A.
Plumbing, heating, electrical, ventilating, air-conditioning,
refrigerating, cooking, fire protection and radiation-production equipment,
elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators and other mechanical additions,
installations or systems for the use of the building shall be installed,
located and maintained so that under normal conditions of use such
equipment and systems will not be a danger to health or welfare, a
danger because of structural defects or a source of ignition, or a
radiation hazard and will not create excessive noise or otherwise
become a nuisance. Equipment and systems include, but are not limited
to, apparatus, devices, fixtures, piping, pipe hangers, pipe covering,
wiring, fittings and materials used as part of or in connection with
such installations.
B.
Equipment and systems subject to damage from freezing
shall be adequately protected against freezing.
C.
Moving parts of equipment which may be a potential
hazard shall be guarded to protect against accidental contact.
B.
Water supply.
(1)
Potable water from an approved source shall be available
at all times in residential buildings. The domestic water supply system
of the building shall be connected to such approved source and shall
not be subject to contamination. When supplied from a public source,
the potable water supply system shall not be connected to private
or unsafe water supplies.
(2)
Water supply systems shall be installed and maintained
so as to provide at all times a supply of water to plumbing fixtures,
devices and appurtenances in sufficient volume and at pressures adequate
to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise
under all normal conditions of use.
(3)
Water supply systems shall be installed and maintained
so that water used for purposes of cooling or heating shall not be
reintroduced into the domestic water supply system nor be distributed
through such equipment to plumbing fixtures.
(4)
Hot-water supply systems shall be provided with safety
devices arranged to relieve hazardous pressures and excessive temperatures.
C.
Sewage draining system.
(1)
Plumbing fixtures shall be drained to a sewage drainage
system, and such system shall be connected to a public sewer or to
an adequate and approved system of sewage disposal.
(2)
Where a public sewer is not available, a system shall
be provided to receive and dispose of sewage without health hazard
or nuisance.
(3)
Sewage or other waste which may be deleterious to
surface or subsurface waters shall not be discharged into the ground
or into a waterway unless it has first been rendered harmless through
subjection to treatment in conformity with generally accepted standards.
(4)
Substances which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with
the sewage disposal process shall not be discharged into the building
drainage system unless it is provided with approved devices suitable
for intercepting such substances.
(5)
Each fixture directly connected to the sewage drainage
system shall be equipped with a water seal trap.
(6)
Adequate cleanouts shall be provided and maintained
so that the pipes may be readily cleaned.
(7)
The drainage system and its attendant vent piping
shall be maintained so as to provide adequate circulation of air in
all pipes in order that siphonage, aspiration or pressure will not
cause a loss of trap seal under ordinary conditions of use.
(8)
Each vent terminal to the outer air shall be installed
and maintained so as to minimize the possibilities of clogging, frost
closure, the return of foul air to the building or the creation of
a nuisance to adjacent premises.
(9)
Drains provided for fixtures, devices, appliances
or apparatus containing food, water, sterile goods or similar materials
shall be equipped with air brakes adequate to prevent contamination
of such contents from any possible backup of sewage through the direct
or indirect drainage piping.
D.
Storm drainage.
(1)
Roofs and paved areas, including yards and courts,
shall be drained. Storm drainage shall be conveyed to an adequate
and approved system of storm water disposal where available. Storm
drains shall be discharged in such manner that water will not flow
onto sidewalks.
(2)
Where a drainage system may be subject to backwater,
suitable provision shall be made to prevent its overflow into the
building.
(3)
Leaders and gutters, if used, shall be constructed
of noncombustible material.
E.
Plumbing facilities.
(1)
Buildings and portions thereof shall be provided with
plumbing systems designed to dispose of the sewage from all fixtures
and to furnish cold water to every water closet and urinal, and hot
and cold water to every sink, lavatory, bathtub and shower required
therein. In multiple residences, hot water shall be furnished at 130º
F. to 140º F. temperature range from 6:00 a.m. to midnight.
(4)
Where multiple residences contain sleeping accommodations
arranged as a dormitory, for each multiple of 15 persons or fraction
thereof so accommodated there shall be provided and located adjacent
thereto plumbing fixtures consisting of at least:
(5)
Urinals may be substituted in men's toilet rooms for
not more than 1/3 of the required number of water closets.
(6)
Privies, privy vaults and outhouses shall be prohibited
on residential premises.
F.
Plumbing fixtures.
(1)
Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth nonabsorbent
material and shall be free from concealed fouling surfaces.
(2)
Plumbing fixtures shall be so spaced as to be reasonably
accessible for their intended use.
(3)
Plumbing fixtures shall be located in spaces that
are accessible, lighted and ventilated.
G.
Swimming pools.
(1)
Water supply used for filling or for cleaning of the
pool shall be clean. Water supply shall be protected against potential
pollution from all sources, including cross-connection and backflow.
(2)
Drains shall be provided so that the pool can be safely
and adequately drained. Drains shall be provided in floors surrounding
the swimming pool and arranged so that water from such areas will
drain without entering the pool.
(3)
Filtering, sterilizing and auxiliary equipment, where
required, shall be adequate to maintain the sanitary quality of water
during each period the pool is in use. Equipment containing gases
or disinfectants capable of giving off irritating, toxic or flammable
fumes shall be located in ventilated rooms.
(4)
The installation shall be arranged and maintained
to prevent dirt, sand or other foreign matter from entering the bathing
area.
H.
Water supply tanks.
(1)
Water tanks shall be installed and maintained so as
to be watertight, verminproof, rodentproof, resistant to corrosion
and capable of withstanding the working pressures under normal operation.
(2)
Supports for tanks shall be of noncombustible construction.
(3)
Tanks and their supports shall not be used to support
equipment or structures other than for tank use, except where specially
designed for such other use.
(4)
Means for emptying water supply tanks shall be provided
and maintained in proper working condition.
(5)
Potable water supply tanks for domestic supply and
standpipe or automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed and maintained
to furnish water in sufficient quantity and pressure for such systems.
A.
General requirements.
B.
Shutoff valves.
(1)
Gas-piping systems shall have at least one accessible
means for shutting off all gas supply, and such means shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
(2)
An easily accessible shutoff valve or cock shall be
provided in the piping in close proximity to and ahead of every outlet
for gas appliance.
C.
Service equipment for gas supplied from utility mains.
Gas services, gas meters and gas pressure regulators shall be located
so that they are protected from damage.
D.
Gas refrigerators and ranges. Gas refrigerators and
ranges shall be installed with clearance for ventilation and shall
be maintained in good operating condition.
E.
High-pressure gas. Any service connection supplying
gas at a pressure in excess of one psi gauge shall be provided with
a device to reduce such pressure to not more than 1/2 psi gauge prior
to entering the meter, except where such service supplies equipment
using gas at high pressures.
F.
Liquefied petroleum gas.
(1)
Undiluted liquefied petroleum gas in liquid form shall
not be conveyed through piping equipment and systems in buildings.
(2)
Liquefied petroleum gas shall not be vaporized by
devices utilizing open flame or open electrical coil.
(3)
Where two or more containers are installed, connection
shall be arranged so that containers can be replaced without shutting
off the flow of gas to equipment.
(4)
Containers shall be designed, stored and located so
as not to be a hazard to the premises served or to the surrounding
property.
(5)
Systems shall be provided with safety devices to relieve
excessive pressures and shall be arranged so that the discharge terminates
at a safe location.
(6)
Systems shall have at least one accessible means for
shutting off the gas. Such means shall be located outside the building
and shall be maintained in good operating condition.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Residential buildings intended for occupancy between
the first day of October and the first day of May of the following
year shall be provided with heating equipment designed to maintain
a temperature of not less than 70º F. at a distance of three
feet and more from exterior walls and at a level of five feet above
the floor in habitable spaces, kitchenettes, bathrooms and toilet
rooms. The capability of the heating equipment to maintain such indoor
temperature shall be based on the average of the recorded annual minimum
outside temperatures for the locality.
(2)
In multiple residences, adequate heat shall be provided
to maintain the indoor temperature in habitable spaces, kitchenettes,
bathrooms and toilet rooms, at 70º F. from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00
p.m. when the outside temperature falls below 55º F.
B.
Smoke control. Fuel-burning heat-producing equipment
shall be installed and maintained so that the emission or discharge
into the atmosphere of smoke, dust, particles, odors or other products
of combustion will not create a nuisance or be detrimental to the
health, comfort, safety or property of any person.
C.
Warm air heating. Ducts and other air-handling equipment
used for heating shall conform to the requirements of such equipment
used for ventilating purposes.
D.
Prohibited locations for heat-producing equipment.
Fuel-burning water heaters shall not be located in sleeping rooms,
bathrooms or toilet rooms.
E.
Fuel supply connection. Fuel-burning equipment shall
be permanently fastened and connected in place. Fuel supply connection
to such equipment shall be made with pipe or tubing of solid metal.
F.
Installation and clearance. Where heat-producing equipment
is installed on or adjacent to combustible materials, the location,
insulation, clearance and the control of the equipment shall be such
that the temperature on the surface of the combustible materials will
not exceed a safe temperature.
G.
Air supply.
(1)
Direct-fired heat-producing equipment and the enclosure
in which it is located shall be provided with a supply of air adequate
both for complete combustion at the rated gross output of the equipment
and for the ventilation of the enclosure to prevent the accumulation
of heat.
(2)
Rooms containing fuel-burning equipment shall have
such air supply provided by means of one or more openings to the exterior
or by means of fixed openings to interior spaces which open to the
exterior.
H.
Removal of products of combustion.
(1)
Equipment for burning solid or liquid fuel shall be
connected to suitable chimneys or flues and shall not be connected
to gas vents. Unvented heaters burning liquid fuel shall be prohibited.
(2)
Fuel-burning space heaters located in sleeping rooms
or rooms normally kept closed shall be connected to a suitable chimney,
flue or gas vent.
(3)
Gas-fired equipment shall be connected to a suitable
chimney, flue or gas vent when the discharge of products of combustion
into the space where the equipment is installed would be a hazard.
I.
Safety devices.
(1)
Equipment capable of developing hazardous pressures
or temperatures shall be provided with means to relieve safely such
pressures and temperatures.
(2)
Controls for the safe operation of automatically operated
heat-producing equipment shall be provided to function as follows:
(a)
When failure or interruption of flames or ignition
occurs, the fuel supply shall be cut off.
(b)
When a predetermined temperature or pressure
is exceeded, the input of additional heat shall be prevented or reduced
to a safe rate.
(c)
When the water level in a steam boiler drops
below a predetermined level, the fuel supply shall be cut off.
(d)
When failure or interruption of pilot light
or main burner of liquefied petroleum gas equipment occurs, the fuel
supply to each pilot light and main burner shall be cut off.
J.
Heating of garages. Fuel-burning equipment for garages
servicing multiple residences shall be located in heater rooms, except
that equipment burning gas or liquid fuel, located in the vehicle
storage space, shall be permitted in stories at or above grade where
elevated so as not to be exposed to possible accumulation of flammable
gases.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Chimneys, flues, gas vents and their supports shall
be installed and maintained so as to be structurally safe, durable,
smoketight, noncombustible and capable of withstanding the action
of flue gases without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling.
(2)
Such facilities shall effectively convey the products
of combustion to the outer air.
(3)
Masonry chimneys, except approved prefabricated chimneys,
shall have noncombustible foundations.
(4)
Flue linings shall be capable of withstanding the
action of flue gas without softening, cracking, corroding or spalling
at the temperature to which they will be subjected.
(5)
Openings for smoke pipes or gas vent connections shall
be provided with means for easy connection without restriction of
the flue.
(6)
No flue shall have smoke pipe or gas vent connections
in more than one story of a building.
(7)
Fuel-burning equipment and fireplaces located in different
tenancies shall not be connected to the same flue.
B.
Fire safety. Chimneys, flues and gas vents shall be
installed and maintained so that under conditions of use the temperature
of any combustible material adjacent thereto, insulated therefrom
or in contact therewith, does not exceed a safe temperature.
C.
Spark arresters. A chimney or flue connected to an
incinerator and a chimney or flue which may emit sparks shall be provided
with a spark arrester of noncombustible construction. Spark arresters
shall have sufficient total clear area to permit unrestricted passage
of flue gases. Openings in spark arresters shall be of such size as
to prevent passage of embers and to minimize clogging by soot.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Incinerators shall be of adequate capacity for the
intended use.
(2)
Flue-fed incinerators shall be equipped with means
for burning auxiliary fuel in sufficient quantity to assure complete
combustion of refuse.
(3)
A flue serving an incinerator shall be provided with
a substantially constructed spark arrester.
(4)
Incinerators shall be connected to a suitable noncombustible
chimney, smokestack or flue.
(5)
Connections to incinerators shall provide free passage
of refuse without clogging.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be installed
in conformity with generally accepted standards and maintained so
as not to be a potential source of ignition of combustible material
or a potential source of electrical hazards.
(2)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be firmly secured
to the surface on which it is mounted.
(3)
Electrical wiring and equipment installed in damp
or wet locations or where exposed to explosive or flammable gases
or to excessive temperatures shall be of a type approved for the purpose
and location.
(4)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be protected
against excessive current by properly rated overcurrent devices.
(5)
Electrical wiring and equipment shall be grounded
or otherwise protected by insulation, isolation or guarding so as
to minimize the danger of high voltages from lightning or other causes.
(6)
Electrical equipment which, in ordinary operation,
produces arcs or sparks shall be enclosed, unless separated and isolated
from all combustible materials.
(7)
Service equipment and overcurrent protection devices
shall be installed and maintained in a readily accessible location.
B.
Artificial lighting.
(1)
Residential buildings and occupancies shall be wired
for electricity, and lighting equipment shall be installed throughout
to provide adequate illumination for the intended use of each space.
Electric wiring systems shall be connected to an adequate source of
supply.
(2)
There shall be a switch or other means for controlling
a light in each dwelling unit near the point of entrance to such unit.
C.
Exit and directional signs.
(1)
Exits in multiple dwellings shall be provided with
exit and directional signs, visible from the approach to the exists,
except that such signs shall not be required in those portions of
a building which contain dwelling units only or in which exit from
sleeping rooms is directly to the outside.
(2)
Directional signs shall be provided at locations from
which the exit doorway is not readily discernible.
(3)
Such signs shall be worded in plainly legible block
letters with the word EXIT for exit signs and the words TO EXIT with
a suitable pointer or arrow indicating the direction of exit, for
directional signs. Letters for signs shall be conspicuous, readily
discernible and at least six inches high, except that for internally
illuminated signs the height of such letters shall be at least 4 1/2
inches.
(4)
Exit and directional signs shall be illuminated either
externally or internally by electric lights and shall be kept illuminated
at all times when the building is occupied.
A.
General requirements.
(1)
Each dwelling unit shall be provided with appropriate
cooking and refrigeration equipment.
(2)
Cooking and refrigeration equipment shall be maintained
in good operating condition.
(3)
Gas-burning cooking equipment shall be permanently
fastened and connected in place. Gas supply connection to such equipment
shall be made with pipe or tubing of solid metal.
(4)
Solid fuel-burning cooking equipment shall be appropriately
vented.
B.
Communal cooking and dining facilities. Communal kitchens
and dining rooms shall comply with the following requirements:
(1)
Communal kitchens shall contain at least:
(2)
Dining space and eating facilities, where provided
in the kitchen area, shall comply with the requirements for communal
dining rooms.
(3)
Communal dining rooms shall contain at least one dining
chair and two linear feet of dining space for each occupant permitted
in a dining room at any particular time.
B.
Ventilating systems.
(1)
Ventilating systems shall be installed and maintained
so that the rapid spread of heat, flame or smoke through the system
will be prevented and so that under conditions of use the temperature
of any combustible material adjacent thereto or in contact therewith
will not exceed a safe temperature.
(2)
Stairways, passageways, exits, shafts, hoistways or
attics shall not be used as plenum chambers.
(3)
Ducts shall be securely fastened in place and appropriately
fire-stopped.
(4)
Ducts and other air-handling equipment shall be of
noncombustible material.
(5)
Filters shall be installed and maintained so as not
to constitute a fire or smoke hazard.
(6)
Ducts passing through or located within combustible
construction shall be separated from such construction by a clearance
of at least 1/2 inch or by a noncombustible insulating material at
least one to four inches thick.
(7)
Air required for ventilation shall be taken from the
exterior or shall be quality-controlled.
(8)
Exhaust air from a dwelling unit or a space whose
contents may emit odors, fumes or vapors shall not be circulated to
other occupied spaces within the building.
C.
Air intake and exhaust openings.
(1)
Air intake and exhaust openings shall be installed,
located and maintained so as not to constitute a hazard or nuisance
and so as to prevent the possibility of fire, smoke, fumes or foreign
matter from being drawn into the system.
(2)
Ventilating systems shall be provided with adequate
openings for incoming and outgoing air to obtain the required circulation.
Intake openings shall provide air from an uncontaminated source.
(3)
Where openings for mechanical exhaust are located
in spaces that also contain flue-burning equipment, there shall be
provided fixed intake openings from the exterior to supply sufficient
air so that the fuel-burning equipment is not adversely affected.
(4)
Exhaust openings shall be located so that the exhaust
air will not create a nuisance.
D.
Ventilation requirements.
(1)
Enclosures or spaces where heat, gases, vapors or
odors may accumulate and become a potential source of hazard or nuisance
shall be provided with adequate means of ventilation to remove such
excess.
(2)
Public spaces shall be provided with means for obtaining
air supply for the maximum number of persons for which such spaces
are designed.
E.
Safety controls.
(1)
Manually operated controls shall be provided to stop
the operation of all central fan equipment. Such controls shall be
conspicuously identified and in readily accessible locations outside
the fan room.
(2)
Every system using recirculated air and serving an
assembly space or more than one fire area or more than one story of
a building shall be provided with controls arranged so that under
abnormal rise in temperature of the air in the system the fans causing
normal circulation shall stop and require manual restart.
(3)
Every system for ventilating an assembly space shall
be provided with an emergency switch conveniently located and with
a durable sign giving instructions for shutting down the system in
case of fire.
A.
General requirements. Fuel oil shall be received,
stored and conveyed by means of fixed liquidtight equipment.
C.
Piping.
(1)
Automatically operated boilers and furnaces using
fuel oil shall be provided with remote control to stop the flow of
oil during fire or other emergency.
(2)
Filling, emptying and venting of tanks shall be by
means of fixed piping. Pipes to underground tanks shall be pitched
toward tanks. Terminals of fill and vent pipes shall be located outside
buildings at a safe distance from building openings.
A.
Fire alarm systems. Required fire alarm systems shall
be maintained in proper operating condition at all times.
B.
Sprinkler equipment.
(1)
Required sprinkler equipment shall be maintained in
proper operating condition at all times. Storage of materials shall
cause minimum interference to effective discharge of water.
(2)
Valves controlling water supply to sprinklers shall
be secure in the open position.
(3)
Sprinkler heads shall be maintained free of corrosion
and paint.
D.
Portable extinguishers.
(1)
Each oil burner for boiler, furnace or central hot-water
heaters shall be provided with an approved hand fire extinguisher
or two rounded-bottom pails filled with sand.
(2)
Portable extinguishers required for fire protection
shall be in their designated locations and in a condition which will
permit efficient operation without delay.
A.
Elevators, dumbwaiters and escalators shall be maintained
so as to be free from physical and fire hazards.
B.
Elevators and power-operated dumbwaiter cars shall
be provided with durable signs in conspicuous locations on which the
rated capacity shall be indicated.
C.
Elevator cars shall be provided with approved means
for transmitting a signal outside the hoistway in case of emergency.
D.
Hoistways and pits shall be maintained free of refuse.
E.
Machine rooms shall be maintained free of oil and
grease and shall not be used for storage of articles or materials
unnecessary for the maintenance of the elevator or dumbwaiter. Flammable
liquids shall not be kept in such rooms.
F.
No person shall at any time make any required safety
device or electrical protective device inoperative, except where necessary
during tests, inspections or maintenance.
