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Township of North Codorus, PA
York County
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The purpose of this article is to develop standards for the provision of off-street parking and loading facilities for all uses including the size, quality, location and design of these facilities. Furthermore, the standards in the chapter complement the design criteria set forth in the Township SALDO.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 165, Subdivision and Land Development.
A. 
Standard spaces. The parking space shall have an area of not less than 200 square feet and a minimum of nine feet wide by 18 feet deep.
B. 
Handicapped spaces. Handicapped parking spaces shall meet the requirements of federal standards published to carry out the Americans with Disabilities Act.
A. 
Off-street parking spaces shall be provided for each building erected or enlarged in accordance with the following schedule and requirements set forth in Article IV, Use Regulations. Spaces shall be on the same lot as the use unless authorized in accordance with § 195-46.
B. 
Uses not specifically listed shall comply with the requirements for the most similar use listed, unless the applicant provides information that proves to the satisfaction of the Zoning Officer that an alternative standard is applicable.
C. 
Where a proposed building and/or use include(s) more than one type of use, the number of parking spaces shall be the sum of the parking requirements for each separate use.
D. 
For industrial, wholesale and warehousing establishments, the Zoning Hearing Board may authorize a reduction of the number and size of paved off-street parking spaces as a special exception in cases where the applicant can justify a reduction and still provide adequate parking facilities to serve the proposed uses of the building and/or land and show reserved areas for expansion of the paved parking for future uses.
E. 
Minimum off-street parking space requirements:
Type of Use
Minimum Number of Spaces
Agricultural uses
1 space for each employee
Residential uses: (a garage space and a driveway space in front of a garage may be counted together as 2 spaces provided they serve the same dwelling unit)
Single- and two-family dwelling units
2 spaces for each unit. A 3rd parking space per unit shall be required to be provided within the development if it cannot be accommodated through on-street parking
Multifamily units (includes townhouses)
1.5 spaces for each one-bedroom unit; 2 spaces for each 2- or more bedroom unit. A 3rd parking space per dwelling unit shall be required to be provided in the development if it cannot be accommodated through on-street parking
Bed-and-breakfast/rooming house
2 spaces for each dwelling unit, plus 1 space for each guest sleeping room
Group home
1 space for each employee, plus 1 space for every 2 adult beds
Public and institutional uses:
Auditorium, house of worship, theater and other places of public assembly
1 space for every 3.5 seats, plus 1 space for every employee
Cemetery
1 space per full-time employee
Community building
1 space for every 250 square feet of gross floor area
Hospital
1 space per 4 beds, plus 1 space per 1.2 employees on the largest shift, plus 1 space per hospital vehicle
Library
1 space for 5 seats or 1 space for every 500 square feet of gross floor area, where no seats provided
Nursing home
1 space per 6 beds based on design capacity, plus 1 space per each 2 employees on the largest shift
Schools, elementary
1 space for every 10 students based on design capacity plus 1 space per classroom
Schools, secondary
1 space for every 3 students age 16 or older based on design capacity plus 1 space per classroom
Vocational training and adult educational facilities
1 space for every 1.5 students based on design capacity plus 1 space per classroom
Commercial/office uses:
Auction house
1 space for every 2 seats of design capacity
Day-care center
1 space for every 1.5 employee plus 1 space for every 20 children on-site at peak times
Food markets and convenience stores
1 space per 200 square feet of floor area for public use plus 1 space per each employee on the largest shift
Funeral home
1 space for each 4 seats provided for patron use in the largest room plus 1 additional space for each full-time employee and each vehicle maintained on the premises
Hotel/motel
1 space per guest room plus 1 for each employee on the largest shift; spaces associated with restaurants and meeting rooms shall be in addition to these requirements
Business, financial, professional, or public service office building
1 space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area, plus 1 space for every 2 full-time employees
Kennel
1 space for every 20 animals of capacity, plus 1 space for each employee on the largest shift
Outpatient medical facilities
4 spaces per doctor plus 1 space for each on-duty employee on the largest shift
Restaurant
1 space for every 4 seats of design capacity or 1 space for every 50 square feet of gross floor area, whichever is larger; plus 1 space for every 2 employees on the largest shift
Retail store or personal service business
1 space for each 200 square feet of gross floor area that is accessible to customers, plus 1 space for each 1.2 employees on the largest shift
Riding academy and horse stable
1 space for each 5 horse stalls
Retail sales of agricultural products
1 space per 100 square feet of floor area for publicly accessible sales area plus 1 space per each employee on the largest shift
Shopping centers
4 spaces for every 1,000 square feet of gross leasable floor area
Vehicle sales
1 space for each 400 square feet of gross building floor area, plus 1 space for each 20 vehicles in the outside sales area, plus 1 additional space for each employee working at peak periods
Vehicle repair, service and gasoline station
3 spaces for each service bay or area, plus 1 space for each full-time employee on the largest shift
Vehicle washing facility
Space for vehicles waiting to be washed in front of wash bays, plus 1 space per 2 employees
Veterinary office
5 spaces per doctor, plus 1 space for each on-duty employee on the largest shift
Industrial uses:
Industrial or warehousing
3 spaces for every 4 employees on the largest shift, plus 1 space for each company vehicle normally stored on the premises
Recreation uses:
Athletic field or outdoor recreational facilities
1 space for every 5 spectator seats; however, if no spectator seating, a parking ratio of 1 space for every 4 spectators or participants based on design capacity; temporary parking facilities shall be delineated by a temporary barrier
Billiard room
3 spaces per table and 1 space per 2 employees
Bowling alley
2 spaces for each lane plus 1 space per 2 employees
Campgrounds and facilities
1 space for each campsite; plus 1 space for each employee, plus 50% of the spaces normally required for accessory uses to the campground
Clubs or lodges
1 space for every 5 persons of capacity of the largest room or a least 1 space for each 50 square feet of gross floor area for use to serve members and/or guests, whichever is greater, plus 1 space for each full-time employee
Golf course
4 spaces per hole, plus 1 space for each employee, plus 50% of the spaces normally required for uses accessory to the golf course
Nonspecified indoor recreation facilities
1 space for every 100 square feet of gross floor area
Tennis courts
2 spaces for each court
Transportation uses:
Airport and/or landing strip
1 space for every 10 aircraft stored on site
Railroad and/or bus passenger depot
1 space for every 4 seats for waiting passengers
A. 
The minimum off-street parking requirements may be reduced upon application for a special exception to be approved by the Zoning Hearing Board.
B. 
The following conditions must be satisfied to be granted the special exception:
(1) 
The zoning site plan or land development plan shows all required spaces, accessways and buffer areas.
(2) 
The zoning site plan or land development plan shows the spaces proposed not to be built.
(3) 
Satisfactory documentation is submitted attesting to the reduced need for off-street parking.
(4) 
The developer enters into an agreement and executes a performance bond to construct the waived space, when, in the opinion of the Board of Supervisors, such additional parking is deemed necessary. The performance bond and agreement shall terminate after five years.
A. 
Joint parking facilities shall be allowed only in the VC, HC and I Districts.
B. 
Joint parking facilities shall be allowed subject to the following requirements:
(1) 
The nearest point of the parking lot shall be no further distance to the nearest point of the property served as provided below:
(a) 
Residential use: 100 feet.
(b) 
Commercial use: 200 feet (other than employee parking).
(c) 
Employee parking for any use, or parking for an industrial use: 300 feet.
(2) 
The required parking shall be not less than the total required separately for each use with the following exceptions:
(a) 
Where it shall be demonstrated that the uses are utilizing the lot at different peak periods of the day, the Zoning Hearing Board, as a special exception, may approve a reduction to be granted for the total number of parking spaces. The required number of spaces shall be based on evidence presented to the Zoning Hearing Board about the peak hours of demand.
(b) 
To encourage joint use of facilities in areas of contiguous commercial development fronting on an arterial street as designated in the Township Comprehensive Plan, a parking reduction of 10% may be granted in those areas which demonstrate safe and convenient walking distance between uses and meet the criteria in Subsection B(1) above.
(c) 
The parking area must remain under the control of the owner or operator of the use to which the parking area is appurtenant and shall be recorded as a deed restriction filed with the County Recorder of Deeds to maintain the required number of spaces available throughout the life of the use.
A. 
Layout of the parking facilities. The general design standards complement the parking lot design standards set forth in the Township SALDO.
(1) 
Every parking lot shall be connected to a street by means of an unobstructed driveway or access drive.
(2) 
Parking lots shall be designed so that each motor vehicle may proceed to and from the parking space without requiring the moving of any other motor vehicle and without backing onto any public street. However, for two parking spaces that serve the same dwelling unit, one parking space may be required to be moved in order to move one other parking space (such as a driveway space in front of a garage). In addition, parking spaces may be approved by the Zoning Officer to back out onto an alley.
(3) 
Parking areas shall not be within any of the following: a required buffer yard and a future or existing street, unless otherwise stipulated in Article III, District Regulations, or Article IV, Use Regulations, of this chapter.
(4) 
No parking or other paved area shall be located within 10 feet of an on-lot wastewater system absorption area.
(5) 
All parking areas shall include clearly defined and marked traffic patterns. In any lot with more than 30 off-street parking spaces, raised curbs and landscaped areas shall be used to direct traffic within the lot. Major vehicular routes shall be separated from major pedestrian routes.
(6) 
Parking spaces that are accessible for persons with disabilities shall be designed in conformance with the federal regulations that carry out the Americans with Disabilities Act, as amended. As of 2013, the following numbers of accessible spaces were required:
Total No. of Parking Spaces on the Lot
Required Minimum Number/Percent of ADA-Accessible Parking Spaces
1 to 25
1 van-accessible
26 to 50
2, 1 of which must be van-accessible
51 to 75
3, 1 of which must be van-accessible
76 to 100
4, 1 of which must be van-accessible
101 to 150
5, 1 of which must be van-accessible
151 to 200
6, 1 of which must be van-accessible
201 to 300
7, 1 of which must be van-accessible
301 to 400
8, 1 of which must be van-accessible
401 to 500
9, 2 of which must be van-accessible
501 to 1,000
2% of total number of spaces, 1/8 of which must be van-accessible
1,001 or more
20 plus 1% of spaces for each 100 over 1,000 spaces, 1/8 of which must be van-accessible
(a) 
Location. Handicapped parking spaces shall be located where they would result in the shortest reasonable accessible distance to a handicapped-accessible building entrance. Curb cuts shall be provided as needed to provide access from the handicapped spaces.
(b) 
Minimum size and slope. See requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act regulations.
(c) 
Marking. All required handicapped spaces shall be well-marked in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. Such signs and/or markings shall be maintained over time.
(d) 
Paving. Handicapped parking spaces and adjacent areas needed to access them with a wheelchair shall be covered with a smooth surface that is usable with a wheelchair.
(7) 
Setback requirements:
(a) 
All parking lots shall be set back from any street line in conformance with the applicable building setback requirements and in compliance with additional setback requirements set forth in the North Codorus SALDO.
(b) 
All off-street parking shall be set back 10 feet from the principal structure, except at garage entrances, and except where parking is approved to be shared across lot lines.
(c) 
All off-street parking shall be set back 10 feet from the side or rear lot line, except for townhouses, and except where parking is approved to be shared across lot lines.
(d) 
When the parking lot abuts a residential use or zone, a five-foot buffer area shall be provided contiguous to the property line of the residential use or district in addition to the required setback, unless a more restrictive requirement is established by the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 165, Subdivision and Land Development.
B. 
Landscaping of the parking facilities.
(1) 
Primarily evergreen screen plantings shall be provided when a parking lot abuts a residential use or district or provides space for more than five motor vehicles as defined in this chapter and the Township SALDO.[2]
[2]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 165, Subdivision and Land Development.
(2) 
Interior landscaping shall be provided for any parking area of 1/2 acre or larger. Such landscaping shall meet the following requirements and design requirements set forth in the Township SALDO:
(a) 
At least 5% of the total area of the interior of the parking lot shall be devoted to plant landscaping. However, for industrial parking areas that will not be directly visible from a street, such landscaped area may be moved to more visible portions of the lot.
(b) 
Landscaped areas situated outside the parking lot, such as the lawn area and areas surrounding the building, shall not constitute interior landscaping.
(c) 
The area of the parking lot shall be calculated to include all areas within the perimeter of the lot, such as parking spaces, access drives, aisles, islands, and curbed areas.
All driveways, access drives, and entranceways shall be graded, surfaced, and drained to the satisfaction of the Township Engineer and within the parameters established in the Township SALDO to the extent necessary to prevent nuisances of dust, erosion, or excessive water flow across streets or adjoining property. See also the Township Stormwater Management Ordinance.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See Ch. 158, Stormwater Management.
A. 
All public parking shall be adequately lit during evening operating hours.
B. 
All light standards shall be located on raised parking islands and not on the parking surface, unless another method is approved to reduce the risk of vehicles hitting light standards.
C. 
Lighting shall be arranged and shielded so the direct rays from the luminaries shall not fall off-site on adjacent properties.
A. 
Off-street loading berths, open or enclosed, are permitted accessory to any use other than residential and subject to the following minimum provisions:
(1) 
Each use shall provide off-street loading facilities sufficient to accommodate the maximum demand generated by the use.
(2) 
The applicant shall provide evidence at the time of land development to demonstrate sufficient numbers of loading spaces are being provided. The following criteria shall apply:
(a) 
Funeral homes shall provide one loading space for a gross floor area of 3,000 to 5,000 square feet and one additional space for each 5,000 square feet in excess of 5,000 square feet.
(b) 
Licensed hospitals and other institutions shall provide one loading space for a gross floor area of 10,000 square feet to 100,000 square feet and one additional space for each 100,000 square feet in excess of 100,000 square feet.
(c) 
Manufacturing, storage, display or sale of goods uses shall provide one loading space for a gross floor area of 5,000 to 25,000 square feet and one additional space for each 10,000 square feet in excess of 25,000 square feet.
(d) 
Offices, hotels, theaters and similar uses shall provide one space for a gross floor area from 20,000 to 100,000 square feet and one additional space for each 40,000 square feet of gross floor area in excess of 100,000 square feet.
B. 
Design and layout of loading facilities.
(1) 
Each required space/berth shall not be less than 12 feet in width, 45 feet in length, and 14 feet in height, exclusive of drives and maneuvering space and located entirely on the lot being served.
(2) 
The maximum width of access drives and sidewalk openings, measured at the street line, shall be 35 feet; the minimum width shall be 20 feet.
(3) 
Each space shall have sufficient maneuvering room to avoid conflicts with parking and traffic movements within and outside of the lot.
(4) 
The loading facilities shall be designed subject to the same drainage, setback, and lighting requirements set forth for the parking facilities in this chapter and requirements of the Township SALDO.
(5) 
All off-street loading areas shall be screened from any abutting residential use or district and any public street or pedestrian walkway in accordance with this chapter and the Township SALDO.