Additional terms that apply to this title are:
"Addition"means an alteration to an existing structure that increases the floor area, either affixed to the structure's side or an upper story addition.
"Agricultural activities"means the production of crops or raising or keeping livestock, including operation and maintenance of farm and stock ponds, drainage ditches, irrigation systems, and normal operation, maintenance, and repair of existing serviceable agricultural structures, facilities, or improved areas, and the practice of aquaculture. Activities which bring an area into agricultural use are not part of an ongoing activity. An operation ceases to be ongoing when the area in which it was conducted is proposed for conversion to a nonagricultural use or has lain idle for a period of longer than five years, unless the idle land is registered in a federal or state soils conservation program. Forest practices regulated under Chapter
76.09 RCW or WAC Title
222 are not included in this definition.
means land primarily devoted to the commercial production of horticultural, viticultural, floricultural, dairy, apiary, vegetable, or animal products or of berries, grain, hay, straw, turf, seed, Christmas trees not subject to the excise tax imposed by RCW
84.33.100 through
84.33.140, finfish in upland hatcheries, or livestock, and that has long-term commercial significance for agricultural production.
means fish species that spend most of their lifecycle in salt water but return to freshwater to reproduce.
"Animal containment area"means a site keeping at least 2,000 pounds of large animals per acre or 750 pounds of small animals per acre, or where a high volume of waste material is deposited in quantities capable of impacting groundwater resources. For the purposes of this definition, large animals are those weighing 100 pounds or more, and small animals are those weighing less than 100 pounds.
"Aquifer"means a saturated geologic formation which will yield a sufficient quantity of water to serve as a private or public water supply pursuant to WAC
173-150-030.
means the flood having a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year, also referred to as the "100-year flood."
"Best available science"means information from research, inventory, monitoring, surveys, modeling and assessments that is used to designate, protect, or restore critical areas. As described in WAC
365-195-900 through
365-195-925, best available science is derived from a process that includes peer-reviewed literature, standard methods, quantitative analysis and documented references to produce reliable information.
means conservation practices or systems of practices and management measures that:
1. Control soil loss and reduce water quality degradation caused by high concentrations of nutrients, animal waste, toxics and sediment;
Minimize adverse impacts to surface water and groundwater flow and circulation patterns and to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of wetlands;
Protect trees and vegetation designated to be retained during and following site construction and use native plant species appropriate to the site for revegetation of disturbed areas; and
Provide standards for proper use of chemical herbicides within critical areas.
"Buffer"means areas contiguous with critical areas that are required for the integrity, maintenance, function, and structural stability of said critical areas.
"Building footprint"means the horizontal area measured within the outside of the exterior walls of the ground floor of all principal and accessory buildings on a lot.
"City"means the city of Edgewood municipal corporation.
"Conservation easement"means a recorded deed restriction or covenant that runs in perpetuity on a parcel of land restricting the use of the property by preventing future real estate development such as residential, industrial, or commercial use that may allow for continued current uses, e.g., residential, recreational, agriculture, forestry, or ranching.
"Contaminant"means any chemical, physical, biological, or radiological substance that does not occur naturally or occurs at concentrations and durations as to be injurious to human health or welfare or shown to be ecologically damaging.
"Crawl space"means the shallow space beneath the bottom floor of a house with no basement; used for access and inspection of framing, electrical, plumbing, insulation, vapor barriers, or duct work. For purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program Elevation Certificate, this definition does not include spaces that have subgrade around all sides, which shall be considered a basement.
"Critical aquifer recharge areas"means areas with a critical recharging effect on aquifers used for potable water, including areas where an aquifer that is a source of drinking water is vulnerable to contamination that would affect the potability of the water, or is susceptible to reduced recharge.
"Critical area"means land that contains any of the following area, areas, or ecosystems: aquifer recharge areas, fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas, frequently flooded areas, geologically hazardous areas, or wetlands as defined in Chapter
36.70A RCW.
means those facilities occupied by populations or which handle dangerous substances including but not limited to hospitals, medical facilities, nursing homes; structures housing, supporting, or containing toxic or explosive substances; covered public assembly structures; school buildings through secondary, including daycare centers; buildings for colleges or adult education; police, fire, and emergency response installations; jails and detention facilities; and all structures with occupancy of greater than 5,000 people. These facilities are such that even a slight chance of flooding might be too great.
"Cumulative impacts"are the combined, incremental effects of human activity on critical area functions and values. Cumulative impacts result when the effects of an action are added to or interact with the effects of other actions in a particular place and within a particular time. It is the combination of these effects, and any resulting environmental degradation, that should be the focus of cumulative impact analysis and changes to policies and permitting decisions.
"Debris flow"means the rapid downslope movement of a viscous mass of water-saturated sediments.
"Degraded"means to have suffered a decrease in naturally occurring function or value.
"Delineation"means identification of wetlands and their boundaries in accordance with the approved federal wetland delineation manual and applicable regional supplements.
"Department"means the Community Development Department, unless otherwise stated in the applicable chapter herein.
"Director"means the Community Development Director or their designee, unless otherwise stated in the applicable chapter herein.
"Ditch"means any graded (manmade) channel installed to collect and convey runoff from fields and roadways. Ditches include irrigation ditches, wasteways, drains, outfalls, operational spillways, channels, storm water runoff facilities or other wholly artificial watercourses, except those that directly result from the modification to a natural watercourse.
"DRASTIC"is an acronym for a computer model developed by the National Water Well Association and Environmental Protection Agency used to measure aquifer susceptibility.
"Earth material"means naturally occurring rock, soil, stone, sediment, or combination thereof.
"Earthflow"means a slow downslope movement of viscous, saturated sediments.
"Elevation certificate"means an administrative tool of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) that can be used to provide elevation information, to determine the proper insurance premium rate, and to support a request for a letter of map amendment (LOMA) or letter of map revision based on fill (LOMR-F).
"Encroachment"means development or regulated activity conducted inside the boundaries of any critical areas or buffers.
"Enhancement"means actions performed within existing critical areas or buffers to intentionally increase or augment one or more ecological functions or values of the existing area. Enhancement actions include, but are not limited to, increasing plant diversity and cover; increasing wildlife habitat and structural complexity with snags or woody debris; installing environmentally compatible erosion controls; removing nonnative plant or animal species; or removing human-made structures or fill that are degrading ecological functions or values.
"Erosion hazard areas"means those areas, pursuant to Chapter
365-190 WAC, likely to become unstable such as steep slopes and areas with unconsolidated soils. These areas are slopes 20 percent or greater and classified as having severe or very severe erosion potential according to the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Soil Survey for Pierce County. Erosion hazard areas include riverine and channel migration zones. These areas are vulnerable to erosion due to the natural characteristics, including vegetative cover, soil texture, slope, gradient, and rainfall patterns, or human-induced changes to such characteristics.
means all structures, contiguous land, appurtenances, and other improvements on the land used for recycling, reusing, reclaiming, transferring, storing, treating, disposing, or otherwise handling a hazardous substance. This term includes underground and aboveground tanks and operations, which handle, use, dispose of, or store hazardous substances.
"Filling"means the act of placing fill or fill material on any surface, including temporary stockpiling of fill material.
"Finished floor"means the top of the next higher floor above the lowest floor. For purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program Elevation Certificate, the "finished floor" referenced in this regulation shall equal the top of the next higher floor.
"Fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas,"consistent with WAC
365-190-030(6), are areas that serve a critical role in sustaining needed habitats and species for the functional integrity of the ecosystem, and which, if altered, may reduce the likelihood that the species will persist over the long term. These areas may include, but are not limited to, those areas identified as being of critical importance to maintenance of fish, wildlife, and plant species, including: areas with which endangered, threatened, and sensitive species have a primary association; habitats and species of local importance; naturally occurring ponds under 20 acres and their submerged aquatic beds that provide fish or wildlife habitat; waters of the state; lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers planted with game fish by a governmental or tribal entity, or private organization; state natural area preserves and natural resource conservation areas. These areas do not include such artificial features or constructs as irrigation delivery systems, irrigation infrastructure, irrigation canals, or drainage ditches that lie within the boundaries of, and are maintained by, a port district or an irrigation district or company.
means a professional with a degree in fisheries or certification by the American Fisheries Society, or with five years of professional experience as a fisheries biologist.
"Flood fringe"means the area subject to inundation by the base flood, but outside the limits of the floodway, and which may provide needed temporary storage capacity for floodwaters.
"Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM)"means the official map of a community, on which the Federal Insurance Administrator has delineated both the special hazard areas and the risk premium zones applicable to the community. A FIRM that has been made available digitally is called a Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map (DFIRM).
"Floodplain administrator"means the community official designated by title to administer and enforce the floodplain management regulations.
"Floodproofing"means any combination of structural and nonstructural additions, changes, or adjustments to structures which reduce or eliminate risk of flood damage to real estate or improved real property, water and sanitary facilities, structures, and their contents. Floodproofed structures are those that have the structural integrity and design to be impervious to floodwater below the base flood elevation.
"Floodway"means the channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to convey and discharge the base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation by more than one foot, and those areas designated as deep and/or fast-flowing water. Also referred to as "regulatory floodway."
"Fluvial processes"means the physical interaction of flowing water and the natural channels of rivers and streams.
"Frequently flooded area,"consistent with WAC
365-190-030, means lands in the floodplain subject to at least a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year, or within areas subject to flooding due to high groundwater. These areas include, but are not limited to, streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and areas where high groundwater forms ponds on the ground surface.
means a site investigation process to evaluate the on-site geology affecting a subject property provided in a written report.
"Geologically hazardous areas,"consistent with WAC
365-190-030(9), means areas that because of their susceptibility to erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geological events are not suited to the siting of commercial, residential, or industrial development consistent with public health or safety concerns.
means a person with experience and training in analyzing, evaluating, and mitigating landslide, erosion, seismic hazards, or hydrogeology and fluvial geomorphology. A geotechnical professional shall meet the qualification established under Chapter
18.220 RCW and be licensed in the state of Washington as a geologist, hydrogeologist, or professional engineer.
means a report prepared by a geologist or professional engineer, licensed by the state of Washington with expertise in geotechnical engineering, evaluating the site conditions and mitigating measures necessary to reduce the risks associated with development in landslide, erosion, or seismic hazards areas.
"Geotechnical verification"means a geologic assessment prepared by a geologist or professional engineer, licensed by the State of Washington that verifies no landslide, erosion, or seismic hazard areas.
"Ground water management program"means a comprehensive program designed to protect ground water quality, to assure ground water quantity, and to provide for efficient management of water resources while recognizing existing ground water rights and meeting future needs consistent with local and state objectives, policies and authorities within a designated ground water management area or subarea and developed pursuant to Chapter
173-100 WAC.
means a water system: (1) with 15 or more service connections; or (2) serving an average of 25 or more people per day for 60 or more days within a calendar year.
"Habitat management plan"means a report prepared by a professional wildlife biologist or fisheries biologist which discusses and evaluates the measures necessary to maintain fish and wildlife habitat conservation areas on a proposed development site.
"Habitat of local importance"means an area, range, or habitat within which a species has a primary association and which, if altered, may reduce the likelihood that the species will maintain and reproduce over the long term. Examples include areas of high relative density or species richness, breeding habitat, winter range, and movement corridors. These areas may also include habitats that are of limited availability or high vulnerability to alteration. The Edgewood City Council may designate specific habitats of local importance by ordinance or resolution.
"Hard armoring"means the use of large rock or human-made materials to protect property from shoreline erosion. Such techniques include cement or concrete bulkheads, steel structures, rock wall revetments, and rock gabion structures. Hard armoring typically does not utilize or integrate any soft armoring or soil bioengineering methods.
"Historic structure"means any structure that is: (1) listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Washington Heritage Register, or the Washington Heritage Barn Register, or (2) has been certified to contribute to the historical significance of a registered historic district.
"Holocene epoch"means that part of the geologic record that post-dates the youngest deposits associated with the late Pleistocene Age Fraser Glaciation and is typically considered to be the past 10,000 years.
"Hydrogeologic assessment"means a report detailing the subsurface conditions, the design of a proposed land use action, and the facilities operation which indicates the susceptibility and potential for contamination of groundwater supplies.
"Lahars"means mudflows and debris flows originating from the slopes of a volcano.
"Lakes"means impoundments of open water 20 acres or larger in size.
"LiDAR"means an acronym that stands for light detection and ranging imaging.
"Liquefaction"means a process by which a water-saturated granular (sandy) soil layer loses strength because of ground shaking commonly caused by an earthquake.
"Long-term commercial significance"means the growing capacity, productivity, and soil composition of land, which makes it suitable for long-term commercial production, in consideration with the land's proximity to population areas, and the possibility of more intense uses of land.
"Lowest floor"means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area (including basement and crawl space). An unfinished or flood-resistant enclosure, usable solely for parking of vehicles, building access, or storage in an area other than a basement area, is not considered a building's lowest floor; provided, that such enclosure is not built so as to render the structure in violation of the applicable nonelevation design requirements of this title (i.e., provided there are adequate flood ventilation openings).
"Mineral resource lands"means those lands primarily devoted to the extraction of minerals or which have known or potential long-term commercial significance for the extraction of minerals.
"Minerals"means gravel, sand, and valuable metallic substances.
"Mitigation Sequence"means a prescribed order of steps taken to reduced impacts of activities on critical areas. Mitigation sequencing order is provided in EMC §
14.10.070B.
means actions taken to avoid impacts altogether by not taking certain actions or parts of actions; minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation; rectifying impacts by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment; reducing or eliminating impacts over time through preservation and maintenance operations; and compensating for impacts by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments, consistent with 40 CFR
1508.1(s).
means evaluating the impacts of development proposals over time on the biological, hydrological, pedological, and geological elements of such systems and/or assessing the performance of required mitigation measures throughout the collection and analysis of data by various methods for the purpose of understanding and documenting changes in natural ecosystems and features and includes gathering baseline data.
"Mudflow"means a debris flow containing an abundance of fine particles.
"Native vegetation" or "native plants"means a mix of plant species comprising herbs, grasses, grass-like plants, shrubs and trees indigenous to the Puget Sound region that reasonably could be expected to naturally occur on the site.
"New construction"means structures for which the start of construction commenced on or after the effective date of the ordinance codified in this title.
"No Net Loss"refers to the actions taken to achieve and ensure no overall reduction in existing ecosystem functions and values or the natural systems constituting the protected critical areas including the impacted or lost critical areas pursuant to the Growth Management Act, WAC
365-196-830.
consistent with WAC
173-22-030(5) and RCW
90.58.030, means on all lakes and streams that mark that will be found by examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of waters are so common and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, as to mark upon the soil a character distinct from that of the abutting upland, in respect to vegetation as that condition exists on June 1, 1971, as it may naturally change thereafter, or as it may change thereafter in accordance with permits issued by a local government or the department; provided, that in any area where the ordinary high water mark cannot be found, the ordinary high water mark adjoining freshwater shall be the line of mean high water.
means naturally occurring open water areas less than 20 acres in size and larger than 2,500 square feet which maintain standing water throughout the year and lack rooted aquatic vegetation.
"Priority habitat,"consistent with WAC
173-26-020(30), means a habitat type with unique or significant value to one or more species. An area classified and mapped as priority habitat must have one or more of the following attributes: comparatively high wildlife density; comparatively high fish or wildlife species diversity; fish spawning habitat; important wildlife habitat; important fish or wildlife seasonal range and movement corridor; rearing and foraging habitat; refugia habitat; limited availability; high vulnerability to habitat alteration; or unique or dependent species. Current information on priority habitats and species is provided in Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife priority habitats and species list, including lists of habitats (2023 or subsequently updated).
means species requiring protective measures and/or management guidelines to ensure their persistence at genetically viable population levels. Priority species are those that meet any of the criteria listed in WAC
173-26-020. Current information on priority habitats and species is provided by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife priority habitats and species program, including lists of habitats (2023 or subsequently updated).
is an acronym that stands for Revised Code of Washington.
"Restoration"means an action which returns habitat to a state in which its stability and functions approach its unaltered state as closely as possible. This may be accomplished through measures including, but not limited to, revegetation, removal of intrusive stream bank structures, and removal or treatment of toxic materials. Restoration does not imply a requirement for returning the critical area to aboriginal or pre-European settlement conditions.
"Riparian management zone"means the area that has the potential to provide full riparian functions. In many forested regions of the state, this area occurs within the 200-year site-potential tree height measured from the edge of the stream channel. In non-forest areas, the riparian management zone is defined by the greater of the outermost point of the riparian vegetative community or the pollution removal function, at 100 feet. It is often synonymous with riparian buffer. (Riparian Ecosystems, Volume 2: Management Recommendations. WDFW 2020)
"Riparian"means the area adjacent to aquatic systems with flowing water that contains elements of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems which mutually influence each other.
"Seismic hazard areas,"consistent with WAC
365-190-030(18), means areas subject to severe risk of damage as a result of earthquake-induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil liquefaction, debris flows, lahars, or tsunamis.
means agricultural lands and mineral resource lands and all associated buffers.
"Shoreline"means the line where a body of water and the shore meet or the strip of land along the shoreline. There are no waters within the city meeting the criteria of shorelines of statewide significance as defined by RCW
90.58.030. City of Edgewood has no designated shorelines.
means a lot, parcel, tract, or combination of lots, parcels, or tracts on which a regulated activity is proposed.
"Slope"means an inclined earth surface, the inclination of which is expressed as the ratio of horizontal distance to vertical distance. In these regulations, slopes are generally expressed as a percentage.
"Sludge land application site"means a site where stabilized sludge, septage, and other organic wastes are applied to the surface of the land in accordance with established agronomic rates for fertilization or soil conditioning.
"Sludge"means a semi-solid substance consisting of settled solids combined with varying amounts of water and dissolved materials generated from a wastewater treatment plant or system or other sources, including septage sludge, sewage sludge, and industrial sludge.
"Soft armoring techniques" or "soil bioengineering methods"means the use of woody plants and limited structural-mechanical systems that are integrated in a structurally and environmentally sound manner to repair and protect slopes and shorelines against shallow mass wasting and surface erosion. Examples include, but are not limited to, live stake, live fascine, brushlayer, live cribwall, vegetated geogrid, branchpacking, live slope grading, beach berms, or earthen berms.
"Special occupancy structures"means those structures that have the potential to provide capacity for large numbers of people or special groups of people or assemblies such as but not limited to schools, jails and detention facilities, and resident incapacitated patients.
"Species of local importance"means species that are of local concern due to their population status or their sensitivity to habitat manipulation.
"Stormwater conveyance facilities"means man-made drainage facilities which collect, contain, and provide for the flow of surface and stormwater from the highest points on the land down to a receiving water. Man-made elements of the conveyance system include ditches, pipes, channels, connecting structures and retention/detention facilities.
"Stream"means a feature where surface waters produce a defined channel or bed. A defined channel or bed is an area that demonstrates clear evidence of the passage of water and includes, but is not limited to, bedrock channels, gravel beds, sand and silt beds, and defined-channel swales. The channel or bed need not contain water year-round. This definition is not intended to include artificially created irrigation ditches, canals, storm or surface water devices, or other entirely artificial watercourses, unless they are used by salmonids or created for the purposes of stream mitigation.
"Substantial damage"means damage of any origin sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its before-damaged condition would equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred.
"Substantial improvement"means any repair, reconstruction, addition, rehabilitation, or other improvement of a structure, whereby the cost for the work exceeds 50 percent of the market value of the existing structure before the start of construction of the improvement. The cost and market value may be determined using the current permit valuation. The director shall determine the current permit valuation based on the cost per square foot values in effect at the time of permit application. Substantial improvement shall be accumulative from the effective date of the ordinance codified in this title. This term includes structures which have incurred substantial damage, regardless of the actual repair work performed. The term does not, however, include: (1) any project for improvement of a structure to correct existing violations of state or local health, sanitary, or safety code specifications which have been identified by the local code enforcement official and which are the minimum necessary to assure safe living conditions; or (2) any alteration of a historic structure; provided, that the alteration will not preclude the structure's continued designation as a historic structure.
"Toe of slope"means a distinct topographic break in slope at the lowermost limit of the landslide or erosion hazard area.
"TPCHD"is an acronym that stands for the Tacoma-Pierce County health department.
"Underground storage tank" or "UST"means one tank or a combination of multiple tanks, including the underground pipes connected thereto, which are used to contain or dispense an accumulation of hazardous substances or hazardous wastes, and the total volume of which is 10 percent or more beneath the surface of the ground.
"Urban growth"means growth that makes intensive use of the land for the location of buildings, structures, and impermeable surfaces to such a degree as to be incompatible with the primary use of such land for the production of food, other agricultural products, or fiber, or the extraction of mineral resources. When allowed to spread over wide areas, urban growth typically requires urban governmental services.
"View corridor"means an area which affords views of lakes, mountains, or other scenic amenities normally enjoyed by residential property owners.
"Violation"means a condition that is not compliant with this title. See Chapter
1.10 EMC for penalties.
consistent with WAC
365-190-030(21), means geologically hazardous areas that are subject to pyroclastic flows, lava flows, debris avalanche, or inundation by debris flows, mudflows, or related flooding resulting from volcanic activity.
is an acronym that stands for the Washington Administrative Code.
"Water typing" or "water type"means a system for classifying water bodies according to their size and fish habitat characteristics, consistent with the Washington Department of Natural Resources Forest Practices Water Typing classification system (WAC
222-16-030).
consistent with RCW
90.48.020, include lakes, rivers, ponds, streams, inland waters, underground waters, salt waters and all other surface waters and watercourses within the jurisdiction of the state of Washington.
means protective areas associated with public drinking water sources established by water systems and approved or assigned by the state department of health. A WHPA is the area within the 10-year time-of-travel zone boundary or zone of contribution area of a Group A public water system well, as delineated by the water system purveyor or its designee, pursuant to WAC
246-290-135.
means the numeric designation (I through IV) assigned to a wetland to indicate the wetland's overall function and value. Wetland categories rank the city's wetlands from highest (Category I) to lowest (Category IV) using the current version of the Washington State Wetland Rating System for Western Washington (Hruby, 2014).
"Wetland mosaic"means a patchwork of wetlands that is considered one unit where each patch of wetland is less than one acre and the areas delineated as vegetated wetland are more than 50 percent of the total area of the wetlands and uplands together.
"Wetland specialist"means a person that obtained professional wetland scientist (PWS) or wetland professional in training (WPIT) certification from the Society of Wetland Scientists or a qualified wetland professional with experience and training in wetlands issues and with experience in performing a delineation, analyzing wetland functions and values, analyzing wetland impacts, and recommending wetland mitigation and restoration. A qualified wetland professional is a person with experience and training that includes, at a minimum:
1. A B.S., B.A., or equivalent degree in biology, botany, environmental studies, ecology, fisheries, hydrology, soil science, wildlife, agriculture, or related field; and
Two years of related work experience; and
One year's experience delineating wetlands using the Federal Delineation Manual and applicable regional supplements and preparing wetland reports and mitigation plans; or
Four years of related work experience and training; and
Two years of experience delineating wetlands using the Federal Delineation Manual and preparing wetland reports and mitigation plans.
"Wetland,"consistent with WAC
365-190-030, means areas that are inundated or saturated by surface water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. Wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from nonwetland sites, including, but not limited to, irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and landscape amenities, or those wetlands created after July 1, 1990, that were unintentionally created as a result of the construction of a road, street, or highway. Wetlands may include those artificial wetlands intentionally created from nonwetland areas created to mitigate conversion of wetlands, if permitted by the city.
means a professional with a degree in wildlife or related field, or certification by the Wildlife Society, or with five years of professional experience as a wildlife biologist.
(Ord. 25-0695, 12/23/2025)