A. Applicability.
The Coastal Bluff Overlay Zone regulations shall apply to all areas
of the City where site-specific analysis of the characteristics of
a parcel of land indicate the presence of a coastal bluff.
B. Development
Standards. In addition to development and design regulations which
otherwise apply, the following development standards shall apply to
properties within the Coastal Bluff Overlay Zone. In case of conflict
between the following standards and other standards, regulations and
guidelines applicable to a given property, the more restrictive shall
regulate.
1. With
the following exceptions, no principal structure, accessory structure,
facility or improvement shall be constructed, placed or installed
within 40 feet of the top edge of the coastal bluff. Exceptions are
as follows:
a. Principal and accessory structures closer than 40 feet but not closer than 25 feet from the top edge of the coastal bluff, as reviewed and approved pursuant to subsection
C, Development Processing and Approval, of this section. This exception to allow a minimum setback of no less than 25 feet shall be limited to additions or expansions to existing principal structures which are already located seaward of the 40-foot coastal blufftop setback, provided the proposed addition or expansion is located no further seaward than the existing principal structure, is set back a minimum of 25 feet from the coastal blufftop edge and the applicant agrees to remove the proposed addition or expansion, either in part or entirely, should it become threatened in the future. Any new construction shall be specifically designed and constructed such that it could be removed in the event of endangerment and the property owner shall agree to participate in any comprehensive plan adopted by the City to address coastal bluff recession and shoreline erosion problems in the City.
b. Minor accessory structures and improvements located at grade, including
landscaping, shall be allowed to within five feet of the top edge
of the coastal bluff. Precautions must be taken when placing structures
close to the bluff edge to ensure that the integrity of the bluff
is not threatened. For the purposes of the Coastal Bluff Overlay Zone,
"minor accessory structures and improvements" are defined as those
requiring no City approval or permit including a building or grading
permit, and not attached to any principal or accessory structure which
would require a permit. Grading for reasonable pedestrian access in
and around a principal or accessory structure may be permitted by
the City Engineer following review of a site specific soils report.
c. Essential public improvements providing coastal access, protecting natural resources, or providing for public safety, as reviewed and approved pursuant to subsection
C, Development Processing and Approval, of this section, including but not limited to, walkways leading to approved public beach access facilities, open fences for safety or resource protection, public seating benches, lighting standards, and signs.
d. Drainage improvements within five feet of the top edge of coastal bluff as required to satisfy paragraph 5 of this subsection
B.
2. With
the following exceptions, no structure, facility, improvement or activity
shall be allowed on the face or at the base of a coastal bluff. Exceptions
are:
a. Public beach access facilities, as reviewed and approved pursuant to subsection
C, Development Processing and Approval, of this section.
b. Preemptive measures, as defined, justified and approved pursuant to subsection
C, Development Processing and Approval, of this section.
c. Landscape maintenance, as provided by paragraph 3 of this subsection
B.
3. Except as a part of approved preemptive measures pursuant to subsection
C of this section, no grading or scraping shall be allowed on a bluff face, nor shall naturally occurring drought tolerant vegetation be voluntarily removed from the bluff face. Removal of nonnative vegetation in order to enhance the stability of the bluff face shall be allowed provided that the vegetation removal does not result in a bluff devoid of erosion protective vegetation. In order to preserve the bluff face in its then existing condition as much as reasonably necessary to prevent erosion, planting, trimming, removal of vegetation and other landscape related maintenance is allowed when accomplished by hand methods (i.e., no mechanical devices, other than customary hand tools).
All proposed grading and fill shall comply with the City's Grading, Erosion and Sediment Control Ordinance, Chapter
23.24 of the Municipal Code.
4. Existing legal structures and facilities within 40 feet of a bluff edge or on the face of a bluff may remain unchanged. Interior remodeling of existing buildings that does not involve changes to the existing foundation is allowed, but no expansion of building square footage or addition of stories within the 40-foot area shall be allowed except as permitted pursuant to paragraph 1a of this subsection
B. Routine maintenance of existing facilities is allowed.
5. With
development of any new building or expansion of the floor area of
an existing building, all drainage and runoff on the property shall
be collected and delivered to approved drainage facilities. Unless
otherwise approved by the Planning Commission following recommendations
from the City Engineer, all drainage shall be diverted away from within
five feet of the edge and face of the bluff. Drainage improvements
provided shall include roof drains. Any existing drainage systems
which deliver runoff to or over the edge of the bluff shall be removed.
6. Landscaping
on beach bluff properties shall avoid the use of ice plant, and emphasize
native and drought-tolerant plants in order to minimize irrigation
requirements and reduce potential slide hazards due to over-watering.
Landscaping materials shall be installed and maintained so as to assure
that neither during growing stages nor upon reaching maturity will
such materials obstruct views to and along the ocean and other scenic
coastal areas from public vantage points. Irrigation shall be limited
to hose bibs or water saving irrigation systems with automatic timers.
No permanent irrigation system shall be permitted within 40 feet of
the coastal bluff edge.
7. Buildings
and other structures shall be sited, designed and constructed so as
not to obstruct views to and along the ocean and other scenic coastal
areas from public vantage points.
8. The
design and exterior appearance of buildings and other structures visible
from public vantage points shall be compatible with the scale and
character of the surrounding development and protective of the natural
scenic qualities of the bluffs.
9. The
City shall develop and adopt a comprehensive plan, based on the Beach
Bluff Erosion Technical Report (prepared by Zeiser Kling Consultants
Inc., dated January 24, 1994), to address the coastal bluff recession
and shoreline erosion problems in the City. If a comprehensive plan
is not submitted to, reviewed and approved by the Coastal Commission
as an amendment to the City's Local Coastal Program by November 17,
1996, then no additions or expansions to existing structures shall
be permitted on coastal blufftop lots except for minor additions or
expansions that comprise no greater than a 10% increase above the
existing gross floor area or 250 square feet, whichever is greater,
provided such additions/expansions are located at least 40 feet or
more from the bluff edge, the addition/expansion is constructed in
a manner so that it could be removed in its entirety, and the applicants
agree to participate in any future comprehensive plan adopted by the
City to address coastal bluff recession and shoreline erosion problems
in the City. In addition, until such a comprehensive plan is approved
by the City of Encinitas and the Coastal Commission as an amendment
to the LCP, the City shall not permit the construction of seawalls,
revetments, breakwaters, cribbing, or similar structures for coastal
erosion except under circumstances where an existing principal structure
is imminently threatened and, based on a thorough alternatives analysis,
an emergency coastal development permit is issued and all emergency
measures authorized by the emergency coastal permit are designed to
eliminate or mitigate adverse impacts on local shoreline sand supply.
C. Development
Processing and Approval. In addition to findings and processing requirements
otherwise applicable, the following establishes specific processing
and finding requirements for proposed development within the Coastal
Bluff Overlay Zone. The Planning Commission shall be the authorized
agency for reviewing and granting discretionary approvals for proposed
development within the Coastal Bluff Overlay Zone. Recommendations
to the Planning Commission shall come from staff and qualified City
consultants.
1. Development and improvement in compliance with the development standards in subsection
B, Development Standards, proposing no structure or facility on or within 40 feet of the top edge of the coastal bluff (except for minor accessory structures and improvements allowed pursuant to paragraph B1b of this section), and proposing no preemptive measure as defined below, shall be subject to the following: submittal and acceptance of a site-specific soils report and geotechnical review described by subsection
D, Application Submittal Requirements, of this section. The authorized decision-making authority for the proposal shall make the findings required based on the soils report and geotechnical review for any project approval. A second story cantilevered portion of a structure which is demonstrated through standard engineering practices not to create an unnecessary surcharge load upon the bluff area may be permitted 20% beyond the top edge of bluff setback if a finding can be made by the authorized agency that no private or public views would be significantly impacted by the construction of the cantilevered portion of the structure.
2. Development
proposing principal or accessory structures (other than minor accessory
structures and improvements) closer than 40 feet but not closer than
25 feet from the top edge of the bluff, proposing any essential public
improvement on or within 40 feet of the top edge of the bluff, and/or
proposing any preemptive measure shall be subject to the following
requirements. For purposes of the Coastal Bluff Overlay Zone, a "preemptive
measure" is defined as any structure, device or facility necessary
to strengthen a portion of the bluff and/or retard erosion when there
is a demonstrated threat to a principal structure at the top of the
bluff, as demonstrated in the required geotechnical report. A second
story cantilevered portion of a structure which is demonstrated through
standard engineering practices not to create an unnecessary surcharge
load upon the bluff area may be permitted 20% beyond the top edge
of bluff setback if a finding can be made by the authorized agency
that no private or public views would be significantly impacted by
the construction of the cantilevered portion of the structure.
a. Submittal and acceptance of a site-specific soils report and geotechnical report as required by subsection
D, Application Submittal Requirements, of this section. Any approval by the Planning Commission or, on appeal*, by the City Council must be able to make the findings below for the proposal based on the soils and geotechnical report. (*See Chapter
1.12.)
b. When a preemptive measure is proposed, the following findings shall
be made if the authorized agency determines to grant approval:
i. The proposed measure must be demonstrated in the soils and geotechnical
report to be substantially effective for the intended purpose of bluff
erosion/failure protection, within the specific setting of the development
site's coastal bluffs. The report must analyze specific site proposed
for development.
ii. The proposed measure must be necessary for the protection of a principal
structure on the blufftop to which there is a demonstrated threat
as substantiated by the site specific geotechnical report.
iii.
The proposed measure will not directly or indirectly cause,
promote or encourage bluff erosion or failure, either on site or for
an adjacent property, within the site-specific setting as demonstrated
in the soils and geotechnical report. Protection devices at the bluff
base shall be designed so that additional erosion will not occur at
the ends because of the device.
iv. The proposed measure in design and appearance must be found to be
visually compatible with the character of the surrounding area; where
feasible, to restore and enhance visual quality in visually degraded
areas; and not cause a significant alteration of the natural character
of the bluff face.
v. The proposed device/activity will not serve to unnecessarily restrict
or reduce the existing beach width for use or access.
c. No preemptive measure at the base of the bluff or along the beach
shall be approved until a comprehensive plan is adopted as Council
policy for such preemptive treatment, for at least the corresponding
contiguous portion of the coastal bluff. Preemptive measures approved
thereafter shall be consistent with the adopted plan.
D. Application Submittal Requirements. Each application to the City for a permit or development approval for property under the Coastal Bluff Overlay Zone shall be accompanied by a soils report, and either a geotechnical review or geotechnical report as specified in subsection
C, "Development Processing and Approval," of this section. Each review/report shall be prepared by a certified engineering geologist who has been prequalified as knowledgeable in City standards, coastal engineering and engineering geology. The review/report shall certify that the development proposed will have no adverse affect on the stability of the bluff, will not endanger life or property, and that any proposed structure or facility is expected to be reasonably safe from failure and erosion over its lifetime without having to propose any shore or bluff stabilization to protect the structure in the future. Each review/report shall consider, describe and analyze the following:
1. Cliff
geometry and site topography, extending the surveying work beyond
the site as needed to depict unusual geomorphic conditions that might
affect the site.
2. Historic,
current and foreseeable cliffs erosion, including investigation or
recorded land surveys and tax assessment records in addition to land
use of historic maps and photographs where available and possible
changes in shore configuration and sand transport.
3. Geologic
conditions, including soil, sediment and rock types and characteristics
in addition to structural features, such as bedding, joints and faults.
4. Evidence
of past or potential landslide conditions, the implications of such
conditions for the proposed development, and the potential effects
of the development on landslide activity.
5. Impact
of construction activity on the stability of the site and adjacent
area.
6. Ground
and surface water conditions and variations, including hydrologic
changes caused by the development (e.g., introduction of irrigation
water to the groundwater system; alterations in surface drainage).
7. Potential
erodibility of site and mitigating measures to be used to ensure minimized
erosion problems during and after construction (i.e., landscaping
and drainage design).
8. Effects
of marine erosion on seacliffs and estimated rate of erosion at the
base of the bluff fronting the subject site based on current and historical
data.
9. Potential
effects of seismic forces resulting from a maximum credible earthquake.
10. Any other factors that might affect slope stability.
11. Mitigation measures and alternative solutions for any potential impacts.
The report shall also express a professional opinion as to whether
the project can be designed or located so that it will neither be
subject to nor contribute to significant geologic instability throughout
the life span of the project. The report shall use a current acceptable
engineering stability analysis method and shall also describe the
degree of uncertainty of analytical results due to assumptions and
unknowns. The degree of analysis required shall be appropriate to
the degree of potential risk presented by the site and the proposed
project.
In addition to the above, each geotechnical report shall include
identification of the daylight line behind the top of the bluff established
by a bluff slope failure plane analysis. This slope failure analysis
shall be performed according to geotechnical engineering standards,
and shall:
a. Cover all types of slope failure.
b. Demonstrate a safety factor against slope failure of 1.5.
c. Address a time period of analysis of 75 years.
Any newly proposed structure, other than a minor accessory structure
or improvement, or a preemptive measure, which is proposed closer
than 40 feet to the edge of the bluff shall be demonstrated to be
behind the identified daylight line. Analysis methods alternate to
a slope failure plane analysis which predict an equivalent level of
safety may be proposed, and must be accepted in the City's review
of the geotechnical report.
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Finally, each geotechnical report for a project including a proposed preemptive measure shall address those points specified in subsection C of this section as well as the following:
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a.
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Maximum expected wave height, design wave height, design constraints
and frequency of overtopping;
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b.
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Normal and maximum tidal ranges;
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c.
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Estimated erosion rate with and without the proposed preemptive
measure;
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d.
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Percent of beach quality sand within the bluff;
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e.
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Effect of the proposed structure on adjoining properties;
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f.
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Potential/effect of scouring at base of proposed structure;
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g.
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Design life of structure/maintenance provisions;
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h.
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Alternatives to the project design. Project alternatives shall
include, but not be limited to, no project, relocation/removal of
threatened portions of or the entire home and beach nourishment;
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i.
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Construction area and technique of construction;
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j.
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Certification that the structure is designed to withstand storms
comparable to the winter storms of 1982-83.
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E. Temporary
Emergency Protection Devices. Notwithstanding other regulations of
the City, the City Manager or designee may permit the installation
of temporary emergency protection/retention facilities (such as riprap,
walls, erosion control devices, etc.) on or at the base of a coastal
bluff if:
1. Enclosed
or principal buildings at the top of an ocean bluff are threatened
by a potential bluff failure/collapse.
2. The
threat is imminent. A statement of a state-licensed engineer or engineering
geologist establishing an imminent threat may be required if the City
Engineer is not able to determine the imminent threat.
3. The
minimum size of rock rip-rap when placed as a temporary protective
barrier, shall be three tons. If recommended in writing by a certified
engineering geologist, smaller filter rock may be permitted behind
and beneath the armor rock rip-rap in order to further cushion the
bluff against wave action and to assist in maintaining sand behind
the barrier. For placement of rip-rap, a site plan showing the limits
of rip-rap to the satisfaction of the City Engineer shall constitute
a construction plan. Documentation shall be provided that the proposed
temporary protection is the minimum necessary to address the emergency
and to assure minimal encroachment onto the sandy beach area. In addition,
construction access and staging plans shall be submitted which document
that no public beach parking areas will be utilized for the interim
storage of materials or equipment and that overnight storage of equipment
of materials will not be permitted on the sandy beach.
4. Construction
plans, prepared by a state-licensed civil engineer, are submitted
to the City Engineer for review and approval, along with any supporting
reports and design calculations as required by the City Engineer to
verify the adequacy of the design.
5. A
covenant is provided which includes an obligation by the property
owner to the City that the property owner will comply with all coastal
regulations and conditions imposed by the California Coastal Commission
including submitting and processing an application in order to receive
a grant of approval for a permanent protection facility as applicable
under the Municipal Code and the California Coastal Act. The property
owner shall execute the City's covenant prior to the installation
of the protective facility, and submit it to the City Manager or designee
together with the following:
a. The covenant must have attached as Attachment "A" a legal description
of the ocean bluff property owned by the property owner.
b. The covenant must have attached as Attachment "B" a description of
the proposed, protective retention barrier; the description must be
to the reasonable satisfaction of the City Engineer.
c. When the property owner executes the covenant, the property owner's
signature must be notarized.
d. Security shall be provided by the owner in the form of a cash deposit,
letter of credit or other deposit reasonably acceptable to the City
Engineer, in order to guarantee the removal of any debris on the public
beach when the debris is reasonably related to coastal bluff failure
or construction to repair a bluff failure. The amount of security
shall be fixed by the City in order to provide funding for removal
of the debris if the applicant or applicant's agents do not remove
the debris from the public beach within a reasonable time.
e. Following the property owner's compliance with the above requirements,
the City Manager or designee shall, in accordance with the authority
granted to the City Manager by this chapter, authorize the property
owner access rights across public property under the control of the
City of Encinitas in order to construct the protective facility. When
requesting access, the property owner shall submit an access plan
showing approximate times of access, frequency of access and type
of equipment which will need to access the site. The access plan shall
be reviewed and approved by the designated official authorizing the
access over public property.
f. The amount of the deposit required in paragraph 5d of this subsection
E shall be equal to 25% of the estimated construction cost of the temporary facility. This amount can be reduced by the City Engineer based upon an estimate of the costs to remove the debris furnished to the City Engineer by the property owner's engineer or contractor. If the engineer's estimate is not readily available, the City Engineer may estimate the cost of improvements and debris removal based upon regional construction costs or other data.
g. The City Engineer may release a portion of the security in conjunction
with the acceptance of the performance of the act or work as it progresses
upon application therefor by the property owner; provided, however,
that no such release shall be for an amount more than 25% of the total
security given for faithful performance of the act or work and that
the security shall not be reduced to an amount less than 50% of the
total security given for faithful performance until final completion
and acceptance of the act or work. In no event shall the City Engineer
authorize a release of the improvement security which would reduce
such security to an amount less than that required to guarantee the
completion of the act or work and any other obligation imposed by
this chapter or the agreement to remove the debris; nor shall the
City Engineer be obligated to make a partial release of security.
h. Upon the failure of the property owner to complete the removal of
the debris on the public beaches within the time specified, the City
Council may, upon notice in writing of not less than 10 days served
upon the person responsible for the performance thereof, or upon notice
in writing of not less than 20 days served by registered mail addressed
to the last known address of such person, determine that the property
owner is in default and may cause the improvement security, or such
portion thereof as is necessary to complete the work or act and any
other obligations of the property owner secured thereby, to be forfeited
to the City.
i. Upon completion of all obligations of the property owner under the provisions of this subsection
E, the City shall, upon request of property owner, cause to be recorded in the Office of the County Recorder the release of any covenants recorded against such property required by this section.
(Ord. 91-19; Ord. 92-31; Ord. 95-04; Ord. 95-21; Ord. 96-07; Ord. 2017-03)
A. Applicability.
The Hillside/Inland Bluff Overlay Zone regulations shall apply to
all areas within the Special Study Overlay Zone where site-specific
analysis indicates that 10% or more of the area of a parcel of land
exceeds 25% slope. The Planning Commission shall be the authorized
agency for reviewing and granting discretionary approvals for proposed
development within the Hillside/Inland Bluff Overlay Zone.
B. Development
Standards.
1. For
proposed projects within the Hillside/Inland Bluff Overlay Zone, a
slope analysis shall be submitted by the applicant based upon a topographic
map with contour intervals not exceeding two feet. This analysis will
describe the following slope categories in acres and will also graphically
depict the location of each category on the topographic map:
2. Where
development is proposed on slopes of greater than 25% grade, the following
standards shall apply:
a. Slopes of greater than 25% grade shall be preserved in their natural
state. Encroachment into slope areas, as specified below, shall be
allowed when it is found that there is no feasible alternative siting
or design which eliminates or substantially reduces the need for such
construction or grading, and it has been found that the bulk and scale
of the proposed structure has been minimized to the greatest extent
feasible commensurate with preserving the physical slope characteristics
of the site. An application proposing encroachment into slopes greater
than 25% shall include, at a minimum, details as to the location of
existing and future improvements, as well as the proposed building
envelope for any future improvements, in order to enable the Planning
Commission to assess bulk and scale. Complete architectural drawings
are preferred. (Within the Coastal Zone and for purposes of this section,
encroachment shall be defined as any area of greater than 25% slope
in which the natural landform is altered by grading, construction,
placement of structures or materials, removal of native vegetation,
including clear-cutting for brush management purposes, or other operations
which would render the area incapable of supporting native vegetation
or being used as wildlife habitat due to the displacement required
for the proposed building, accessory structures, paving or native
vegetation clearance. Any encroachment shall be approved by the authorized
agency and shall be a discretionary action based on the application.)
Percentage of Parcel in Slopes of Greater or Equal to 25% Grade
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Maximum Encroachment in Areas of Slope Greater or Equal to 25%
Grade
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75% or less
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10%
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76 - 80%
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12%
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81 - 85%
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14%
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86 - 90%
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16%
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91 - 95%
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18%
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96 - 100%
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20%
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b. The following uses and/or development features shall be exempt from
the encroachment limitations described above:
i. Public roadways identified in the Circulation Element of the City's
General Plan.
ii. Public utility systems and system components.
iii.
Where it is determined during the design review process that
no less environmentally damaging alternative exists, local public
or private streets and driveways which are necessary for access to
the more developable portions of a site on slopes of less than 25%
grade.
c. Where necessary to maintain a minimum development right (total disturbed
area) on existing legal parcels, a deviation in the encroachment allowance
of up to 20% of the entire parcel may be granted through the design
review process.
3. Where
structures and improvements are proposed within any areas of greater
than 25% slope, a geological reconnaissance report shall also be submitted.
4. Where
unstable conditions are indicated, but in the opinion of the City
Engineer are not sufficiently defined in the geological reconnaissance
report, a preliminary engineering geology report shall also be required.
The preliminary engineering geology report shall include the results
of subsurface investigations sufficient to identify the nature and
magnitude of such unstable conditions; and shall identify alternative
mitigation measures that may be needed.
5. No
principal structure or improvement or portion thereof shall be placed
or erected, and no grading shall be undertaken, within 25 feet of
any point along an inland bluff edge. Minor accessory structures and
improvements located at grade, including landscaping, shall be allowed
to within five feet of the top edge of any hillside/inland bluff subject
to these regulations. For purposes of these regulations, "minor accessory
structures and improvements" are defined as those requiring no City
approval or permit including a building or grading permit, and not
attached to any principal or accessory structure which would require
a permit. Precautions must be taken when placing structures close
to the bluff edge to ensure that the integrity of the bluff is not
threatened. Grading for reasonable access in and around a principal
or accessory structure may be permitted by the City Engineer following
review of a site specific soils report.
6. All
slopes over 25% grade which remain undisturbed or which are restored
or enhanced as a result of a development approval, shall be conserved
as a condition of that approval through a deed restriction, open space
easement, or other suitable device that will preclude any future development
or grading of such slopes.
7. A
second story cantilevered portion of a structure which is demonstrated
through standard engineering practices not to create an unnecessary
surcharge load upon the bluff area may be permitted 20% beyond the
top edge of bluff setback if a finding can be made by the authorized
agency that no private or public views would be significantly impacted
by the construction of the cantilevered portion of the structure.
(Ord. 91-19; Ord. 92-31; Ord. 96-07; Ord. 2003-10; Ord. 2017-03)