[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 1; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970]
In the interest of public health, safety and welfare, the regulations
of the Floodplain Conservation District are intended to protect areas
of floodplain subject to and necessary for flood waters, and to permit
and encourage the retention of open land uses which will be so located
and designed as to constitute a harmonious and appropriate part of
the physical development of the Municipality as provided for in the
Comprehensive Plan. In advancing these principles and the general
purposes of the Zoning Ordinance and Comprehensive Plan, the specific
intent of this district is:
a.
To combine with present zoning requirements certain restrictions
made necessary for the floodplains to promote the general health,
welfare and safety of the community.
b.
To prevent the erection of structures in areas unfit for human usage
by reason of danger from flooding, unsanitary conditions or other
hazard.
c.
To minimize danger to public health by protecting the water supply
and promoting safe and sanitary drainage.
d.
To reduce the financial burdens imposed on the community, its governmental
units and its individuals by frequent and periodic floods and overflow
of lands.
e.
To permit certain uses which can be appropriately located in the
floodplain as herein defined and which will not impede the flow of
flood waters, or otherwise cause danger to life and property at or
above or below their locations along the floodway.
f.
To permit only those uses in the floodplain compatible to the preservation
of natural conditions which are conducive to the maintenance of constant
rates of water flow throughout the year by (1) withholding rapid water
runoff contributing to downstream flooding and (2) providing area
for ground water absorption for maintenance of the subsurface water
supply.
g.
To provide sufficient drainage courses to carry abnormal flows of
stormwater in periods of heavy participation.
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 2; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970;
Ord. 1112, 8/15/1985, Section 2]
Those areas subject to periodic flooding as delineated on maps
prepared for the Borough by the Federal Insurance Administration,
or where the alluvial soil, Nolin silt loam, is located, as delineated
in the Soil Survey, Centre County, Pennsylvania, 1977, prepared by
the Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
Although infrequent floods will exceed the limits of these delineated
areas, these areas represent the most realistic floodplain within
the Borough.
a.
The boundaries of the Floodplain Conservation District are established
as shown on the Zoning District Map, which is declared to be a part
of this ordinance.
b.
The Floodplain Conservation District may be revised or modified by
an amendment to the Zoning District Map where studies or other information,
provided by a qualified agency or person, documents the need for such
revision. However, prior to any such change that would modify the
delineation as shown on any map provided by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency, approval must be obtained from that Agency or its
successors.
[Ord. 912, 5/3/1977; amended by Ord. 1112, 8/15/1985, Section
3{310}; Ord. 1172, 4/10/1987, Section 2; Ord. 1291, 9/7/1990; Ord.
1380, 7/22/1992, Section 1; Ord. 1527, 4/22/1997; Ord. 1992, 6/18/2012,
Section 1; Ord. 2091, 3/6/2017, Section II]
For the purposes of this ordinance, the Floodplain Conservation
District shall be those areas of the Borough identified to be subject
to the one-hundred-year flood, as delineated on the most recent Flood
Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) which accompanies the Flood Insurance Study,
prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), as well
as any additional areas where the alluvial soil, Nolin silt loam,
is located, as delineated by the Soil Conservation Service, United
States Department of Agriculture, in the Soil Survey for Centre County,
Pennsylvania, 1977.
Where, however, areas of 65A and 65B, Nolin silt loam, local
alluvium, have been substantially or completely developed prior to
the passage of this amendment, and the natural drainage functions
have been either altered such as street cartways, drainage ditches,
storm sewers and the like, these areas shall be exempted from the
provisions of this ordinance. Those areas that are specifically exempted
from the provisions of the ordinance are as follows, provided that
no such area is located within an identified floodplain area as delineated
on any map provided by FEMA.
a.
That almost continuous band of local alluvium corresponding roughly
with the alignment of Westerly and Easterly Parkways, from the vicinity
of the intersection of West Fairmount Avenue, Dorum Avenue and Westerly
Parkway in the west, to the intersection of Easterly Parkway and University
Drive in the east;
b.
That band of local alluvium running from the vicinity of the intersection
of Hamilton Avenue and Fraser Street, in a southeasterly direction,
to the vicinity of the intersection of Pugh Street with Easterly Parkway;
c.
That band of local alluvium running from the vicinity of the intersection
of South Allen Street and Marylyn Avenue, in an easterly direction,
to the vicinity of the area of the intersection of University Drive
and South Atherton Street;
d.
That band of local alluvium running from the vicinity of the intersection
of Nimitz Avenue and South Pugh Street, in a southeasterly direction,
to the vicinity of the area of the intersection of University Drive
and South Atherton Street;
e.
That band of local alluvium running from the vicinity of the intersection
of Keller Street and East Prospect Avenue, in a northeasterly direction,
across University Drive to the University Sewage Treatment Plant;
f.
That band of local alluvium running from Graduate Circle, across
East College Avenue, to the University Sewage Treatment Plant, in
that area now occupied by the interchange of East College Avenue and
University Drive;
g.
That band of local alluvium running from the vicinity of the intersection
of Locust Lane and Calder Way, in an easterly direction to the vicinity
of the intersection of High Street and East College Avenue;
h.
That band of local alluvium located northwest of the intersection
of Southgate Drive and Waupelani Drive, running in a northwesterly
direction into the local alluvium found within the Orchard Park drainage
way and including all of said drainage way extending northeasterly
toward Westerly Parkway;
i.
That band of local alluvium running north and south, which is located
within the property now occupied by the State College Borough maintenance
building.
j.
That band of local alluvium located in the vicinity of Smithfield
Circle.
k.
That band of local alluvium located in the vicinity of Sandpiper
Drive and Sawgrass Circle and extending toward East Branch Road.
l.
That band of local alluvium running east and west across the lot
at 379 Waupelani Drive (tax parcel 36-21-42).
m.
That band of local alluvium running east and west across lots 10
and 11 (tax parcels 36-21-043 and 36-21-044) along the north side
of Waupelani Drive.
n.
That band of local Nolin Soils running in the north westerly direction
across the lots with Tax Parcels 36-021-41 A-0000 along the both sides
of Waupelani Drive.
o.
The areas
of local alluvium outside the FEMA floodplain area within tax parcels
36-001-200-0000 and 36-001-300-0000, also known as Radio Park School.
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 4; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970]
The following uses are permitted in the floodplain conservation
district:
a.
Cultivation and harvesting of crops according to recognized soil
conservation practices;
b.
Pasture, grazing land;
c.
Recreation use, such as park, day camp, picnic grove, golf course,
hunting, fishing and boating club, excluding structures;
d.
Forestry, lumbering and reforestation, excluding storage and mill
structures;
e.
Harvesting of any wild crops, such as marsh hay, ferns, moss, berries
or wild rice;
f.
Game farm, fish hatchery (excluding rearing structures), hunting
and fishing reserves;
g.
Wildlife sanctuary, woodland preserve, arboretum;
h.
Outlet installations for sewage treatment plants, sealed public and
private water supply wells;
i.
Utility transmission lines; and,
j.
Accessory uses customarily incidental to any of the foregoing permitted
uses, when approved as a special exception by the Zoning Hearing Board.
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 5; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970]
The following uses shall be permitted in the floodplain conservation
district upon approval by the Zoning Hearing Board as a special exception:
a.
Residential front, side and/or rear yards and uses customarily incidental thereto, except that no structures shall be permitted. Inclusion of floodplain lands within the residential lots in order to meet minimum lot area or yard requirements is contingent upon complying with the objectives and standards set forth in the Declaration of Legislative Intent of this ordinance (Section 2301) and with any other pertinent municipal regulations. If such compliance cannot be shown, the land area within the Floodplain Conservation District shall not be calculated for purposes of determining lot areas or yard requirements.
b.
Non-paved parking lots where required by the regulations for any
other class or district.
c.
Front, side and/or rear yards of any other class of district, except that an area so utilized shall not be inconsistent with the objectives and standards set forth in the Declaration of Legislative Intent of this ordinance (Section 2301) and with any other pertinent municipal regulations.
d.
Within planned residential developments, it shall be possible to
utilize floodplains lands in calculating total units for the entire
tract, in accordance with the provisions contained within the Planned
Residential Development Ordinance.{320}
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 6; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970;
Ord. 1112, 8/15/1985, Section 4; Ord. 1380, 7/22/1992, Section 8;
Ord. 1500, 5/28/1996]
The following uses are prohibited in the floodplain conservation
district:
a.
All structures and buildings, including substantial improvements
to existing buildings, with the following exceptions:
b.
The filling in of the floodplain conservation district, removal of
topsoil or damming or relocation of any watercourse. Exception: In
instances where existing residential or commercial buildings, including
manufactured homes, are located within the floodplain conservation
district and such development predates the establishment of the conservation
district, fill may be placed only in the flood fringe area encompassed
by the existing development to elevate the developed area above the
one-hundred-year flood elevation provided that all of the following
criteria are met:
(1)
Appropriate technical studies are provided which prove to the satisfaction
of the Borough's Engineering Department that the placement of fill
will not adversely impact the stream or adjacent properties nor raise
the one-hundred-year flood elevation.
(2)
All applicable state and federal approvals are secured.
(3)
The area filled does not extend beyond the boundary formed by the
preexisting developed area.
(4)
The area filled shall not encroach into the riparian buffer zone
as established in Section 2410.
(5)
The area filled shall not be a wetland as designated by state or
federal agency.
(6)
Obstructions to stream flow as identified by the Borough's Engineering
Department which adversely impact stream flow during a flood event
shall be removed.
(7)
Eroded embankment, as identified by the Borough's Engineering Department,
shall be stabilized with rip-rap or similar material as approved by
the Department.
c.
Sanitary landfill, dump, junkyard, outdoor storage of vehicles and/or
materials.
d.
On-site sewage disposal system.
e.
Swimming pools.
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 7; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970;
Ord. 794, 1/5/1972, Section 3; Ord. 1112, 8/15/1985, Section 5; Ord.
1198, 2/8/1988, Sections 27, 28 and 29; Ord. 1380, 7/22/1992, Sections
2, 3 and 4]
a.
Planning Commission and Council Approval. All plans for structures located within a distance of 100 feet from the floodplain conservation district and all plans for the development of a recreational or utility use within or adjacent to the district shall be approved by the Borough Council after receiving a recommendation from the Planning Commission, which plans shall be such as to comply with the Declaration of Legislative Intent of this ordinance (Section 2301).
b.
Zoning Permit. A zoning permit shall be required before any proposed construction or development is undertaken within the Floodplain Conservation District. An application for a zoning permit shall be filed in accordance with Section 304 of Chapter XIX of the Codification of Ordinances.
c.
Issuance of Zoning Permit. Prior to the issuance of any zoning permit,
the Zoning Officer shall review the application for permit to determine
if all other necessary government permits required by state and federal
laws have been obtained, such as those required by the Pennsylvania
Sewage Facilities Act (Act 1966-537, as amended); the Pennsylvania
Dam Safety and Encroachments Act (Act 1978-325, as amended); the Pennsylvania
Clean Streams Act (Act 1937-394, as amended); the U.S. Clean Water
Act, Section 404, 33, U.S.C. 1344. No permit shall be issued until
this determination has been made.
d.
Notice to Other Agencies.
(1)
No encroachment, alteration or improvement of any kind shall be made
to any watercourse until all adjacent municipalities which may be
affected by such action have been notified by the Borough, and until
all required permits or approvals have been first obtained from the
Department of Environmental Resources, Bureau of Dams and Waterway
Management.
(2)
In addition, the Federal Insurance Administrator and Pennsylvania
Department of Community Affairs, Bureau of Community Planning, shall
be notified by the Borough prior to any alteration or relocation of
any watercourse.
e.
Variances. The Zoning Hearing Board may vary or adjust the strict application of the requirements of this Part G on appeal in specific cases, as will not be contrary to the public interest where, owing to special conditions, a literal enforcement of the provisions will result in unnecessary hardship, so that the spirit of the ordinance will be observed and substantial justice done. Any such variance shall be granted in accordance with the provisions of Section 301 and the following:
(1)
Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, no variance shall
be granted for:
(b)
The commencement of, or any construction of, a new manufactured
home park, or substantial improvement to an existing manufactured
home park.
(c)
Any new or substantially improved structure which will be used
for the production or storage of any of the following dangerous materials
or substances or which will be used for any activity requiring the
maintenance of a supply (more than 550 gallons or other comparable
volume or any amount of radioactive substance) of any of the following
dangerous materials or substances on the premises:
(i)
Acetone.
(ii)
Ammonia.
(iii)
Benzene.
(iv)
Calcium Carbide.
(v)
Carbon disulfide.
(vi)
Celluloid.
(vii)
Chlorine.
(viii)
Hydrochloric acid.
(ix)
Hydrocyanic acid.
(x)
Magnesium.
(xi)
Nitric acid and oxides of nitrogen.
(xii)
Petroleum products (gasoline, fuel oil, etc.).
(xiii)
Phosphorus.
(xiv)
Potassium.
(xv)
Sodium.
(xvi)
Sulphur and sulphur products.
(xvii)
Pesticides (including insecticides, fungicides
and rodenticides).
(xviii)
Radioactive substances, insofar as such substances
are not otherwise regulated.
(d)
Any activity within an identified floodway which would cause
any increase in flood levels during a one-hundred-year flood.
(e)
Any activity within the AE zone which, when combined with all
other existing and anticipated development, would cause an increase
of more than one foot in the one-hundred-year flood elevation.
(2)
If granted, a variance shall involve only the least modification
necessary to provide relief. If it should become necessary to grant
any variance, the applicant shall be required to comply with all applicable
requirements of the National Flood Insurance Program Regulations (60.3
a, b and c) including the requirements for elevation, flood-proofing
and anchoring. The applicant must also comply with any other requirements
considered necessary by the Zoning Hearing Board.
(3)
In granting any variance, the Zoning Hearing Board shall attach whatever
reasonable conditions and safeguards it considers necessary in order
to protect the public health, safety and welfare and to achieve the
objectives of this ordinance.
(5)
In reviewing any request for a variance from this section, the Zoning
Hearing Board shall consider, at a minimum, the following:
(a)
That there is good and sufficient cause;
(b)
That failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional
hardship to the applicant; and,
(c)
That the granting of the variance will (1) neither result in
an unacceptable or prohibited increase in flood heights, additional
threats to public safety or extraordinary public expense, (2) nor
create nuisances, cause fraud on or victimize the public or conflict
with any other applicable state or local ordinances and regulations.
(6)
A complete record of all variance requests and related actions shall
be maintained by the Borough. In addition, a report of all variances
granted during the year shall be included in the Annual Report to
the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Notwithstanding any of the above, however, all structures shall
be designed and constructed so as to have the capability of resisting
the one-hundred-year flood.
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 8; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970]
Initial determinations under this ordinance, including questions
of the boundaries of the floodplain conservation district, shall be
made by the Zoning Officer with the advice of the Borough Engineer
and the Borough Planning Commission.
Any party aggrieved by a decision of the Zoning Officer may
appeal to the Zoning Hearing Board.
The boundaries can be validated by detailed on-site surveys
approved by the Soil Conservation Service, United States Department
of Agriculture.
In rendering decisions under this ordinance, the Zoning Hearing
Board shall consider, in addition to other evidence and standards,
the findings and recommendations of the Soil and Water Conservation
District and the recommendations of the Borough Planning Commission
and other appropriate agencies. In any appeal procedure, both the
property owner (at his expense) and the Municipality or any other
of its agencies or agents shall have the right to conduct on-site
surveys and other studies and present testimony and evidence of same
to the Zoning Officer and to the Zoning Hearing Board.
[Ord. 559, 6/20/1959, Section 9; amended by Ord. 767, 9/28/1970]{330}
The granting of a zoning permit or approval of a subdivision
plan in any floodplain district shall not constitute a representation,
guarantee or warranty of any kind by the Municipality or by an official
or employee thereof, or the practicability or safety of any structure,
use or other plan proposed, and shall create no liability upon, or
cause of action against, such public body, official or employee for
any damage that may result pursuant thereto.
[Ord. 1494, 3/12/1996; amended by Ord. 1930, 4/20/2009, Section
1]
a.
Purpose. Whereas, Slab Cabin Run has been identified through appropriate
study as being an important tributary to Spring Creek and a part of
the Spring Creek Corridor and, whereas, Spring Creek, including its
tributary Slab Cabin Run, is designated as high quality cold water
fisheries by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
and, whereas, the high-quality water can be and would be easily disrupted
by excessive sedimentation resulting from stream bank erosion and,
whereas, an increase in water temperature, which scientific evidence
suggests would occur as a result of increase sedimentation, stream
bank denuding and non-point pollution infiltration through surface
water runoff, would destroy the water quality and cold water fishery
designation and, whereas, the Borough of State College finds that
Slab Cabin Run's designation as a high quality cold water fishery
is an important natural resource to be preserved and protected, a
riparian buffer zone is hereby established along the corridor formed
by Slab Cabin Run where it flows through the Borough of State College.
b.
Riparian Buffer Zone, Composition and Width. The riparian buffer
is a zone established parallel to and on each side of the stream course
consisting of a combination of grass area and forest area planted
and maintained with indigenous grasses or other ground covers, trees
and shrubs. The forest area is that section of the zone next to the
stream located between the watercourse and grass area. It includes
the stream bank. The width of the forest area varies according to
surrounding slope conditions as shown on the table below. The grass
area is that section of the zone adjacent to the forest area located
between the forest area and any development. Its boundary is conterminous
with the forest area and its width shall be at least 15 feet for all
slope conditions.
The width of the zone on each side of the stream is the sum
of the widths of the forest area and grass area. Width shall be measured
as the distance (prescribed on the table below) measured from the
center of the stream to a continuous line paralleling the stream course.
|
Percent Slope
|
Forest Width
(feet)
|
Total Width
(feet)
|
|---|---|---|
|
0 to 10
|
50
|
65
|
|
11 to 20
|
70
|
85
|
|
21 to 40
|
110
|
125
|
|
>41
|
170
|
185
|
|
Slope percentage shall be calculated as the average slope occurring
between the stream bed elevation at any given point along the stream
course (as shown on the most recent flood insurance study map for
the Borough of State College) and the elevation at a point 100 feet
perpendicular distance from the stream course.
|
c.
Plantings. The forest area shall be designed and planted to achieve a 50% crown cover within 10 years of planting. The grass area shall be planted in a continuous strip with grass. Its purpose is to intercept and filter any surface water runoff that may escape from development adjacent to the Riparian Buffer Zone. Acceptable plant species are listed in Section 2311, Appendix A. In addition to those plants, other species may be used when approved by the Borough Arborist. The Borough Arborist may prohibit invasive and noxious plants in the Riparian Buffer Zone as provided by the Penn State Agricultural Extension Invasive Plants of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Noxious Weed Control List of Pennsylvania or other approved standard for those plants.
A riparian buffer planting plan shall be submitted as part of
a development plan submission made pursuant to Section 305 of this
chapter. Such plan shall be reviewed by the Borough Arborist. The
Arborist is empowered to approve or deny such plan on the basis of
its design and plantings with respect to achieving stream bank stabilization,
stream shading and intercept and filtration of surface water runoff.
All plantings as shown on the approved plan shall be installed prior
to authorizing occupancy of the building or site. When required plantings
cannot be installed because of weather or other adverse conditions
beyond the developer's control, the Planning Department may accept
a performance bond or other surety posted to cover the cost of installing
required improvements.
d.
Uses.
(2)
The area within the riparian buffer zones shall be permitted to be
used to meet required yards and open space regulations in the zoning
district.
(3)
Within a distance of 200 feet, measured from the center of the stream,
the following uses, which are deemed to have special hazards for the
stream, are prohibited: the storage or dispensing of gasoline, oil
or other petroleum products; lube and oil change facilities; vehicle
washing facilities; the storage or dispensing of corrosive, poisonous
or flammable chemicals and water soluble pollutants or pesticides.
e.
Stormwater Management. Stormwater discharge shall not be made directly into Slab Cabin Run. Development plans shall be design with stormwater management systems that detain runoff pursuant to the Borough's Stormwater Management Plan, Chapter XIV, of the Borough's Codification of Ordinances, Sections 201 - 216.
|
Appendix A: Selective Native Plantings
| |
|---|---|
|
FERNS
| |
|
Cinnamon fern
|
Osmunda cinnamomea
|
|
Interrupted fern
|
Osmunda claytoniana
|
|
Sensitive fern
|
Onoclea sensibilis
|
|
GRASSES AND SEDGES
| |
|
Big blue stem
|
Andropogon gerardii
|
|
Broom sedge
|
Carex scoparia
|
|
False nut sedge
|
Cyperus strigosus
|
|
Lurid sedge
|
Carex lurida
|
|
Riverbank wild rye
|
Elymus riparius
|
|
Sedge
|
Carex vulpinoidea
|
|
Soft rush
|
Juncus effusus
|
|
Switch grass
|
Panicum virgatum
|
|
Tussock sedge
|
Carex stricta
|
|
Virginia wild rye
|
Elymus virginicus
|
|
Wool grass
|
Scirpus cyperinus
|
|
FLOWERING PERENNIALS
| |
|
Beard-tongue
|
Penstemon digitalis
|
|
Bottle gentian
|
Gentiana and rewsii
|
|
Blue vervain
|
Verbena hastata
|
|
Blue-eyed grass
|
Sisyrinchium angustifolium
|
|
Boneset
|
Eupatorium perfoliatum
|
|
Cardinal flower
|
Lobelia cardinalis
|
|
Cut-leaf coneflower
|
Rudbeckia laciniata
|
|
Ironweed
|
Veronia noveboracensis
|
|
Jack-in-the-pulpit
|
Arisaema triphyllum
|
|
Joe-pye weed
|
Eupatorium fistulosum
|
|
New England aster
|
Aster novae-angliae
|
|
Partridgeberry
|
Mitchella repens
|
|
Purple stemmed aster
|
Aster puniceus
|
|
Smooth goldenrod
|
Solidago gigantea
|
|
Swamp milkweed
|
Asclepias incarnata
|
|
Tall meadowrue
|
Thalictrum pubescens
|
|
Wingstem
|
Verbesina alternifolia
|
|
Wood geranium
|
Geranium maculatum
|
|
SHRUBS
| |
|
American elderberry
|
Sambucus Canadensis
|
|
Arrowwood
|
Viburnum dentatum
|
|
Black chokeberry
|
Aronia melanocarpa
|
|
Buttonbush
|
Cephalanthus occidentalis
|
|
Dangleberry
|
Gaylussacia frondosa
|
|
Highbush blueberry
|
Vaccinium corymbosum
|
|
Maleberry
|
Lyonia ligustrina
|
|
Ninebark
|
Physocarpus opulifolius
|
|
Northern arrowwood
|
Viburnum recognitum
|
|
Pussy willow
|
Salix discolor
|
|
Red chokeberry
|
Aronia arbutifolia
|
|
Rosebay
|
Rhododendron maximum
|
|
Silky dogwood
|
Cornus amomum
|
|
Silky willow
|
Salix sericea
|
|
Spice bush
|
Lindera benzoin
|
|
Swamp dogwood
|
Cornus racemosa
|
|
Swamp rose
|
Rosa palustris
|
|
Winterberry holly
|
Ilex verticillata
|
|
Witch-hazel
|
Hamamelis virginiana
|
|
TREES
| |
|
American beech
|
Fagus grandifolia
|
|
Basswood
|
Tilia Americana
|
|
Black ash
|
Fraxinus nigra
|
|
Black gum
|
Nyssa sylvatica
|
|
Black walnut
|
Juglans nigra
|
|
Black willow
|
Salix nigra
|
|
Green ash
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
|
|
Hornbeam
|
Carpinus caroliniana
|
|
Pagoda dogwood
|
Cornus alternifolia
|
|
Pin oak
|
Quercus palustris
|
|
Red maple
|
Acer rubrum
|
|
River birch
|
Betula nigra
|
|
Shadbush
|
Amelanchier arborea
|
|
Shagbark hickory
|
Carya ovata
|
|
Silver maple
|
Acer saccarinum
|
|
Swamp white oak
|
Quercus bicolor
|
|
Sweet birch
|
Betula lenta
|
|
Sycamore
|
Platanus occidentalis
|
|
Tulip tree
|
Liriodendron tulipifera
|
