As used in this Chapter, the following terms shall have the
meanings set out herein:
Any unattended or unlicensed motor vehicle, trailer, all-terrain
vehicle, outboard motor or vessel removed or subject to removal from
public or private property as provided in this Chapter, whether or
not operational. For any vehicle towed from the scene of an accident
at the request of law enforcement and not retrieved by the vehicle's
owner within five (5) days of the accident, the agency requesting
the tow shall be required to write an abandoned property report or
a criminal inquiry and inspection report.
Any natural person, corporation or other legal entity.
The entire width of land between the boundary lines of a
public road or State highway, including any roadway.
That portion of a public road or State highway ordinarily
used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the berm or shoulder.
Any person or entity which tows, removes or stores abandoned
property.
[1]
State Law Reference: For similar provisions, § 304.001,
RSMo.
A.
A person commits the offense of abandoning a vehicle, vessel, or
trailer if he/she knowingly abandons any vehicle, vessel, or trailer
on:
1.
The right-of-way of any public road or State highway;
2.
On or in any of the waters in this State;
3.
On the banks of any stream;
4.
On any land or water owned, operated or leased by the State, any
board, department, agency or commission thereof, or any political
subdivision thereof;
5.
On any land or water owned, operated or leased by the Federal government;
or
6.
On any private real property owned by another without his/her consent.
B.
For purposes of this Section, the last owner of record of a vehicle,
vessel, or trailer found abandoned and not shown to be transferred
pursuant to Sections 301.196 and 301.197, RSMo., shall be deemed prima
facie evidence of ownership of such vehicle, vessel, or trailer at
the time it was abandoned and the person who abandoned the vehicle,
vessel, or trailer or caused or procured its abandonment. The registered
owner of the abandoned vehicle, vessel, or trailer shall not be subject
to the penalties provided by this Section if the vehicle, vessel,
or trailer was in the care, custody, or control of another person
at the time of the violation. In such instance, the owner shall submit
such evidence in an affidavit permitted by the court setting forth
the name, address, and other pertinent information of the person who
leased, rented, or otherwise had care, custody, or control of the
vehicle, vessel, or trailer at the time of the alleged violation.
The affidavit submitted pursuant to this Subsection shall be admissible
in a court proceeding adjudicating the alleged violation and shall
raise a rebuttable presumption that the person identified in the affidavit
was in actual control of the vehicle, vessel, or trailer. In such
case, the court has the authority to terminate the prosecution of
the summons issued to the owner and issue a summons to the person
identified in the affidavit as the operator. If the vehicle, vessel,
or trailer is alleged to have been stolen, the owner of the vehicle,
vessel, or trailer shall submit proof that a police report was filed
in a timely manner indicating that the vehicle or vessel was stolen
at the time of the alleged violation.
C.
The offense of abandoning a vehicle, vessel, or trailer is an ordinance
violation.
D.
Any person convicted pursuant to this Section shall be civilly liable for all reasonable towing, storage, and administrative costs associated with the abandonment of the vehicle, vessel, or trailer. Any reasonable towing, storage, and administrative costs in excess of the value of the abandoned vehicle, vessel, or trailer that exist at the time the property is transferred pursuant to Section 304.156, RSMo., shall remain the liability of the person convicted pursuant to this Section so long as the towing company, as defined in Chapter 304, RSMo., provided the title owner and lienholders, as ascertained by the Department of Revenue records, a notice within the time frame and in the form as described in Subsection 1 of Section 304.156, RSMo.
Except in the case of an accident resulting in the injury or
death of any person, the driver of a vehicle which for any reason
obstructs the regular flow of traffic on the roadway of any public
road or State highway shall make every reasonable effort to move the
vehicle or have it moved so as not to block the regular flow of traffic.
Any person who fails to comply with the requirements of this Section
is guilty of an ordinance violation and, upon conviction thereof,
shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars ($10.00)
nor more than fifty dollars ($50.00).
[1]
State Law Reference: For similar provisions, § 304.151,
RSMo.
The open storage of inoperable or unlicensed vehicles or other
vehicles deemed by the City to constitute a public safety hazard is
prohibited. Nothing in this Section shall apply to a vehicle which
is completely enclosed within a locked building or locked fenced area
and not visible from adjacent public or private property, nor to any
vehicle upon the property of a business licensed as salvage, swap,
junk dealer, towing or storage facility so long as the business is
operated in compliance with its business license and the property
is in compliance with applicable zoning ordinances.
[1]
State Law Reference: For similar provisions, § 304.159,
RSMo.
A.
Any Law Enforcement Officer or an official of the City, within the
officer's or official's jurisdiction, may authorize a towing company
to remove to a place of safety:
1.
Any abandoned property on the right-of-way of:
a.
Any interstate highway or freeway in an urbanized area of the
City left unattended for ten (10) hours, or immediately if a Law Enforcement
Officer determines that the abandoned property is a serious hazard
to other motorists;
b.
Any interstate highway or freeway outside of an urbanized area
of the City left unattended for twenty-four (24) hours, or after four
(4) hours if a Law Enforcement Officer determines that the abandoned
property is a serious hazard to other motorists;
c.
Any State highway, other than an interstate highway or freeway
outside of an urbanized area, left unattended for more than twenty-four
(24) hours;
|
provided that commercial motor vehicles referred to in Subsection (A)(1)(a) through (c) not hauling waste designated as hazardous under 49 U.S.C. § 5103(a) may only be removed under this Section to a place of safety until the owner or owner's representative has had a reasonable opportunity to contact a towing company of choice; or
|
d.
Any State highway, other than an interstate highway or freeway
in an urbanized area, left unattended for more than ten (10) hours.
2.
Any unattended abandoned property illegally left standing upon
any highway or bridge if the abandoned property is left in a position
or under such circumstances as to obstruct the normal movement of
traffic where there is no reasonable indication that the person in
control of the property is arranging for its immediate control or
removal.
3.
Any abandoned property which has been abandoned under Section 217.020 herein or Section 577.080, RSMo.
4.
Any abandoned property which has been reported as stolen or
taken without consent of the owner.
5.
Any abandoned property for which the person operating such property
is arrested for an alleged offense for which the officer takes the
person into custody and where such person is unable to arrange for
the property's timely removal.
6.
Any abandoned property which due to any other State law or City
ordinance is subject to towing because of the owner's outstanding
traffic or parking violations.
7.
Any abandoned property left unattended in violation of a State
law or City ordinance where signs have been posted giving notice of
the law or where the violation causes a safety hazard.
8.
Any abandoned property illegally left standing on the waters
of this State as defined in Section 306.010, RSMo., where the abandoned
property is obstructing the normal movement of traffic, or where the
abandoned property has been unattended for more than ten (10) hours
or is floating loose on the water.
9.
Any abandoned property for which the person operating such property
or vehicle eludes arrest for an alleged offense for which the officer
would have taken the offender into custody.
B.
When the City Police Department authorizes a tow pursuant to this
Section in which the abandoned property is moved from the immediate
vicinity, it shall complete a crime inquiry and inspection report.
C.
Any City agency other than the City Police Department authorizing
a tow under this Section where property is towed away from the immediate
vicinity shall report the tow to the City Police Department within
two (2) hours of the tow, along with a crime inquiry and inspection
report.
[1]
State Law References: For similar provisions, §§ 304.155.1(2009),
304.155.3, RSMo.
A.
Generally. The City, including the City Police Department, may tow motor vehicles from real property which are deemed a public safety hazard pursuant to Section 217.030 or are derelict, junk, scrapped, disassembled or otherwise harmful to the public health. The City shall perform such tow pursuant to the terms of Section 217.050. When a City agency other than the Police Department authorizes a tow under this Subsection, it shall report the tow to the Police Department within two (2) hours with a crime inquiry and inspection report.
B.
Towing Authorized By City Police Department. If a person abandons
property on any real property owned by another without the consent
of the owner or person in possession of the real property, at the
request of the person in possession of the real property, any City
Police Officer may authorize a towing company to remove such abandoned
property from the property in the following circumstances:
C.
Towing Authorized By Real Property Owner, Lessee Or Property Or Security
Manager.
1.
The owner of real property or lessee in lawful possession of
the real property or the property or security manager of the real
property may authorize a towing company to remove abandoned property
or property parked in a restricted or assigned area without authorization
by a Law Enforcement Officer only when the owner, lessee or property
or security manager of the real property is present. A property or
security manager must be a full-time employee of a business entity.
An authorization to tow pursuant to this Subsection may be made only
under any of the following circumstances:
a.
Sign. There is displayed, in plain view at all entrances to
the property, a sign not less than seventeen by twenty-two (17 x 22)
inches in size, with lettering not less than one (1) inch in height,
prohibiting public parking and indicating that unauthorized abandoned
property or property parked in a restricted or assigned area will
be removed at the owner's expense, disclosing the maximum fee for
all charges related to towing and storage, and containing the telephone
number of the local traffic law enforcement agency where information
can be obtained or a twenty-four-hour staffed emergency information
telephone number by which the owner of the abandoned property or property
parked in a restricted or assigned area may call to receive information
regarding the location of such owner's property.
b.
Unattended On Owner-Occupied Residential Property. The abandoned
property is left unattended on owner-occupied residential property
with four (4) residential units or less and the owner, lessee or agent
of the real property in lawful possession has notified the City Police
Department, and ten (10) hours have elapsed since that notification.
c.
Unattended On Other Private Real Property. The abandoned property
is left unattended on private real property and the owner, lessee
or agent of the real property in lawful possession of real property
has notified the City Police Department, and ninety-six (96) hours
have elapsed since that notification.
2.
Pursuant to this Section, any owner or lessee in lawful possession
of real property that requests a towing company to tow abandoned property
without authorization from a City Police Officer shall at that time
complete an abandoned property report which shall be considered a
legal declaration subject to criminal penalty pursuant to Section
575.060, RSMo. The report shall be in the form designed, printed and
distributed by the Missouri Director of Revenue and shall contain
the following:
a.
The year, model, make and abandoned property identification
number of the property, and the owner and any lienholders, if known;
b.
A description of any damage to the abandoned property noted
by owner, lessee or property or security manager in possession of
the real property;
c.
The license plate or registration number and the State of issuance,
if available;
d.
The physical location of the property and the reason for requesting
the property to be towed;
e.
The date the report is completed;
f.
The printed name, address and telephone number of the owner,
lessee or property or security manager in possession of the real property;
g.
The towing company's name and address;
h.
The signature of the towing operator;
i.
The signature of the owner, lessee or property or security manager
attesting to the facts that the property has been abandoned for the
time required by this Section and that all statements on the report
are true and correct to the best of the person's knowledge and belief
and that the person is subject to the penalties for making false statements;
j.
Space for the name of the law enforcement agency notified of
the towing of the abandoned property and for the signature of the
Law Enforcement Official receiving the report; and
k.
Any additional information the Missouri Director of Revenue
deems appropriate.
3.
Any towing company which tows abandoned property without authorization from the City Police Department pursuant to Subsection (B) of this Section shall deliver a copy of the abandoned property report to the City Police Department. The copy may be produced and sent by facsimile machine or other device which produces a near exact likeness of the print and signatures required, but only if the City Police Department has the technological capability of receiving such copy and has registered the towing company for such purpose. The report shall be delivered within two (2) hours if the tow was made from a signed location pursuant to Subsection (C)(1)(a) of this Section, otherwise the report shall be delivered within twenty-four (24) hours.
4.
The City Police Department, after receiving such abandoned property
report, shall record the date on which the abandoned property report
is filed with the Police Department and shall promptly make an inquiry
into the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and any statewide
Missouri law enforcement computer system to determine if the abandoned
property has been reported as stolen. The Police Department shall
enter the information pertaining to the towed property into the statewide
law enforcement computer system and a Police Officer shall sign the
abandoned property report and provide the towing company with a signed
copy.
5.
The City Police Department, after receiving notification that
abandoned property has been towed by a towing company, shall search
the records of the Missouri Department of Revenue and provide the
towing company with the latest owner and lienholder information on
the abandoned property, and if the tower has online access to the
Department of Revenue's records, the tower shall comply with the requirements
of Section 304.155, RSMo. If the abandoned property is not claimed
within ten (10) working days, the towing company shall send a copy
of the abandoned property report signed by a Law Enforcement Officer
to the Department of Revenue.
6.
No owner, lessee or property or security manager of real property
shall knowingly authorize the removal of abandoned property in violation
of this Section.
7.
Any owner of any private real property causing the removal of
abandoned property from that real property shall state the grounds
for the removal of the abandoned property if requested by the registered
owner of that abandoned property. Any towing company that lawfully
removes abandoned property from private property with the written
authorization of the property owner or the property owner's agent
who is present at the time of removal shall not be held responsible
in any situation relating to the validity of the removal. Any towing
company that removes abandoned property at the direction of the landowner
shall be responsible for:
D.
Damage To Property. The owner of abandoned property removed from
private real property may recover for any damage to the property resulting
from any act of any person causing the removal of, or removing, the
abandoned property.
E.
Real Property Owner Liability. Any owner of any private real property
causing the removal of abandoned property parked on that property
is liable to the owner of the abandoned property for double the storage
or towing charges whenever there has been a failure to comply with
the requirements of this Chapter.
F.
Written Authorization Required — Delegation Of Authority To
Tow.
1.
Except for the removal of abandoned property authorized by the
City Police Department pursuant to this Section, a towing company
shall not remove or commence the removal of abandoned property from
private real property without first obtaining written authorization
from the real property owner. All written authorizations shall be
maintained for at least one (1) year by the towing company.
2.
General authorization to remove or commence removal of abandoned
property at the towing company's discretion shall not be delegated
to a towing company or its affiliates except in the case of abandoned
property unlawfully parked within fifteen (15) feet of a fire hydrant
or in a fire lane designated by a Fire Department, Fire District,
or the State Fire Marshal.
G.
Towing Company Liability. Any towing company, or any affiliate of a towing company, which removes, or commences removal of, abandoned property from private property without first obtaining written authorization from the property owner or lessee, or any employee or agent thereof, who is present at the time of removal or commencement of the removal, except as permitted in Subsection (F) of this Section, is liable to the owner of the property for four (4) times the amount of the towing and storage charges, in addition to any applicable ordinance violation penalty, for a violation of this Section.
[1]
State Law References: For similar provisions, §§ 304.157.1,
304.157.2, 304.157.4 through 304.157.9, 304.158.2 through 304.158.4,
304.158.8 and 304.158.9, RSMo. (2004).
A.
Payment Of Charges. The owner of abandoned property removed as provided in this Chapter shall be responsible for payment of all reasonable charges for towing and storage of such abandoned property as provided in Section 217.060.
B.
Crime Inquiry And Inspection Report. Upon the towing of any abandoned property pursuant to Section 217.035 or under authority of a Law Enforcement Officer or local governmental agency pursuant to Section 217.040, the City Police Department, where it authorized such towing or was properly notified by another governmental agency of such towing, shall promptly make an inquiry with the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) and any statewide Missouri law enforcement computer system to determine if the abandoned property has been reported as stolen and shall enter the information pertaining to the towed property into the statewide law enforcement computer system. If the abandoned property is not claimed within ten (10) working days of the towing, the tower who has online access to the Department of Revenue's records shall make an inquiry to determine the abandoned property owner and lienholder, if any, of record. In the event that the records of the Department of Revenue fail to disclose the name of the owner or any lienholder of record, the tower shall comply with the requirements of Subsection (3) of Section 304.156, RSMo. If the tower does not have online access, the City Police Department shall submit a crime inquiry and inspection report to the Missouri Director of Revenue. The City Police Department shall also provide one (1) copy of the report to the storage facility and one (1) copy to the towing company. A towing company that does not have online access to the Department's records and that is in possession of abandoned property after ten (10) working days shall report such fact to the City Police Department. The crime inquiry and inspection report shall be designed by the Director of Revenue and shall include the following:
1.
The year, model, make and property identification number of
the property and the owner and any lienholders, if known;
2.
A description of any damage to the property noted by the Law
Enforcement Officer authorizing the tow;
3.
The license plate or registration number and the State of issuance,
if available;
4.
The storage location of the towed property;
5.
The name, telephone number and address of the towing company;
6.
The date, place and reason for the towing of the abandoned property;
7.
The date of the inquiry of the National Crime Information Center,
any statewide Missouri law enforcement computer system, and any other
similar system which has titling and registration information to determine
if the abandoned property had been stolen. This information shall
be entered only by the City Police Department;
8.
The signature and printed name of the Law Enforcement Officer
authorizing the tow;
9.
The name of the towing company, the signature and printed name
of the towing operator, and an indicator disclosing whether the tower
has online access to the Department's records; and
10.
Any additional information the Missouri Director of Revenue
deems appropriate.
C.
Reclaiming Property. The owner of such abandoned property, or the
holder of a valid security interest of record, may reclaim it from
the towing company upon proof of ownership or valid security interest
of record and payment of all reasonable charges for the towing and
storage of the abandoned property.
D.
Lienholder Repossession. If a lienholder repossesses any motor vehicle,
trailer, all-terrain vehicle, outboard motor or vessel without the
knowledge or cooperation of the owner, then the repossessor shall
notify the City Police Department within two (2) hours of the repossession
and shall further provide the Police Department with any additional
information the Police Department deems appropriate. The City Police
Department shall make an inquiry with the National Crime Information
Center and the Missouri statewide law enforcement computer system
and shall enter the repossessed vehicle into the statewide law enforcement
computer system.
E.
Notice To Owner/Tow Lien Claim. Any towing company which comes into
possession of abandoned property pursuant to this Chapter and who
claims a lien for recovering, towing or storing abandoned property
shall give notice to the title owner and to all persons claiming a
lien thereon, as disclosed by the records of the Missouri Department
of Revenue or of a corresponding agency in any other State. The towing
company shall notify the owner and any lienholder within ten (10)
business days of the date of mailing indicated on the notice sent
by the Missouri Department of Revenue pursuant to Section 304.156,
RSMo., by certified mail, return receipt requested. The notice shall
contain the following:
1.
The name, address and telephone number of the storage facility;
2.
The date, reason and place from which the abandoned property
was removed;
3.
A statement that the amount of the accrued towing, storage and
administrative costs are the responsibility of the owner, and that
storage and/or administrative costs will continue to accrue as a legal
liability of the owner until the abandoned property is redeemed;
4.
A statement that the storage firm claims a possessory lien for
all such charges;
5.
A statement that the owner or holder of a valid security interest
of record may retake possession of the abandoned property at any time
during business hours by proving ownership or rights to a secured
interest and paying all towing and storage charges;
6.
A statement that, should the owner consider that the towing
or removal was improper or not legally justified, the owner has a
right to request a hearing as provided in this Section to contest
the propriety of such towing or removal;
7.
A statement that if the abandoned property remains unclaimed
for thirty (30) days from the date of mailing the notice, title to
the abandoned property will be transferred to the person or firm in
possession of the abandoned property free of all prior liens; and
8.
A statement that any charges in excess of the value of the abandoned
property at the time of such transfer shall remain a liability of
the owner.
F.
Physical Search Of Property. In the event that the Missouri Department
of Revenue notifies the towing company that the records of the Department
of Revenue fail to disclose the name of the owner or any lienholder
of record, the towing company shall attempt to locate documents or
other evidence of ownership on or within the abandoned property itself.
The towing company must certify that a physical search of the abandoned
property disclosed no ownership documents were found and a good faith
effort has been made. For purposes of this Section, "good faith effort"
means that the following checks have been performed by the company
to establish the prior State of registration and title:
1.
Check the abandoned property for any type of license plates,
license plate record, temporary permit, inspection sticker, decal
or other evidence which may indicate a State of possible registration
and title;
2.
Check the law enforcement report for a license plate number
or registration number if the abandoned property was towed at the
request of a law enforcement agency;
3.
Check the tow ticket/report of the tow truck operator to see
if a license plate was on the abandoned property at the beginning
of the tow, if a private tow; and
4.
If there is no address of the owner on the impound report, check
the law enforcement report to see if an out-of-state address is indicated
on the driver license information.
G.
Petition In Circuit Court. The owner of the abandoned property removed pursuant to this Chapter or any person claiming a lien, other than the towing company, within ten (10) days after the receipt of notification from the towing company pursuant to Subsection (E) of this Section may file a petition in the Associate Circuit Court in the County where the abandoned property is stored to determine if the abandoned property was wrongfully taken or withheld from the owner. The petition shall name the towing company among the defendants. The petition may also name the agency ordering the tow or the owner, lessee or agent of the real property from which the abandoned property was removed. The Missouri Director of Revenue shall not be a party to such petition but a copy of the petition shall be served on the Director of Revenue.
H.
Notice To Owner.
1.
Notice as to the removal of any abandoned property pursuant
to this Chapter shall be made in writing within five (5) working days
to the registered owner and any lienholder of the fact of the removal,
the grounds for the removal, and the place to which the property has
been removed by either:
2.
If the abandoned property is stored in any storage facility,
a copy of the notice shall be given to the operator of the facility.
The notice provided for in this Section shall include the amount of
mileage if available shown on the abandoned property at the time of
removal.
I.
Tow Truck Requirements. Any towing company which tows abandoned property
for hire shall have the towing company's name, City and State clearly
printed in letters at least three (3) inches in height on the sides
of the truck, wrecker or other vehicle used in the towing.
J.
Storage Facilities. Persons operating or in charge of any storage
facility where the abandoned property is stored pursuant to this Chapter
shall accept cash for payment of towing and storage by a registered
owner or the owner's agent claiming the abandoned property.
K.
Disposition Of Towed Property. Notwithstanding the provisions of
Section 301.227, RSMo., any towing company who has complied with the
notification provisions in Section 304.156, RSMo., including notice
that any property remaining unredeemed after thirty (30) days may
be sold as scrap property, may then dispose of such property as provided
in this Subsection. Such sale shall only occur if at least thirty
(30) days have passed since the date of such notification, the abandoned
property remains unredeemed with no satisfactory arrangements made
with the towing company for continued storage, and the owner or holder
of a security agreement has not requested a hearing as provided in
Section 304.156, RSMo. The towing company may dispose of such abandoned
property by selling the property on a bill of sale as prescribed by
the Director of Revenue to a scrap metal operator or licensed salvage
dealer for destruction purposes only. The towing company shall forward
a copy of the bill of sale provided by the scrap metal operator or
licensed salvage dealer to the Director of Revenue within two (2)
weeks of the date of such sale. The towing company shall keep a record
of each such vehicle sold for destruction for three (3) years that
shall be available for inspection by law enforcement and authorized
Department of Revenue officials. The record shall contain the year,
make, identification number of the property, date of sale, and name
of the purchasing scrap metal operator or licensed salvage dealer
and copies of all notifications issued by the towing company as required
in this Chapter. Scrap metal operators or licensed salvage dealers
shall keep a record of the purchase of such property as provided in
Section 301.227, RSMo. Scrap metal operators and licensed salvage
dealers may obtain a junk certificate as provided in Section 301.227,
RSMo., on vehicles purchased on a bill of sale pursuant to the Section.
[1]
State Law References: For similar provisions, §§ 304.155.5
304.155.6 (2004), 304.155.11 304.155.12 (2004), 304.158.1, 304.158.5,
304.158.7, RSMo.
A.
A towing company may only assess reasonable storage charges for abandoned
property towed without the consent of the owner. Reasonable storage
charges shall not exceed the charges for vehicles which have been
towed with the consent of the owner on a negotiated basis. Storage
charges may be assessed only for the time in which the towing company
complies with the procedural requirements of this Chapter.
B.
The City Council may from time to time establish maximum reasonable towing, storage and other charges which can be imposed by towing and storage companies operating within the City, and which are consistent with this Chapter and with Sections 304.155 to 304.158, RSMo. Any violation of said established maximum charges shall be deemed a violation of this Section of the Code and shall be punishable pursuant to Section 100.080.
C.
A towing company may impose a charge of not more than one-half (1/2)
of the regular towing charge for the towing of abandoned property
at the request of the owner of private real property or that owner's
agent pursuant to this Chapter if the owner of the abandoned property
or the owner's agent returns to the abandoned property before it is
removed from the private real property. The regular towing charge
may only be imposed after the abandoned property has been removed
from the property and is in transit.
[1]
State Law References: For similar provisions, §§ 304.156.2,
304.158.6, 304.158.10, RSMo.
When the City has physical possession of the abandoned property,
it may sell the abandoned property in accordance with its established
provisions and regulations and may transfer ownership by means of
a bill of sale signed by the City Clerk and sealed with the official
City Seal. Such bill of sale shall contain the make and model of the
abandoned property, the complete abandoned property identification
number, and the odometer reading of the abandoned property, if available,
and shall be lawful proof of ownership for any dealer registered under
the provisions of Section 301.218, RSMo., or Section 301.560, RSMo.,
or for any other person.
[1]
State Law Reference: For similar provisions, § 304.156,
RSMo.
