[R.O. 2008 §7-16; Ord. No. 1164 §1, 9-29-1986]
For the purpose of emergency management, certain terms are defined as follows:
An occurrence of a severity and magnitude which normally results in deaths, injuries and property damage and which cannot be managed through the routine procedures and resources of government. It usually develops suddenly and unexpectedly and requires immediate, coordinated and effective response by multiple government and private sector organizations to meet human needs and speed recovery.
A disaster occurrence or a situation which seriously threatens loss of life and damage to property. It usually develops suddenly and unexpectedly and demands immediate, coordinated and effective response by government and private sector organizations to protect lives and limit damage to property. Examples of emergency situations which could result in a disaster include: An accident involving hazardous materials which threatens to explode or rupture endangering the surrounding population, a period of time prior to the onset of a severe riot or strike with the potential for widespread violence and a period of intense international crisis which could lead to nuclear warfare.
The comprehensive, coordinated program designed to cope with all disaster hazards — natural, manmade and/or war-caused. There are four (4) elements of emergency management:
MITIGATION: An activity which actually eliminates or reduces the probability of a disaster occurrence or reduces the effects of a disaster. Mitigations includes such actions as zoning and land use management, safety and building codes, floodproofing of buildings and public education.
PREPAREDNESS: Involves activities which seek to facilitate the disaster response to save lives and minimize damage to property in the event of an emergency. Preparedness includes activity such as development of shelter and evacuation plans, establishment of warning and communications systems, training of emergency response personnel and the conducting of tests and exercises.
RESPONSE: Activities occur immediately before, during and directly after an emergency or disaster. They involve life-saving actions such as the activation of warning systems, manning the emergency operations center's implementation of shelter or evacuation plans, search and rescue.
RECOVERY: Activity involves assistance to return the community to normal or near-normal conditions. Short-term recovery returns vital life support systems to minimum operating standards. Long-term recovery may continue for a number of years after a disaster and seeks to return life to normal. Recovery activities include temporary housing, medical care, reconstruction, counseling programs and other activities falling under government control.