The following is a chronological listing of legislation of the City of Troy adopted since the publication of the Code, indicating its inclusion in the Code or the reason for its exclusion. [Enabling legislation which is not general and permanent in nature is considered to be non-Code material (NCM).] Information regarding legislation which is not included in the Code nor on this list is available from the office of the City Clerk. The last legislation reviewed for the original publication of the Code was a resolution adopted 1-3-2002.
Enactment
Adoption Date
Subject
Disposition
Ord. No. 2
2-7-2002
Parks and recreation amendment
Ch. 216
Ord. No. 3
2-7-2002
Buildings, housing and zoning amendment
Chs. 141, 176, 285
Res. No. 6
2-7-2002
Personnel policies amendment
Ch. 67, Schedule A
L.L. No. 2-2002
2-20-2002
Charter amendment
Ch. C
L.L. No. 3-2002
2-20-2002
Charter amendment
Ch. C
L.L. No. 4-2002
5-2-2002
Creation of Charter Revision Committee
NCM
Ord. No. 12
6-6-2002
Noise amendment
Ch. 201
L.L. No. 5-2002
6-6-2002
Charter amendment
Ch. C
Ord. No. 11
7-11-2002
Obstruction of persons amendment
Ch. 195
Ord. No. 12
7-11-2002
Deposit of offensive matter on streets
Ch. 220, Art. III
Ord. No. 13
7-11-2002
Moratorium
NCM
Ord. No. 16
7-11-2002
Spitting in public places
Ch. 220, Art. IV
L.L. No. 6-2002
7-23-2002
Economic Development Zone boundary amendment
NCM (See Ch. 35)
L.L. No. 7-2002
8-1-2002
Retirement incentive program
NCM
L.L. No. 8-2002
10-3-2002
Charter amendment
Ch. C
Ord. No. 8
10-3-2002
Parks and recreation amendment
Ch. 216
Ord. No. 3
12-5-2002
Moratorium
NCM
Ord. No. 4
12-5-2002
Animals amendment; nuisances: Mayor's powers; assignment of points for offenses
Chs. 124; 205, Art. III
Ord. No. 7
1-2-2003
Animals amendment; nuisances: Mayor's powers; assignment of points for offenses
Chs. 124; 205, Art. III
Ord. No. 8
1-2-2003
Hawking, vending, soliciting and peddling amendment
Ch. 224, Art. I
L.L. No. 1-2003
2-6-2003
Business Improvement Districts
Ch. 13
L.L. No. 2-2003
3-6-2003
Tax exemptions for persons with disabilities amendment
Ch. 257, Art. VII
L.L. No. 3-2003
3-6-2003
Senior citizens tax exemption amendment
Ch. 257, Art. IV
Ord. No. 4
5-1-2003
Solid waste amendment
Ch. 247
Ord. No. 1
6-5-2003
Moratorium
NCM
Ord. No. 6
6-5-2003
Buildings amendment
Ch. 141
Ord. No. 4
7-3-2003
Nuisances: Mayor's powers; assignment of points for offenses amendment; solid waste amendment
Ch. 205, Art. III; Ch. 247
L.L. No. 4-2003
10-2-2003
Adoption of Code
Ch. 1, Art. I
L.L. No. 5-2003
10-2-2003
Charter amendment
Ch. C
Ord. No. 3
1-8-2004
Water and sewer charges
NCM
Ord. No. 4
1-8-2004
City Assessor Authority
NCM
Res. No. 1
1-8-2004
Rules of order amendment
Ch. 2, Art. V
L.L. No. 1-2004
3-4-2004
Tax exemption for persons with disabilities amendment
Ch. 257, Art. VII
L.L. No. 2-2004
3-4-2004
Senior citizens tax exemption amendment
Ch. 257, Art. IV
Ord. No. 7
3-4-2004
City Comptroller Authority
NCM
Ord. No. 3
4-1-2004
Littering amendment
Ch. 188
Ord. No. 4
4-1-2004
Loitering amendment
Ch. 195
L.L. No. 3-2004
5-6-2004
Signs amendment
Ch. 141; Ch. 285
Ord. No. 5
6-3-2004
Local historical districts
NCM
L.L. No. 4-2004
6-15-2004
Planning Commission repealer
Ch. 71
L.L. No. 5-2004
6-15-2004
Charter amendment
Ch. C
L.L. No. 6-2004
6-15-2004
City Planning Board
Repealed by L.L. No. 1-2012
L.L. No. 7-2004
6-15-2004
Business Improvement District
NCM
L.L. No. 8-2004
6-15-2004
South Troy Waterfront Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
L.L. No. 9-2004
9-2-2004
Peace and good order: business hours of mercantile establishments
Ch. 220, Art. V
Ord. No. 6
9-2-2004
Curfew
Ch. 195, Art. II
Ord. No. 5
1-11-2005
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 7
1-11-2005
Troy Economic Development Zone Water Rate Incentive Program terminated
NCM
L.L. No. 10-2004
3-3-2005
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 6
3-3-2005
Parks and recreation amendment
Ch. 216
Ord. No. 9
4-7-2005
Director of Recreation
Ch. 216, Art. II
Ord. No. 10
5-5-2005
Parks and recreation amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
L.L. No. 1-2005
9-1-2005
Taxation: home improvement exemption
Ch. 257, Art. X
L.L. No. 2-2005
12-1-2005
Economic Development Zone: request for boundary amendment
NCM (See Ch. 35)
Ord. No. 1
12-1-2005
Peace and good order: appearance tickets
Ch. 220, Art. VI
Ord. No. 2
12-1-2005
Buildings amendment
Ch. 141
Ord. No. 6
12-1-2005
Buildings amendment
Ch. 141
Res. No. 1 (organizational meeting)
1-5-2006
Administration amendment
Ch. 2
Res. No. 1 (regular meeting)
1-5-2006
Investment policy
NCM
L.L. No. 1-2006
1-5-2006
Empire Zone: request for boundary amendment
NCM (See Ch. 35)
Ord. No. 2
1-5-2006
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 2
3-2-2006
Parks and recreation fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 4
4-6-2006
Junked vehicles amendment
Ch. 275, Art. I
Ord. No. 1
5-4-2006
Animals amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 5
5-4-2006
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
L.L. No. 2-2006
7-6-2006
Empire Zone boundary amendment
NCM (See Ch. 35)
L.L. No. 3-2006
7-6-2006
Historic property improvement tax exemption
Ch. 257, Art. XI
Ord. No. 3
12-7-2006
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 2
1-4-2007
Officers and employees: bonds required of certain officers amendment
Ch. 60, Art. II
Ord. No. 8
2-1-2007
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 10
3-1-2007
Parks and recreation: general provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
L.L. No. 1-2007
3-22-2007
Senior citizens tax exemption amendment
Ch. 257, Art. IV
L.L. No. 2-2007
3-22-2007
Tax exemption for persons with disabilities amendment
Ch. 257, Art. VII
L.L. No. 3-2007
5-3-2007
Zoning Map amendment
NCM
Ord. No. 2
5-3-2007
Recycling amendment
Ch. 234
Ord. No. 6
8-2-2007
Community social host and underage drinking
Ch. 130
L.L. No. 4-2007
10-4-2007
Storm sewers: illicit discharges, activities and connections
Ch. 286, Art. I
L.L. No. 5-2007
10-4-2007
Tax exemption for first-time homebuyers of newly constructed homes
Ch. 258
Ord. No. 3
3-6-2008
Parks and recreation: General provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
L.L. No. 1-2008
4-3-2008
Erosion, sediment control and stormwater management
Ch. 159
L.L. No. 2-2008
4-3-2008
Creation of Charter Revision Commission
NCM
Ord. No. 5
4-3-2008
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 6
4-3-2008
Administration amendment
Ch. 2
Ord. No. 12
4-3-2008
Code of Ethics amendment
Ch. 43
Ord. No. 1
6-5-2008
Terms of employment for Chief and Assistant Chiefs of Police
Ch. 79, Art. IV
Ord. No. 9
8-7-2008
Electricians amendment
Ch. 148
Ord. No. 6
10-2-2008
Landlord registry
Ch. 177
L.L. No. 3-2008
2-5-2009
Cold War veterans tax exemption
Ch. 257, Art. XII
L.L. No. 1-2009
4-2-2009
Charter amendment
C-11A
L.L. No. 2-2009
4-2-2009
Charter amendment
C-76
Ord. No. 1
5-7-2009
Parks and recreation: General provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 2
5-7-2009
Nuisances: Mayor's powers: assignment of Points for Offenses amendment
Ch. 205, Art. III
L.L. No. 3-2009
7-9-2009
Establishment of Business Improvement District
NCM
Ord. No. 3
8-6-2009
Parks and recreation: General provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 4
8-6-2009
Animals amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 4
11-5-2009
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
L.L. No. 4-2009
12-3-2009
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
L.L. No. 5-2009
12-3-2009
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Res. No. 12 (regular meeting)
12-3-2009
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 3
3-4-2010
Dealers in used precious metals amendment
Ch. 224, Art. II
L.L. No. 1-2010
4-1-2010
Charter amendment
C-15; C-16
Ord. No. 1
4-1-2010
Nuisances: Mayor's powers; assignment of points for offenses amendment
Ch. 205, Art. III
Ord. No. 5
4-1-2010
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 1
5-6-2010
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 5
6-3-2010
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 5
7-8-2010
Animals amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 9
10-7-2010
Curfew amendment
Ch. 195, Art. II
Ord. No. 10
10-7-2010
Animals amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 11
10-7-2010
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
L.L. No. 1-2011
2-3-2011
Financial reports
Ch. 45
Ord. No. 4
2-3-2011
Plumbing amendment
Ch. 228
Ord. No. 3
3-3-2011
Department of Public Utilities Code of Rules and Regulations amendment
See Ch. 264, Art. II
Ord. No. 4
4-7-2011
Moratorium
NCM
Ord. No. 1
5-5-2011
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 2
5-5-2011
Immobilization, towing and storage of vehicles amendment
Ch. 273
Ord. No. 5
9-1-2011
Housing and property maintenance amendment
Ch. 176
Ord. No. 3
10-6-2011
Housing and property maintenance amendment
Ch. 176
Ord. No. 6
11-3-2011
Code of Ethics amendment
Ch. 43
Ord. No. 3
12-1-2011
Tax exemption for first-time homebuyers of newly constructed homes amendment
Ch. 258
L.L. No. 1-2012
2-2-2012
Planning Board repealer
Ch. 72, reference only
L.L. No. 2-2012
2-2-2012
Planning Commission
Ch. 71
Ord. No. 1
3-1-2012
Code of Ethics amendment
Ch. 43
Ord. No. 3
3-1-2012
Landlord registry amendment
Ch. 177
Ord. No. 6
3-1-2012
Parks and recreation; general provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
L.L. No. 3-2012
6-7-2012
Secondhand dealers
Ch. 242
L.L. No. 4-2012
4-5-2012
Dealers in precious metals amendment
Ch. 224, Art. II
Ord. No. 3
5-3-2012
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 5
5-3-2012
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 1
6-7-2012
Parks and recreation: general provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 3
6-7-2012
Streets and sidewalks amendment
Ch. 251
Ord. No. 1
8-2-2012
Zoning amendment (moratorium extension)
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 2
8-2-2012
Electricians amendment
Ch. 148
Ord. No. 3
9-6-2012
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 4
9-6-2012
Peace and good order: graffiti
Ch. 220, Art. VII
Ord. No. 2
1-3-2013
Zoning amendment (moratorium extension)
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 9
2-7-2013
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 10
2-7-2013
Animals amendment
Ch. 124
L.L. No. 1-2013
Tabled
Ord. No. 19
Tabled
Ord. No. 20
Tabled
Ord. No. 22
Not adopted
Ord. No. 30
5-2-2013
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
L.L. No. 2-2013
6-6-2013
Charter amendment
C-72
Ord. No. 37
6-6-2013
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 38
6-6-2013
Community Relations Committee amendment
Ch. 22
Ord. No. 62
9-5-2013
Animals amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 63
10-3-2013
Plumbing amendment
Ch. 228
Ord. No. 72
12-5-2013
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 86
12-5-2013
Immobilization, towing and storage of vehicles amendment
Ch. 273
Ord. No. 14
4-3-2014
Joint Task Force on Sustainability and Climate Smart Practices in Community Planning
Ch. 53
Ord. No. 20
6-5-2014
City-owned property: Troy Community Land Bank
Ch. 83, Art. III
Ord. No. 35
6-5-2014
Complete streets
Ch. 271
Ord. No. 43
6-26-2014
Parks and recreation: general provisions; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 44
7-10-2014
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 53
9-4-2014
Littering amendment
Ch. 188
Ord. No. 56
9-4-2014
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 58
9-4-2014
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 61
10-2-2014
Curfew amendment
Ch. 195, Art. II
Ord. No. 78
12-4-2014
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 10
2-5-2015
Planning Commission amendment
Ch. 71
Ord. No. 21
3-5-2015
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 22
3-5-2015
Immobilization, towing and storage of vehicles amendment
Ch. 273
Ord. No. 23
3-5-2015
Parks and recreation: general provisons; fees amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 30
4-2-2015
Taxicabs amendment
Ch. 260
Ord. No. 39
5-7-2015
Officers and employees: vehicle usage policy amendment
Ch. 60, Art. V
Ord. No. 45
5-7-2015
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 46
5-7-2015
Streets and sidewalks amendment
Ch. 251
Ord. No. 47
5-7-2015
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 49
5-7-2015
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 51
5-7-2015
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 52
5-7-2015
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 53
6-4-2015
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 59
6-4-2015
Taxicabs amendment
Ch. 260
Ord. No. 65
7-9-2015
Housing and property maintenance
Ch. 176
Ord. No. 66
7-9-2015
Streets and sidewalks amendment
Ch. 251
Ord. No. 75
8-6-2015
Administration amendment
Ch. 2
Ord. No. 76
7-23-2015
Commission on Human Rights amendment
Ch. 51
Ord. No. 77
7-23-2015
Commission on Human Rights amendment
Ch. 51
Ord. No. 78
7-23-2015
Officers and employees: affirmative action amendment
Ch. 60, Art. III
Ord. No. 79
7-23-2015
Personnel policies: employee discrimination and harassment amendment
Superseded by Ord. No. 99
Ord. No. 80
7-23-2015
Public Employment Relations Board amendment
Ch. 87
L.L. No. 1-2015
10-1-2015
Energize NY Benefit Financing Program
Ch. 37
Ord. No. 104
12-3-2015
Noise amendment
Ch. 201
Ord. No. 109
12-3-2015
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 113
12-17-2015
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
L.L. No. 1-2016
5-5-2016
Charter amendment
C-70
L.L. No. 2-2016
11-3-2015
Charter
Charter
L.L. No. 3-2016
9-8-2016
Charter amendment
C-47
L.L. No. 4-2016
10-6-2016
Charter amendment
C-6; C-14; C-18; C-47; C-52; C, Art. XII
L.L. No. 5-2016
12-12-2016
Tax levy limit override
NCM
Ord. No. 18
4-7-2016
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 45
6-2-2016
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
Ord. No. 48
7-7-2016
Vehicles and traffic amendment
Ch. 270
Ord. No. 60
9-8-2016
Housing and property maintenance amendment
Ch. 176
Ord. No. 62
9-8-2016
Streets and sidewalks amendment
Ch. 251
Ord. No. 71
10-6-2016
City-owned property: surplus City property amendment
Ch. 83, Art. I
Ord. No. 79
11-3-2016
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 80
11-3-2016
Building Code amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
Ord. No. 85
9-7-2017
Zoning amendment
Ch. 285
L.L. No. 1-2017
11-2-2017
Best Value Purchasing
NCM
L.L. No. 2-2017
12-7-2017
Charter Amendment
Ch. C
Ord. No. 128
11-29-2017
Taxicabs Amendment
Ch. 260
Ord. No. 133
12-29-2017
Recycling Amendment
Ch. 234
Ord. No. 134
12-29-2017
Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 247
Ord. No. 9
3-1-2018
Financial Reports Amendment
Ch. 45
Ord. No. 27
5-3-2018
Tax Exemption for First-Time Homebuyers of Newly Constructed Homes Amendment
Ch. 258
L.L. No. 1-2018
5-3-2018
Taxation: Exemption for Cold War Veterans Amendment
Ch. 257, Art. XII
Ord. No. 38
6-7-2018
Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 247
Ord. No. 39
6-7-2018
Nuisances: Mayor's Powers; Assignment of Points for Offenses Amendment
Ch. 205, Art. III
Ord. No. 42
7-12-2018
Animals Amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 43
7-12-2018
Tattoo Parlors Amendment
Ch. 255
Ord. No. 44
7-12-2018
Animals Amendment
Ch. 124
Ord. No. 45
7-12-2018
Animals Amendment
Ch. 124
L.L. No. 2-2018
9-6-2018
Energize NY Benefit Financing Program Amendment
Ch. 37
Ord. No. 84
9-6-2018
Application Processing Restrictions
Ch. 126
Ord. No. 99
10-9-2018
Personnel Policies: Anti-Harassment and Discrimination Policy
Ch. 67, Art. IV
Ord. No. 102
11-29-2018
Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 247
Ord. No. 103
11-29-2018
Recycling Amendment
Ch. 234
Ord. No. 104
11-29-2018
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
Ord. No. 129
12-6-2018
Animals Amendment
Ch. 124
Enactment
Adoption Date
Subject
Disposition
Supp. No.
L.L. No. 1-2019
3-7-2019
Charter Amendment
Ch. C
23
Ord. No. 32
5-2-2019
Environmental Conservation Commission Amendment
Ch. 39
23
Ord. No. 34
5-2-2019
Property, City-Owned: Surplus City Property Amendment
Ch. 83, Art. I
23
Ord. No. 58
7-11-2019
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
23
Ord. No. 60
7-11-2019
Environmental Conservation Commission Amendment
Ch. 39
23
Ord. No. 71
9-5-2019
Electricians Amendment
Ch. 148
23
Ord. No. 72
9-5-2019
Plumbing Amendment
Ch. 228
23
Ord. No. 73
9-5-2019
Plastics, Disposable: Polystyrene Foam Food Service Ware, Plastic Straws, and Plastic Bags
Ch. 189, Art. I
23
Ord. No. 81
10-3-2019
Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 247
23
Ord. No. 93
10-3-2019
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
23
Ord. No. 100
11-7-2019
Domestic Partnerships
Ch. 145
23
Ord. No. 113
12-5-2019
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
24
Res. No. 1
1-2-2020
Administration Amendment
Ch. 2
24
L.L. No. 1-2020
3-5-2020
Community Choice Aggregation Program
Ch. 143
25
Ord. No. 21
3-5-2020
Vehicles and Traffic Amendment
Ch. 270
25
Res. No. 27
3-5-2020
Police Department: Police Objective Review Board Amendment
Ch. 79, Art. II
25
Ord. No. 43
7-16-2020
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
26
Ord. No. 68
9-10-2020
Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 247
26
Ord. No. 91
11-25-2020
Vehicles and Traffic Amendment
Ch. 270
27
Ord. No. 92
11-25-2020
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
27
L.L. No. 1-2021
5-7-2021
Charter Amendment
Ch. C
27
Ord. No. 33
6-3-2021
Recycling Amendment; Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 234; Ch. 247
27
Ord. No. 40
6-3-2021
Vehicles, Off-Road
Ch. 274
27
Ord. No. 49
6-17-2021
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
29
Ord. No. 53
6-17-2021
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
29
Ord. No. 45
7-8-2021
Animals Amendment
Ch. 124
28
Ord. No. 77
10-7-2021
Solid Waste Amendment
Ch. 247
28
L.L. No. 2-2021
12-16-2021
Planning Commission Amendment
Ch. 71
28
Res. No. 1
1-4-2022
Administration Amendment
Ch. 2
28
Ord. No. 22
5-26-2022
Streets and Sidewalks Amendment
Ch. 251
29
L.L. No. 1-2024
2-22-2024
Taxation: Senior Citizens Exemption Amendment; Exemptions for Persons With Disabilities Amendment
Ch. 257, Art. IV; Ch. 257, Art. VII
30
L.L. No. 2-2024
4-4-2024
Officers and Employees: Residency Requirement for Certain Employees Amendment
Ch. 60, Art. IV
30
L.L. No. 3-2024
7-25-2024
Planning Commission Repealer
Ch. 71, reference only
30
Ord. No. 41
8-8-2024
Planning Board
Ch. 72
31
Ord. No. 50
9-19-2024
Electricians Amendment; Plumbing Amendment
Ch. 148; Ch. 228
32
Ord. No. 5
2-6-2025
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
31
Ord. No. 45
10-2-2025
Police Department: Police Objective Review Board Amendment
Ch. 79, Art. II
32
Ord. No. 62
12-1-2025
Buildings: Building Code Amendment
Ch. 141, Art. I
33
Ord. No. 63
12-1-2025
Parks and Recreation: General Provisions; Fees Amendment
Ch. 216, Art. I
33
Ord. No. 64
12-1-2025
Vehicles and Traffic Amendment
Ch. 270
33
L.L. No. 4-2025
12-18-2025
Business Improvement District Plan Amendment
NCM
33
Res. No. 1
1-5-2026
Administration Amendment
Ch. 2
33