A. 
PVC sewer pipe.
(1) 
PVC sewer pipe shall conform to ASTM Designation D-3034-(SDR-35). Factory attachment of couplings and saddle fittings and field jointing of pipe sections and fittings shall be accomplished by O-ring rubber gaskets (ASTM Designation F-744).
(2) 
Sanitary sewer pipe shall be polyvinyl chloride (referred to as "PVC") pipe with integral wall bell and spigot joints for conveyance of domestic sewage. Pipe material shall conform to ASTM D-1784, cell classification 12454-B, 1254-C or 13364-B, with minimum tensile modulus of 500,000 pounds per square inch (psi). Joints shall conform to ASTM D-3212, each with integral bell joint consisting of a formed bell complete with single rubber gasket. Pipe stiffness shall conform to ASTM D-4214 at five-percent deflection for 46 psi and conform to drop impact test per ASTM D-2444.
(3) 
All branches, bends and accessories shall be as manufactured by the approved pipe supplier and have bell and spigot configuration compatible with that of the sanitary sewer pipe. All necessary lubricants for pipe and fitting installation shall be furnished and applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
B. 
Ductile iron sewer pipe and fittings.
(1) 
Ductile iron sewer pipe and fittings shall be coal tar enamel coated. All fittings for CI and DI pipe shall have mechanical joints or push-on joints, unless otherwise approved.
(2) 
Push-on joint pipe and fittings of ductile iron pipe shall conform to Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast in Metal Molds or Sand-Lined Molds, for Water or Other Liquids, ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51. Iron fittings will conform to the requirements of Gray Iron and Ductile Iron Fittings, three inches through 48 inches, for Water and Other Liquids, ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10.
(3) 
Ductile iron pipe shall have with push-on joints. Gaskets and lubricant will be as recommended by the pipe manufacturer. Push-on joints will conform to the requirements of Rubber Gasket Joints for Ductile Iron and Gray Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings, ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11.
(4) 
All flanges and all flanged iron fittings will conform to the requirements of Cast-Iron Flanges and Flanged Fittings, 25, 125, 250 and 800 lb., ANSI B16.1, and Gray Iron and Ductile Iron Fittings, two inches through 48 inches, for Water and Other Liquids, ANSI A21.10, as applicable. All pipe provided with flanges will conform to the requirements of Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe with Threaded Flanges, ANSI/AWWA C115/A21.15. All flanges on short pieces of flanged pipe may be cast solid or made by threading the end of a piece of ductile iron pipe and screwing companion flanges on the threaded ends in such manner as to provide the correct face-to-face dimensions. The threaded ends of the pipe will be run through the flange and be machined off flush with the face of the flange.
(5) 
Bolts used for flanged joints will conform to the requirements of Square and Hex Bolts and Screws, Including Hex Cap Screws and Lag Screws, ANSI B18.2.1. Nuts used for flanged joints will conform to the requirements of Square and Hex Nuts, ANSI B18.2.2. All bolts and nuts will be best quality hot-dipped galvanized steel. Bolt head and nuts will be hexagonal and the diameter and length of bolts will conform to the requirements of Cast Iron Flanges and Flanged Fittings, 25, 125, 250, and 800 lb., ANSI B16.1.
(6) 
All mechanical joint ductile iron pipe will conform to Ductile Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast in Metal Molds or Sand-Lined Molds, for Water or Other Liquids, ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51. Iron fittings will conform to the requirements of Gray Iron and Ductile Iron Fittings, three inches through 48 inches, for Water and Other Liquids, ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10. All mechanical joints will conform to the requirements of Rubber Gasket Joints for Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings, ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11.
(7) 
Restrained joint pipe will be ductile iron manufactured in accordance with the requirements of ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51. Push-on joints for such pipe will be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11 Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings.
(8) 
Restrained joint fittings and the restraining components will be ductile iron in accordance with applicable requirements of ANSI/AWWA C110/A21.10 and/or C153/A21.53.
(9) 
The outside surface of all buried exterior pipe and fittings will be coated with coal-tar pitch varnish.
C. 
Casing pipe. Casing pipe and joints shall be of metal and of leakproof construction. Casing pipe shall be so installed as to prevent formation of a waterway, with an even bearing throughout its length, and shall slope to one end.
(1) 
Steel casing pipe under railroad. Steel casing pipe as specified for railroad crossings shall conform to the requirements for ASTM-A 139, Grade B.
(2) 
Steel casing pipe under highway. Steel casing pipe as specified for highway crossings shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A-139, Grade B or ASTM A-53, Grade B.
A. 
The quality of all materials, the process of manufacture and the finished pipe shall be subject to inspection and approval by the Township. Such inspection may be made at the place of manufacture or on the work site after delivery or at both places, and the pipe shall be subject to rejection at any time on account of failure to meet any of the specification requirements even though sample pipes may have been accepted as satisfactory at the place of manufacture.
B. 
Previous to being lowered into the trench, each pipe shall be carefully inspected, and those not meeting the specification shall be rejected and at once removed from the work. Pipes having any defects not sufficient, in the judgment of the Township, to warrant their rejection, shall be so laid as to bring these defects to the upper half of the sewer.
C. 
The Township shall also have the right to take samples of concrete after it has been mixed, or as it is being placed in the forms or molds, and to make such inspection and tests thereof as it may wish.
D. 
Any pipe which has been damaged after delivery will be rejected, and, if such pipe is already laid in the sewer line, it shall be acceptably repaired, if permitted, or removed and replaced solely at the contractor's expense.
Each pipe section shall be handled into its position in the trench only in such manner and by such means as the Township approves as satisfactory. The contractor shall furnish slings, straps and other approved devices to permit satisfactory support of all parts of the pipe when it is lifted.
The Township shall be notified when the pipes are to be laid in the trench, and none shall be covered until they have been inspected and approved by the Township. At least 25 feet of pipe shall, under ordinary circumstances, be laid before covering begins.
A. 
All pipe shall be reinspected for soundness and damage due to handling immediately before being lowered into the trench. Any pipe found to be unsound or damaged will be rejected and shall be removed immediately from the site of the work.
B. 
All pipe shall be laid accurately to the required line and grade and in such manner as to form a close, concentric joint with the adjoining pipe and to bring the invert of each section to the required grade. All pipe shall be laid in a straight line between manholes. No curved sewers will be permitted. Bell holes shall be dug in advance of the pipe laying. The supporting of pipe on blocks will not be permitted.
C. 
Pipe laying shall proceed upgrade, beginning at the lower end of the sewer.
D. 
Branches, fittings and specials shall be provided and laid as indicated on the drawings or as directed by the Township. All open ends of pipes and branches shall be sealed with stoppers or bulkhead finely held in place in a manner acceptable to the Township. No special payments will be made for stoppers or bulkheads. At the end of each day's work, the open ends of all pipes shall be satisfactorily protected against the entrance of animals, earth or other materials.
Gravity sewer lines shall be constructed with slopes of at least the minimum allowable set forth in N.J.A.C. 7:14A-23.6. Upon completion of pipeline laying from manhole to manhole, the grade of pipe shall be checked for proper slope before proceeding to the next manhole. Failure to verify and correct deviations from established grade may require removal and replacement of several strings of pipe to correct less than minimum grade conditions detected at time of final inspection.
A. 
Practically water-tight work is required, and the contractor shall construct the sewers with a premium joint so that the sewer installation will meet the requirements of § 201-116, Sewer tests.
B. 
The ends of the pipe shall be satisfactorily cleaned just before laying, and the joint shall be made in a satisfactory manner in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the particular type of joint. All joint work shall be done by experienced workmen.
C. 
Before any joints are actually made in the trench, the contractor shall demonstrate to the Township, by making a sample joint, that the methods employed will secure a joint that will meet the requirements of the specifications for § 201-116, Sewer tests.
Embedment bedding for use with various pipe types, sizes and depths shall be as required under § 201-137, Pipe embedment and encasement, of these specifications.
A. 
All house services shall be four inches in diameter. Open ends shall be plugged with a stopper and seal. The seal shall be watertight and sufficient to withstand test pressures. The Township shall be provided measurements from manhole to each Y-branch and end of house service. Place a two-by-two marker at end of each house service.
B. 
The Township reserves the right to determine the size and kind of the service lateral from the main to the curbline or right-of-way limit and the building sewer. New building sewers of all sizes (minimum four-inch pipe) shall be constructed of heavy-duty cast-iron soil pipe or PVC, Schedule 40, and all installations shall be in accordance with the standards and requirements of the New Jersey State Plumbing Code. In the event of conflict between the code and these specifications, the more stringent provision shall govern. The building sewer from the curb to the building shall be furnished, installed and maintained by the owner of the property and shall be laid in a straight line, if practical, from the end of the Township-constructed service lateral to the structure to be served, shall be at least two feet below the surface of the ground at all times when final grading of the property has been completed and shall be laid with a minimum grade of 1/4 inch per foot. Changes in direction shall only be made with suitable pipe fittings of the same material as the building sewer. Cleanouts shall be provided immediately outside the building being served, at all changes in direction and at every 75 feet of the building sewer, measured from the building. The building sewer and connection to the service lateral shall be installed by the owner or a licensed plumber and maintained by the owner and shall be inspected and approved by the Township's agent prior to backfilling the trench. Any construction not approved shall be immediately removed and reconstructed in an approved manner.
C. 
All building sewers shall be properly constructed in order to avoid the creation of infiltration and/or inflow sources within the Township's system.
Where special junction chambers are to be constructed or where existing sewers carrying sanitary sewage are encountered, the contractor shall provide and maintain temporary connections to prevent a nuisance.
A. 
The contractor shall connect the new sewer to existing facilities, existing sewers to new facilities and house service connections into interceptor or collector lines between manholes. Unless otherwise directed by the Township, all house service lines shall be four-inch sewer pipe.
B. 
The contractor will be required to make provisions for handling sewage flow while connections are being made. The contractor shall submit in writing an operational schedule showing the exact procedure to be followed for major connections. The contractor shall receive approval of the procedures from the Township prior to the commencement of the work.
A. 
The contractor shall furnish all equipment and labor necessary to conduct testing as specified herein. Tests for watertightness of sewers shall be made in the presence of and in the manner approved by the Township. Tests shall be made of short sections of the sewer as soon as the manholes have been constructed and backfill has been completed. Where the section tested indicates a loss in excess of the allowable amount, the contractor shall correct the work so that the retest is within the allowable limit.
B. 
Gravity sewer testing shall conform to the requirements set forth below under Subsection B(1), Water test for leakage, or Subsection B(2), Air test for leakage.
(1) 
Water test for leakage. Infiltration into the completed sewer, including connections, manholes and structures, shall not exceed 50 gallons per inch of diameter per mile of sewer per twenty-four-hour period when field tested by actual infiltration conditions. If exfiltration testing is required or deemed necessary, the sewer shall test equally well, except that an allowance of an additional 10% of gallonage shall be permitted for each additional two-foot head over a basic two-foot minimum internal head. The pipe under test shall be filled with water to a level two feet above the top of the upper pipe. The test water shall remain in the manhole a sufficient time for absorption before starting the test. Duration of the test shall be four hours.
(2) 
Air test for leakage. The sewer line shall be sealed at each end. The seal at one end shall have an orifice through which to pass air into the pipe. An air supply shall be connected to the orifice at one end of the line. The air supply line will contain an on-off valve and a pressure gauge having a range of from 0 to 5 psi. The gauge shall have minimum divisions of 10 psi and shall have an accuracy of +/- 0.04 psi. The seals at each manhole shall be properly blocked to prevent displacement while the line is under pressure. The pipeline under test shall be pressurized to four pounds per square inch gauge (psig). The line shall be allowed to stabilize between four psig and 3.5 psig for a period of no less than five minutes. If necessary, air should be added to the line to maintain the pressure above 3.5 psig. After the stabilization period, the valve shall be closed. When the line pressure drops to 3.5 psig, timing with a stopwatch shall commence. The stopwatch shall run until such time as the line pressure drops to 2.5 psig, at which time the watch shall be stopped and the time lapse compared with the allowable time lapse specified herein. If the time lapse is greater than that specified, the section undergoing test shall have passed and the test may be discontinued at that time. If the time is less than that specified, the line has not passed the test, and the contractor shall prepare the line for retest.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See Schedule B, Minimum Holding Time Required for Pressure to Drop from 3 1/2 to 2 1/2 psig, located at the end of this chapter.
The contractor shall furnish and install a detectable identifying tape in all trenches where nonmetallic pipe is used. The identifying tape shall be made of polyethylene tape, bonded to a metalized foil, and shall be highly resistant to alkaloids, acids or other destructive chemical components likely to be encountered in soils. The tape shall be three inches wide, shall be brightly colored to contrast with soil and bear an imprint identifying the type of line buried below. The tape shall be placed approximately 18 inches below the finished grade and turned up at the capped end of house service laterals with 12 inches of the tape extending above the surface to act as flagging for visually locating the lateral.