A. 
Concrete sidewalks. A concrete sidewalk shall be of the width shown on the construction standards and shall be laid on a foundation five (5) inches thick. The sidewalk shall consist of a single course of concrete five (5) inches thick, except in driveways, where it shall be seven (7) inches thick and reinforced.
(1) 
Materials.
(a) 
Materials for the foundation shall consist of run-of-bank gravel as specified under § 107-10C, Bank gravel foundation course, of these specifications, or the best grade of steam cinders.
(b) 
Concrete shall be one to two to three and one-half (1:2:3 1/2) concrete, mixed in accordance with the requirements of Item 18 of the state specifications, and shall have a minimum twenty-eight-day compressive strength of three thousand (3,000) pounds per square inch.
(c) 
All concrete shall have an air entrainment of six percent (6%) to nine percent (9%). Air entrainment shall be obtained by using either air entraining cement conforming to ASTM C-175, latest revision, Type 2A, or by using plain portland cement conforming to ASTM C-150, latest revision, Type 2, and an approved air-entraining admixture. The air-entraining admixture used shall be one approved by the New York State Department of Public Works and must also be approved by the Town Engineer.
(2) 
Excavations. Excavation shall be made to dimensions sufficient to permit the setting of forms. The earth subgrade, immediately before the foundation material is placed on it, shall be compacted, smooth, parallel to and the required depth below the finished sidewalk surface. The subgrade shall not be in a muddy or frozen condition, and unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced with acceptable material thoroughly compacted.
(3) 
Method of placement.
(a) 
Foundation material shall be placed on the prepared subgrade and thoroughly compacted into a course not less than five (5) inches thick. The top surface shall be parallel to the finished grade and at a distance below grade equal to the specified thickness of concrete.
(b) 
Forms shall be of substantial materials with suitable metal dividing plates and a sufficient strength to satisfactorily resist distortion when fastened together and secured in place. Forms shall be cleaned of old concrete and thoroughly lubricated. Forms and dividing plates shall be of a depth not less than that of the concrete sidewalk, shall be properly located with tops set to the designated sidewalk surface and shall be left in place until the concrete has hardened.
(c) 
Concrete sidewalks shall be built in independent rectangular slabs approximately five (5) feet long and separated by joints approximately one-eighth (1/8) inch wide, or in panels up to sixty (60) feet long where continuous reinforcement is used. Reinforcement shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Designation A-185 and shall weigh not less than forty-two (42) pounds per one hundred (100) square feet. One-half-inch-thick premolded bituminous expansion joint material shall be placed to the full depth of each joint where reinforcement is used. Between these joints the walk shall be scored one (1) inch deep to form five-foot panels.
(d) 
The concrete shall be placed within the forms, thoroughly tamped and spaded to fill the forms, and struck off at the finished grade. At driveways, steel fabric reinforcement shall be placed two (2) inches from the top surface. Steel fabric shall be No. 6 gauge wire at six-inch centers transversely and longitudinally, and meeting the requirements of ASTM Specification A-185.
(e) 
Sidewalk at a driveway shall be a length to suit the width of the driveway as determined in the field, with the top surface scored at approximately five-foot intervals. One-half-inch premolded bituminous joints shall be placed at the ends of driveway sidewalk.
(f) 
The top surface shall be finished to true, smooth planes by troweling and finally by wooden floats. Each rectangular slab shall have edges neatly rounded with proper tools and bounded on all sides by a troweled border about one (1) inch wide.
(g) 
Concrete shall be cured by nonstaining quilted covers, or other approved method. Quilted covers shall be held securely in place and weighted down to completely cover the edges, as well as the top, of the sidewalk. Adjoining quilts shall be lapped at least twelve (12) inches. These quilted covers shall be laid directly on the sidewalk as soon as it is completed. They shall be thoroughly wetted and kept wet for at least five (5) days.
B. 
Asphalt concrete sidewalks.
(1) 
Width and thickness. Asphalt concrete sidewalks shall be of the width and compacted thickness indicated on the construction standards.
(2) 
Materials and construction.
(a) 
Materials and construction of the foundation course shall conform to the requirements under § 107-10C, Bank gravel foundation course, of these specifications.
(b) 
Before the placement of the asphalt concrete top course, the foundation course shall be primed with a medium curing liquid asphalt, Grade MC-1, conforming to ASTM D-598, heated to a temperature between eighty degrees and one hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit (80° and 150° F.), and applied uniformly over the surface by means of approved pressure distributors at a rate of two-tenths (0.2) to six tenths (0.6) gallon per square yard, dependent on the gradation of the surface, to ensure a minimum penetration of one (1) inch.
(c) 
Materials and construction of the asphalt concrete top course shall conform to the requirements specified under § 107-10D, Asphalt concrete, of these specifications.
A. 
Materials.
[Amended 4-15-1969]
(1) 
Granite curbs shall consist of hard, durable granite pieces of an approved color, having a good appearance, free from seams which impair its structural integrity, and having a Los Angeles percentage of wear of not more than thirty-two (32) when tested according to ASTM C-422. Except for transition sections at catch basins, the granite curb shall be equivalent to the vertical type VS as produced by H.E. Fletcher Company, West Chelmsford, Massachusetts. The width of the curb at the top shall be five (5) inches, plus or minus one-half (1/2) inch; the nominal depth shall be sixteen (16) inches, plus or minus two (2) inches; the minimum laying length shall be three (3) feet. Curbs having a radius of one hundred (100) feet or less shall be cut to true radii.
(2) 
Transition curb pieces at catch basins may be constructed of granite or precast concrete. These units shall be true to lines and dimensions as shown on the construction standards for granite transition curbs. If precast concrete is used, the sections shall be obtained from a reliable source, approved by the Planning Board, and shall be constructed of air-entrained concrete of one to two to three (1:2:3) mix, capable of producing a concrete of at least three thousand five hundred (3,500) pounds per square inch in compressive strength. Air entrainment shall be achieved by use of an air-entraining additive, such as Sika AER, Grace Chemical Darex, or an equivalent, used in sufficient quantity to produce not less air content than six percent (6%). Two (2) No. 4 steel reinforcing bars shall be placed in the top and two (2) in the bottom of each section.
B. 
Method of placement.
(1) 
Excavation for curbs shall be made accurately to the lines and grades indicated. The subgrade shall be carefully and thoroughly compacted to provide full support for each curb section.
(2) 
Curbs shall be set on a portland cement concrete mix of one to three to six (1:3:6), with only sufficient water used to hold the mix together. Concrete shall be tamped in place. The concrete shall conform to the requirements of Item 20, Class B, of the state specifications.
(3) 
Curbs shall be set accurately to the grade indicated. Ends of curb sections shall be butted together as closely as possible to form a tight, even joint. After curbs have been set and the concrete properly cured, they shall be backfilled with acceptable material free from stones over three (3) inches in size. Backfill shall be placed in layers not over six (6) inches in depth and well compacted. Backfilling shall be done simultaneously on both sides of the curb in order to prevent tilting. Curbs shall be protected and kept in alignment until final approval of the work.
A. 
Materials. Pipe for use in underdrains shall be porous concrete pipe and fittings, conforming to AASHO M-176. Underdrain filter material shall consist of screened gravel or crushed stone, graded as follows:
Sieve Size Square Openings
Percentage by Weight Passing
2 inches
100%
1/2 inch
45% - 85%
1/4 inch
30% - 65%
No. 10
15% - 45%
No. 200
0% - 5%
Material passing a No. 40 mesh sieve shall have a maximum Plasticity Index of five (5) when tested according to ASTM D-424.
B. 
Placement. Pipe shall be laid true to line and grade on a tamped bed of filter material of the width and thickness indicated on the construction standards. After the pipe has been placed in proper alignment, filter material shall be hand-shoveled around the sides of pipe to a level six (6) inches above the top of the pipe. A layer of fifteen-pound roofing felt or a one-inch layer of salt hay shall be placed on top of the filter material. The remaining backfill shall be placed to subgrade in layers not exceeding six (6) inches in depth before compaction. Joints in porous pipe shall be tight-fitting slip joints not requiring mortar or jointing compound. The upstream end of each pipe shall be plugged with approved concrete plugs.
A. 
Concrete gutters.
(1) 
General. Concrete gutters shall be constructed to the cross section shown on the construction standards. Concrete shall be one to two to three and one-half (1:2:3 1/2) concrete, mixed and placed in accordance with the requirements Item 98 - Concrete Gutter of the state specifications, except as herein modified. All concrete shall have a minimum twenty-eight-day compressive strength of three thousand (3,000) pounds per square inch and shall contain six percent (6%) to nine percent (9%) of entrained air as specified under § 107-11A, Concrete Sidewalks.
(2) 
Placement. Concrete gutters shall be constructed in eight-foot sections of the shape shown on the construction standards and to the required line and grade. A steel separating plate one-eighth (1/8) inch thick and cut to fit the section shall be used in each joint and removed when the concrete hardens; or the gutters may be constructed in alternate sections, twenty-four (24) hours to elapse before the construction of the intermediate sections. A straight edge shall be laid parallel to the line of the gutter to strike off the surface to conform accurately to the gutter section. All construction joints shall be poured full with asphalt filler meeting the requirements of Item 71 of the state specifications. Concrete gutters shall be cured in the same manner as specified for concrete sidewalks, § 107-11A.
B. 
Asphalt concrete gutters.
(1) 
Width and thickness. Asphalt concrete gutters shall be of the width and compacted thickness shown on the construction standards.
(2) 
Materials and construction.
(a) 
Materials and construction of the foundation course shall conform to the requirements specified under § 107-10C, Bank gravel foundation course, of these specifications.
(b) 
Before the placement of the asphalt concrete top course, the foundation course shall be primed with a medium curing liquid asphalt, Grade MC-1, conforming to ASTM D-598, heated to a temperature between eighty degrees and one hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit (80° and 150° F.), and applied uniformly over the surface by means of approved pressure distributors at a rate of two tenths (0.2) to six tenths (0.6) gallon per square yard, dependent on gradation of the surface, to ensure a minimum penetration of one (1) inch.
(c) 
Materials and construction of the asphalt concrete top course shall conform to the requirements specified under § 107-10D, Asphalt Concrete, of these specifications. After compaction, the surface of the gutters shall be sealed with bituminous material. Bituminous material for sealing shall be an asphalt emulsion and, depending on the smoothness of the surface, shall conform to one (1) of the following formulas:
Material Designation
RS-1
RS-2
Water
40% - 45%
30% - 40%
Asphalt
60%
70%
Homogeneous
Yes
Yes
Ash max.
2.0%
2.0%
Furol vis. at 77° F.
20 - 100
--
Furol vis. at 122° F.
--
100 - 400
Settlement, 7 days, max.
3.0
3.0
Screen test, max.
0.1%
0.1%
Demulsibility, N/50 (35) min.
60
60
Asphalt Base for Emulsion
RS-1
RS-2
Pen. at 77° F., 100 g., 5 sec.
100 - 250
100 - 250
Pen. ratio (39.2° F./77° F. x 100) min.
30
30
Sol. in CCl4, min.
97.5%
97.5%
Ductility at 77° F., min.
60
60
Flash point, °F., min.
347
347
Pen. of distil. res. at 77° F.
100 - 200
100 - 200
Oil in distillate, % by vol., based on total emulsion
0 - 2.0
0 - 2.0
C. 
Stone gutters.
(1) 
Stone gutters shall be constructed in the manner shown on the construction standards and as specified herein. All excavation and backfill shall conform to the requirements of § 107-9 of these specifications.
(2) 
Flat stones shall be selected for the gutter and embedded in mortar composed of one (1) part portland cement and three (3) parts fine aggregate. The stones shall be laid to the line and grade with close joints by skilled workmen using regular paving tools. The whole shall then be thoroughly rammed in place and brought to a uniform surface.
D. 
Open ditches. Where drainage facilities include open ditches, the slope of the sidewalls of such ditches shall not exceed one (1) foot vertically for each two (2) feet horizontally. Where steeper sides would otherwise be required, the runoff shall be carried in approved, buried pipes.
A. 
Catch basins.
(1) 
Catch basins shall be constructed in accordance with the details shown on the construction standards. Concrete for the catch basin base shall be one to two to four (1:2:4) concrete, mixed and placed in accordance with the requirements of Item 20 - Class B Concrete of the state specifications.
(2) 
Walls shall be constructed of concrete, concrete manhole block or brick. Concrete shall be as specified for the base. Concrete manhole blocks shall be solid block and shall conform to the requirements of 102A of the state specifications. Hollow block will not be permitted. Bricks shall conform to ASTM Specification C-32, Grade MA. Bricks and concrete manhole blocks shall be laid in mortar composed of one (1) part portland cement and two (2) parts mortar sand by a competent mason in a workmanlike manner. Bricks or manhole blocks shall be parged outside with a one-half-inch coat of one to three (1:3) cement mortar.
(3) 
Frames, covers and gratings shall be of cast iron of the type shown on the construction standards. Iron castings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM Specification A-48, Class 20. Galvanized wrought iron safety steps, placed twelve (12) inches apart, shall be required in catch basins over four (4) feet in depth.
B. 
Manholes. Manholes for the purpose of access to underground sewer systems for inspection and cleaning shall be required where necessary, in accordance with standard engineering practice, or elsewhere where called for by the Town Engineer. In general, manholes shall be provided where there is a change in direction, change in pipe size or considerable change in grade of the sewer system. No standard construction details for manholes are shown on the construction standards, and in those cases where manholes are to be provided, the subdivider's design proposals for such structures shall be fully shown on the construction plans and shall be subject to modification and review by the Planning Board on the advice of the Town Engineer. Materials for manhole construction, including steps as required, shall be those specified for catch basins in Subsection A of this section.
A. 
General. Reinforced concrete pipes of necessary sizes shall be placed where required in accordance with the details as shown on the construction standards. Trench excavation and refill should be done in accordance with the requirements as given under § 107-9 of these regulations.
B. 
Materials.
(1) 
Pipe under twelve (12) inches in diameter shall be extra-strength concrete sewer pipe conforming to the requirements of the Standard Specifications C14, Table II, latest edition of the American Society for Testing and Materials, except that tongue-and-groove-type pipe shall be allowed.
(2) 
Pipe twelve (12) inches and above in diameter shall be reinforced concrete culvert pipe conforming to the requirements of ASTM Specification C-76, Table IV.
C. 
Placement.
(1) 
The pipe shall be bedded in an approved earth foundation of density adequate to support the pipe at proper grade, carefully shaped by means of a template supported at the desired grade to fit the lower part of the pipe for at least ten percent (10%) of its overall height. Each pipe shall be laid, with the bell facing upgrade, in full conformity with lines and grades as shown on the plans.
(2) 
Joints in bell-end pipe shall be formed by caulking the hubs with a gasket of jute or oakum and then filling with mortar composed of equal parts of portland cement and clean, sharp sand. After the pipe has been laid in place and the outside of the joint has been caulked and sealed with mortar, all surplus mortar and debris shall be removed from the inside of the pipe. All pipe shall be clean and left in satisfactory working condition. Preformed bituminous gaskets and other such jointing systems may be substituted for mortar joints upon approval by the Town Engineer.
Structures and retaining walls shall be designed in accordance with the current issue of the specifications of the American Association of State Highway Officials. The minimum design load for bridge structures shall be H-10. Bridges on important streets or connecting highways shall be designed for heavier loads, as required by the town. Existing structures for which plans are not available will not be accepted unless the safe load carrying capacity can be demonstrated to be H-10 or greater.
A. 
Where required. Guideposts shall be installed where and as shown on the construction standards and as herein specified. In addition to the requirements shown on the construction standards, a minimum of three (3) posts will be required on the returns at each intersection. Posts are also required at all turnarounds, spaced eight (8) feet on centers. Additional guideposts shall be installed where deemed necessary by the Town Engineer.
B. 
Materials. Posts shall be of locust and shall be sound, clear and cut from live timber. Posts of other material will be allowed under special circumstances, with the approval of the Town Engineer. Locust posts shall be round and at least six (6) inches in diameter at the smaller end after the bark is removed. Posts shall be shaved to an even surface, free from bark and skin. The top of the post shall be cut on a bevel of one (1) on two (2). The part of the posts to be set underground shall be dipped twice in creosote oil or, while dry, in bituminous material heated to a temperature of three hundred degrees Fahrenheit (300° F.), and shall be thoroughly dried before being set in the ground.
C. 
Placement. Posts shall be buried not less than two (2) feet six (6) inches below the finished ground surface, and the bottom of the bevel shall be three (3) feet above the finished ground surface. The posts shall be vertical. After being set, the posts shall be given three (3) coats of an approved white paint.
A. 
Rubble stone masonry headwalls.
(1) 
Rubble stone masonry headwalls shall be constructed in the manner shown on the construction standards and as specified herein. All excavation and backfill shall conform to the requirements under § 107-9 of these regulations.
(2) 
Stone masonry for headwalls shall be built of clean stone, free from structural defects, laid in full cement mortar beds of one (1) part portland cement and three (3) parts mortar sand. Vertical joints shall be parged with mortar. Selected stone, roughly squared and pitched to line, shall be used for the coping and ends of walls.
(3) 
The stone shall be laid on its natural bed to form substantial masonry presenting a neat and finished appearance. Spalls and pinners shall not be allowed to show on the face of the wall and shall be used only where necessary. All stones shall be laid to break joints six (6) inches or more and to thoroughly bond the work.
B. 
Concrete headwalls. Concrete headwalls shall be constructed of one to two to three and one-half (1:2:3 1/2) concrete in the manner shown on the construction standards and as specified herein. All excavations and backfill shall conform to the requirements under § 107-9 of these regulations. Concrete, its framework, manipulation and curing shall be done in accordance with the requirements of Item 18, Class A Concrete, of the state specifications. All concrete shall have a minimum twenty-eight day compressive strength of three thousand (3,000) pounds per square inch and shall contain six percent (6%) to nine percent (9%) of entrained air as specified under § 107-11A, Concrete sidewalks, of these regulations.
A. 
Monuments shall be set where required. The material for these monuments shall be either concrete testing not less than two thousand five hundred (2,500) pounds per square inch or sound, durable granite. Dimensions shall be reasonably close to the dimensions shown on the construction standards. Concrete monuments shall contain four (4) three-eighths-inch diameter reinforcing steel bars, set one (1) in each corner.
B. 
Monuments shall be well tamped in place to prevent movement. The top three (3) inches shall project above the surrounding ground surface, except that monuments may be flush with the surface where, as in a driveway, for instance, they would present an obstruction.
A. 
Spreading of topsoil. All slopes and disturbed areas related in any way to roads being constructed shall be covered with topsoil to a minimum depth of four (4) inches. Topsoil shall be stripped from the road area for this purpose and shall be stockpiled in appropriate locations until needed. If there is not sufficient topsoil available from the road area, good quality topsoil shall be imported. Any topsoil to be removed from the property or any topsoil to be imported must be handled in accordance with all regulations and ordinances relating thereto.
B. 
Seeding. All topsoil areas shall be seeded. The work shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Item Nos. 121 and 123 of the state specifications. Attention is directed to the Golden Nematode Quarantine of the Department of Agriculture and Markets of the State of New York regarding topsoil and earth-moving equipment from Nassau and Suffolk Counties.
C. 
Seed requirements. The seed used shall be fresh, recleaned seed of the latest crop, mixed in the following proportions by weight, and meeting the following standards of pure live seed content. The tolerance for P.L.S. (purity X germination) shall be those called official and tabulated on Page 5, United States Department of Agriculture, Bulletin No 480. No tests or certified reports will be required unless the materials to be used appear to be of inferior quality.
Grass
Maximum Weed Seed
P.L.S.
50% Creeping Red Fescue (Illahee strain)
0.50%
90%
30% Kentucky Blue Grass
0.50%
85%
10% Red top (fancy recleaned)
1.00%
85%
10% English Perennial Rye
0.50%
88%
Seed packages shall bear the label of a responsible seed company, with the mixture indicated thereon.
D. 
Placement. The rate of seeding shall be at least one hundred fifty (150) pounds per acre. Seeds shall be sown by hand or by an approved machine in such a manner that a uniform stand will result. After seeding, the surface shall be evenly raked with a fine-toothed rake and rolled with an approved roller weighing at least three hundred (300) pounds.