As used in this chapter, the following terms shall
have the meanings indicated:
ADEQUATE COVERAGE
Coverage is considered to be "adequate" within that area
surrounding a base station where the predicted or measured median
field strength of the transmitted signal is such that the majority
of the time, transceivers properly installed and operated will be
able to communicate with the base station. in the case of cellular
communications in a rural environment like Copake, this would be a
signal strength of at least -90 dBm for at least 75% of the coverage
area. It is acceptable for there to be holes within the area of adequate
coverage where the signal is less than -90 dBm, as long as the signal
regains its strength to greater than -90 dBm further away from the
base station. For the limited purpose of determining whether the use
of a repeater is necessary or desirable, there shall be deemed not
to be adequate coverage within said holes. The outer boundary of the
area of adequate coverage, however, is that location past which the
signal does not regain strength of greater than -90 dBm.
ADEQUATE CAPACITY
Capacity is considered to be "adequate" if the grade of service
(GOS) is p.05 or better for median traffic levels offered during the
typical busy hour, as assessed by direct measurement of the personal
wireless service facility in question. The GOS shall be determined
by the use of standard Erland B Calculations. As call blocking may
occur in either the land line or radio portions of a wireless network,
adequate capacity for this chapter shall apply only to the capacity
of the radio components. Where capacity must be determined prior to
the installation of the personal wireless services facility in question,
adequate capacity shall be determined on the basis of a 20% busy hour
(20% of all offered traffic occurring within the busiest hour of the
day), with the total daily traffic based on aggregate estimates of
the expected traffic in the coverage area.
ANTENNA
A device which is attached to a tower or other structure
for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves. Examples include,
but are not limited to, whip, panel, and dish antennas.
AVAILABLE SPACE
The space on a tower or structure to which antennas of a
telecommunications provider are both structurally able and electromagnetically
able to be attached.
BASE STATION
The primary sending and receiving site in a wireless telecommunications
network. More than one base station and/or more than one variety of
telecommunications provider can be located on a single tower or structure.
BULLETIN 65
Published by the FCC Office of Engineering and Technology
specifying radiation levels and methods to determine compliance.
CAMOUFLAGED FACILITY
Any telecommunications facility that is designed to blend
into the surrounding environment, such as towers and/or attached equipment
designed to look like trees or barn silos, etc.
CHANNEL
The segment of the radiation spectrum from an antenna which
carries one signal. An antenna may radiate on many channels simultaneously.
COLLOCATION
The use of a single mount on the ground by more than one
carrier (vertical collocation) and/or several mounts on an existing
structure by more than one carrier.
DBM
Unit of measure of the power level of an electromagnetic
signal expressed in decibels referenced to one milliwatt (1/1000th
watt); correctly written as "dBm."
ELECTROMAGNETICALLY ABLE
The determination that the new signal from and to the proposed
new antennas will not significantly interfere with the existing signals
from and to other facilities located on the same tower or structure
as determined by a qualified professional telecommunications engineer.
The use of available technologies to alleviate such interference shall
be considered when making this determination.
ELEVATION
The elevation at grade or ground level shall be given in
above mean sea level (AMSL). The height of the wireless service facility
shall be given in above ground level (AGL). AGL is a measurement of
height from the natural grade of a site to the highest point of a
structure. The total elevation of the wireless service facility is
AGL plus AMSL.
EMF
Electromagnetic fields, often expressed in wavelengths or
frequencies to indicate their placement on the electromagnetic spectrum.
The radio frequencies usually radiate away from their generating source,
hence wireless capability. The radio frequencies are identified between
three kilohertz to 300 gigahertz and include AM and FM radio, TV,
radar, cellular/PCS technologies, emergency fire and police, paging
services, and satellite broadcasting among many others. Microwaves
are a portion of the radio frequencies.
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (EA)
An EA is the document required by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
when a wireless communication facility is placed in certain designated
areas such as wetlands and sensitive habitats.
ERP
Effective radiated power.
EQUIPMENT SHELTER
An enclosed structure, cabinet, shed or box located at the
base station designed principally to house batteries, electrical,
and electronic equipment used in connection with personal wireless
service transmissions.
FACILITY SITE
A property, or any part thereof, which is owned or leased
by one or more telecommunications providers and upon which one or
more telecommunication facility(s) and required landscaping are located.
This includes any lot or location, having met all other criteria in
this telecommunication facilities regulation, which may be able to
provide adequate coverage and adequate capacity to a significant portion
of the Town of Copake.
FALL ZONE
The area on the ground within a prescribed radius from the
base of a wireless communications facility. The fall zone is the area
within which there is a potential hazard from falling debris (such
as ice) or collapsing material.
FCC
Federal Communications Commission. The government agency
responsible for regulating telecommunications in the United States.
FCC-97-326
A report and order which sets new national standards for
exposure to radio frequency emissions from FCC-regulated transmitters.
GHZ - GIGAHERTZ
A measure of electromagnetic radiation equaling one billion
hertz.
GRADE OF SERVICE
A measure of the percentage of calls which are able to connect
to the base station, during the busiest hour of the day. Grade of
service is expressed as a number, such as p.05, which means that 95%
of callers will connect on their first try. A lower number (p.04)
indicates a better grade of service.
HEIGHT OF TOWER
The vertical distance from the highest point of the structure,
plus any device attached, to the grade before construction.
HERTZ
One hertz is the frequency of an electric or magnetic field
which reverses polarity once each second, or one cycle per second.
LICENSED CARRIER
A company authorized by the FCC to construct and operate
a wireless communications facility.
LOCATION
References to site location as the exact longitude and latitude,
to the nearest tenth of a second, with bearing or orientation referenced
to true North.
MAJOR MODIFICATION OF AN EXISTING FACILITY
Any change, or proposed change, in power input or output,
number of antennas, change in antenna(s) type or model, repositioning
of antenna(s), change in number of channels per antenna above the
maximum number approved under an existing approved site plan.
MAJOR MODIFICATION OF AN EXISTING TOWER
Any increase, or proposed increase, in dimensions of an existing
and permitted tower or other structure designed to support telecommunications
transmission, receiving, and/or relaying antennas, and/or equipment.
MHZ - MEGAHERTZ
A measure of electromagnetic radiation equaling one million
hertz.
MONITORING
The measurement, by use of instruments in the field, of nonionizing
radiation exposure at a site as a whole, or from individual telecommunications
facilities, towers, antennas, or repeaters.
MONITORING PROTOCOL
The testing protocol, such as the Cobbs Protocol, or the
FCC Regulations (Title 47, Part 1, Section 1.1307 referenced as IEEE
C95.3 1991), or one substantially similar, including compliance determined
in accordance with the National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurements (Reports 86 and 119), which is to be used to monitor
emissions and determine exposure risk from existing and new telecommunications
facilities. The Copake Planning Board may, as the technology changes,
require by written regulation the use of other testing protocols.
A copy of the monitoring protocol shall be on file with the Town Clerk.
MONOPOLE
A single self-supporting vertical pole with no guy-wire anchors,
usually consisting of a galvanized or other unpainted metal, or a
wooden pole with below-grade foundations. (See "towers.")
MOUNT
The structure or surface upon which antennas are mounted,
including the following four types of mounts:
PANEL ANTENNA
A flat surface antenna usually developed in multiples.
PERSONAL WIRELESS SERVICES
Commercial mobile services, unlicensed wireless services,
and common-carrier wireless exchange access services. These services
include cellular services, personal communications systems (PCS),
specialized mobile radio services, and paging services.
PERSONAL WIRELESS SERVICE FACILITY
All equipment (including repeaters) with which a personal
wireless service provider broadcasts and receives the radio frequency
waves which carry their services, and all locations of said equipment
or any part thereof. This facility may be sited on one or more towers
or structures(s) owned and permitted by another owner or entity.
RADIAL PLOTS
The result of drawing equally spaced lines (radials) from
the point of an antenna, calculating the expected signal and indicating
this graphically on a map. The relative signal strength may be indicated
by varying the size or color at each point being studied along the
radial; a threshold plot uses a mark to indicate whether that point
is strong enough to provide adequate coverage, i.e., the points meeting
the threshold of adequate coverage. The drawback is the concentration
of points close to the antenna and the divergence of points far from
the site near the ends of the radials.
RADIATED-SIGNAL PROPAGATION STUDIES OR COVERAGE PLOTS
Computer-generated estimates of the signal emanating, and
prediction of coverage, from antennas or repeaters sited on a specific
tower or structure. The height above ground, power input and output,
frequency output, type of antenna, antenna gain, topography of the
site and its surroundings are all taken into account to create these
simulations. They are the primary tool for determining whether a site
will provide adequate coverage for the telecommunications facility
proposed for the site.
RADIO FREQUENCY ENGINEER
An engineer specializing in the design, review, and monitoring
of radio frequency technologies.
REGULATED FACILITY, SERVICE, AND/OR SITE
The equipment, towers, mount, antennas and other structures
subject to local regulation. This includes all telecommunication services
not exempt from local regulation pursuant to the Telecommunications
Act of 1996, or other such federal legislation or federal authority.
REPEATER
A small receiver/relay transmitter of not more than 20 watts'
output designed to provide service to areas which are not able to
receive adequate coverage directly from a base station.
SECURITY BARRIER
A locked, impenetrable wall, fence or beam that completely
seals an area from unauthorized entry or trespass.
SEPARATION
The distance between one carrier's array of antennas and
another carrier's array.
STANDING WAVE PHENOMENON
A localized concentration of energy. This can occur, for
instance, when radio frequencies that are supposed to take off into
space concentrate around metal objects instead (metal roofs, certain
architectural supports, water towers, guy wires, etc.), creating "RF
hot-spots" that exceed federal guidelines.
STRUCTURALLY ABLE
The determination that a tower or structure is capable of
carrying the load imposed by the proposed new antennas under all reasonably
predictable conditions as determined by professional structural engineering
analysis.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITY
All equipment (including repeaters) with which a telecommunications
provider broadcasts and receives the radio frequency waves which carry
their services and all locations of said equipment or any part thereof.
This facility may be sited on one or more towers or structures owned
and permitted by another owner or entity.
TELEPORT
A facility utilizing satellite dishes of greater than 2.0
meters in diameter designed to uplink to communications satellites
for transmitting in the C-Band (four to six GHz) spectrum.
TILED COVERAGE PLOTS
Tiled plots result from calculating the signal at uniformly
spaced locations on a rectangular grid, or tile, of the area of concern.
Unlike radial plots, tiled plots provide a uniform distribution of
points over an area of interest; usually the same grid will be used
as different sites are examined, and it is not necessary that the
transmitter site be within the grid or area of interest. As with radial
plots, the graphic display or plot can be either signal strength or
adequate threshold. This method requires substantially more topographic
data and longer (computer) execution time than radial plots, but is
preferable for comparative analysis.
TOWER
A support structure intended to support antennas and associated
equipment. This includes:
(1)
GUYED TOWERA monopole tower or lattice tower that is tied to the ground or other surface by diagonal cables.
(2)
LATTICE TOWERA type of mount that is self-supporting with multiple legs and cross bracing of structural steel.
(3)
MONOPOLE TOWERThe type of mount that is self-supporting with a single shaft of wood, steel, fiberglass, or concrete, and a platform (or racks) for panel and whip antennas arrayed at the top.