When any roadway has been divided into lanes,
a driver of a vehicle shall drive so as to be entirely within a single
lane and shall not move from the lane in which he is driving until
he has first ascertained if such movement can be made with safety.
At all times, except when passing another vehicle,
the driver of a vehicle shall keep to the right of the middle of the
traveled part of the way.
A vehicle moving slowly shall keep as close
as possible to the right-hand curb.
A vehicle overtaking another vehicle shall,
in passing, keep to the left.
The driver of a vehicle shall not overtake and
pass a vehicle proceeding in the same direction unless there is sufficient
clear space ahead on the right side of the roadway to permit the overtaking
to be completed without impeding the safe operation of any vehicle
ahead.
The driver of a vehicle shall give an audible
warning with his horn or other suitable warning device whenever necessary
to ensure safe operating.
A. No person shall drive in such a manner as to obstruct
unnecessarily the normal movement of traffic upon any street or highway.
Officers are hereby authorized to require any driver who fails to
comply with this section to drive to the side of the roadway and wait
until such traffic as has been delayed has passed.
B. No driver shall enter an intersection or a marked
crosswalk unless there is sufficient space on the other side of the
intersection or crosswalk and on the right half of the roadway to
accommodate the vehicle he is operating without obstructing the passage
of other vehicles or pedestrians notwithstanding any traffic control
indication to proceed.
The driver of a vehicle shall not follow another
vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard
to the speed of such vehicle and the traffic upon and condition of
the street or highway.
It shall be unlawful for any person traveling
upon a bicycle, motorcycle, coaster, sled, roller skates, or any toy
vehicle to cling to, or attach himself or his vehicle to any moving
vehicle or street car upon any roadway.
A. The driver of any vehicle before starting, stopping,
turning from a direct line or backing shall first see that such movement
can be made in safety. If such movement cannot be made in safety or
if it interferes unduly with the normal movement of other traffic,
such driver shall wait for a more favorable opportunity to make such
movement.
B. If the operation of another vehicle should be affected,
by a stopping or turning movement, the driver of such other vehicle
shall be given a plainly visible signal, as required by statute law.
The operator of a vehicle emerging from an alley,
driveway or a garage shall stop such vehicle immediately prior to
driving onto a sidewalk or onto the sidewalk area extending across
alleyway or driveway.
A. Colors and arrow indications in traffic-control signals
shall have the commands ascribed to them in this section, and no other
meanings, and every driver of a vehicle, railway car or other conveyance
shall comply therewith, except when otherwise directed by an officer
or by a lawful traffic regulating sign (other than a stop sign) signal
or device.
B. In no case shall a driver enter or proceed through
an intersection without due regard to the safety of other persons
within the intersection regardless of what indications may be given
by traffic control signals.
(1) Green indications shall have the following meanings:
(a)
Drivers facing a circular green may proceed
straight through or turn right or left unless a sign at such place
prohibits either such turn. But drivers turning right or left shall
yield the right-of-way to other vehicles and to pedestrians lawfully
within the intersection or an adjacent crosswalk at the time such
signal is exhibited.
(b)
Drivers facing a green arrow, shown alone or
in combination with another indication, may cautiously enter the intersection
only to make the movement indicated by such arrow, or such other movement
as is permitted by other indications shown at the same time. Such
drivers shall yield the right-of-way to pedestrians lawfully within
an adjacent crosswalk and to other traffic lawfully using the intersection.
(2) Steady yellow indications have the following meanings:
(a)
Drivers facing a steady circular yellow or yellow
arrow signal are thereby warned that the related green movement is
being terminated or that a red indication will be exhibited immediately
thereafter when drivers shall not enter the intersection.
(3) Steady red indications shall have the following meanings:
(a)
Red. Traffic facing a steady circular red signal
alone shall stop at a clearly marked stop line or, if none, before
entering the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection or, if
none, then before entering the intersection and shall remain standing
until an indication to proceed is shown except as allowed by MGL c.
89, § 8.
(b)
No driver of a vehicle facing a circular red
signal indication shall make a right turn where official traffic signs
are installed and maintained prohibiting such turn.
[Amended 1-19-1981; 3-20-1986; 8-16-1990; 6-20-1991; 10-17-1991; 12-7-1995; 12-18-1997; 8-20-1998]
Intersection
|
Street
|
Direction of Travel
|
No Right Turn on Red (RTOR) On To
|
---|
Bridge Road (westbound) and Cooke Avenue
|
Bridge Road
|
Westerly
|
Cooke Avenue
|
Bridge Road, Cooke Avenue, Jackson Street
|
Jackson Street
|
Northerly
|
Bridge Road
|
Bridge Street, Market Street, Main Street, Hawley
Street
|
Bridge Street
|
Westerly
|
Market Street
|
King Street - Entrance to Kingsgate Plaza
|
King Street
|
Southerly
|
Kingsgate Plaza
|
King Street southerly entrance to Pot Pourri
Mall
|
King Street
|
Northerly
|
Pot Pourri Mall
|
King Street, Main Street, Pleasant Street
|
Main Street
|
North-
easterly
|
Pleasant Street
|
|
Main Street
|
South-
westerly
|
King Street
|
|
Pleasant Street
|
North-
westerly
|
Main Street
|
|
King Street
|
South-
easterly
|
Main Street
|
Main Street, New South Street, State Street
|
Main Street
|
Westerly
|
State Street
|
Main Street (Florence), Maple Street, North
Main Street, North Maple Street
|
Main Street
|
Westerly
|
North Maple Street
|
|
North Main Street
|
Easterly
|
Maple Street
|
|
North Maple Street
|
Southerly
|
North Main Street
|
|
Maple Street
|
Northerly
|
Main Street
|
Main Street (Florence), Chestnut Street
|
Main Street
|
Easterly
|
Chestnut Street
|
|
Main Street
|
Westerly
|
Chestnut Street
|
|
Chestnut Street
|
Southerly
|
Main Street
|
|
Chestnut Street
|
Northerly
|
Main Street
|
North Elm Street (westbound) and North Elm Street
|
North Elm Street
|
Westerly
|
North Elm Street
|
Old South Street and Conz Street
|
Old South Street
|
Easterly
|
Conz Street
|
Old South Street and Conz Street
|
Old South Street
|
Southerly
|
Old South Street
|
Village Hill Road and Prince Street [Added 12-3-2009]
|
Village Hill Road
|
Southerly
|
Prince Street
|
(c)
Drivers facing a steady red arrow indication
may not enter the intersection to make the movement indicated by such
arrow, and unless entering the intersection to make such other movement
as is permitted by other indications shown at the same time, shall
stop at a clearly marked stop line but, if none, before entering the
crosswalk on the near side of the intersection or, if none, then before
entering the intersection and shall remain standing until an indication
to make the movement indicated by such arrow is shown.
(4) Red and yellow indication shall have the following
meanings: While the red and yellow lenses are illuminated together,
drivers shall not enter the intersection, and during such time the
intersection shall be reserved for the exclusive use of pedestrians.
(5) Flashing signal indications shall have the following
meanings:
(a)
Flashing red (stop signal). When a red lens
is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, drivers of vehicles
shall stop at a clearly marked stop line, but if none, before entering
the crosswalk on the near side of the intersection, or if none, then
at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has
a view of approaching traffic on the intersecting roadway before entering
the intersection, and the right to proceed shall be subject to the
provisions of MGL c. 89, § 8.
(b)
Flashing yellow (caution signal). When a yellow
lens is illuminated with rapid intermittent flashes, drivers of vehicles
may proceed through the intersection or past such signal only with
caution.
No operator shall back or turn a vehicle so
as to proceed in the direction opposite to that in which such vehicle
is headed or traveling on the following streets:
Name of Street
|
Direction of Travel
|
At Intersection of
|
---|
North Elm Street (Route 9) [Added 1-20-2022 by Ord. No. 22.004]
|
Northwest
|
Elm Street
|
A. Every driver of a vehicle, railway car or other conveyance approaching an intersection of ways where there exists facing him an official sign bearing the word "STOP" or a flashing red signal indication, such signs or signals having, apart from these rules and orders, the written approval of the Department of Public Works, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and such approval being in effect, shall, before proceeding through the intersection, bring such vehicle, railway car or other conveyance to a complete stop at such point as may be clearly marked by a sign or line, or, if a point is not so marked, then at the nearer line of crosswalk of the intersection. This section shall not apply when the traffic is otherwise directed by an officer or by a lawful traffic-regulating sign, signal, or device or as provided in Subsection
C of §
312-73. In accordance with the foregoing, the streets listed in Schedule XII, §
312-113, of these rules and orders are hereby declared to constitute isolated stop streets or flashing red signal intersections as the case may be, and such Schedule XII is hereby specifically incorporated in this section.
[Amended 2-1-2007]
B. That part of King Street between Main Street and the
northerly side of Damon Road is hereby designated as a through way
under MGL c. 89, § 9.
C. Bridge Road from North King Street to North Main Street,
Florence, is hereby designated as a through way under MGL c. 89, § 9.
D. Every driver of a vehicle or other conveyance approaching
an intersection of ways, where there exists facing him an official
sign bearing the word "YIELD", said sign having been erected in accordance
with the written approval of the Department of Public Works of the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts and such approval being in effect shall
surrender to oncoming traffic his right to enter the intersection
until such time as he has brought his vehicle or other conveyance
to a complete stop at a point between the said yield sign and the
nearer line of the street intersection; provided, however, that this
requirement to stop before entering the intersection shall not apply
when a driver approaching a yield sign can enter the intersection
in safety without causing interference to approaching traffic.
[Added 9-18-1986; amended 11-6-1986]
(1) This section shall not apply when the traffic is otherwise directed by an officer or by a lawful traffic regulating sign, signal or device or as provided in Subsection
C of §
312-73.
(2) In accordance with the foregoing, the streets listed in Schedule XII, §
312-113C, isolated yield sign, of these rules and orders are hereby declared to constitute isolated yield sign intersections, and such Schedule XII is hereby specifically incorporated in this section.
E. Multiway stop signs.
[Amended 6-4-1992]
(1) Every driver of a vehicle, bicycle, or other conveyance approaching an intersection of ways where there exists facing oncoming traffic at every entrance to said intersection an official sign bearing the word "STOP," said signs having been erected in accordance with the ordinances of the City of Northampton, Section 2B-6 of the National Manual of Uniform Traffic Devices, and any necessary approval from the Department of Public Works of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, shall, before proceeding through the intersection, bring such vehicle, bicycle, or other conveyance to a complete stop at such point as may be clearly marked by a sign or line, or, if a point is not so marked, then at the nearer line of the crosswalk of the intersection or, if there is no crosswalk, at the near side of the intersection. The first vehicle arriving at the intersection shall have the right of way. Other vehicles shall have the right of way in the order in which they arrive at the intersection. If two or more vehicles arrive at an intersection simultaneously, operators shall yield the right of way to the vehicle to the operator's right. This section shall not apply when the traffic is otherwise directed by a police officer or other duly authorized traffic control person or by a lawful traffic regulating sign, signal or device or as provided in Subsection
C of §
312-73.
(2) In accordance with the foregoing, the intersections listed in Schedule XII, §
312-113D are hereby declared to constitute multiway stop intersections and said Schedule XII, §
312-113D, is specifically incorporated in this section.
[Amended 12-3-2009]
Upon such roadways as are divided by a parkway,
grass plot, reservation, viaduct, subway or by any structure or area,
drivers shall keep to the right of such a division except when otherwise
directed by an officer, signs, signals, or markings.
|
Name of Street
|
Direction of Travel
|
Location
|
---|
|
Bridge Road
|
West
|
In the divider island at approximately Station 24 + 80
|
|
Route 9 (North Main Street)
|
North
|
In the divider island at approximately Station 10 + 80
|
|
Route 9 (North Main Street)
|
South
|
In the divider island at approximately Station 17 + 45
|
At any junction or crossing of ways where the
roadway grades have been separated and where the ways are connected
by ramps and at any intersection of ways in which there are traffic
islands, drivers of vehicles shall proceed only as indicated by official
signs, signals or markings.
No operator shall enter upon a road surface
of any street or highway or section thereof, when, by reason of construction,
surface treatment, maintenance or the like, or because of some unprotected
hazard, such road surface is closed to travel, and one or more signs,
lights or signals have been erected to indicate that all or part of
the road surface of the street or highway is not to be used or when
so advised by an officer, watchman, member of a street or highway
crew or employees of the town, either audibly or by signals.
The driver of a vehicle shall not drive upon
any sidewalk except at a permanent or temporary driveway. The Board
of Public Works is hereby authorized to lay out and determine the
location and width of a permanent or temporary driveway, and to require
such precautions for the preservation of the sidewalk at a temporary
driveway as the Board of Public Works may deem necessary.
It shall be unlawful for the driver of a vehicle,
except on signal from a police officer, to drive the same over or
through a safety zone.
A funeral composed entirely or partly of a procession
of vehicles shall be identified as such by means of black pennants
bearing a purple symbol attached to both the first and last vehicles,
or other suitable means.
A. It shall be the duty of each driver in a funeral or
other procession to keep as near to the right edge of the roadway
as is feasible and to follow the vehicle ahead as closely as practicable
and safe.
B. At an intersection where a traffic control signal
is operating, the driver of the first vehicle in a funeral or other
procession shall be the only one required to stop for a red and/or
yellow indication.
C. At an intersection where a lawful stop sign exists,
the driver of the first vehicle in a funeral or other procession shall
be the only one required to stop before proceeding through the intersection.
It shall be unlawful for any person to ride
on any portion of a vehicle not designated or intended for the use
of passengers when the vehicle is in motion. This provision shall
not apply to any employee engaged in the necessary discharge of a
duty or within truck bodies in space intended for merchandise.
[Amended 7-21-1983; 10-18-1990; 10-20-1999; 2-1-2007; 7-7-2011; 7-10-2014]
A. The use
of a compression release engine brake on a motor vehicle not properly
equipped with an engine exhaust muffler as per state and federal regulations,
or equipped with a defective, damaged, or inappropriately modified
engine exhaust muffler and/or associated exhaust system components,
creates loud and excessive noise adversely affecting the public health,
safety and welfare of the residents of the City of Northampton and
is prohibited. Violators shall be subject to a fine of $300. The City
of Northampton recognizes that compression release engine brakes can
be an important accessory safety component of large commercial motor
vehicles, particularly when hauling heavy loads on steeply graded
roadways, but encourages motor vehicle owners and operators to deploy
them judiciously and respectfully in our community, avoiding unnecessary
use in nonemergency situations (e.g., on flat, low-grade, or uphill
roadways; in an unloaded or lightly loaded vehicle; to compensate
for excessive speed or insufficient braking distances as a result
of improper operation; in residential and downtown areas; during late
night/early morning hours, etc.).
B. The use and operation of heavy commercial vehicles as defined in §
312-1 are hereby restricted on the following named streets or parts thereof, and in the manner outlined and during the period of time set forth. Violators shall be subject to a fine of $300.
|
Street
|
From
|
To
|
Times Prohibited
|
---|
|
Day Avenue
|
Bridge Street
|
North Street
|
All times
|
|
Elizabeth Street
|
Bridge Street
|
North Street
|
All times
|
|
Jackson Street
|
Bridge Road
|
Prospect Street
|
All times
|
|
Lincoln Avenue (south-
easterly direction)
|
Bridge Street
|
North Street
|
All times
|
|
North Street
|
Market Street
|
Lincoln Avenue
|
All times
|
|
North Street (south-
westerly direction)
|
Lincoln Avenue
|
Day Avenue
|
All times
|
|
Orchard Street
|
Bridge Street
|
North Street
|
All times
|
|
Parsons Street
|
Bridge Street
|
North Street
|
All times
|
|
Prospect Avenue
|
Bridge Road
|
Prospect Street
|
All times
|
D. Exemptions. Subsection
A of this section shall not apply to heavy commercial vehicles going to or coming from places upon such streets for the purpose of making deliveries of goods, materials, or merchandise to or similar collections from abutting land or buildings or adjoining streets or ways to which access cannot otherwise be gained; or to vehicles used in connection with the construction, maintenance and repair of such streets or public utilities therein; or to federal, state, municipal or public service corporation owned vehicles.
E. Signage. The Department of Public Works shall establish clear and
conspicuous signage on prohibited streets and official detour routes
indicating the nature of the commercial vehicle prohibition and dollar
amount of the accompanying fine. Where the state may have jurisdiction,
the Department of Public Works shall inform the Massachusetts Department
of Transportation of signage needs.
No person shall drive or park a vehicle of any
description upon the turf or grass-covered area adjoining the paved
or hardened portions of any street.
A. Where official traffic control devices are erected
directing specific traffic to use a designated lane or designated
lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction regardless
of the center of the roadway, or to prohibit a turn or to make a required
turn at an intersection of roadways, drivers of vehicles shall obey
the direction of every such device.
B. In accordance with the foregoing, the following streets
are incorporated in this section:
|
Name of Street
|
Direction
of Travel
|
At Inter-
section Of
|
Turning
Restriction
|
---|
|
Bridge Road [Added 2-17-2005]
|
East
|
North Maple Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Bridge Road [Added 2-17-2005]
|
West
|
North Maple Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Bridge Street [Added 11-17-1988]
|
South
|
Pomeroy Terrace
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Conz Street [Added 11-21-1991]
|
North
|
Old South Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Cooley Dickinson Hospital entrance [Added 3-4-1993]
|
North
|
North Elm Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
Crafts Avenue [Added 11-21-1991]
|
South
|
Old South Street
|
Right lane must turn right and left lane must
turn left
|
|
Damon Road [Added 11-17-1994]
|
Southeast
|
Bridge Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
Damon Road [Added 11-17-1994]
|
Southeast
|
Bridge Street
|
Two left lanes must turn left
|
|
King Street [Added 3-5-1987]
|
North
|
Kingsgate Plaza entrance
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
King Street [Added 3-5-1987]
|
North
|
North Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
King Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
South
|
Main Street
|
Left lane must turn left and right lane must
turn right
|
|
King Street [Added 10-17-1996]
|
South
|
North Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
King Street [Added 3-5-1987]
|
South
|
Pot Pourri Mall entrance
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Main Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
East
|
Pleasant Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
Main Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
East
|
State Street and New South Street
|
Left lane must turn left and right lane must
turn right
|
|
Main Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
East/West
|
Pleasant Street and King Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Main Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
West
|
New South Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Main Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
West
|
West Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Main Street (Florence)
|
East/West
|
Chestnut Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Main Street (Florence)
|
West
|
Maple Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Main Street (Northampton) [Added 5-15-2003]
|
West
|
State Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
New South Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
North
|
Main Street
|
Right lane must turn right and left lane must
turn left
|
|
New South Street [Added 5-16-1996]
|
South
|
Old South Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
North Elm Street [Added 3-4-1993]
|
East
|
Prospect Avenue
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
North Elm Street
|
North
|
Connector to Elm Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
North Elm Street [Added 3-4-1993]
|
South
|
Locust Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
North Elm Street
|
South
|
Woodlawn Avenue
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
North Elm Street [Added 3-4-1993]
|
West
|
Entrance to Cooley Dickinson Hospital
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
North Main Street
|
East
|
North Maple Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
North Main Street [Added 10-20-1994]
|
West
|
Florence Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Old South Street [Added 11-21-1991]
|
North
|
Conz Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
Old South Street [Added 11-21-1991]
|
North
|
Entrance to Round House Lot
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Old South Street [Added 11-21-1991]
|
North
|
Main Street
|
Right lane must turn right and left lane must
turn left
|
|
Old South Street [Added 11-21-1991]
|
South
|
Conz Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
Old South Street [Added 5-16-1996]
|
West
|
New South Street
|
Left lane must turn left and right lane must
turn right
|
|
Pleasant Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
North
|
Main Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
Prospect Street [Added 3-4-1993]
|
West
|
North Elm Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
South Street [Added 5-16-1996]
|
North
|
Old South Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
|
West Street [Added 3-21-1991]
|
East
|
Elm Street
|
Left lane must turn left
|
|
West Street [Added 1-19-1981]
|
East
|
Main Street
|
Right lane must turn right
|
[Added 2-17-1983; amended 6-1-2006; 12-7-2017 by Ord. No. 17.399]
A. No motorized vehicles or horses will be allowed on
multiuse trails or bicycle paths, with the exception of emergency
and/or maintenance vehicles belonging to National Grid, the City of
Northampton, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, or their agents. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, low-speed electric bicycles as defined by 15 U.S.C.
§ 2085 and electrically powered mobility devices for people
with disabilities shall be permitted on multiuse trails and bicycle
paths. Multiuse trails include the MassCentral Rail Trail, the New
Haven and Northampton Canal Line (Manhan) Rail Trail, the Rocky Hill
Greenway, and any other marked multiuse trail (bicycle path), but
not including earthen and walking trails.
[Amended 4-5-2018 by Ord.
No. 18.043]
(1) Under
15 U.S.C. § 2085, "low-speed electric bicycles " means a
two- or three-wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals and an electric
motor of less than 750 watts (1 hp), whose maximum speed on a paved,
level surface when powered solely by such a motor while ridden by
an operator who weighs 170 pounds is less than 20 miles per hour.
This section shall supersede any state law or requirement with respect
to low-speed electric bicycles to the extent that such state law or
requirement is more stringent than the federal law or requirements
referred to in 15 U.S.C. § 2085. This definition does not
apply to gasoline-powered motorized bicycles per MGL c. 90, § 1B
or any other motorized scooter per MGL c. 90, § 1E.
(2) Low-speed
electric bicycles and electric-assist mobility devices shall not exceed
a speed of 12 miles per hour on multiuse trails.
B. No trespassing onto private property from multiuse
trails is permitted.
C. The disposal of trash or litter is prohibited.
D. No open fires are permitted on multiuse trails.
E. All users of the multiuse trails are required to:
(1) Stop
at all street crossings; and
(2) Yield
the right-of-way to vehicles in the road.
F. All traffic along multiuse trails will keep to the
right at all times.
[Added 10-21-1999]
A. No person operating a motor vehicle on any public
or private way within the City shall operate said vehicle at a rate
of speed greater than is reasonable and proper, having regard to traffic
and the use of the way and regard for the safety of the public.
B. Determination of a motor vehicle's speed to be in
excess of a posted speed limit or a reasonable and proper speed on
a not-posted way, through the use of radar, laser or other scientifically
recognized method of speed measurement, shall be prima facie evidence
of a violation under this section.
[Added 12-15-2005; amended 12-21-2006; 5-20-2010; 3-17-2011; 11-6-2014; 11-5-2015; 11-17-2016 by Ord.
No. 16.183; 4-5-2018 by Ord. No. 18.043]
A. There shall be established in the City of Northampton
on certain public ways bike lanes for the preferential but not necessarily
exclusive travel of nonmotorized bicycle traffic.
B. A bike lane is so designated by means of some combination
of painted lines, pavement coloring, bike lane signs and/or other
appropriate markings and signage.
C. No vehicle shall park within a designated bike lane in a manner which would obstruct bicyclist passage. Such violation shall be enforced under §
312-99B(1), Group A.
D. A motor vehicle may enter or cross a designated bike
lane only after using due caution and care in such movement.
E. The Police Department and Mayor may allow parking in bike lanes for
short-term special events.