Unless otherwise expressly stated, the following terms shall
have the meaning indicated below:
A.Â
Words and phrases used in the singular include the plural, and words
and phrases used in the plural include the singular.
B.Â
Gender-specific pronouns or references shall refer to all genders.
C.Â
The word "person" indicates any person or any corporation, unincorporated
association, partnership, estate or other legal entity.
D.Â
The word "lot" includes the word "plot" or "parcel."
E.Â
The word "structure" includes "building," and the use of either word
shall be construed as if followed by the phrase "or a part thereof."
F.Â
The word "may" is permissive; the words "shall" and "will" are mandatory.
G.Â
Periods of time stated as a number of days refer to consecutive calendar
days, unless specified as "working days."
H.Â
Words in the present tense include the future tense.
Other terms or words used in this chapter are defined as follows:
See "street."
See "building, accessory."[1]
A document entitled "Allegheny Places," including the text
maps and supplemental information adopted by resolution of the Allegheny
County Council on November 5, 2008, and as may be amended from time
to time.
The administrative agency charged with the responsibilities
of engineering, construction and management of County-owned facilities,
vehicles and equipment.
The agency designated to administer and enforce the health
and sanitation regulations of the Allegheny County Code.
See "street."
A developer and/or landowner, as hereinafter defined, including
heirs, successors and assigns, who has filed an application for subdivision
and/or land development.
Every application, whether preliminary or final, required
to be filed for the approval of a subdivision plat or plan or for
the approval of a development plan.
An architect, registered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
See "registered professional."
See "street."
The methods, measures or practices to prevent or reduce the
amount of pollution from point or nonpoint sources, including structural
controls, nonstructural controls and operation and maintenance procedures.
Either of the following:
BICYCLE LANEA lane at the edge of a street cartway or shoulder reserved and marked for the exclusive use of bicycles.
BICYCLE PATHA pathway, separated from the street cartway or shoulder, designed for the use of bicycles.
The variety and abundance of species, their genetic composition
and the communities, ecosystems and landscapes in which they occur.
A unit of land containing one or more lots, bounded by existing
or proposed streets, waterways, railroads, public lands or other barriers
to contiguous development.
A portion of a site, together with any structures or plantings,
intended to provide a visual barrier or other protection between adjacent
parcels of land.
Any enclosed or open structure having a roof supported by
columns, piers, or walls.
BUILDING, ACCESSORYA detached, subordinate building, the use of which is customarily incidental and subordinate to that of the principal building and located on the same lot as the principal building. Farm buildings not intended for habitation are considered to be accessory buildings.
BUILDING, PRINCIPALA building in which the primary use of the lot on which the building is located is carried on.
A line within a lot, parallel to the street line, designated
on a plan as the minimum required distance between a building and
the street center line or right-of-way line as specified by any applicable
zoning ordinance.
A bulb-out, or curb extension, is a traffic-calming measure
which narrows the roadway width and serves multiple purposes, including
reducing speeds, reducing pedestrian crossing distances, improving
visibility of pedestrians at crossings, and defining on-street parking.
When used in reference to a street, the maximum traffic volume
for which such street can provide adequate service.
The portion of a street, drive or alley that is available
for vehicular traffic.
An area of unobstructed vision at a street intersection defined
by lines of sight between specific points on the center lines of the
intersecting streets.
See "street."
A parcel or parcels of land or an area of water or a combination
of land and water within a development site and designed and intended
for the use or enjoyment of residents of a development, not including
streets, off-street parking areas and areas set aside for public facilities.
A policy to ensure that the entire right-of-way is routinely
designed and operated to enable safe access for all users. Pedestrians,
bicyclists, motorists, and transit riders of all ages and abilities
can safely move along and across a complete street.
A document consisting of maps, charts and text, prepared in accordance with Article III of the Municipalities Planning Code and adopted by a municipality or County as a guide for future development.
See "Allegheny County Comprehensive Plan."
A form of real property ownership which combines a system
of separate ownership of individual units of occupancy with a system
of undivided interests in land and common facilities.
The level at which transportation system performance is no
longer acceptable to the traveling public due to traffic interference.
The level of acceptable system performance may vary by type of transportation
facility, geographic location, public tolerance and/or time of day.
A legal document that provides specific land use rights to
a secondary party. A perpetual conservation easement usually grants
conservation and management rights to a party in perpetuity.
An agreement or correspondence between matters being compared
which denotes a reasonable, rational, similar connection or relationship.
That which exhibits consistency.
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, a home rule municipality.
The legislative branch of Allegheny County government established
by the Allegheny County Home Rule Charter.
The executive branch of Allegheny County government established
by the Allegheny County Home Rule Charter.
The Allegheny County Department of Economic Development.
A circular area measured from the trunk of a tree, in which
roots critical to the survival of the tree shall be protected. The
critical root zone shall be equal to the tree's dripline plus
one foot.
The part of the tree that consists of branches, stems and
leaves.
See "street."
Buildings, sites, objects or structures owned and operated
by a public or non-profit agency, including but not limited to libraries,
museums, historic sites, public buildings, churches, hospitals, nursing
homes, social, fraternal or community clubs or organizations and similar
facilities.
The diameter of a tree trunk at breast height, measured at
4.5 feet above natural grade.
Final decision of the governing body granted jurisdiction
by this chapter to do so, either by reason of the grant of exclusive
jurisdiction or by reason of appeals from determinations. All decisions
shall be appealable to the Court of Common Pleas and judicial district.
The deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for general
public use.
A written instrument whereby an estate in real property is
conveyed.
A restriction upon property placed in a deed.
The number of dwelling units per unit area of land.
The Allegheny County Department of Economic Development,
the designated "planning agency" for the County which performs the
functions of a planning agency as described in the Pennsylvania Municipalities
Planning Code for the purpose of administering this chapter.
The agency designated to maintain and preserve state parks,
manage state forestland and provide technical assistance related to
the rivers, trails, greenways, local parks, regional heritage parks,
and natural areas of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
A man-made or natural facility designed to collect surface
water in order to impede its flow and to release it gradually in accordance
with an adopted stormwater management plan.
Any landowner, agent of such landowner or tenant with the
permission of the landowner who makes or causes to be made a subdivision
of land or a land development.
Any land development that, because of its character, magnitude
or location, will have a substantial effect upon the health, safety
or welfare of citizens in more than one municipality.
The provisions of development of a planned residential development,
a plat of subdivision or land development, including all covenants
relating to use, location and bulk of buildings and other structures,
intensity of use or density of development, streets, ways and parking
facilities, common open space and public facilities. The phrase "provisions
of the development plan," when used in this chapter, shall mean the
written and graphic materials referred to in this definition.
The Director of the Allegheny County Department of Economic
Development or his or her designee.
The land required for the installation of storm sewers or
other drainage facilities, or along the floodway of a natural stream
or watercourse, or to safeguard the public against flood damage.
A private drive providing access between a public or private
street or access drive and the parking area for a single residential
dwelling unit. A shared driveway is a private drive serving two residential
dwelling units.
Any construction or other activity which disturbs the surface
of the land, including, but not limited to, excavations, embankments,
depositing or storing soil, rock or earth, clearing vegetation, tilling
soil, or any other activity which may cause erosion.
A right-of-way for limited use of property granted by a landowner,
within which the owner shall not have the right to make use of the
property in a manner that violates the right of the grantee.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural
community together with their environment.
A professional engineer registered by the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. See "registered professional."
The detachment and movement of soil or rock fragments, or
the wearing away of the surface of the land by wind, water, ice or
gravity.
A narrative and set of plans developed to minimize accelerated
erosion and prevent sedimentation damage. In accordance with Design
Manual, Part 2, Chapter 13, and PADEP Erosion and Sediment Pollution
Control Program Manual, these plans are prepared in conjunction with
construction staging plans, detailing what erosion control measures
must be in place at all times during various construction stages and
phases.
Material, usually soil, used to raise or change the surface
contour of an area, to construct an embankment or to be placed within
a stone or concrete arch bridge.
The plan of a proposed subdivision or land development, including
all supplemental information required by this chapter or by an applicable
municipal ordinance to obtain final approval and in a form acceptable
for recording in the Department of Real Estate.
Any financial security which may be accepted in lieu of certain
improvements being made prior to approval and recording of a final
plan, pursuant to Section 509 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning
Code.[2]
Land adjoining a river or stream that has been or may be
expected to be inundated by the floodwaters of the river or stream,
or any area subject to the unusual and rapid accumulation of surface
waters from any source. Floodplains include any areas delineated within
the one-hundred-year flood boundary or as a special flood hazard area
on a map prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
Any combination of structural and/or nonstructural additions
or changes to structures or contents which are designed to reduce
or eliminate flood damage to those structures or contents.
The channel of a watercourse and portions of the adjoining
floodplain that are reasonably required to carry and discharge the
one-hundred-year design flood. Unless otherwise specified, the boundary
of the one-hundred-year floodway is as indicated on maps and flood
insurance studies provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA).
Total gross area of all floors enclosed within the exterior
walls of any building, including accessory buildings and including
any areas that may be enclosed by temporary exterior walls such as
garage doors or removable solarium glass enclosures, or as defined
in an applicable municipal zoning ordinance.
A unit of light density incident on a plane (assumed to be
horizontal unless otherwise specified), measurable with an illuminance
meter (also known as a "light meter").
The difference between the elevation of the design flow in
the emergency spillway (usually the one-hundred-year peak elevation)
and the top elevation of the settled basin embankment (that is, top
of berm). Minimum freeboard shall be one foot.
An attribute of a lighting fixture from which no light is
emitted at or above a horizontal plane drawn through the bottom of
the fixture and no more than 10% of the lamp's output is emitted
at or above an angle 10° below the horizontal plane, at all lateral
angles around the fixture. By definition, a full-cutoff luminaire
is also fully shielded.
An attribute of a luminaire from which no light is emitted
at or above a horizontal plane drawn through the lowest light-emitting
portion of the luminaire.
A computerized system of compiling, presenting and analyzing
geographic-based data.
A professional engineer licensed as such by the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania who has training and experience in geotechnical engineering.
Excessive brightness in the field of view that is sufficiently
greater than that to which the eyes are adapted, to cause annoyance
or loss in visual performance and visibility so as to jeopardize health,
safety or welfare.
The inclination of the land's surface from the horizontal,
as it exists or as rendered by cut and/or fill activities. "Road grade"
refers to the rate of rise and fall of a road surface, measured along
the center line of the cartway.
A plan to be prepared and submitted with an application for
development whenever any earth disturbance is proposed.
A map identifying highly functional land areas that harbor
biological diversity, manage water resources, and maintain the region's
scenic landscape character. The greenprint is incorporated into the
Allegheny Places Greenway Map as a top priority for conservation.
A linear open space established along either a natural corridor
such as a river front or stream valley or ridgeline or over land along
a railroad right-of-way converted to recreational use, a canal, a
scenic road or other route, including:
Naturally occurring water that moves through the earth's
crust, usually at a depth of several feet to several hundred feet
below the earth's surface.
A paved area at the end of a dead-end street where the cartway
branches in two directions, providing sufficient space for vehicles
to execute three-point turning maneuvers without entering the driveways
of any lots abutting the street.
A permit issued by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
to private landowners to occupy Commonwealth of Pennsylvania property
designated for transportation uses; typically for access or utilities.
Soil that is saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during
the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part.
Quantity of incident light measured in footcandles.
Physical changes to land, including, but not limited to,
grading, removal of vegetation, buildings, landscaping, pavement,
curbs, gutters, storm sewers and drains, changes to existing watercourses,
sidewalks, street signs, monuments, water supply facilities and sewage
disposal facilities.
Plant species naturally occurring in a particular region
or environment and having been identified as existing in the region
before the influence of humans.
Plant species brought into a particular region or environment
through transportation by humans and having adapted to the region
or environment to the detriment of the indigenous species.
Any of the following:
The improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts,
or parcels of land for any purpose involving:
A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings,
whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential
building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or
tenure.
The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially
or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective
occupants by means of, or for the purpose of, streets, common areas,
leaseholds, condominiums, building groups, or other features.
A subdivision of land. (See "subdivision.")
Land development shall not include:
The conversion of an existing single-family detached dwelling
or single-family semidetached dwelling into not more than three residential
units, unless such units are intended to be a condominium.
The addition of an accessory building, including farm buildings,
on a lot or lots subordinate to an existing principal building.
The addition or conversion of buildings or rides within the
confines of an enterprise which would be considered an amusement park.
For purposes of this subsection, an "amusement park" is defined as
a tract or area used principally as a location for permanent amusement
structures or rides. This exclusion shall not apply to newly acquired
acreage by an amusement park until initial plans for the expanded
area have been approved.
Any of the following:
The legal or beneficial owner or owners of land, including
the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether or not such
option or contract is subject to any conditions), a lessee (if he
is authorized under the lease to exercise the right of the landowner),
or other person having a proprietary interest in land.
A landscape architect registered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
See "registered professional."
Land that is susceptible to movement or sliding, as identified
in the Soil Survey of Allegheny County, prepared by the Soil Conservation
Service[3] of the United States Department of Agriculture; or as
identified on the Landslide Susceptibility Map of Allegheny County;
or as identified in the Mining and Physiographic Study, Allegheny
County, Pennsylvania, prepared by A.C. Ackenheil & Associates;
or as established by geotechnical investigation.
A map delineating areas judged to be susceptible to landsliding
or movement, prepared by the United States Geological Survey on 7.5-minute
quadrangle maps of the County in 1974.
Any activity, business, function or purpose for which any
piece of land or structure is used or intended to be used.
A qualitative measure describing operational conditions within
a traffic stream; generally described in terms of such factors as
speed, freedom to maneuver, traffic interruptions, comfort, convenience
and safety. Levels of service are designated A through F, with LOS
A indicating the best service and LOS F indicating the worst.
Light emitted by a lighting fixture or installation which
is cast beyond the boundaries of the property on which the lighting
installation is sited.
See "street."
A designated parcel, tract or area of land established by
a plat or otherwise permitted by law and to be used, developed or
built upon as a unit.
The area contained within the property lines of the individual
parcel of land, excluding space within a street right-of-way, or as
specified in the Municipal Zoning Ordinance.
The average distance between the street right-of-way and
the rear lot line, measured perpendicular or radial to the right-of-way.
The width of a lot measured along the street line.
The horizontal distance between side lot lines, measured
at the required setback line.
An area within a lot between the building setback lines and
the lot lines.
A measure of the power of light perceived by the human eye.
The light output rating of a light bulb.
See "street."
A voluntary negotiating process in which parties in a dispute
mutually select a neutral mediator to assist them in jointly exploring
and settling their difference, culminating in a written agreement
which the parties themselves created and consider acceptable.
See "land development, minor."
See "subdivision, minor."
The replacement of natural features which have been lost
or reduced in value.
A concrete, stone or other permanent object placed to designate
boundary lines, corners of property and rights-of-way of streets and
utilities, for the purpose of reference in land and property surveys.
A professional engineer licensed as such in the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania, duly appointed as the engineer for a municipality,
planning agency or joint planning commission.
The council in cities and boroughs, and incorporated towns,
the board of commissioners in townships of the first class, the board
of supervisors in townships of the second class, or as may be designated
in the law providing for the form of government.
Act of 1968, P.L. 805, No. 247, as reenacted and amended
(53 P.S. § 10101 et seq.), which empowers municipalities
to plan for their development and to govern the same by zoning, subdivision
and land development ordinances and official maps, to promote conservation
of energy and to establish planning agencies and zoning hearing boards.
Any city, borough, township or other similar general purpose
unit of government, excluding County government.
The permit mandated by Section 402 of the Clean Water Act[4] for projects that involve the discharge of pollutants
from a point source into surface waters (including wetlands) for disposal
purposes which is intended to regulate the amount of chemicals, heavy
metals and biological waste discharged in wastewater, administered
under the Pennsylvania Clean Streams Law.[5]
Land, fish, wildlife, drinking water supplies and other assets
belonging to, maintained by or otherwise controlled by the federal,
state or local government.
Net density is the number of proposed dwelling units divided
by the land area not proposed for infrastructure such as the roadway
network or stormwater system. For instance, if a proposed subdivision
includes 100 dwelling units on 100 acres, with 20 acres being used
for infrastructure, the net density is 100/(100 – 20 = 80) =
1.25 units per acre.
Passive site design approaches or regulatory approaches that
positively impact water quality and reduce the generation of stormwater
runoff without requiring the construction of specific or discrete
stormwater management control structures.
A map adopted pursuant to Article IV of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code. An Official Map is a combined map and ordinance designed to implement the goals and community vision set forth in the Comprehensive Plan. The Official Map shows the locations of planned future public lands and facilities, such as transportation, recreational parks and trails, and open space. The Official Map expresses a municipality's interest in acquiring these lands for public purposes sometime in the future.
Any parcel or area of land or water essentially unimproved
and set aside, dedicated, designated or reserved for public or private
use or enjoyment, or for the use and enjoyment of owners, occupants
and their guests, of land adjoining or neighboring such open space.
The Allegheny County Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance
of 2012 (this chapter).
See "lot."
The hour during which the heaviest volume of traffic occurs.
The Pennsylvania Storm Water Management Act,[6] hereinafter referred to as PA Act 167, requires municipalities
to adopt and implement ordinances to regulate development consistent
with adopted watershed stormwater management plans.
A planning commission, planning department or planning committee
of the governing body.
The map or plan of a subdivision or land development, whether
preliminary or final.
See "subdivision, plat adjustment."
The plan of a proposed subdivision or land development, including
all supplementary information required by this chapter or applicable
municipal ordinance to obtain preliminary approval.
Persons who provide expert or professional advice, including,
but not limited to, architects, attorneys, certified public accountants,
engineers, geologists, land surveyors, landscape architects or planners.
A formal meeting held pursuant to public notice, intended
to inform and obtain public comment, prior to taking action in accordance
with this chapter.
A forum held pursuant to notice under the Act of July 3,
1986 (P.L. 388, No. 84), known as the "Sunshine Act."[7]
A notice published once each week for two successive weeks
in a newspaper of general circulation in the County. The notice shall
state the time and place of a hearing and the particular nature of
the matter to be considered at the hearing. The first publication
shall not be more than 30 days and the second publication shall not
be less than seven days from the date of the hearing.
A system which provides water to the public for human consumption
which has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average
of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.
The term includes any collection, treatment, storage and distribution
facilities under control of the operator of the system and used in
connection with the system. The term includes collection or pretreatment
storage facilities not under such control which are used in connection
with the system. The term also includes a system which provides water
for bottling or bulk hauling for human consumption.
A final plan which contains the original endorsement of the
municipality and the Department, which is intended to be recorded
with the Allegheny County Department of Real Estate.
An individual licensed in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
to perform services or activities required by provisions of this chapter
and qualified by training and experience to perform the specific services
and/or activities with technical competence.
Lands held for future public use by designating a lot or
parcel for such future use on a plat for recording.
Land reserved or dedicated for use as a street, pedestrianway
or other means of public or private transportation or for an electric
transmission line, oil or gas pipeline, water main, sanitary or storm
sewer, or other special use. A right-of-way includes the entire area
reserved or dedicated for the use.
Pertaining to anything connected with or immediately adjacent
to the banks of a waterway.
An intersection traffic control treatment utilized throughout
the world. Roundabouts form circular intersections in which entering
traffic is required to yield to circulating traffic.
The surface water after a rain or snow that does not enter
the soil but runs off the surface of the land.
The process by which soil or other surface material is accumulated
or deposited by wind, water or gravity.
See "building setback line."
A luminaire from which no direct glare is visible at normal
viewing angles by virtue of its being properly aimed, oriented and
located and properly fitted with such devices as shields, barn doors,
baffles, louvers, skirts or visors.
The length of road visible to the driver of a vehicle at
any given point in the road when viewing is unobstructed by traffic.
An informal plan, for use in a preapplication meeting, prepared in accordance with § 780-401 of this chapter.
A professional engineer licensed as such and registered by
the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania who has training and experience in
soils engineering.
A series of aerial photographs on which soils are classified
according to a variety of characteristics and accompanying explanatory
text, prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service, August 1981. (Note: The Soil Conservation Service
is now the Natural Resources Conservation Service.)
Any land area with a grade that exceeds four horizontal to
one vertical (4:1), or 25%.
The precipitation from rain or snowmelt that flows over the
ground. Impervious surfaces like driveways, sidewalks, and streets
prevent stormwater from being absorbed into the ground.
A strip of land, including the entire right-of-way, publicly
or privately owned, serving primarily as a means of vehicular travel,
encompassing the following types:
ACCESS DRIVEA private drive providing access between a public or private street and a parking area within a land development, or any driveway servicing two or more buildings or uses.
ALLEYA service road that provides a secondary means of through access to lots.
ARTERIALA public street intended to carry a large volume of local and through traffic to or from collector streets and expressways.
COLLECTORA street that collects and distributes traffic between local access and arterial streets. Such streets provide intraregional connections between residential areas and shopping areas, employment centers and other local traffic generators.
CUL-DE-SACA street with a single means of ingress and egress and a turnaround.
LOCALA street that provides access to abutting property and connections to collector streets.
MARGINAL ACCESS STREETA service street that runs parallel to a higher-order street and provides access to abutting properties and separation from through traffic.
A street not accepted for dedication by a municipality.
A street accepted for dedication by a municipality.
Any stormwater management measure that requires the design
and construction of one or more specific or discrete structures to
reduce or eliminate stormwater runoff.
Any man-made object having an ascertainable stationary location
on or in land or water, whether or not affixed to the land.
The division or redivision of a lot, tract, or parcel of
land by any means into two or more lots, tracts, parcels or other
divisions of land, including changes in existing lot lines for the
purpose, whether immediate or future, of lease, partition by the court
for distribution to heirs or devisees, transfer of ownership or building
or lot development; provided, however, that the subdivision by lease
of land for agricultural purposes into parcels of more than 10 acres,
not involving any new street or easements of access or any residential
dwelling, shall be exempted.
A subdivision of land into not more than four lots, not requiring
any new street or access easement.
Any of the following:
Where, in the judgment of the Municipal Engineer, at least
90% (based on the cost of the required improvements for which financial
security was posted) of those improvements required as a condition
for final approval have been completed in accordance with the approved
plan, so that the project will be able to be used, occupied or operated
for its intended use.
A surveyor registered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
See "registered professional."
A single or one-directional vehicle movement.
See "land use."
A channel or conveyance of surface water having defined bed
and banks, whether natural or artificial, with perennial or intermittent
flow.
All land and water within the confines of a drainage basin.
An inventory of the source, quantity, yield and use of groundwater
and surface water resources within a municipality.
A designated area of the land surface which, through recharge
or other means, provides water to sustain the yield of a protected
public water supply well.
Any area defined as a wetland by the Federal Manual for Identifying
and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands.
An area of trees whose total combined canopy covers one acre
or more, in which at least 70% of the canopy trees have a DBH of 2.5
inches or more. Woodlands may also include tree plantations for commercial
or conservation purposes and groves or stands of trees covering less
than one acre. Categories of woodlands shall be as follows:
GROVES AND STANDSA contiguous grouping of eight or more individual trees having a DBH of at least 12 inches and whose combined canopy covers at least 50% of the area encompassed by the grove and which is not located within a woodland.
MATURE WOODLANDAn area of trees whose total combined canopy covers one acre or more, in which at least 50% of the canopy trees have a DBH of 10 inches or more.
See "lot, yard."
[1]
Editor's Note: See Subsection A in the definition of
"building."
[2]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10509.
[3]
Editor's Note: Now the Natural Resources Conservation
Service.
[4]
Editor's Note: See 33 U.S.C. § 1342.
[5]
Editor's Note: See 35 P.S. § 691.1 et seq.
[6]
Editor's Note: See 32 P.S. § 680.1 et seq.
[7]
Editor's Note: See now 65 Pa.C.S.A. § 701 et
seq.
