The purpose of this article is to alleviate or prevent the congestion
of the public streets and so promote the safety and welfare of the
public by establishing minimum requirements for the off-street parking
and loading and unloading of motor vehicles in accordance with the
use to which property is put.
A.
Scope of regulations. The off-street parking and loading provisions
of this chapter shall apply as follows:
(1)
For all buildings and structures erected and all uses of land established
after the effective date of this chapter, accessory parking and loading
facilities shall be provided as required by the regulations of the
district in which such buildings or uses are located. However, where
a permit has been issued prior to the effective date of this chapter,
and provided that construction is begun within one year of such effective
date, and diligently prosecuted to completion, parking and loading
facilities as required hereinafter need not be provided.
(2)
When the intensity of use of any building, structure or premises
shall be increased through the addition of dwelling units, gross floor
area, seating capacity or other units of measurement specified herein
for required parking or loading facilities, parking and loading facilities
as required herein shall be provided for such increase in intensity
of use.
(3)
However, no building or structure lawfully erected or use lawfully
established prior to the effective date of this chapter shall be required
to provide such additional parking or loading facilities unless and
until the aggregate increase in units of measurement shall equal not
less than 15% of the units of measurement existing upon the effective
date of this chapter, in which event parking or loading facilities
as required herein shall be provided for the total increase.
(4)
Whenever the existing use of a building or structure shall be changed
hereafter to a new use, parking or loading facilities shall be provided
as required for such new use. However, if the building or structure
was erected prior to the effective date of this chapter, additional
parking or loading facilities are mandatory only in the amount by
which the requirements for the new use would exceed those for the
existing use if the latter were subject to the parking and loading
provisions of this chapter.
B.
Existing central business districts of municipalities subject to
the provision of this chapter shall be exempt from the off-street
parking requirements herein.
C.
Permissive parking and loading facilities. Nothing in this chapter
shall be deemed to prevent the voluntary establishment of off-street
parking or loading facilities to serve any existing use of land or
buildings, provided that all regulations herein governing the location,
design, improvement and operation of such facilities are adhered to.
D.
Damage or destruction. For any conforming or legally nonconforming
building or use which is in existence on the effective date of this
chapter, which subsequent thereto is damaged or destroyed by fire,
collapse, explosion or other cause, and which is reconstructed, reestablished
or repaired, off-street parking or loading facilities equivalent to
any maintained at the time of such damage or destruction shall be
restored or continued in operation. However, in no case shall it be
necessary to restore or maintain parking or loading facilities in
excess of those required by this chapter for equivalent new uses or
construction.
E.
Control of off-site parking facilities. When required parking facilities
are provided on land other than the zoning lot on which the building
or use served by such facilities is located, they shall be and remain
in the same possession or ownership as the zoning lot occupied by
the building or use to which the parking facilities are accessory.
No such off-site parking facilities shall be authorized and no certificate
of zoning compliance shall be issued where the plans call for parking
facilities other than on the same zoning lot until and unless the
Board of Appeals has reviewed the plans and heard the applicant and
made findings that the common ownership or possession of the zoning
lot and the site of the parking facilities are reasonably certain
to continue and that the off-site parking facilities will be maintained
at all times during the life of the proposed use of the building.
[Amended 7-10-1973]
F.
Submission of plot plan. Any application for an improvement location
permit for a certificate of occupancy where no permit is required
shall include therewith a plot plan, drawn to scale and fully dimensioned,
showing any parking or loading facilities to be provided in compliance
with this chapter.
[Amended 7-10-1973]
A.
Use of residential parking facilities. Off-street parking facilities
accessory to a residential dwelling in a residential zoning district
may park outdoors no more than two commercial vehicles owned or used
by the resident of the dwelling not to exceed 10,000 pounds per vehicle.
No more than two additional commercial vehicles shall be parked or
stored inside of a permitted structure.
[Amended 8-11-2016 by Ord. No. 16-08-1451]
(1)
Commercial vehicle; definition: any motor vehicle or trailer typically
used for business, industrial, office or institutional purposes. For
purposes of this section the phrase "commercial vehicle" shall include
self-propelled vehicles, vehicles that are not self-propelled such
as utility trailers and other types of trailers designed or used to
store or haul equipment and materials and the combination of self-propelled
vehicles and vehicles that are not self-propelled.
B.
Joint parking facilities. Off-street parking facilities for different
buildings, structures or uses, or for mixed uses, may be provided
collectively in any zoning district in which separate parking facilities
for each constituent use would be permitted, provided that the total
number of spaces so located together shall not be less than the sum
of the separate requirements for each use.
C.
Computation. When determination of the number of off-street parking
spaces required by this chapter results in a requirement of a fractional
space, any fraction of 1/2 or less may be disregarded, while a fraction
in excess of 1/2 shall be counted as one parking space.
D.
Size. A required off-street parking space shall be at least nine
feet in width and at least 20 feet in length, exclusive of access
drives or aisles, ramps, columns or office or work areas. Such space
shall have a vertical clearance of at least seven feet.
E.
Access. Each required off-street parking space shall open directly
upon an aisle or driveway of such width and design as to provide safe
and efficient means of vehicular access to such parking space. All
off-street parking facilities shall be designed with appropriate means
of vehicular access to a street or alley in a manner which will least
interfere with traffic movements. No driveway across public property
nor curb cut shall exceed a width of 40 feet.
F.
In yards. Off-street parking required for uses permitted in residential
districts may be located in a required rear yard only. Off-street
parking for permitted uses in manufacturing, industrial or business
districts may be located in a required rear or side yard, except the
10 feet adjacent to the rear or side lot line adjacent to a residential
district.
G.
Open and enclosed parking spaces. Accessory parking spaces located
on the same lot as occupied by the use served may be open to the sky
or enclosed in a building. Accessory parking spaces located in a residence
district elsewhere than on the same lot occupied by the use served
shall be open to the sky except when otherwise allowed.
H.
Screening and landscaping. All open automobile parking areas containing
more than four parking spaces shall be effectively screened on each
side adjoining or fronting on any property situated in a residence
district or any institutional property by a wall, fence or densely
planted compact hedge not less than five feet nor more than seven
feet in height. Such required screening shall conform with the front
yard requirements of the district in which the parking is located.
I.
Surfacing. All open off-street parking areas, except a single parking
space accessory to a one-family dwelling, shall be improved with a
compacted macadam base or equal, not less than four inches thick,
surfaced with asphaltic concrete or some comparable all-weather dustless
material.
J.
Lighting. Any lighting used to illuminate off-street parking areas
shall be directed away from residential properties in such a way as
not to create a nuisance.
K.
Signs. Accessory signs are permitted on parking areas.
L.
Repair and service.
(1)
No
motor vehicle repair work of any kind shall be permitted in conjunction
with accessory off-street parking facilities provided in a residence
district.
(2)
The
sale of gasoline and motor oil in conjunction with accessory off-street
parking facilities is not permitted in any residence district.
M.
Floor area exemptions. When two or more uses are located on the same
zoning lot, only one exemption in terms of floor area, as set forth
in the Schedule of Parking Requirements below, shall be taken.
The location of off-street parking spaces in relation to the
use served shall be as prescribed hereinafter. All distances specified
shall be walking distances between such parking spaces and a main
entrance to the use served.
A.
Uses in a residence district. Parking spaces accessory to dwellings
shall be located on the same zoning lot as the use served. Spaces
accessory to uses other than dwellings may be located on a lot adjacent
to, or directly across a street or alley from, the lot occupied by
the use served, but in no case at a distance in excess of 300 feet
from such use.
B.
Uses in business and manufacturing districts. All required parking
spaces shall be within 500 feet of the use served, except for spaces
accessory to dwelling units (except those located in a transient hotel),
which shall be within 300 feet of the use served. However, no parking
spaces accessory to a use in a business or manufacturing district
shall be located in a residence district, except that private, free,
off-street parking accessory to such uses and municipal parking lots
may be allowed by special use permit in accordance with the administrative
section, within 200 feet of and adjacent to any business or industrial
district.[1]
For the following uses, accessory off-street parking spaces
shall be provided as required hereinafter. Parking spaces required
on an employee basis shall be based on the maximum number of employees
on duty, or residing, or both, on the premises at any one time.
A.
Residential uses, as follows:
(1)
One-family dwellings and two-family dwellings: One parking space
shall be provided for each dwelling unit.
(2)
Multiple-family dwellings (including apartment-hotels): Three parking
spaces shall be provided for every two dwelling units. For lodging
rooms located in an apartment-hotel, one parking space shall be provided
for each two lodging rooms.
(3)
Tourist courts, tourist homes, motels and motor hotels: One parking
space shall be provided for each dwelling unit or lodging room, plus
one space for the manager and each employee, plus parking as required
herein for other ancillary uses such as restaurants and meeting rooms.
(4)
Hotels, transient: One parking space for each dwelling unit and one
parking space for each two lodging rooms shall be provided.
(5)
Lodging houses: One parking space shall be provided for each two
lodging rooms, plus one space for the owner or manager.
(6)
Private clubs and lodges: One parking space shall be provided for
each 200 square feet of floor area.
(7)
Mobile home parks: One parking space shall be provided for each trailer
plus one space for each employee, plus parking for visitors equal
to 10% of the number of mobile homes.
B.
Retail and service uses, as follows:
(2)
Automobile service stations: One parking space shall be provided
for each employee.
(3)
Automobile laundries: Twenty stacking spaces shall be provided for
each wash rack, plus one parking space for each employee.
(4)
Bowling alleys: Five parking spaces shall be provided for each alley,
plus such additional spaces as may be required herein for affiliated
uses, such as bars, restaurants and the like.
(5)
Establishments dispensing food or beverages for consumption on the
premises: One parking space shall be provided for each 200 square
feet of floor area.
(6)
Furniture and appliance stores, household equipment or furniture
repair shops: One parking space shall be provided for each 600 square
feet of floor area.
(7)
Motor vehicle sales and machinery sales: One parking space shall
be provided for each 300 square feet of floor area.
(8)
Theaters (indoor): One parking space shall be provided for each three
seats.
(9)
Undertaking establishments, funeral parlors: Twenty parking spaces
shall be provided for each chapel or parlor, plus one parking space
for each funeral vehicle kept on the premises; in addition, there
shall be provided stacking space for not less than 10 automobiles
for funeral procession assembly.
(10)
Offices, business, professional and governmental: One parking
space shall be provided for each 200 square feet of floor area.
(11)
Wholesale establishments (but not including warehouses and storage
buildings other than accessory): One parking space shall be provided
for each 600 square feet of floor area.
(12)
Establishments engaged in production, processing, cleaning,
servicing, testing or repair of materials, goods or products: One
parking space shall be provided for each employee, plus one parking
space for each vehicle used in the conduct of the enterprise.
(13)
Warehouses and storage buildings: One parking space shall be
provided for each employee, plus one parking space for each vehicle
used in the conduct of the enterprise.
C.
Community services uses, as follows:
(1)
Church, school, college and other institutional auditoriums: One
parking space shall be provided for each three auditorium seats. Adequate
space shall also be provided for buses used in connection with the
activities of the institution, and all loading and unloading of passengers
shall take place upon the premises.
(2)
Colleges, universities and business, professional and trade schools:
One parking space shall be provided for each three employees, and
one parking space shall be provided for each four students, based
on the maximum number of students attending classes on the premises
at any one time during any twenty-four-hour period.
(3)
Health centers, government-operated: Three parking spaces shall be
provided for each staff and visiting doctor.
(4)
Hospitals: One parking space shall be provided for each two hospital
beds, plus one parking space for each two employees, other than the
staff doctors, plus one parking space for each doctor assigned to
the staff.
(5)
Libraries, art galleries and museums, public: One parking space shall
be provided for each 1,000 square feet of gross floor area.
(6)
Municipal or privately owned recreation buildings or community centers:
One parking space shall be provided for each employee, plus one space
for each 300 square feet of floor space.
(7)
Public utility and public service uses: One and one-half parking
spaces shall be provided for each employee, plus one space for each
vehicle used in the conduct of the enterprise.
(8)
Schools, nursery, elementary, and high: One parking space shall be
provided for each employee, plus 10 spaces for each 100 pupils.
D.
Places of assembly, as follows:
E.
Miscellaneous uses, as follows:
(1)
Fraternities sororities and dormitories: One parking space shall
be provided for each five active members, plus one parking space for
the manager thereof.
(3)
Rest homes or nursing homes: One parking space shall be provided
for each four beds, plus one parking space for each two employees
(other than staff doctors), plus one parking space for each doctor
assigned to the staff.
(4)
Sanitariums, convalescent homes or institutions for the aged or for
children: One parking space shall be provided for each four beds,
plus one parking space for each two employees (other than staff doctors),
plus one parking space for each doctor assigned to the staff.
(5)
Theaters, automobile drive-in: Reservoir parking space equal to 10%
of the vehicle capacity of such theaters shall be provided.
F.
For the following uses, parking spaces shall be provided in adequate
number, as determined by the Zoning Administrator, to serve persons
employed or residing on the premises as well as the visiting public:
(1)
Airports or aircraft landing fields; heliports.
(2)
Convents and monasteries.
(3)
Crematories and mausoleums.
(4)
Fraternal or religious institutions.
(5)
Outdoor amusement establishments, such as fairgrounds, permanent
carnivals, kiddie parks, and other similar amusement centers.
(6)
Penal and correctional institutions.
(7)
Rectories and parish houses.
(8)
Swimming pools.
G.
Mixed uses. When two or more uses are located on the same zoning
lot within the same building, parking spaces equal in number to the
sum of the separate requirements for each use shall be provided. No
parking space or portion thereof shall serve as a required space for
more than one use unless otherwise authorized by the Board of Zoning
Appeals.
H.
Other uses. For uses not listed heretofore in this schedule of parking
requirements, parking spaces shall be provided on the same basis as
required for the most similar listed use, or as determined by the
Zoning Administrator.
A.
Location. All required loading berths shall be located on the same
zoning lot as the use served. No loading berth for vehicles over two
tons' capacity shall be closer than 50 feet to any property in a residence
district unless completely enclosed by building walls, or a uniformly
painted solid fence or wall, or any combination thereof, not less
than six feet in height. No permitted or required loading berth shall
be located within 25 feet of the nearest point of intersection of
any two streets.
B.
Size. Unless otherwise specified, a required loading berth shall
be at least 10 feet in width by at least 25 feet in length, exclusive
of aisles and maneuvering space, and shall have a vertical clearance
of at least 14 feet.
C.
Access. Each required off-street loading berth shall be designed
with appropriate means of vehicular access to a street or alley in
a manner which will least interfere with traffic movements.
D.
Surfacing. All open off-street loading berths shall be improved with
a compacted macadam base, not less than seven inches thick, surfaced
with not less than two inches of asphaltic concrete or some comparable
all-weather dustless material.
E.
Repair and service. No motor vehicle repair work or service of any
kind shall be permitted in conjunction with loading facilities provided
in any residence or business district.
F.
Space allocated to any off-street loading berth shall not, while
so allocated, be used to satisfy the space requirements for any off-street
parking facilities or portions thereof.
H.
Uses for which off-street loading facilities are required herein
but which are located in buildings of less floor area than the minimum
prescribed for such required facilities shall be provided with adequate
receiving facilities off any adjacent alley, service drive or open
space on the same lot which is accessible by motor vehicle.
For the uses listed in the following table, off-street loading
berths shall be provided on the basis of the gross floor area of buildings
or portions thereof devoted to such uses in the amounts shown herein:
|
Schedule of Loading Requirements
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Use
|
Gross Floor Area
(square feet)
|
Required Number of Berths
|
Minimum Horizontal Dimensions of Berths
(feet)
|
|
Hospitals, sanitariums and other institutional uses
Hotels, clubs and lodges, except as set forth in "Establishments
dispensing food or beverages for consumption on the premises" below
Hotels, clubs and lodges, when containing any of the following:
retail shops, convention halls, auditoriums, exhibition halls or business
or professional offices (other than accessory)
|
10,000 to 200,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
|
|
For each additional 200,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 25
| |
|
10,000 to 20,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
| |
|
20,000 to 150,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
| |
|
For each additional 150,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 50
| |
|
Retail stores
Establishments dispensing food or beverages for consumption
on the premises
Motor vehicle and machinery sales
Wholesale establishments (but not including warehouse and storage
buildings other than accessory)
|
5,000 to 10,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
|
|
10,000 to 25,000
|
2
|
10 x 25 each
| |
|
25,000 to 40,000
|
2
|
10 x 50 each
| |
|
For each additional 200,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 50
| |
|
Auditoriums, convention halls, exhibition halls, sports arenas,
stadiums
Bowling alleys
|
10,000 to 20,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
|
|
20,000 to 100,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
| |
|
For each additional 100,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 50
| |
|
Banks and offices, business, professional and governmental
|
10,000 to 100,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
|
|
For each additional 100,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 25
| |
|
For each additional 500,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 25
| |
|
Establishments engaged in production, processing, cleaning,
servicing, testing or repair of materials, goods or products
Warehouses and storage buildings
|
5,000 to 10,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
|
|
10,000 to 40,000
|
1
|
10 x 50
| |
|
40,000 to 100,000
|
2
|
10 x 50 each
| |
|
For each additional 100,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 50
| |
|
Theaters
|
8,000 to 25,000
|
1
|
10 x 50
|
|
For each additional 50,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 25
| |
|
Undertaking establishments and funeral parlors
|
8,000 to 100,000
|
1
|
10 x 25
|
|
For each additional 100,000 or fraction thereof
|
1 additional
|
10 x 25
| |
