A.
Cold weather
concrete practice. The ICC and the American Concrete Institute have
established thresholds for placement of concrete when cold weather
conditions exist and are incorporated herein. The following information
is from various excerpts of the applicable code sections as they apply
to the placement of concrete in cold weather conditions.
(1)
Protection of concrete or masonry in cold weather. Footings can be
poured when the temperature is 20° F. or above; however the following
precautions must be adhered to:
(a)
Concrete shall be maintained at a temperature of not less than
50° F. for a minimum of three consecutive days after placement
of concrete.
(b)
Insulated blankets must protect the concrete and forms left
in place.
(c)
The excavation should not be left open for more than 24 hours.
Protection must be provided to keep soil from freezing with straw
or insulated blankets.
(2)
Foundation walls.
(3)
Exterior and interior flat work.
(a)
After the first frost, it is at the discretion of the Building
Official if flat work can continue. Flat work is allowed if the temperature
of the concrete is maintained at 50° F. for seven consecutive
days after concrete placement.
(b)
The use of salamanders or other equipment that exhausts flue
gases into the area above concrete floors must be avoided because
of the danger of carbonation to the fresh concrete.
(c)
The ICC and American Concrete Institute provide for alternates
to the above. High early strength may be used to substitute, with
the following guidelines. An increase in the amount of cement to a
minimum of a six-bag mix and maintaining the concrete at 50° F.
for three consecutive days provides an option for the builders. Additionally,
admixtures for high early strength may be added in accordance with
the manufacturer's requirements.
(d)
The use of visqueen and straw are not an acceptable means of
protection; insulated blankets only.
(e)
The Building Department should be contacted prior to ordering
concrete.
B.
Drain tile
shall be installed around the outside of the foundation adjacent to
the footings, leading to a sump pump, which shall discharge into an
approved drainage facility. Drainage must be provided on all basement
and crawl spaces. With the prior approval of the Building Official,
drain tile may be "daylighted," at his or her sole discretion.
C.
In no case
shall footing drains be connected to any sanitary sewer system or
septic system.
D.
Footings
for single-family dwelling units containing no basement or crawl space
are permitted, provided that it has a trench footing that is a minimum
of 12 inches in width and a minimum of 42 inches in depth. This depth
is to be measured below finished grade.
E.
Bottom
of footings shall be not less than three feet six inches below finished
grade, except where placed on solid bedrock. Minimum size of footings
shall be 10 inches by 20 inches with standard "keyway," or as approved
by the authority having jurisdiction.
F.
A foundation
wall is required under all stoops supporting a roof.
G.
Foundations
shall be backfilled with clean fill. Do not use debris for backfilling.
H.
All columns
supporting beams must rest on a concrete pier footing a minimum of
36 inches by 36 inches by 12 inches deep. Rivet, weld or bolt top
of steel column to steel girders (or lag screw to wood girders) and
anchor bottom of column to footing with bolts or embed in concrete.
I.
All floor
slabs shall be a minimum of four-inch-thick concrete, including all
accessory structures. All slabs shall have a minimum four-inch stone
base.
J.
When concrete
floor is installed in heated areas, a vapor barrier must be provided.
K.
The wing
walls used to support stoops must be properly reinforced.
L.
Detached
garages shall have a minimum 12 inches wide by 18 inches deep trench
footing with a minimum four-inch slab and six-inch stone base. All
sheds (where the maximum dimension is less than 16 feet in any dimension)
shall provide a minimum four-inch slab with eight-inch-thick edge
and steel r-mesh installed in its final position.
M.
An attached
garage shall be completely separated from the residence and its attic
by a minimum five-eighths-inch drywall applied to the garage side
with joints properly taped and cemented, or equivalent.
N.
Concrete
shall be placed only on clean compacted fill (compacted to 95% Proctor
density), stone fill or virgin clay free from any vegetation debris
or organic soils.
O.
All structural
pier drawings shall be designed and stamped by a registered design
professional and, where required, by the Building Official.
P.
All wood
decks enclosed or otherwise after removal of organic vegetation shall
have installed a minimum of two-inch stone base over six-mil visqueen
or as approved by the Building Official (exception to the above where
the entire space under the deck is readily accessible).
Q.
All exterior
concrete slabs, patios, decks and similar installations shall comply
with this article and be installed as per ACI 318 and ACI 332.
R.
Installation
of any impervious surface, including but not limited to asphalt and
brick pavers, shall require a permit and contractor registration in
accordance with Part 3 of this article. Permit fees shall be assessed
according to Part 15. The commencement of any work prior to issuance
of a permit and contractor registration shall be a violation of this
article.
[Added 6-22-2010 by Ord. No. 10-023]
