For the purposes of this chapter, certain terms and words used herein shall be interpreted as follows:
A. 
Words used in the present tense include the future tense; the singular number includes the plural, and the plural number includes the singular; words of masculine gender include feminine gender; and words of feminine gender include masculine gender.
B. 
The word "includes" or "including" shall not limit the term to the specific example, but is intended to extend its meaning to all other instances of like kind and character.
C. 
The word "person" includes an individual, firm, association, organization, partnership, trust, company, corporation, unit of government, or any other similar entity.
D. 
The words "shall" and "must" are mandatory; the words "may" and "should" are permissive.
E. 
The words "used" or "occupied" include the words "intended, designed, maintained, or arranged to be used, occupied, or maintained."
As used in this chapter, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
ACCELERATED EROSION
The removal of the surface of the land through the combined action of man's activity and the natural processes of a rate greater than would occur because of the natural process alone.
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
The work of producing crops and raising livestock, including tillage, plowing, disking, harrowing, pasturing, mushroom growing, nursery, and sod operations and installation of conservation measures. Construction of new buildings or impervious area is not considered an agricultural activity.
ALTERATION
As applied to land, a change in topography as a result of the moving of soil and rock from one location or position to another; also the changing of surface conditions by causing the surface to be more or less impervious; land disturbance.
APPLICANT
A person who has filed an application for approval to engage in any regulated activity defined in § 134-105 of this chapter.
AS-BUILT DRAWINGS
Engineering or site drawings maintained by the contractor as he constructs the project and upon which he documents the actual locations of the building components and changes to the original contract documents. These documents, or a copy of same, are turned over to the Township Engineer at the completion of the project.
BANKFULL
The channel at the top-of-bank or point from where water begins to overflow onto a floodplain.
BASEFLOW
Portion of stream discharge derived from groundwater; the sustained discharge that does not result from direct runoff or from water diversions, reservoir releases, piped discharges, or other human activities.
BIORETENTION
A stormwater retention area that utilizes woody and herbaceous plants and soils to remove pollutants before infiltration occurs.
BMP (BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE)
Methods, measures, or practices used to prevent or reduce surface runoff and/or water pollution, including, but not limited to, structural and nonstructural stormwater management practices and operation and maintenance procedures. See also "nonstructural Best Management Practice (BMP)."
BUFFER
The area of land immediately adjacent to any stream, measured perpendicular to and horizontally from the top-of-bank on both sides of a stream (see "top-of-bank").
CHANNEL
An open drainage feature through which stormwater flows. Channels include, but shall not be limited to, natural and man-made drainageways, swales, streams, ditches, canals, and pipes flowing partly full.
CHANNEL EROSION
The widening, deepening, or headward cutting of channels and waterways caused by stormwater runoff or bankfull flows.
CISTERN
An underground reservoir or tank for storing rainwater.
CONSERVATION DISTRICT
The Montgomery County Conservation District.
CONVEYANCE
A facility or structure used for the transportation or transmission of something from one place to another.
CULVERT
A structure with its appurtenant works that carries water under or through an embankment or fill.
DAM
A man-made barrier, together with its appurtenant works, constructed for the purpose of impounding or storing water or another fluid or semifluid. A dam may include a refuse bank, fill, or structure for highway, railroad, or other purposes which impounds or may impound water or another fluid or semifluid.
DEPARTMENT
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.
DESIGN PROFESSIONAL (QUALIFIED)
A Pennsylvania registered professional engineer, registered landscape architect, or registered professional land surveyor trained to develop stormwater management plans.
DESIGN STORM
The magnitude and temporal distribution of precipitation from a storm event measured in probability of occurrence (e.g., a five-year storm) and duration (e.g., 24 hours), used in the design and evaluation of stormwater management systems.
DESIGNEE
The agent of the Montgomery County Planning Commission, Montgomery County Conservation District, and/or agent of the Township involved with the administration, review, or enforcement of any provisions of this chapter by contract or memorandum of understanding.
DETENTION BASIN
An impoundment designed to collect and retard stormwater runoff by temporarily storing the runoff and releasing it at a predetermined rate. Detention basins are designed to drain completely soon after a rainfall event and become dry until the next rainfall event.
DEVELOPER
A person who seeks to undertake any regulated earth disturbance activities at a project site in the Township.
DEVELOPMENT
Any human-induced change to improved or unimproved real estate, whether public or private, including, but not limited to, land development, construction, installation, or expansion of a building or other structure, land division, street construction, drilling, and site alteration such as embankments, dredging, grubbing, grading, paving, parking or storage facilities, excavation, filling, stockpiling, or clearing. As used in this chapter, development encompasses both new development and redevelopment.
DEVELOPMENT SITE
The specific tract or parcel of land where any regulated activity set forth in § 134-105 is planned, conducted, or maintained.
DIAMETER AT BREAST HEIGHT (DBH)
The outside bark diameter at breast height which is defined as 4.5 feet (1.37m) above the forest floor on the uphill side of the tree.
DIFFUSED DRAINAGE DISCHARGE
Drainage discharge that is not confined to a single point location or channel, including sheet flow or shallow concentrated flow.
DISCHARGE
A. 
(verb) To release water from a project, site, aquifer, drainage basin, or other point of interest;
B. 
(noun) The rate and volume of flow of water such as in a stream, generally expressed in cubic feet per second (see "peak discharge").
DISCHARGE POINT
The point of discharge for a stormwater facility.
DISTURBED AREAS
Unstabilized land area where an earth disturbance activity is occurring or has occurred.
DITCH
A man-made waterway constructed for irrigation or stormwater conveyance purposes.
DOWNSLOPE PROPERTY LINE
That portion of the property line of the lot, tract, or parcels of land being developed, located such that overland or pipe flow from the project site would be directed towards it by gravity.
DRAINAGE CONVEYANCE FACILITY
A stormwater management facility designed to transport stormwater runoff that includes channels, swales, pipes, conduits, culverts, and storm sewers.
DRAINAGE EASEMENT
A right granted by a landowner to a grantee allowing the use of private land for stormwater management purposes.
DRAINAGE PERMIT
A permit issued by the Township after the drainage plan has been approved.
DRAINAGE PLAN
The documentation of the stormwater management system, if any, to be used for a given development site, the contents of which are established in § 134-302.
EARTH DISTURBANCE
A man-made change in the natural cover or topography of land.
EARTH DISTURBANCE ACTIVITY
A construction or other human activity which disturbs the surface of land, including, but not limited to, clearing and grubbing, grading, excavations, embankments, land development, agricultural plowing or tilling, timber harvesting activities, road maintenance activities, mineral extraction, and the moving, depositing, stockpiling, or storing of soil, rock, or earth materials.
EMERGENCY SPILLWAY
A conveyance area that is used to pass peak discharge greater than the maximum design storm controlled by the stormwater facility.
ENCROACHMENT
A structure or activity that changes, expands, or diminishes the course, current, or cross-section of a watercourse, floodway, or body of water.
EROSION
The process by which the surface of the land, including water/stream channels, is worn away by water, wind, or chemical action.
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL PLAN
A plan that is designed to minimize accelerated erosion and sedimentation. When earth disturbance exceeds one acre, said plan must be submitted to and approved by the appropriate Conservation District before construction can begin.
EXCEPTIONAL VALUE WATERS
Surface waters of high quality that satisfy Pennsylvania Code Title 25 Environmental Protection, Chapter 93, Water Quality Standards, § 93.4b(b) (relating to anti-degradation).
EXISTING CONDITIONS
The initial condition of a project site prior to the proposed alteration. If the initial condition of the site is undeveloped land, the land use shall be considered as "meadow" unless the natural land cover is proven to generate a lower curve number or Rational "c" value, such as forested lands.
FLOOD
A temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of land areas from the overflow of streams, rivers, and other waters of this commonwealth.
FLOODPLAIN
Any land area susceptible to inundation by water from any natural source or as delineated by the applicable Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance Administration Flood Hazard Boundary Map as being a special flood hazard area.
FLOODWAY
The channel of a watercourse and those portions of the adjoining floodplains that are reasonably required to carry and discharge the 100-year frequency flood. Unless otherwise specified, the boundary of the floodway is as indicated on maps and flood insurance studies provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). In an area where no FEMA maps or studies have defined the boundary of the 100-year frequency floodway, it is assumed, absent evidence to the contrary, that the floodway extends from the stream to 50 feet from the top-of-bank.
FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY
The study of landforms associated with river channels and the processes that form them.
FOREST MANAGEMENT/TIMBER OPERATIONS
Planning and associated activities necessary for the management of forest lands. These include timber inventory and preparation of forest management plans, silvicultural treatment, cutting budgets, logging road design and construction, timber harvesting, and reforestation.
FREEBOARD
A vertical distance between the elevation of the design high-water and the top of a dam, levee, tank, basin, swale, or diversion berm. The space is required as a safety margin in a pond or basin.
GRADE
A. 
(noun) A slope, usually of a road, channel, or natural ground specified in percent and shown on plans as specified herein.
B. 
(verb) To finish the surface of a roadbed, the top of an embankment, or the bottom of an excavation.
GRASSED WATERWAY
A natural or man-made waterway, usually broad and shallow, covered with erosion-resistant grasses used to convey surface water.
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes to infiltrate, evapotranspire, or reuse stormwater on the site where it is generated.
GROUNDWATER
Water beneath the earth's surface that supplies wells and springs and is often between saturated soil and rock.
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE
The replenishment of existing natural underground water supplies from rain or overland flow.
HIGH-QUALITY WATERS
Surface waters having quality which exceeds levels necessary to support propagation of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and recreation in and on the water by satisfying Pennsylvania Code Title 25 Environmental Protection, Chapter 93, Water Quality Standards, § 93.4b(a).
HOTSPOTS
Areas where land use or activities generate highly contaminated runoff, with concentrations of pollutants in excess of those typically found in stormwater.
HYDROGRAPH
A graph representing the discharge of water versus time for a selected point in the drainage system.
HYDROLOGIC REGIME
The hydrologic cycle or balance that sustains quality and quantity of stormwater, baseflow, storage, and groundwater supplies under natural conditions.
HYDROLOGIC SOIL GROUP
A classification of soils by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), formerly the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), into four runoff potential groups. The groups range from A soils, which are very permeable and produce little runoff, to D soils, which are not very permeable and produce much more runoff.
IMPERVIOUS SURFACE
A surface that prevents the infiltration of water into the ground. Impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to, streets, sidewalks, pavements, driveway areas, or roofs. Any surface areas designed to be gravel or crushed stone shall be regarded as impervious surfaces.
IMPOUNDMENT
A retention or detention basin designed to retain stormwater runoff and release it at a controlled rate.
INFILL
Development that occurs on smaller parcels that remain undeveloped but are within or in very close proximity to urban or densely developed areas. Infill development usually relies on existing infrastructure and does not require an extension of water, sewer, or other public utilities.
INFILTRATION
Movement of surface water into the soil, where it is absorbed by plant roots, evaporated into the atmosphere, or percolated downward to recharge groundwater.
INFILTRATION STRUCTURES
A structure designed to direct runoff into the underground water (e.g., French drains, seepage pits, or seepage trenches).
INFLOW
The flow entering the stormwater management facility and/or BMP.
INLET
The upstream end of any structure through which water may flow.
INTERMITTENT STREAM
A stream that flows only part of the time. Flow generally occurs for several weeks or months in response to seasonal precipitation or groundwater discharge.
INVERT
The lowest surface, the floor or bottom of a culvert, drain, sewer, channel, basin, BMP, or orifice.
LAND DEVELOPMENT
Any of the following activities:
A. 
The improvement of one lot or two or more contiguous lots, tracts, or parcels of land for any purpose involving:
(1) 
A group of two or more residential or nonresidential buildings, whether proposed initially or cumulatively, or a single nonresidential building on a lot or lots regardless of the number of occupants or tenure; or
(2) 
The division or allocation of land or space, whether initially or cumulatively, between or among two or more existing or prospective occupants by means of, or for the purpose of, streets, common areas, leaseholds, condominiums, building groups, or other features;
B. 
A subdivision of land;
C. 
Development in accordance with Section 503(1.1) of the PA Municipalities Planning Code.[1]
LIMITING ZONE
A soil horizon or condition in the soil profile or underlying strata that includes one of the following:
A. 
A seasonal high water table, whether perched or regional, determined by direct observation of the water table or indicated by soil mottling.
B. 
A rock with open joints, fracture or solution channels, or masses of loose rock fragments, including gravel, with insufficient fine soil to fill the voids between the fragments.
C. 
A rock formation, other stratum, or soil condition that is so slowly permeable that it effectively limits downward passage of water.
LOT
A designated parcel, tract, or area of land established by a plat or otherwise as permitted by law and to be used, developed, or built upon as a unit.
LOW-IMPACT DEVELOPMENT (LID)
Site design approaches and small-scale stormwater management practices that promote the use of natural systems for infiltration, evapotranspiration, and reuse of rainwater. LID can be applied to new development, urban retrofits, and revitalization projects. LID utilizes design techniques that infiltrate, filter, evaporate, and store runoff close to its source. Rather than rely on costly large-scale conveyance and treatment systems, LID addresses stormwater through a variety of small, cost-effective landscape features located on-site.
MAIN STEM (MAIN CHANNEL)
Any stream segment or other runoff conveyance used as a reach in watershed-specific hydrologic models.
MANNING EQUATION (MANNING FORMULA)
A method for calculation of velocity of flow (e.g., feet per second) and flow rate (e.g., cubic feet per second) in open channels based upon channel shape, roughness, depth of flow, and slope. "Open channels" may include closed conduits so long as the flow is not under pressure.
MAXIMUM DESIGN STORM
The maximum (largest) design storm that is controlled by the stormwater facility.
MUNICIPALITY or TOWNSHIP
Lower Frederick Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
NATURAL CONDITION
Pre-development condition.
NATURAL HYDROLOGIC REGIME
See "hydrologic regime."
NATURAL RECHARGE AREA
Undisturbed surface area or depression where stormwater collects and a portion of which infiltrates and replenishes the underground and groundwater.
NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Pollution that enters a waterbody from diffuse origins in the watershed and does not result from discernible, confined, or discrete conveyances.
NONSTORMWATER DISCHARGES
Water flowing in stormwater collection facilities, such as pipes or swales, which is not the result of a rainfall event or snowmelt.
NONSTRUCTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE (BMPs)
Methods of controlling stormwater runoff quantity and quality, such as innovative site planning, impervious area and grading reduction, protection of natural depression areas, temporary ponding on-site, and other techniques.
NPDES
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, the federal government's system for issuance of permits under the Clean Water Act, which is delegated to DEP in Pennsylvania.
NRCS
Natural Resource Conservation Service (previously SCS).
OPEN CHANNEL
A conveyance channel that is not enclosed.
OUTFALL
"Point source" as described in 40 CFR 122.2 at the point where the Township's storm sewer system discharges to surface waters of the commonwealth.
OUTFLOW
The flow exiting the stormwater management facility and/or BMP.
OUTLET
Points of water disposal to a stream, river, lake, tidewater, or artificial drain.
PARENT TRACT
The parcel of land from which a land development or subdivision originates, determined from the date of adoption of this chapter.
PARKING LOT STORAGE
Involves the use of parking areas as temporary impoundments with controlled release rates during rainstorms.
PEAK DISCHARGE
The maximum rate of stormwater runoff from a specific storm event.
PENN STATE RUNOFF MODEL
The computer-based hydrologic model developed at Pennsylvania State University.
PIPE
A culvert, closed conduit, or similar structure (including appurtenances) that conveys stormwater.
PLANNING COMMISSION
The Planning Commission of Lower Frederick Township.
POINT SOURCE
Any discernible, confined, and discrete conveyance, including, but not limited to, any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, or conduit from which stormwater is or may be discharged, as defined in state regulations at 25 Pa. Code § 92.1.
POST-CONSTRUCTION
Period after construction during which disturbed areas are stabilized, stormwater controls are in place and functioning, and all proposed improvements in the approved land development plan are completed.
PRECONSTRUCTION
Prior to commencing construction activities.
PREDEVELOPMENT CONDITION
Undeveloped/natural condition.
PRETREATMENT
Techniques employed in stormwater BMPs to provide storage or filtering to trap coarse materials and other pollutants before they enter the system, but not necessarily designed to meet the water quality volume requirements of § 134-406.
PROJECT SITE
The specific area of land where any regulated activities in the Township are planned, conducted, or maintained.
RATIONAL FORMULA
A rainfall-runoff relation used to estimate peak flow.
REACH
Any stream segment or other runoff conveyance used in the watershed-specific hydrologic models.
RECHARGE
The replenishment of groundwater through the infiltration of rainfall, other surface waters, or land application of water or treated wastewater.
RECONSTRUCTION
Demolition and subsequent rebuilding of impervious surface.
RECORD DRAWINGS
Original documents revised to suit the as-built conditions and subsequently provided by the design professional to the client. The design professional reviews the contractor's as-builts against his/her own records for completeness, then either turns these over to the client or transfers the information to a set of reproducibles, in both cases for the client's permanent records.
REDEVELOPMENT
Any development that requires demolition or removal of existing structures or impervious surfaces at a site and replacement with new impervious surfaces. Maintenance activities such as top-layer grinding and re-paving are not considered to be redevelopment. Interior remodeling projects and tenant improvements are also not considered to be redevelopment.
REGULATED ACTIVITIES
Actions or proposed actions that have an impact on stormwater runoff quality or quantity and that are specified in § 134-105 of this chapter.
REGULATED EARTH DISTURBANCE ACTIVITY
Defined under NPDES Phase II regulations as earth disturbance activity of one acre or more with a point-source discharge to surface waters or the Township's storm sewer system or five acres or more regardless of the planned runoff. This includes earth disturbance on any portion of, part, or during any stage of a larger common plan of development.
RELEASE RATE
The percentage of existing conditions peak rate of runoff from a site or subarea to which the proposed conditions peak rate of runoff must be reduced to protect downstream areas.
REPAVING
Replacement of the impervious surface that does not involve reconstruction of an existing paved (impervious) surface.
REPLACEMENT PAVING
Reconstruction of and full replacement of an existing paved (impervious) surface.
RETENTION BASIN
A structure in which stormwater is stored and not released during the storm event. Retention basins are designed for infiltration purposes and do not have an outlet. The retention basin must infiltrate stored water in four days or less.
RETURN PERIOD
The average interval, in years, within which a storm event of a given magnitude can be expected to recur. For example, the twenty-five-year return period rainfall would be expected to recur on the average of once every twenty-five years.
RIPARIAN BUFFER
An area of permanent vegetation along waterbodies that is left undisturbed to allow for natural succession of native vegetation. A riparian buffer may consist of grasses and forbs, or a combination of vegetation types to include grasses, forbs, shrubs and trees.
RISER
A vertical pipe extending from the bottom of a pond that is used to control the discharge rate from the pond for a specified design storm.
ROAD MAINTENANCE
Earth disturbance activities within the existing road cross-section, such as grading and repairing existing unpaved road surfaces, cutting road banks, cleaning or clearing drainage ditches, and other similar activities.
ROOF DRAINS
A drainage conduit or pipe that collects water runoff from a roof and leads it away from the structure.
ROOFTOP DETENTION
The temporary ponding and gradual release of stormwater falling directly onto flat roof surfaces using controlled-flow roof drains in building designs.
RUNOFF
Any part of precipitation that flows over the land surface.
SALDO
Chapter 145, Subdivision and Land Development, of the Lower Frederick Township Code.
SEDIMENT BASIN
A barrier, dam, or retention or detention basin located and designed in such a way as to retain rock, sand, gravel, silt, or other material transported by water during construction.
SEDIMENT POLLUTION
The placement, discharge, or any other introduction of sediment into the waters of the commonwealth.
SEDIMENTATION
The process by which mineral or organic matter is accumulated or deposited by the movement of water or air.
SEEPAGE PIT/SEEPAGE TRENCH
An area of excavated earth filled with loose stone or similar coarse material into which surface water is directed for infiltration into the underground water.
SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM
A conveyance or system of conveyances (including roads with drainage systems, municipal streets, catch basins, curbs, gutters, ditches, man-made channels, or storm drains) primarily used for collecting and conveying stormwater runoff.
SHALLOW CONCENTRATED FLOW
Stormwater runoff flowing in shallow, defined ruts prior to entering a defined channel or waterway.
SHEET FLOW
A flow process associated with broad, shallow water movement on sloping ground surfaces that is not channelized or concentrated.
SOIL COVER COMPLEX METHOD
A method of runoff computation developed by NRCS that is based on relating soil type and land use/cover to a runoff parameter called "curve number" (CN).
SOURCE WATER PROTECTION AREAS (SWPA)
The zone through which contaminants, if present, are likely to migrate and reach a drinking water well or surface water intake.
SPECIAL PROTECTION SUBWATERSHEDS
Watersheds that have been designated by DEP as EV or HQ waters.
SPILLWAY
A conveyance that is used to pass the peak discharge of the maximum design storm that is controlled by the stormwater facility.
STATE WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
The regulatory requirements to protect, maintain, reclaim, and restore water quality under Pennsylvania Code Title 25 and the Clean Streams law.[2]
STORAGE INDICATION METHOD
A reservoir routing procedure based on solution of the continuity equation (inflow minus outflow equals the change in storage) with outflow defined as a function of storage volume and depth.
STORM FREQUENCY
The number of times that a given storm "event" occurs or is exceeded on the average in a stated period of years (see "return period").
STORM SEWER
A system of pipes and/or open channels that conveys intercepted runoff and stormwater from other sources but excludes domestic sewage and industrial wastes.
STORMWATER
The surface runoff generated by precipitation reaching the ground surface.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
Those subareas of a watershed in which some type of detention is required to meet the plan requirements and the goals of Act 167.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT FACILITY
Any structure, natural or man-made, that, due to its condition, design, or construction, conveys, stores, or otherwise affects stormwater runoff quality, rate, or quantity. Typical stormwater management facilities include, but are not limited to, detention and retention basins, open channels, storm sewers, pipes, and infiltration structures.
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
The watershed plan, known as the "Swamp Creek Watershed Act 167 Stormwater Management Plan," for managing those land use activities that will influence stormwater runoff quality and quantity and that would impact the Swamp Creek watershed adopted by Berks County and Montgomery County as required by the Act of October 4, 1978, P.L. 864 (Act 167).
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT SITE PLAN
The plan prepared by the applicant or his/her/their representative indicating how stormwater runoff will be managed at the particular site of interest according to this chapter.
STREAM
A natural watercourse.
STREAM BUFFER
The land area adjacent to each side of a stream essential to maintaining water quality (see "buffer").
STREAM ENCLOSURE
A bridge, culvert, or other structure in excess of 100 feet in length upstream to downstream which encloses a regulated water of the commonwealth.
SUBAREA (SUBWATERSHED)
The smallest drainage unit of a watershed for which stormwater management criteria have been established in the stormwater management plan.
SUBDIVISION
The division or redivision of a lot, tract, or parcel of land by any means into two or more lots, tracts, parcels, or other divisions of land including changes in existing lot lines for the purpose, whether immediate or future, of lease, partition by the court for distribution to heirs or devisees, transfer of ownership, or building or lot development; provided, however, that the subdivision by lease of land for agricultural purposes into parcels of more than 10 acres not involving any new street or easement of access or any residential dwelling shall be exempted.
SUMP PUMP
A sump pump is a pump used to remove water that has accumulated in a water-collecting sump basin, commonly found in the basements of homes.
SURFACE WATERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH
Any and all rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets, ditches, watercourses, storm sewers, lakes, dammed water, wetlands, ponds, springs, and all other bodies or channels of conveyance of surface waters, or parts thereof, whether natural or artificial, within or on the boundaries of the commonwealth.
SWALE
A low-lying stretch of land that gathers or carries surface water runoff.
TIMBER OPERATIONS
See "forest management."
TIME-OF-CONCENTRATION (Tc)
The time required for surface runoff to travel from the hydraulically most distant point of the watershed to a point of interest within the watershed. This time is the combined total of overland flow time and flow time in pipes or channels, if any.
TOP-OF-BANK
Highest point of elevation in a stream channel cross-section at which a rising water level just begins to flow out of the channel and over the floodplain.
TOWNSHIP ENGINEER
A professional engineer licensed as such in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, duly appointed as the Engineer for the Township.
UNDEVELOPED CONDITION
Natural condition (see also "pre-development condition").
VERNAL POND
Seasonal depressional wetlands that are covered by shallow water for variable periods from winter to spring but may be completely dry for most of the summer and fall.
WATERCOURSE
Any natural or artificial river, stream, creek, brook, canal, channel, ditch, swale, or similar place intended or used for the directed surface flow of water, in which water flows in a definite direction or course, either perennially, intermittently, or ephemerally, and has a definite channel, bed, and banks and includes any area adjacent thereto subject to inundation by reason of overflow or floodwater.
A. 
EPHEMERAL WATERCOURSEA watercourse which has flowing water only during, and for a short duration after, precipitation events in a typical year. The beds of ephemeral watercourses are located above the water table year-round, and groundwater is not a source of water for the watercourse. Runoff from rainfall is the primary source of water for this type of watercourse.
B. 
INTERMITTENT WATERCOURSEA watercourse which has flowing water during certain times of the year, when groundwater provides water for flow. During dry periods, intermittent watercourses may not have flowing water. Runoff from rainfall is a supplemental source of water for this type of watercourse.
C. 
PERENNIAL WATERCOURSEA watercourse which has flowing water year-round during a typical year. The water table is located above the bed of the watercourse for most of the year. Groundwater is the primary source of water for flow. Runoff from rainfall is a supplemental source of water for this type of watercourse.
WATERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH
Any and all rivers, streams, creeks, rivulets, ditches, watercourses, storm sewers, lakes, dammed water, wetlands, ponds, springs, and all other bodies or channels of conveyance of surface and underground water, or parts thereof, whether natural or artificial, within or on the boundaries of the commonwealth.
WATERSHED
Region or area drained by a river, watercourse, or other body of water, whether natural or artificial.
WELLHEAD
A. 
A structure built over a well.
B. 
The source of water for a well.
WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREA
The surface and subsurface area surrounding a water supply well, well field, or spring supplying a public water system through which contaminants are reasonably likely to move toward and reach the water source.
WET BASIN
Pond for urban runoff management that is designed to detain urban runoff and always contains water.
WETLAND
Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, fens, and similar areas.
WOODS
A natural groundcover with more than one viable tree of a DBH of six inches or greater per 1,500 square feet which existed within three years of application; a cover condition for which SCS curve numbers have been assigned or to which equivalent Rational Method runoff coefficients have been assigned.
[1]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10503.
[2]
Editor's Note: See 35 P.S. § 691.1 et seq.