The following words and phrases when used in this article shall have the following meaning when used in this Article
IX, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
AIRCRAFT
Any contrivance, except an unpowered hang glider or parachute,
used for manned ascent into or flight through the air.
AIRPORT
Lehigh Valley International Airport ("LVIA"). Defined as
any area of land or water which is used, or intended to be used, for
the landing and takeoff of aircraft and any appurtenant areas which
are used, or intended to be used, for airport buildings or air navigation
facilities or rights-of-way, together with all airport buildings and
facilities thereon. As used herein, the term "airport" includes public
airports but excludes private airports and heliports. Public and private
airports are defined separately in this section.
AIRPORT ELEVATION
Three hundred ninety-four feet above mean sea level. Defined
as the highest point of an airport's usable landing area measured
in feet above sea level.
AIRPORT HAZARD
Any structure or object, natural or man-made, or use of land
which obstructs the airspace required for flight or aircraft in landing
or taking off at an airport or is otherwise hazardous as defined by
"airport hazard" in 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5102.
AIRPORT HAZARD AREA
Any area of land or water upon which an airport hazard might
be established if not prevented as provided for in this chapter and
the Act 164 of 1984 (Pennsylvania Laws relating to aviation).
APPROACH SURFACE
A surface longitudinally centered on the extended runway center line, extending outward and upward from the end of the primary surface and at the same slope as the approach surface zone height limitation slope set forth in §
280-63 of this article. In plan the perimeter of the approach surface coincides with the perimeter of the approach surface zone.
CONICAL SURFACE
A surface extending outward and upward from the periphery
of the horizontal surface at a slope of 20 to one for a horizontal
distance of 4,000 feet.
DEPARTMENT
Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration of the United States Department
of Transportation.
HEIGHT
For the purpose of determining the height limits in all zones
set forth in this article and shown on the Zoning Map, the datum shall
be mean sea level elevation unless otherwise specified.
HORIZONTAL SURFACE
A horizontal plane 150 feet above the established airport
elevation, the perimeter of which in plan coincides with the perimeter
of the horizontal surface zone.
LARGER THAN UTILITY RUNWAY
A runway that is constructed for and intended to be used
by propeller driven aircraft of greater than 12,500 pounds maximum
gross weight and jet powered aircraft.
NONPRECISION INSTRUMENT RUNWAY
A runway having an existing instrument approach procedure
utilizing air navigation facilities with only horizontal guidance,
or area type navigation equipment, for which a straight-in nonprecision
instrument approach procedure has been approved or planned.
OBSTRUCTION
Any structure, growth or other object, including a mobile object, which exceeds a limiting height set forth in §
280-63 of this article.
PERSON
An individual, firm, partnership, corporation, company, association,
joint stock association, or governmental entity; includes a trustee,
a receiver, an assignee, or a similar representative of any of them.
PRECISION INSTRUMENT RUNWAY
A runway having an existing instrument approach procedure
utilizing an instrument landing system (ILS) or a precision approach
radar (PAR). It also means a runway for which a precision approach
system is planned and is so indicated on an approved airport layout
plan or any other planning document.
PRIMARY SURFACE
A surface longitudinally centered on a runway. When the runway has a specially prepared hard surface, the primary surface extends 200 feet beyond each end of that runway. For military runways or when the runway has no specially prepared hard surface, or planned hard surface, the primary surface ends at each end of that runway. The width of the primary surface is set forth in §
280-63 of this article. The elevation of any point on the primary surface is the same as the elevation of the nearest point on the runway center line.
PRIVATE AIRPORT
An airport which is privately owned and which is not open
or intended to be open to the public as defined in 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5102.
PUBLIC AIRPORT
An airport which is either publicly or privately owned and
which is open to the public as defined in 74 Pa.C.S.A. § 5102.
RUNWAY
A defined area on an airport prepared for landing and takeoff
of aircraft along its length.
STRUCTURE
For the sole purposes of Article
IX, shall mean an object, including a mobile object, constructed or installed by man, including but without limitation, buildings, towers, cranes, smokestacks, earth formation and overhead transmission lines.
TRANSITIONAL SURFACES
These surfaces extend outward at 90° angles to the runway
center line and the runway center line extended at a slope of seven
feet horizontally for each foot vertically from the sides of the primary
and approach surfaces to where they intersect the horizontal and conical
surfaces. Transitional surfaces for those portions of the precision
approach surfaces, which project through and beyond the limits of
the conical surface, extend a distance of 5,000 feet measured horizontally
from the edge of the approach surface and at 90° angles to the
extended runway center line.
TREE
Any object of natural growth.
UTILITY RUNWAY
A runway that is constructed for and intended to be used
by propeller driven aircraft of 12,500 pounds maximum gross weight
or less.
VISUAL RUNWAY
A runway intended solely for the operation of aircraft using
visual approach procedures.
In order to carry out the provisions of this
article, there are hereby created and established certain zones which
include all of the land lying beneath the approach surfaces, transitional
surfaces, horizontal surfaces and conical surfaces. Such zones are
shown on the ABE Airport Height Limitation and Zoning District Map
prepared by the PA Department of Transportation, Bureau of Aviation,
and dated Spring 1989, which is hereby included by reference and made
a part hereof. An area located in more than one of the following zones
is considered to be only in the zone with the more restrictive height
limitation. The various zones are hereby established and defined as
follows:
A. Utility runway visual approach surface zone. Established
beneath the visual approach surface. The inner edge of this zone coincides
with the width of the primary surface and is 250 feet wide. The zone
expands outward uniformly to a width of 1,250 feet at a horizontal
distance of 5,000 feet from the primary surface. Its center line is
the continuation of the center line of the runway.
B. Utility runway nonprecision instrument approach surface
zone. Established beneath the nonprecision instrument approach surface.
The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary
surface and is 500 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to
a width of 2,000 feet at a horizontal distance 5,000 feet from the
primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center
line of the runway.
C. Runway larger than utility visual approach surface
zone. Established beneath the visual approach surface. The inner edge
of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface and is
500 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width of 1,500
feet at a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet from the primary surface.
Its center line is the continuation of the center line of the runway.
D. Runway larger than utility with a visibility minimum
greater than 3/4 mile nonprecision instrument approach surface zone.
Established beneath the nonprecision instrument approach surface.
The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary
surface and is 500 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to
a width of 3,500 feet at a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet from
the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center
line of the runway.
E. Runway larger than utility with a visibility minimum
as low as 3/4 mile nonprecision instrument approach surface zone.
Established beneath the nonprecision instrument approach surface.
The inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary
surface and is 1,000 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly
to a width of 4,000 feet at a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet from
the primary surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center
line of the runway.
F. Precision instrument runway approach surface zone.
Established beneath the precision instrument approach surface. The
inner edge of this zone coincides with the width of the primary surface
and is 1,000 feet wide. The zone expands outward uniformly to a width
of 16,000 feet at a horizontal distance of 50,000 feet from the primary
surface. Its center line is the continuation of the center line of
the runway.
G. Transitional surface zones. Established beneath the
transitional surfaces adjacent to each runway and approach surface
as indicated on the Height Limitation and Zoning District Map.
H. Horizontal surface zone. Established beneath the horizontal
surface, 150 feet above the established airport elevation, the perimeter
of which is constructed by swinging arcs of 5,000 feet radii for visual
or utility runways and 1,000 feet radii for all other runways from
the center of each end of the primary surface of each runway and connecting
the adjacent arcs by drawing lines tangent to those arcs. The horizontal
surface zone does not include the approach surface and transitional
surface zones.
I. Conical surface zone. Established beneath the conical
surface. This zone commences at the periphery of the horizontal surface
and extends outward therefrom a horizontal distance of 4,000 feet.
Except as otherwise provided in this article,
no structure shall be erected, altered or maintained, and no tree
shall be allowed to grow in any zone created by this article to a
height in excess of the applicable height limit herein established
for such zone. Such applicable height limitations are hereby established
for each of the zones in question as follows:
A. Utility runway visual approach surface zone. Slopes
20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of and at
the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to a horizontal
distance of 5,000 feet along the extended runway center line.
B. Utility runway nonprecision instrument approach surface
zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the
end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending
to a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet along the extended runway center
line.
C. Runway larger than utility visual approach surface
zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the
end of and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending
to a horizontal distance of 5,000 feet along the extended runway center
line.
D. Runway larger than utility with a visibility minimum
greater than 3/4 mile nonprecision instrument approach surface zone.
Slopes 34 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of
and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to
a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet along the extended runway center
line.
E. Runway larger than utility with a visibility minimum
as low as 3/4 mile nonprecision instrument approach surface zone.
Slopes 34 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of
and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to
a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet along the extended runway center
line.
F. Precision instrument runway approach surface zone.
Slopes 50 feet outward for each foot upward beginning at the end of
and at the same elevation as the primary surface and extending to
a horizontal distance of 10,000 feet along the extended runway center
line; thence slopes upward 40 feet horizontally for each foot vertically
to an additional horizontal distance of 40,000 feet along the extended
runway center line.
G. Transitional surface zones. Slopes seven feet outward
for each foot upward beginning at the sides of and at the same elevation
as the primary surface and the approach surface, and extending to
a height of 150 feet above the airport elevation which is 394 feet
above mean sea level. In addition to the foregoing when an airport
has a precision instrument runway approach zone, there are established
height limits sloping seven feet outward for each foot upward beginning
at the sides of and at the same elevation as the approach surface,
and extending to where they intersect the conical surface. Where the
precision instrument runway approach zone projects beyond the conical
zone, there are established height limits sloping seven feet outward
for each foot upward beginning at the sides of and at the same elevation
as the approach surface, and extending a horizontal distance of 5,000
feet measured at 90° angles to the extended runway center line.
H. Horizontal surface zone. Established at 150 feet above
the established airport elevation or at a height of 544 feet above
mean sea level.
I. Conical surface zone. Slopes 20 feet outward for each
foot upward beginning at the periphery of the horizontal surface and
at 150 feet above the established airport elevation and extending
to a height of 350 feet above the established airport elevation or
at a height of 744 feet above mean sea level.
J. Excepted height limitations. Nothing in this article
shall be construed as prohibiting the construction or maintenance
of any structure, or growth of any tree to a height up to 45 feet
above the surface of the land.