipe spigot shall be down-gradient.
(46)
Joint preparation and assembly shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's written instructions.
(47)
The grade and alignment shall be checked and made correct. The pipe shall be in alignment. Any negotiation of curves shall be at manholes, except when site conditions require alternative pipe laying procedures. These alternative procedures, including bending the pipe barrel, deflecting the joint and using special fittings, shall require prior written approval of the plans and also written confirmation approval of need by the Superintendent after examination of the site conditions.
(48)
When a smaller sewer joins a larger one, the invert of the larger sewer shall be lowered sufficiently to maintain the same hydraulic gradient. An approximate method which may be used for securing this result is to place the zero and eight-tenths (0.8) depth of both sewers at the same elevation.
(49)
Crushed stone shall be placed over the laid pipe to a depth of at least six (6) inches. The embedment of thermoplastic pipe shall be in accordance with ASTM D2321 using class 1A or 1B backfill materials. Care shall be exercised so that stone is packed under the pipe haunches. Care shall be exercised so that the pipe is not moved during placement of the crushed stone.
(50)
The migration of fines from surrounding backfill or native soils shall be restricted by gradation of embedment materials or use of suitable filter fabric.
(51)
The remaining portion of the trench above the pipe embedment shall be backfilled in one-half-foot lifts which shall be firmly compacted. Compaction near/under roadways, driveways, sidewalks and other structures shall be to ninety-five (95%) percent of the maximum moisture-density relationship, as determined by ASTM Specification D698, Method D. Ice, snow or frozen material shall not be used for backfill.