[HISTORY: Adopted by the Town Board of the
Town of Clarence 5-9-2007 by L.L. No. 2-2007; amended in its entirety 5-10-2023 by L.L. No. 3-2023. Subsequent amendments noted where applicable.]
This chapter provides for the administration and enforcement
of the New York State Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code (the
Uniform Code) and the State Energy Conservation Construction Code
(the Energy Code) in this Town of Clarence. This chapter is adopted
pursuant to section 10 of the Municipal Home Rule Law. Except as otherwise
provided in the Uniform Code, the Energy Code other state law, or
other section of this chapter, all buildings, structures, and premises,
regardless of use or occupancy, are subject to the provisions this
chapter.
In this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings
shown in this section:
An area in any building, or in any portion of a building,
that is primarily used or intended to be used for gathering 50 or
more persons for uses including, but not limited to, amusement, athletic,
entertainment, social, or other recreational functions; patriotic,
political, civic, educational, or religious functions; food or drink
consumption; awaiting transportation; or similar purposes.
A building permit, construction permit, demolition permit,
or other permit that authorizes the performance of work. The term
"building permit" shall also include a building permit which is renewed,
amended, or extended pursuant to any provision of this chapter.
A document issued by the Town of Clarence stating that work
was done in compliance with approved construction documents and the
Codes.
A document issued by the Town of Clarence certifying that
the building or structure, or portion thereof, complies with the approved
construction documents that have been submitted to, and approved by
the Town of Clarence, and indicating that the building or structure,
or portion thereof, is in a condition suitable for occupancy.
The Code Enforcement Officer and all Inspectors.
The Uniform Code and Energy Code.
The New York State Energy Conservation Construction Code
adopted pursuant to Article 11 of the Energy Law.
The 2020 Fire Code of New York State as currently incorporated
by reference in 19 NYCRR Part 1225.
An inspection performed to determine compliance with the
applicable provisions of 19 NYCRR Part 1225 and the publications incorporated
therein by reference and the applicable provisions of 19 NYCRR Part
1226 and the publications incorporated therein by reference.
A solid, liquid, or gas associated with semiconductor manufacturing
that has a degree-of-hazard rating in health, flammability, or instability
of Class 3 or 4, as ranked by NFPA 704 (Standard Systems for Identification
of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response), and which is
used directly in research, laboratory, or production processes which
have, as their end product, materials that are not hazardous.
A mobile food vehicle is self-contained, and where ready-to-eat
food is either prepared, cooked, wrapped, packaged, processed or portioned
for service, sale, or distribution. This shall include, but not be
limited to, vehicles, trailers, mobile grills and smokers.
A permit issued pursuant to § 67-10 of this chapter. The term "operating permit" shall also include an operating permit which is renewed, amended, or extended pursuant to any provision of this chapter.
The person to whom a building permit has been issued.
An individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership,
limited partnership, business trust, estate, trust, association, or
any other legal or commercial entity of any kind or description.
The 2020 Property Maintenance Code of New York State as currently
incorporated by reference in 19 NYCRR Part 1226.
The 2020 Residential Code of New York State as currently
incorporated by reference in 19 NYCRR Part 1220.
The reconstruction, replacement, or renewal of any part of
an existing building for the purpose of its maintenance or to correct
damage.
An order issued pursuant to § 67-6 of this chapter.
A building used, in whole or in part, for the collection,
storage, or processing of maple sap into maple syrup and/or maple
sugar.
The Town of Clarence, including, but not limited to the Town
Board, all Town departments, department heads and other Town authorized
employees and/or agents.
The New York State Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code,
Subchapter A of Chapter XXXIII of Title 19 of the NYCRR, adopted pursuant
to Article 18 of the Executive Law.
A.
The Office of Code Enforcement Officer is hereby created and herein
after shall be a division of the Building Department. The Code Enforcement
Officer shall administer and enforce all the provisions of the Uniform
Code, the Energy Code, and this chapter. The Code Enforcement Officer
shall have the following powers and duties:
(1)
To receive, review, and approve or disapprove applications for building
permits, certificates of occupancy, certificates of compliance, temporary
certificates of occupancy, and operating permits, and the plans, specifications,
and construction documents submitted with such applications;
(2)
Upon approval of such applications, to issue building permits, certificates
of occupancy, certificates of compliance, temporary certificates of
occupancy, and operating permits, and to include in terms and conditions
as the Code Enforcement Officer may determine to be appropriate building
permits, certificates of occupancy, certificates of compliance, temporary
certificates of occupancy, and operating permits;
(3)
To conduct construction inspections; inspections to be made prior
to the issuance of certificates of occupancy, certificates of compliance,
temporary certificates of occupancy, and operating permits; fire safety
and property maintenance inspections; inspections incidental to the
investigation of complaints; and all other inspections required or
permitted under any provision of this chapter;
(4)
To issue stop-work orders;
(5)
To review and investigate complaints;
(7)
To maintain records;
(8)
To collect fees as set by the Town Board of this Town of Clarence;
(9)
To pursue administrative enforcement actions and proceedings;
(10)
In consultation with this Town of Clarence Town Attorney, Town Prosecutor,
Special Town Prosecutor and Erie County District Attorney and/or his/her
designee to pursue such legal actions and proceedings as may be necessary
to enforce the Uniform Code, the Energy Code, and this chapter, or
to abate or correct conditions not in compliance with the Uniform
Code, the Energy Code, or this chapter; and
(11)
To exercise all other powers and fulfill all other duties conferred
upon the Code Enforcement Officer by this chapter.
B.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall be appointed by the Clarence Town
Board. The Code Enforcement Officer shall possess background experience
related to building construction or fire prevention and shall, within
the time prescribed by law, obtain such basic training, in-service
training, advanced in-service training, and other training as the
State of New York shall require for code enforcement personnel, and
the Code Enforcement Officer shall obtain certification from the Department
of State pursuant to the Executive Law and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.
C.
In the event that the Code Enforcement Officer is unable to serve
as such for any reason, another individual shall be appointed by the
Clarence Town Board to serve as Acting Code Enforcement Officer. The
Acting Code Enforcement Officer shall, during the term of their appointment,
exercise all powers and fulfill all duties conferred upon the Code
Enforcement Officer by this chapter.
D.
One or more Inspectors may be appointed by the Clarence Town Board
to act under the supervision and direction of the Code Enforcement
Officer and to assist the Code Enforcement Officer in the exercise
of the powers and fulfillment of the duties conferred upon the Code
Enforcement Officer by this chapter. Each Inspector shall, within
the time prescribed by law, obtain such basic training, in-service
training, advanced in-service training, and other training as the
State of New York shall require for code enforcement personnel, and
each Inspector shall obtain certification from the Department of State
pursuant to the Executive Law and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
E.
The compensation for the Code Enforcement Officer and Inspectors
shall be fixed from time to time by the Town Board of this Town of
Clarence.
A.
Building permits required. Except as otherwise provided in Subsection B of this section, a building permit shall be required for any work which must conform to the Uniform Code and/or the Energy Code, including, but not limited to, the construction, enlargement, alteration, improvement, removal, relocation, or demolition of any building or structure or any portion thereof, and the installation of a solid fuel burning heating appliance, chimney, or flue in any dwelling unit. No person shall commence any work for which a building permit is required without first having obtained a building permit from the Town of Clarence.
B.
Exemptions. No building permit shall be required for work in any
of the following categories:
(1)
Construction of temporary sets and scenery associated with motion
picture, television, and theater uses;
(2)
Installation of window awnings supported by an exterior wall of a
one- or two- family dwelling or multiple single-family dwellings (townhouses);
(3)
Installation of partitions or movable cases less than five feet nine
inches in height;
(4)
Painting, wallpapering, tiling, carpeting, or other similar finish
work;
(5)
Installation of swings and other playground equipment associated
with a one- or two-family dwelling or multiple single-family dwellings
(townhouses);
C.
Exemption not deemed authorization to perform noncompliant work. The exemption from the requirement to obtain a building permit for work in any category set forth in Subsection B of this section shall not be deemed an authorization for work to be performed in violation of the Uniform Code or the Energy Code and/or any other local law, rule, regulation and/or code of the Town of Clarence.
D.
Applications for building permits. Applications for a building permit
shall be made in writing on a form provided by or otherwise acceptable
to the Code Enforcement Officer. The application shall be signed by
the owner of the property where the work is to be performed or an
authorized agent of the owner. The application shall include such
information as the Code Enforcement Officer deems sufficient to permit
a determination by the Code Enforcement Officer that the intended
work complies with all applicable requirements of the Uniform Code
and the Energy Code and/or any other local law, rule, regulation and/or
code of the Town of Clarence. The application shall include or be
accompanied by the following information and documentation:
(1)
A description of the location, nature, extent, and scope of the proposed
work;
(2)
The tax map number and the street address of any affected building
or structure;
(3)
The occupancy classification of any affected building or structure;
(4)
Where applicable, a statement of special inspections prepared in
accordance with the provisions of the Uniform Code; and
(5)
At least two sets of construction documents (drawings and/or specifications)
which (i) describe the location, nature, extent, and scope of the
proposed work; (ii) show that the proposed work will conform to the
applicable provisions of the Codes; (iii) show the location, construction,
size, and character of all portions of the means of egress; (iv) show
a representation of the building thermal envelope; (v) show structural
information including but not limited to braced wall designs, the
size, section, and relative locations of structural members, design
loads, and other pertinent structural information; (vi) show the proposed
structural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, fire-protection, and
other service systems of the building; (vii) include a written statement
indicating compliance with the Energy Code; (viii) include a site
plan, drawn to scale and drawn in accordance with an accurate boundary
survey, showing the size and location of new construction and existing
structures and appurtenances on the site, distances from lot lines,
the established street grades and the proposed finished grades, and,
as applicable, flood hazard areas, floodways, and design flood elevations;
and (ix) evidence that the documents were prepared by a licensed and
registered architect in accordance with Article 147 of the New York
State Education Law or a licensed and registered professional engineer
in accordance with Article 145 of the New York State Education Law
and practice guidelines, including but not limited to the design professional's
seal which clearly and legibly shows both the design professional's
name and license number and is signed by the design professional whose
name appears on the seal in such a manner that neither the name nor
the number is obscured in any way, the design professional's
registration expiration date, the design professional's firm
name (if not a sole practitioner), and, if the documents are submitted
by a professional engineering firm and not a sole practitioner professional
engineer, the firm's certificate of authorization number.
E.
Construction documents. Construction documents will not be accepted as part of an application for a building permit unless they satisfy the requirements set forth in Subsection D(5) of this section. Construction documents which are accepted as part of the application for a building permit shall be marked as accepted by the Code Enforcement Officer in writing or by stamp, or in the case of electronic media, an electronic marking. One set of the accepted construction documents shall be retained by the Code Enforcement Officer, and one set of the accepted construction documents shall be returned to the applicant to be kept at the work site so as to be available for use by the Code Enforcement Personnel. However, the return of a set of accepted construction documents to the applicant shall not be construed as authorization to commence work, nor as an indication that a building permit will be issued. Work shall not be commenced until and unless a building permit is issued.
F.
Issuance of building permits. An application for a building permit
shall be examined to ascertain whether the proposed work is in compliance
with the applicable requirements of the Uniform Code and Energy Code.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall issue a building permit if the
proposed work is in compliance with the applicable requirements of
the Uniform Code and Energy Code.
G.
Building permits to be displayed. Building permits shall be visibly
displayed at the work site and shall remain visible until the authorized
work has been completed.
H.
Work to be in accordance with construction documents. All work shall
be performed in accordance with the construction documents which were
submitted with and accepted as part of the application for the building
permit. The building permit shall contain such a directive. The permit
holder shall immediately notify the Code Enforcement Officer of any
change occurring during the course of the work. The building permit
shall contain such a directive. If the Code Enforcement Officer determines
that such change warrants a new or amended building permit, such change
shall not be made until and unless a new or amended building permit
reflecting such change is issued.
I.
Time limits. Building permits shall become invalid unless the authorized
work is commenced within six months following the date of issuance.
Building permits shall expire 12 months after the date of issuance.
A building permit which has become invalid or which has expired pursuant
to this subdivision may be renewed upon application by the permit
holder, payment of the applicable fee, and approval of the application
by the Code Enforcement Officer.
J.
Revocation or suspension of building permits. If the Code Enforcement
Officer determines that a building permit was issued in error because
of incorrect, inaccurate, or incomplete information, or that the work
for which a building permit was issued violates the Uniform Code or
the Energy Code, the Code Enforcement Officer shall revoke the building
permit or suspend the building permit until such time as the permit
holder demonstrates that (1) all work then completed is in compliance
with all applicable provisions of the Uniform Code and the Energy
Code and (2) all work then proposed to be performed shall be in compliance
with all applicable provisions of the Uniform Code and the Energy
Code.
A.
Work to remain accessible and exposed. Work shall remain accessible and exposed until inspected and accepted by the Code Enforcement Officer or by an Inspector authorized by the Code Enforcement Officer. The permit holder shall notify the Code Enforcement Officer when any element of work described in Subsection B of this section is ready for inspection.
B.
Elements of work to be inspected. The following elements of the construction
process shall be inspected, where applicable:
(1)
Work site prior to the issuance of a building permit;
(2)
Footing and foundation;
(3)
Preparation for concrete slab;
(4)
Framing;
(5)
Structural, electrical, plumbing, mechanical, fire-protection, and
other similar service systems of the building;
(6)
Fire resistant construction;
(7)
Fire resistant penetrations;
(8)
Solid-fuel burning heating appliances, chimneys, flues, or gas vents;
(9)
Inspections required to demonstrate Energy Code compliance, including
but not limited to insulation, fenestration, air leakage, system controls,
mechanical equipment size, and, where required, minimum fan efficiencies,
programmable thermostats, energy recovery, whole-house ventilation,
plumbing heat traps, and high-performance lighting and controls;
(10)
Installation, connection, and assembly of factor manufactured buildings
and manufactured homes; and
(11)
A final inspection after all work authorized by the building permit
has been completed.
C.
Remote inspections. At the discretion of the Code Enforcement Officer
or inspector authorized to perform construction inspections, a remote
inspection may be performed in lieu of an in-person inspection when,
in the opinion of the Code Enforcement Officer or such authorized
Inspector, the remote inspection can be performed to the same level
and quality as an in-person inspection and the remote inspection shows
to the satisfaction of the Code Enforcement Officer or by such authorized
Inspector that the elements of the construction process conform with
the applicable requirements of the Uniform Code and Energy Code. Should
a remote inspection not afford the Code Enforcement Officer or such
authorized Inspector sufficient information to make a determination,
an in-person inspection shall be performed.
D.
Inspection results. After inspection, the work or a portion thereof
shall be noted as satisfactory as completed, or the permit holder
shall be notified as to the manner in which the work fails to comply
with the Uniform Code or Energy Code, including a citation to the
specific code provision or provisions that have not been met. Work
not in compliance with any applicable provision of the Uniform Code
or Energy Code shall remain exposed until such work shall have been
brought into compliance with all applicable provisions of the Uniform
Code and the Energy Code, reinspected, and found satisfactory as completed.
A.
Authority to issue. The Code Enforcement Officer is authorized to
issue stop-work orders pursuant to this section. The Code Enforcement
Officer shall issue a stop-work order to halt:
(1)
Any work that is determined by the Code Enforcement Officer to be
contrary to any applicable provision of the Uniform Code or Energy
Code, without regard to whether such work is or is not work for which
a building permit is required, and without regard to whether a building
permit has or has not been issued for such work; or
(2)
Any work that is being conducted in a dangerous or unsafe manner
in the opinion of the Code Enforcement Officer, without regard to
whether such work is or is not work for which a building permit is
required, and without regard to whether a building permit has or has
not been issued for such work; or
(3)
Any work for which a building permit is required which is being performed
without the required building permit, or under a building permit that
has become invalid, has expired, or has been suspended or revoked.
B.
Content of stop-work orders. Stop-work orders shall (1) be in writing,
(2) be dated and signed by the Code Enforcement Officer, (3) state
the reason or reasons for issuance, and (4) if applicable, state the
conditions which must be satisfied before work will be permitted to
resume.
C.
Service of stop-work orders. The Code Enforcement Officer shall cause
the stop-work order, or a copy thereof, to be served on the owner
of the affected property (and, if the owner is not the permit holder,
on the permit holder) personally or by certified mail. The Code Enforcement
Officer shall be permitted, but not required, to cause the stop-work
order, or a copy thereof, to be served on any builder, architect,
tenant, contractor, subcontractor, construction superintendent, or
their agents, or any other person taking part or assisting in work
affected by the stop-work order, personally or by certified mail;
provided, however, that failure to serve any person mentioned in this
sentence shall not affect the efficacy of the stop-work order.
D.
Effect of stop-work order. Upon the issuance of a stop-work order,
the owner of the affected property, the permit holder, and any other
person performing, taking part in, or assisting in the work shall
immediately cease all work which is the subject of the stop-work order,
other than work expressly authorized by the Code Enforcement Officer
to correct the reason for issuing the stop-work order.
E.
Remedy not exclusive. The issuance of a stop-work order shall not be the exclusive remedy available to address any event described in Subsection A of this section, and the authority to issue a stop-work order shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for or limitation of, the right and authority to pursue any other remedy or impose any other penalty under § 67-17 (Violations) of this chapter or under any other applicable local law or state law. Any such other remedy or penalty may be pursued at any time, whether prior to, at the time of, or after the issuance of a stop-work order.
A.
Certificates of occupancy and certificates of compliance required.
A certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance shall be required
for any work which is the subject of a building permit and for all
structures, buildings, or portions thereof, which are converted from
one use or occupancy classification or subclassification to another.
Permission to use or occupy a building or structure, or portion thereof,
for which a building permit was previously issued shall be granted
only by issuance of a certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance.
B.
Issuance of certificates of occupancy and certificates of compliance.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall issue a certificate of occupancy
or certificate of compliance if the work which was the subject of
the building permit was completed in accordance with all applicable
provisions of the Uniform Code and Energy Code and, if applicable,
that the structure, building or portion thereof that was converted
from one use or occupancy classification or subclassification to another
complies with all applicable provisions of the Uniform Code and Energy
Code. The Code Enforcement Officer or an Inspector authorized by the
Code Enforcement Officer shall inspect the building, structure, or
work prior to the issuance of a certificate of occupancy or certificate
of compliance. In addition, where applicable, the following documents,
prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Uniform Code by
such person or persons as may be designated by or otherwise acceptable
to the Code Enforcement Officer, at the expense of the applicant for
the certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance, shall be
provided to the Code Enforcement Officer prior to the issuance of
the certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance:
(1)
A written statement of structural observations and/or a final report
of special inspections;
(2)
Flood hazard certifications;
(3)
A written statement of the results of tests performed to show compliance
with the Energy Code; and
(4)
Where applicable, the affixation of the appropriate seals, insignias,
and manufacturer's data plates as required for factory manufactured
buildings and/or manufactured homes.
C.
Contents of certificates of occupancy and certificates of compliance.
A certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance shall contain
the following information:
(1)
The building permit number, if any;
(2)
The date of issuance of the building permit, if any;
(3)
The name (if any), address and tax map number of the property;
(4)
If the certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance is not
applicable to an entire structure, a description of that portion of
the structure for which the certificate of occupancy or certificate
of compliance is issued;
(5)
The use and occupancy classification of the structure;
(6)
The type of construction of the structure;
(7)
The occupant load of the assembly areas in the structure, if any;
(8)
Any special conditions imposed in connection with the issuance of
the building permit; and
(9)
The signature of the Code Enforcement Officer issuing the certificate
of occupancy or certificate of compliance and the date of issuance.
D.
Temporary certificate of occupancy. The Code Enforcement Officer
shall be permitted to issue a temporary certificate of occupancy allowing
the temporary occupancy of a building or structure, or a portion thereof,
prior to completion of the work which is the subject of a building
permit. However, in no event shall the Code Enforcement Officer issue
a temporary certificate of occupancy unless the Code Enforcement Officer
determines (1) that the building or structure, or the portion thereof
covered by the temporary certificate of occupancy, may be occupied
safely, (2) that any required fire and life safety components, such
as fire protection equipment and fire, smoke, carbon monoxide, and
heat detectors and alarms are installed and operational, and (3) that
all required means of egress from the structure have been provided.
The Code Enforcement Officer may include in a temporary certificate
of occupancy such terms and conditions as he or she deems necessary
or appropriate to ensure the health and safety of the persons occupying
and using the building or structure and/or performing further construction
work in the building or structure. A temporary certificate of occupancy
shall be effective for a period of time, not to exceed 12 months from
its date of issuance, which shall be determined by the Code Enforcement
Officer and specified in the temporary certificate of occupancy. During
the specified period of effectiveness of the temporary certificate
of occupancy, the permit holder shall undertake to bring the building
or structure into full compliance with all applicable provisions of
the Uniform Code and the Energy Code.
E.
Revocation or suspension of certificates. If the Code Enforcement
Officer determines that a certificate of occupancy, Certification
of Compliance, or a temporary certificate of occupancy was issued
in error or on the basis of incorrect information, and if the relevant
deficiencies are not corrected to the satisfaction of the Code Enforcement
Officer within such period of time as shall be specified by the Code
Enforcement Officer, the Code Enforcement Officer shall revoke or
suspend such certificate.
The chief officer of any fire department providing firefighting
services for a property within this Town of Clarence shall promptly
notify the Code Enforcement Officer of any fire or explosion involving
any structural damage, appliances or equipment, and any improperly
operating safety systems or any other potentially unsafe conditions
which may be a violation of the Uniform Code.
Unsafe buildings, structures, equipment and conditions of imminent danger in this Town of Clarence shall be identified and addressed in accordance with the procedures established by local law Chapter 75 (Unsafe Buildings), as now in effect or as hereafter amended from time to time.
A.
Operation permits required. Operating permits shall be required for
conducting any process or activity or for operating any type of building,
structure, or facility listed below:
(1)
Manufacturing, storing, or handling hazardous materials in quantities exceeding those listed in the applicable Maximum Allowable Quantity tables found in Chapter 50 of the FCNYS;
(2)
Buildings, structures, facilities, processes, and/or activities that
are within the scope and/or permit requirements of the chapter or
section title of the FCNYS as follows:
(a)
Chapter 22, "Combustible Dust-Producing Operations." Facilities
where the operation produces combustible dust;
(b)
Chapter 24, "Flammable Finishes." Operations utilizing flammable
or combustible liquids, or the application of combustible powders
regulated by Chapter 24 of the FCNYS;
(c)
Chapter 25, "Fruit and Crop Ripening." Operating a fruit- or
crop-ripening facility or conducting a fruit-ripening process using
ethylene gas;
(d)
Chapter 26, "Fumigation and Insecticidal Fogging." Conducting
fumigation or insecticidal fogging operations in buildings, structures,
and spaces, except for fumigation or insecticidal fogging performed
by the occupant of a detached one-family dwelling;
(e)
Chapter 31, "Tents, Temporary Special Event Structures, and
Other Membrane Structures." Operating an air-supported temporary membrane
structure, a temporary special event structure, or a tent where approval
is required pursuant to Chapter 31 of the FCNYS;
(f)
Chapter 32, "High-Piled Combustible Storage." High-piled combustible storage facilities with more than 500 square feet (including aisles) of high-piled storage;
(g)
Chapter 34, "Tire Rebuilding and Tire Storage." Operating a
facility that stores in excess of 2,500 cubic feet of scrap tires
or tire byproducts or operating a tire rebuilding plant;
(h)
Chapter 35, "Welding and Other Hot Work." Performing public
exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is conducted, use of
hot work, welding, or cutting equipment, inside or on a structure,
except an operating permit is not required where work is conducted
under the authorization of a building permit or where performed by
the occupant of a detached one- or two-family dwelling;
(i)
Chapter 40, "Sugarhouse Alternative Activity Provisions." Conducting
an alternative activity at a sugarhouse;
(j)
Chapter 56, "Explosives and Fireworks." Possessing, manufacturing,
storing, handling, selling, or using, explosives, fireworks, or other
pyrotechnic special effects materials except the outdoor use of sparkling
devices as defined by Penal Law section 270;
(k)
Section 307, "Open Burning, Recreational Fires and Portable
Outdoor Fireplaces." Conducting open burning, not including recreational
fires and portable outdoor fireplaces;
(l)
Section 308, "Open Flames." Removing paint with a torch, or
using open flames, fire, and burning in connection with assembly areas
or educational occupancies; and
(3)
Energy storage systems, where the system exceeds the values shown
in Table 1206.1 of the FCNYS or exceeds the permitted aggregate ratings
in section R327.5 of the RCNYS.
(4)
Buildings containing one or more assembly areas;
(5)
Outdoor events where the planned attendance exceeds 1,000 persons;
(6)
Facilities that store, handle or use hazardous production materials;
(8)
Buildings whose use or occupancy classification may pose a substantial
potential hazard to public safety, as determined by resolution adopted
by the Town Board of this Town of Clarence;
(9)
Other processes or activities or for operating any type of building, structure, or facility as determined by resolution adopted by the Town Board of this Town of Clarence. Any person who proposes to undertake any activity or to operate any type of building listed in this Subsection A shall be required to obtain an operating permit prior to commencing such activity or operation.
B.
Applications for operating permits. An application for an operating
permit shall be in writing on a form provided by or otherwise acceptable
to the Code Enforcement Officer. Such application shall include such
information as the Code Enforcement Officer deems sufficient to permit
a determination by the Code Enforcement Officer that quantities, materials,
and activities conform to the requirements of the Uniform Code. If
the Code Enforcement Officer determines that tests or reports are
necessary to verify conformance, such tests or reports shall be performed
or provided by such person or persons as may be designated by or otherwise
acceptable to the Code Enforcement Officer, at the expense of the
applicant.
C.
This subdivision is intentionally omitted.
D.
Inspections. The Code Enforcement Officer or an Inspector authorized
by the Code Enforcement Officer shall inspect the subject premises
prior to the issuance of an operating permit. Such inspections shall
be performed either in-person or remotely. Remote inspections in lieu
of in-person inspections may be performed when, at the discretion
of the Code Enforcement Officer or an Inspector authorized by the
Code Enforcement Officer, the remote inspection can be performed to
the same level and quality as an in-person inspection and the remote
inspection shows to the satisfaction of the Code Enforcement Officer
or Inspector authorized by the Code Enforcement Officer that the premises
conform with the applicable requirements of the Uniform Code and the
code enforcement program. Should a remote inspection not afford the
Town of Clarence sufficient information to make a determination, an
in-person inspection shall be performed. After inspection, the premises
shall be noted as satisfactory and the operating permit shall be issued,
or the operating permit holder shall be notified as to the manner
in which the premises fail to comply with either or both of the Uniform
Code and the code enforcement program, including a citation to the
specific provision or provisions that have not been met.
E.
Multiple activities. In any circumstance in which more than one activity listed in Subsection A of this section is to be conducted at a location, the Code Enforcement Officer may require a separate operating permit for each such activity, or the Code Enforcement Officer may, in their discretion, issue a single operating permit to apply to all such activities.
F.
Duration of operating permits. Operating permits shall be issued
for a specified period of time consistent with local conditions, but
in no event to exceed as follows:
(1)
180 days for tents, special event structures, and other membrane
structures;
(2)
Sixty days for alternative activities at a sugarhouse;
(3)
Three years for the activities, structures, and operations determined per Subsection A(9) of this section, and
(4)
One year for all other activities, structures, and operations identified in Subsection A of this section.
(5)
The effective period of each operating permit shall be specified
in the operating permit. An operating permit may be reissued or renewed
upon application to the Code Enforcement Officer, payment of the applicable
fee, and approval of such application by the Code Enforcement Officer.
G.
Revocation or suspension of operating permits. If the Code Enforcement
Officer determines that any activity or building for which an operating
permit was issued does not comply with any applicable provision of
the Uniform Code, such operating permit shall be revoked or suspended.
A.
Inspections required. Fire safety and property maintenance inspections
of buildings and structures shall be performed by the Code Enforcement
Officer or an Inspector designated by the Code Enforcement Officer
at the following intervals:
(1)
At least once every 12 months for buildings which contain an assembly
area;
(2)
At least once every 12 months for private schools including any buildings
containing classrooms, dormitories, fraternities, sororities, laboratories,
physical education, dining, or recreational facilities; and
(3)
At least once every 36 months for multiple dwellings and all nonresidential
occupancies.
B.
Remote inspections. At the discretion of the Code Enforcement Officer
or Inspector authorized to perform fire safety and property maintenance
inspections, a remote inspection may be performed in lieu of in-person
inspections when, in the opinion of the Code Enforcement Officer or
such authorized Inspector, the remote inspection can be performed
to the same level and quality as an in-person inspection and the remote
inspection shows to the satisfaction of the Code Enforcement Officer
or such authorized Inspector that the premises conform with the applicable
provisions of 19 NYCRR Part 1225 and the publications incorporated
therein by reference and the applicable provisions of 19 NYCRR Part
1226 and the publications incorporated therein by reference. Should
a remote inspection not afford the Code Enforcement Officer or such
authorized Inspector sufficient information to make a determination,
an in-person inspection shall be performed.
C.
Inspections permitted. In addition to the inspections required by Subsection A of this section, a fire safety and property maintenance inspection of any building, structure, use, or occupancy, or of any dwelling unit, may also be performed by the Code Enforcement Officer or an inspector authorized to perform fire safety and property maintenance inspections at any time upon:
(1)
The request of the owner of the property to be inspected or an authorized
agent of such owner;
(2)
Receipt by the Code Enforcement Officer of a written statement alleging
that conditions or activities failing to comply with the Uniform Code
or Energy Code exist; or
(3)
Receipt by the Code Enforcement Officer of any other information,
reasonably believed by the Code Enforcement Officer to be reliable,
giving rise to reasonable cause to believe that conditions or activities
failing to comply with the Uniform Code or Energy Code exist;
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provided, however, that nothing in this subdivision shall be
construed as permitting an inspection under any circumstances under
which a court order or warrant permitting such inspection is required,
unless such court order or warrant shall have been obtained.
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D.
OFPC inspections. Nothing in this section or in any other provision
of this chapter shall supersede, limit, or impair the powers, duties
and responsibilities of the New York State Office of Fire Prevention
and Control ("OFPC") and the New York State Fire Administrator or
other authorized entity under Executive Law section 156-e and Education
Law section 807-b. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section
to the contrary, the Code Enforcement Officer may accept an inspection
performed by the Office of Fire Prevention and Control or other authorized
entity pursuant to sections 807-a and 807-b of the Education Law and/or
section 156-e of the Executive Law, in lieu of a fire safety and property
maintenance inspection performed by the Code Enforcement Officer or
by an Inspector, provided that:
(1)
The Code Enforcement Officer is satisfied that the individual performing
such inspection satisfies the requirements set forth in 19 NYCRR section
1203.2(e);
(2)
The Code Enforcement Officer is satisfied that such inspection covers
all elements required to be covered by a fire safety and property
maintenance inspection;
(3)
Such inspections are performed no less frequently than once a year;
(4)
A true and complete copy of the report of each such inspection is
provided to the Code Enforcement Officer; and
E.
Commercial change of tenant. No person or entity shall occupy, convert
the use or occupancy of a building or structure, or any portion thereof,
from one business or occupancy to another without first obtaining
a building permit to perform the work, if any, required for such conversion;
performing such work, if any; and obtaining a certificate of occupancy
from the Town of Clarence Building Department.
(1)
Permits shall not be transferable, and any change in activity, operation,
location or use shall require a new permit.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall review and investigate complaints
which allege or assert the existence of conditions or activities that
fail to comply with the Uniform Code, the Energy Code, this chapter,
or any other local law or regulation adopted for administration and
enforcement of the Uniform Code or the Energy Code. The process for
responding to a complaint shall include such of the following steps
as the Code Enforcement Officer may deem to be appropriate:
A.
Performing an inspection of the conditions and/or activities alleged
to be in violation, and documenting the results of such inspection;
B.
If a violation is found to exist, providing the owner of the affected property and any other person who may be responsible for the violation with notice of the violation and opportunity to abate, correct or cure the violation, or otherwise proceeding in the manner described in § 67-17 (Violations) of this chapter;
C.
If appropriate, issuing a stop-work order;
D.
If a violation which was found to exist is abated or corrected, performing
an inspection to ensure that the violation has been abated or corrected,
preparing a final written report reflecting such abatement or correction,
and filing such report with the complaint.
A.
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
DETERIORATION
PARKING GARAGE
PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
RESPONSIBLE PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
UNSAFE CONDITION
UNSAFE STRUCTURE
Definitions. For the purposes of this section:
An onsite inspection and evaluation of a parking garage for
evidence of deterioration of any structural element or building component
of such parking garage, evidence of the existence of any unsafe condition
in such parking garage, and evidence indicating that such parking
garage is an unsafe structure.
The weakening, disintegration, corrosion, rust, or decay
of any structural element or building component, or any other loss
of effectiveness of a structural element or building component.
Any building or structure, or part thereof, in which all
or any part of any structural level or levels is used for parking
or storage of motor vehicles, excluding:
An individual who is licensed or otherwise authorized under
Article 145 of the Education Law to practice the profession of engineering
in the State of New York and who has at least three years of experience
performing structural evaluations;
The professional engineer who performs a condition assessment,
or under whose supervision a condition assessment is performed, and
who seals and signs the condition assessment report. The use of the
term "responsible professional engineer" shall not be construed as
limiting the professional responsibility or liability of any professional
engineer, or of any other licensed professional, who participates
in the preparation of a condition assessment without being the responsible
professional engineer for such condition assessment.
The conditions identified as "unsafe" in section 304.1.1,
section 305.1.1, and section 306.1.1 of the PMCNYS; and
A structure that is so damaged, decayed, dilapidated, or
structurally unsafe, or is of such faulty construction or unstable
foundation, that partial or complete collapse is possible.
B.
Condition assessments - general requirements. The owner operator of each parking garage shall cause such parking garage to undergo an initial condition assessment as described in Subsection C of this section, periodic condition assessments as described in Subsection D of this section, and such additional condition assessments as may be required under Subsection E of this section. Each condition assessment shall be conducted by or under the direct supervision of a professional engineer. A written report of each condition assessment shall be prepared, and provided to the Town of Clarence, in accordance with the requirements of Subsection F of this section. Before performing a condition assessment (other than the initial condition assessment) of a parking garage, the responsible professional engineer for such condition assessment shall review all available previous condition assessment reports for such parking garage.
C.
Initial condition assessment. Each parking garage shall undergo an
initial condition assessment as follows:
(1)
Parking garages constructed on or after August 29, 2018, shall undergo
an initial condition assessment following construction and prior to
a certificate of occupancy or certificate of compliance being issued
for the structure.
(2)
Parking garages constructed prior to August 29, 2018, shall undergo
an initial condition assessment as follows:
(a)
If originally constructed prior to January 1, 1984, then prior
to October 1, 2019;
(b)
If originally constructed between January 1, 1984 and December
31, 2002, then prior to October 1, 2020; and
(c)
If originally constructed between January 1, 2003 and August
28, 2018, then prior to October 1, 2021.
(3)
Any parking garage constructed prior to the effective date of the
local law enacting this provision that has not undergone an initial
condition assessment prior to that effective date shall undergo an
initial condition assessment prior to six months after the effective
date of this chapter.
D.
Periodic condition assessments. Following the initial condition assessment
of a parking garage, such parking garage shall undergo periodic condition
assessments at intervals not to exceed three years.
E.
Additional condition assessments.
(1)
If the latest condition assessment report for a parking garage includes a recommendation by the responsible professional engineer that an additional condition assessment of such parking garage, or any portion of such parking garage, be performed before the date by which the next periodic condition assessment would be required under Subsection C of this section, the owner or operator of such parking garage shall cause such parking garage (or, if applicable, the portion of such parking garage identified by the responsible professional engineer) to undergo an additional condition assessment no later than the date recommended in such condition assessment report.
(2)
If the Town of Clarence becomes aware of any new or increased deterioration which, in the judgment of the Town of Clarence, indicates that an additional condition assessment of the entire parking garage, or of the portion of the parking garage affected by such new or increased deterioration, should be performed before the date by which the next periodic condition assessment would be required under Subsection C of this section, the owner or operator of such parking garage shall cause such parking garage (or, if applicable, the portion of the parking garage affected by such new or increased deterioration) to undergo an additional condition assessment no later than the date determined by the Town of Clarence to be appropriate.
F.
Condition assessment reports. The responsible professional engineer
shall prepare, or directly supervise the preparation of, a written
report of each condition assessment, and shall submit such condition
assessment report to the Town of Clarence within 30 days. Such condition
assessment report shall be sealed and signed by the responsible professional
engineer, and shall include:
(1)
An evaluation and description of the extent of deterioration and
conditions that cause deterioration that could result in an unsafe
condition or unsafe structure;
(2)
An evaluation and description of the extent of deterioration and
conditions that cause deterioration that, in the opinion of the responsible
professional engineer, should be remedied immediately to prevent an
unsafe condition or unsafe structure;
(3)
An evaluation and description of the unsafe conditions;
(4)
An evaluation and description of the problems associated with the
deterioration, conditions that cause deterioration, and unsafe conditions;
(5)
An evaluation and description of the corrective options available,
including the recommended timeframe for remedying the deterioration,
conditions that cause deterioration, and unsafe conditions;
(6)
An evaluation and description of the risks associated with not addressing
the deterioration, conditions that cause deterioration, and unsafe
conditions;
(7)
The responsible professional engineer's recommendation regarding
preventative maintenance;
(8)
Except in the case of the report of the initial condition assessment,
the responsible professional engineer's attestation that he or
she reviewed all previously prepared condition assessment reports
available for such parking garage, and considered the information
in the previously prepared reports while performing the current condition
assessment and while preparing the current report; and
(9)
The responsible professional engineer's recommendation regarding
the time within which the next condition assessment of the parking
garage or portion thereof should be performed. In making the recommendation
regarding the time within which the next condition assessment of the
parking garage or portion thereof should be performed, the responsible
professional engineer shall consider the parking garage's age,
maintenance history, structural condition, construction materials,
frequency and intensity of use, location, exposure to the elements,
and any other factors deemed relevant by the responsible professional
engineer in their professional judgment.
G.
Review condition assessment reports. The Town of Clarence shall take such enforcement action or actions in response to the information in such condition assessment report as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the public from the hazards that may result from the conditions described in such report. In particular, but not by way of limitation, the Town of Clarence shall, by order to remedy or such other means of enforcement as the Town of Clarence may deem appropriate, require the owner or operator of the parking garage to repair or otherwise remedy all deterioration, all conditions that cause deterioration, and all unsafe conditions identified in such condition assessment report pursuant to Subsection F(2) and (3). All repairs and remedies shall comply with the applicable provisions of the Uniform Code. This section shall not limit or impair the right of the Town of Clarence to take any other enforcement action, including but not limited to suspension or revocation of a parking garage's operating permit, as may be necessary or appropriate in response to the information in a condition assessment report.
H.
The Town of Clarence shall retain all condition assessment reports
for the life of the parking garage. Upon request by a professional
engineer who has been engaged to perform a condition assessment of
a parking garage, and who provides the Town of Clarence with a written
statement attesting to the fact that he or she has been so engaged,
the Town of Clarence shall make the previously prepared condition
assessment reports for such parking garage (or copies of such reports)
available to such professional engineer. The Town of Clarence shall
be permitted to require the owner or operator of the subject parking
garage to pay all costs and expenses associated with making such previously
prepared condition assessment reports (or copies thereof) available
to the professional engineer.
I.
This section shall not limit or impair the right or the obligation
of the Town of Clarence:
(1)
To perform such construction inspections as are required by § 67-5 (Construction inspections) of this chapter;
(2)
To perform such periodic fire safety and property maintenance inspections as are required by § 67-11 (Fire safety and property maintenance inspections) of this chapter; and/or
(3)
To take such enforcement action or actions as may be necessary or
appropriate to respond to any condition that comes to the attention
of the Town of Clarence by means of its own inspections or observations,
by means of a complaint, or by any other means other than a condition
assessment or a report of a condition assessment.
A.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall determine the climatic and geographic
design criteria for buildings and structures constructed within this
Town of Clarence as required by the Uniform Code. Such determinations
shall be made in the manner specified in the Uniform Code using, where
applicable, the maps, charts, and other information provided in the
Uniform Code. The criteria to be so determined shall include but shall
not necessarily be limited to, the following:
(1)
Design criteria to include ground snow load; wind design loads; seismic
category; potential damage from weathering, frost, and termite; winter
design temperature; whether ice barrier underlayment is required;
the air freezing index; and the mean annual temperature;
(2)
Heating and cooling equipment design criteria for structures within the scope of the RCNYS. The design criteria shall include the data identified in the Design Criteria Table found in Chapter 3 of the RCNYS; and
(3)
Flood hazard areas, flood hazard maps, and supporting data. The flood
hazard map shall include, at a minimum, special flood hazard areas
as identified by the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the Flood
Insurance Study for the community, as amended or revised with:
B.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall prepare a written record of the climatic and geographic design criteria determined pursuant to Subsection A of this section, shall maintain such record within the office of the Code Enforcement Officer, and shall make such record readily available to the public.
A.
The Code Enforcement Officer shall keep permanent official records
of all transactions and activities conducted by all Code Enforcement
Personnel, including records of:
(1)
All applications received, reviewed and approved or denied;
(2)
All plans, specifications and construction documents approved;
(3)
All building permits, certificates of occupancy, certificates of
compliance, temporary certificates, stop-work orders, and operating
permits issued;
(4)
All inspections and tests performed;
(5)
All statements and reports issued;
(6)
All complaints received;
(7)
All investigations conducted;
(8)
All condition assessment reports received;
(9)
All fees charged and collected; and
B.
All such records shall be public records open for public inspection
during normal business hours. All plans and records pertaining to
buildings or structures, or appurtenances thereto, shall be retained
for at least the minimum time period so required by state law and
regulation.
A.
The Senior Code Enforcement Officer shall annually submit to the Town Board of this Town of Clarence, a written report and summary of all business conducted by the Code Enforcement Officer and the Inspectors, including a report and summary of all transactions and activities described in § 67-14 (Record keeping) of this chapter and a report and summary of all appeals or litigation pending or concluded.
B.
The Senior Code Enforcement Officer shall annually submit to the
Secretary of State, on behalf of this Town of Clarence, on a form
prescribed by the Secretary of State, a report of the activities of
this Town of Clarence relative to administration and enforcement of
the Uniform Code.
C.
The Senior Code Enforcement Officer shall, upon request of the New
York State Department of State, provide to the New York State Department
of State, true and complete copies of the records and related materials
this Town of Clarence is required to maintain; true and complete copies
of such portion of such records and related materials as may be requested
by the Department of State; and/or such excerpts, summaries, tabulations,
statistics, and other information and accounts of its activities in
connection with administration and enforcement of the Uniform Code
and/or Energy Code as may be requested by the Department of State.
A.
Orders to remedy. The Code Enforcement Officer is authorized to order
in writing the remedying of any condition or activity found to exist
in, on or about any building, structure, or premises in violation
of the Uniform Code, the Energy Code, or this chapter. An order to
remedy shall be in writing; shall be dated and signed by the Code
Enforcement Officer; shall specify the condition or activity that
violates the Uniform Code, the Energy Code, or this chapter; shall
specify the provision or provisions of the Uniform Code, the Energy
Code, or this chapter which is/are violated by the specified condition
or activity; and shall include a statement substantially similar to
the following:
"The person or entity served with this order to remedy must
completely remedy each violation described in this order to remedy
by _____ [specify date], which is 30 days after the date of this order
to remedy."
(1)
The order to remedy may include provisions ordering the person or
entity served with such order to remedy (1) to begin to remedy the
violations described in the order to remedy immediately, or within
some other specified period of time which may be less than 30 days;
to continue diligently to remedy such violations until each such violation
is fully remedied; and, in any event, to complete the remedying of
all such violations within 30 days of the date of such order to remedy;
and/or (2) to take such other protective actions (such as vacating
the building or barricading the area where the violations exist) which
are authorized by this chapter or by any other applicable statute,
regulation, rule, local law or ordinance, and which the Code Enforcement
Officer may deem appropriate, during the period while such violations
are being remedied. The Code Enforcement Officer shall cause the order
to remedy, or a copy thereof, to be served on the owner of the affected
property personally or by certified mail within five days after the
date of the order to remedy. The Code Enforcement Officer shall be
permitted, but not required, to cause the order to remedy, or a copy
thereof, to be served on any builder, architect, tenant, contractor,
subcontractor, construction superintendent, or their agents, or any
other person taking part or assisting in work being performed at the
affected property personally or by registered mail or certified mail
within five days after the date of the order to remedy; provided,
however, that failure to serve any person mentioned in this sentence
shall not affect the efficacy of the compliance order.
B.
Appearance tickets. The Code Enforcement Officer and each Inspector
are authorized to issue appearance tickets for any violation of the
Uniform Code.
C.
Penalties. In addition to such other penalties as may be prescribed
by state law:
(1)
Any person who violates any provision of this chapter or any term,
condition, or provision of any building permit, certificate of occupancy,
certificate of compliance, temporary certificate, stop-work order,
operating permit or other notice or order issued by the Code Enforcement
Officer pursuant to any provision of this chapter, shall be punishable
by a fine of not more than $250 per day of violation, or imprisonment
not exceeding 15 days, or both; and
(2)
Any person who violates any provision of the Uniform Code, the Energy
Code or this chapter, or any term or condition of any building permit,
certificate of occupancy, certificate of compliance, temporary certificate,
stop-work order, operating permit or other notice or order issued
by the Code Enforcement Officer pursuant to any provision of this
chapter, shall be liable to pay a civil penalty of not more than $250
for each day or part thereof during which such violation continues.
The civil penalties provided by this paragraph shall be recoverable
in an action instituted in the name of this Town of Clarence in a
court of competent jurisdiction.
D.
Injunctive relief. An action or proceeding may be instituted in the
name of this Town of Clarence, in a court of competent jurisdiction,
to prevent, restrain, enjoin, correct, or abate any violation of,
or to enforce, any provision of the Uniform Code, the Energy Code,
this chapter, or any term or condition of any building permit, certificate
of occupancy, certificate of compliance, temporary certificate, stop-work
order, operating permit, order to remedy, or other notice or order
issued by the Code Enforcement Officer pursuant to any provision of
this chapter. In particular, but not by way of limitation, where the
construction or use of a building or structure is in violation of
any provision of the Uniform Code, the Energy Code, this chapter,
or any stop-work order, order to remedy or other order obtained under
the Uniform Code, the Energy Code or this chapter, an action or proceeding
may be commenced in the name of this Town of Clarence, in the Supreme
Court of the State of New York or in any other court having the requisite
jurisdiction, to obtain an order directing the removal of the building
or structure or an abatement of the condition in violation of such
provisions. No action or proceeding described in this subdivision
shall be commenced without the appropriate authorization from the
Town Board of this Town of Clarence.
E.
Remedies not exclusive. No remedy or penalty specified in this section shall be the exclusive remedy or remedy available to address any violation described in this section, and each remedy or penalty specified in this section shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for or limitation of, the other remedies or penalties specified in this section, in § 67-6 (Stop-work orders) of this chapter, in any other section of this chapter, or in any other applicable law. Any remedy or penalty specified in this section may be pursued at any time, whether prior to, simultaneously with, or after the pursuit of any other remedy or penalty specified in this section, in § 67-6 (Stop-work orders) of this chapter, in any other section of this chapter, or in any other applicable law, in particular, but not by way of limitation, each remedy and penalty specified in this section shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for or limitation of, the penalties specified in subdivision (2) of section 382 of the Executive Law, and any remedy or penalty specified in this section may be pursued at any time, whether prior to, simultaneously with, or after the pursuit of any penalty specified in subdivision (2) of section 382 of the Executive Law.
A fee schedule shall be established by resolution of the Town
Board of this Town of Clarence. Such fee schedule may thereafter be
amended from time to time by like resolution. The fees set forth in,
or determined in accordance with, such fee schedule or amended fee
schedule shall be charged and collected for the submission of applications,
the issuance of building permits, amended building permits, renewed
building permits, certificates of occupancy, certificates of compliance,
temporary certificates, operating permits, fire safety and property
maintenance inspections, and other actions of the Code Enforcement
Officer described in or contemplated by this chapter.
The Town Board of this Town of Clarence may, by resolution,
authorize the Clarence Town Supervisor of this Town of Clarence to
enter into an agreement, in the name of this Town of Clarence, with
other governments to carry out the terms of this chapter, provided
that such agreement does not violate any provision of the Uniform
Code, the Energy Code, Part 1203 of Title 19 of the NYCRR, or any
other applicable law.
If any section of this chapter shall be held unconstitutional,
invalid, or ineffective, in whole or in part, such determination shall
not be deemed to affect, impair, or invalidate the remainder of this
chapter.
This chapter shall take effect immediately upon filing in the
office of the New York State Secretary of State in accordance with
section 27 of the Municipal Home Rule Law.
