Joints and connections in the plumbing system shall be gas tight and watertight for the pressure required by test, with the exception of those portions of perforated or open joint piping which are installed for the purpose of collecting and conveying ground or seepage water to the underground storm drains.
The use of cement, concrete, mastic, hot pour bituminous or other materials not conforming to § 860-90 is prohibited. Connections made by inserting a smaller diameter pipe into the bore of a larger diameter pipe are prohibited. (See also § 860-93I.) There shall be no penetration beyond the depth provided in the transition fitting.
A. 
Brazed or welded. Every brazed or welded joint shall be made by first cleaning down to the base metal the surfaces to be welded or brazed, applying flux approved for such joints and making the joint with approved brazing alloy. Brazed or welded joints are not permitted on drainage waste and vent systems, except where specifically approved by the Administrative Authority.
B. 
Burned lead. Every burned (welded) lead joint shall be lapped and the lead shall be fused together to form a uniform weld at least as thick as the lead being joined.
A. 
Cast iron soil pipe. Every lead caulked joint for cast iron bell and spigot soil pipe shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp and filled with molten lead not less than one inch deep and not to extend more than 1/8 inch below the rim of the hub. As an alternate to the lead and oakum joint, approved compression gaskets, compressed when the spigot is inserted into the hub of the pipe may be used. No paint, varnish, or other coating shall be permitted on the joining material until after the joint has been tested and approved. Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight.
B. 
Cast iron water pipe.
(1) 
Every lead caulked joint for cast iron bell and spigot water pipe shall be firmly packed with clean, sound asbestos rope or treated paper rope. The remaining space in the hub shall be filled with molten lead according to the following schedule:
Pipe Size
(inches)
Depth of Lead
(inches)
Up to 20
2 1/4
24, 30, 36
2 1/2
Larger than 36
3
(2) 
Lead shall be run in one pouring and shall be caulked tight.
Every threaded joint shall conform to American National Taper Pipe Thread U.S.A.S.1. B2.1-1960 or FS GGG-P-351a. All burrs shall be removed. Pipe ends shall be reamed or filed out to size of bore, and all chips shall be removed. Pipe joint cement or paint shall be used only on male threads. Approved teflon tape may be used in lieu of pipe joint cement or paint.
Every soldered or sweat joint for tubing shall be made with approved fittings. Surfaces to be soldered or sweated shall be cleaned. The joints shall be properly fluxed and made with approved solder. Joints in copper water tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of approved brass or wrought copper water fittings, properly sweated or soldered together.
A. 
The joining of potable water supply piping shall be made with lead-free solder and fluxes. Lead free shall mean a chemical composition equal to or less than 0.2 percent lead.
B. 
Solder paste and flux used for joining potable water piping shall conform to ASTM Standard B-813.
Every union shall have metal to metal ground seats and their material shall conform to the type of piping in which they are installed. No unions will be permitted in the drainage, waste, or vent systems.
Every flared joint for soft copper water tubing shall be made with fittings meeting approved standards. The tubing shall be expanded with a proper flaring tool.
Precast collars shall be formed on the spigot and in the bell of the pipe in advance of use. Materials shall be resistant to both acids and alkalies, and precast joints shall conform in all respects to the requirements of the latest appropriate standards for the type of material used.
Hot poured compound for clay or concrete sewer pipe or other material shall not be water absorbent and, when poured against a dry surface, shall have a bond of not less than 100 psi. All surfaces of the joint shall be cleaned and dried before pouring. If wet surfaces are unavoidable, a suitable primer shall be applied. The compound shall not soften sufficiently to destroy the effectiveness of the joint when subjected to a temperature of 160° F., nor be soluble in any way of the waste carried by the drainage system. Approximately 25% of the joint space at the base of the socket shall be filled with jute or hemp. A pouring collar, rope or other device shall be used to hold the hot compound until the joint is filled. Joints shall not be tested until one hour after pouring. Dewits Number 10 Compound can be used as a transition joint between the house drain and the house sewer.
Except for repairs and connections to existing lines constructed with such joints, or where specifically approved by the Administrative Authority, cement mortar joints are prohibited on building drains or sewers. Where permitted, cement mortar joints shall be made in the following manner: A layer of jute or hemp shall be inserted into the base of the annular joint space and packed tightly to prevent mortar from entering the interior of the pipe or fitting. Not more than 25% of the annular space shall be used for jute or hemp. The remaining space shall be filled in one continuous operation with a thoroughly mixed mortar composed of one part cement and two parts sand, with only sufficient water to make the mixture workable by hand. Additional mortar of the same composition shall then be applied to form a one to one slope with the barrel of the pipe. The bell or hub of the pipe shall be left exposed and, when necessary, the interior of the pipe shall be swabbed to remove any mortar or other material which may have found its way into such pipe.
Every joint in plastic piping shall be made with approved fittings by either solvent welded or fusion welded connections, approved integral bell gasketed joints, approved insert fitting and metal clamps and screws of corrosion resistant material, threaded joints, or approved flared joints according to accepted standards of approval. Solvent welded joints shall conform to applicable standards for each type plastic.
A. 
Asbestos cement. Joints in asbestos cement pipe shall be made with a sleeve coupling of the same composition as the pipe or of other approved materials, and sealed with rubber rings or joined by an approved type compression coupling. Joints between asbestos cement pipe and other approved pipe shall be made by means of an approved adapter coupling.
B. 
Bituminized fiber pipe joints. Joints of bituminized pipe shall be made with tapered type couplings or fittings of the same material as the pipe. Joints between bituminous fiber pipe and other approved pipe shall be made by means of an approved adapter coupling.
C. 
Cast iron water pipe. Every mechanical joint in cast iron water pipe shall be made with a flanged collar, rubber ring gasket, and appropriate number of securing bolts or with a preformed molded ring, secured by pulling the pipe together in such a way as to compress the molded ring.
D. 
Cast iron soil pipe (Hubless). Hubless Pipe: Joints for hubless cast iron soil pipe and fittings shall be made with an approved elastomeric sealing sleeve and stainless steel clamp, clamping screw and housing.
E. 
Clay pipe. Flexible joints between lengths of clay pipe shall be made using approved resilient materials both on the spigot end and in the bell end of the pipe.
F. 
Concrete pipe. Flexible joints between lengths of concrete pipe shall be made using approved elastomeric materials both on the spigot end and in the bell end of the pipe. For plain end see ASTM C-594; for bell and spigot see ASTM C-425.
G. 
High silicon content cast iron plain end pipe. Joints in high silicon content cast iron plain end pipe shall be of the mechanical type using a stainless-steel coupling with approved type sealant compression gasket material.
H. 
Glass pipe. Joints in glass pipe shall be of the mechanical type using a stainless steel mechanical coupling with approved type sealant compression gasket material.
I. 
Epoxy resin plastic pipe. Joints in epoxy resin type pipe shall be of the mechanical type using a stainless steel mechanical coupling with approved type sealant compression gasket material, or with approved threaded joints.
J. 
Slip. Every slip joint shall be made using approved packing or gasket material or approved ground joint brass compression rings. Ground joint brass connections, which allow adjustment of tubing, but provide a rigid joint when made up, shall not be considered as slip joints.
K. 
Flexible couplings.
(1) 
Couplings of this type consist of bolted sleeves or clamps with approved rubber rings, and the pipe and fittings are grooved or otherwise locked to prevent leaks or excessive movement.
(2) 
Couplings shall be self-centering and shall engage and lock in place the grooved or shouldered pipe and pipe fitting ends in a positive water tight couple.
(3) 
Coupling housing clamps shall be fabricated in two or more parts of malleable iron castings, in accordance with Federal Specifications QQ-1-666c, Grade 11. Housing clamps shall hold in place a composition water-sealing gasket designed so that internal pressure serves to increase the seal's water-tightness. Water-sealing gasket shall be of molded synthetic rubber in accordance with ASTM D-735-61, Grade No. R615BZ.
(4) 
Coupling assembly shall be securely held together by two or more track-head, square or oval-neck, steel bolts. Bolts and nuts shall be heat-treated carbon steel and shall be in accordance with ASTM A-183-60.
(5) 
All pipe fittings used in connection with pipe couplings shall have grooved or shouldered ends and shall be fabricated of malleable iron castings in accordance with Federal Specification QQ-1-666c, Grade 11.
(6) 
Where approved: Flexible or mechanical type coupling and fittings may be used in the following piping systems:
(a) 
Conductors and roof drains above ground. Flexible type couplings and fittings may be used in lieu of screwed joints and cast iron type screwed fittings on Schedule 40, steel pipe. All pipe, fittings and flexible type couplings shall be galvanized.
(b) 
Water distribution piping, inside building. Flexible couplings and fittings may be used in lieu of screwed joints and screwed fittings on Schedule 40, steel pipe. All pipe, fittings and flexible type couplings shall be galvanized.
A. 
ABS or PVC plastic DWV to other approved material. When connecting Plastic DWV to other approved types of piping, use only approved types of fittings and adaptor designed for the specific transition intended. Different piping material having the same outside diameter may be joined with approved elastomeric sealing couplings. Where the outside diameters are different the elastomeric type sealing couplings must provide for the different O.D.'s in the sealing mechanism or a proper transition fitting will be required (See Article V, § 860-68 for approved types of compression sealing couplings).
B. 
Cast iron to copper tubing. Every joint between cast iron and copper tubing shall be made by using a brass ferrule inserted in the hub of the cast iron pipe and caulked with lead. The copper pipe shall be attached to the ferrule by sweating or soldering.
C. 
Cast iron to vitrified clay. Every joint between cast iron piping and vitrified clay piping shall be made either of hot poured bitumastic compound or by a preformed bituminous ring. This ring shall, after ramming, completely fill the annular space between the cast iron spigot and the vitrified clay hub. (See § 860-93I.)
D. 
Copper tubing to threaded pipe joints. Every joint from copper tubing to threaded pipe shall be made by the use of brass converter fittings. The joint between the copper pipe and the fitting shall be properly sweated or soldered, and the connection between the threaded pipe and the fitting shall be made with a standard pipe size screw joint.
E. 
Lead to cast iron, wrought iron or steel. Every joint between lead and cast iron, wrought iron, or steel pipe shall be made by means of a caulking ferrule, soldering nipple, bushing, or by means of a mechanical adapter.
F. 
Threaded pipe to cast iron. Every joint between wrought iron, steel, or brass and cast iron pipe shall be either caulked or threaded or shall be made with approved adapter fittings.
G. 
Glass pipe to other accepted special waste piping. Every joint between glass pipe and any other accepted special drain line material shall be made with approved fittings.
H. 
Epoxy resin pipe to other accepted special waste piping. Every joint between epoxy resin pipe and any other accepted special drain line material shall be made with approved adapter fittings.
I. 
Flexible transition joints in sewer pipe material. All transition joints in sewers between similar or dissimilar materials of equal or unequal size shall be made water and gas tight by means of an approved transition fitting, connector or adapter of the compression or mechanical seal type. The connector or adapter shall be manufactured of preformed elastomeric material conforming to the applicable sections of ASTM Standards C-425, C-564 and D-1869. Couplings of the mechanical seal type shall have tightening clamps or devices made of 305 stainless steel. The compression joint connector or adapter and flexible coupling shall be installed as recommended and specified by the manufacturer, and each connector shall bear the manufacturer's name clearly visible when installed. (See Article V, § 860-68 for approved types.)
Every connection between drainage pipes and water closets, (whether floor outlet or wall outlet) existing floor outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and earthenware trap standards shall be made of brass, copper, iron or plastic flanges, caulked, soldered, screwed or solvent welded to the drainage pipe. The connection shall be bolted with an approved gasket or washer or setting compound such as wax or graphite ring between the earthenware and the connection. The floor flange shall be fastened to a structurally firm base. (The use of commercial putty or plaster is prohibited.)
A. 
Joints at the roof, around vent pipes, shall be made watertight by the use of lead, copper, aluminum or, other approved flashings or flashing material. Exterior wall openings shall be made watertight.
B. 
Floor drains installed above the basement floor with useable space below, shall be waterproofed with approved flashing material. The flashing material shall be securely fastened to the waste outlet at the seepage entrance making a watertight joint between the flashing material and the floor drain. Flashing material shall extend a minimum of 18 inches from the center of the floor drain.
Every expansion joint shall be of approved type and its material shall conform with the type of piping in which it is installed.