It is the intent of this section to provide general design standards
for commercial establishments and nonresidential uses (referred to
as "commercial establishments") to assure the compatibility of the
nonresidential development with the surrounding character of the Township.
This shall be accomplished by:
A.
Arranging and constructing the use and related structures in accord
with an overall plan in a single or complementary architectural styles
with appropriate landscaping and buffering.
B.
Siting buildings, parking areas and other facilities and improvements
based upon the particular topography of development site.
C.
Providing safe and convenient access from the public right-of-way
based on the existing areawide traffic circulation pattern and the
expected traffic generated by the proposed use.
D.
Designing parking areas to complement patterns of traffic and pedestrian
flow and to provide adequate off-street parking for patrons.
E.
Maintaining to the greatest extent possible natural vegetation and
provide landscaping as an integral part of the overall design of the
proposed use and parking areas.
F.
Considering the impact of stormwater, noise, traffic and lighting
on surrounding land uses and providing buffers to minimize adverse
impacts.
G.
Being consistent with any design guidelines adopted by the Township.
A.
The intent of this section is to regulate the development and operation
of all development in the Township and to protect the environment
and the public health, safety and general welfare.
(1)
Public safety. No landowner, tenant or lessee shall use or allow
to be used land or structures in a way that results or threatens to
result, in the opinion of the Township, in any of the following conditions:
(a)
A physical hazard to the public, or a physical hazard that would
be an attractive nuisance that would be accessible by children.
(b)
Pollution of groundwater or surface waters, other than as authorized
by a state or federal permit.
(c)
Risks to public health and safety, such as but not limited to
explosion, fire or biological hazards or toxic substances.
(2)
Compliance. Any use permitted by this chapter may be undertaken and
maintained if it conforms to all applicable requirements of this chapter,
including the standards in this section which are intended to limit
nuisance elements.
(3)
Applicability. The following performance standards shall apply to all proposed new or expanded nonresidential uses, and residential uses explicitly referenced by a specific section. The standards in this section shall not apply to normal agricultural uses unless explicitly referenced by a specific section, but shall apply to concentrated animal feeding operations and any agricultural use which is considered a land development under Chapter 355, Subdivision and Land Development, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh.
B.
Buffers and screening. Buffers and screening shall be provided in accord with this chapter and Chapter 355, Subdivision and Land Development.
(1)
Buffer. In C-1, C-2,1, and I-A Districts, adjacent to every lot line
abutting a R-1, R-2, R-3 or W-C District, a buffer strip a minimum
of 50 feet in width, including a protective planting strip not less
than 10 feet in width, is required. In the case of conditional uses
or special exceptions, this buffer strip may also be required if the
proposed development in a C-1, C-2, 1 or I-A District is adjacent
to an existing residential use not located in a residential district
or between commercial and residential uses in the C-3 District. The
width of the required buffer area is to be measured from the property
boundary. In the case of conditional uses or special exceptions, a
buffer strip greater than 50 feet may be required.
(a)
Where required, buffers of specified width shall be provided
along the lot lines. The buffer may overlap the required setbacks.
In the case of a conflict, the larger setback shall apply.
(b)
All buffers shall be planted and maintained with a vegetative
material, and where required for specific uses, a screen planting
shall be planted and maintained to the full length of side and rear
lot lines which do not abut streets.
(c)
All buffers shall be planted with grass or ground cover and,
where required, a dense screen planting. Buffers shall be maintained
and kept free of all debris and rubbish.
(d)
No structure, manufacturing or processing activity, or storage
of materials, shall be permitted in buffers. However, access roads,
service drives and utility easements not more than 35 feet in width
are permitted to cross a buffer, provided that the angle of the center
line of the road, drive or easement crosses the buffer at an angle
not less than 60°.
(e)
No parking shall be permitted in buffers.
(f)
Prior to the issuance of a building permit, plans for buffers
shall be submitted to the Zoning Officer for review and approval.
Said plans shall show the arrangements of all of the buffers and the
placement, species and size of all plant materials to be placed in
such buffer. Said plan must be reviewed by the Planning Commission
and approved by the Zoning Officer before a building permit may be
issued.
(2)
Screening. Required screening shall consist of screen plantings and
shall be in accord with the following requirements:
(a)
Plant materials used in screen planting shall be at least four
feet in height when planted, shall be planted no more than five feet
apart and shall be of such species as will produce, within three years,
a complete year-round visual screen of a least six feet in height.
(b)
The screen planting shall be maintained permanently and any
plant material which does not live shall be replaced within one year.
(c)
The screen planting shall be so placed that at maturity it will
be not be closer than three feet from any ultimate right-of-way or
property line.
(d)
A clear sight triangle shall be maintained at all street intersections
and at all points where vehicular accessways intersect public streets.
(e)
The screen planting shall be broken only at points of vehicular
or pedestrian access.
C.
Landscaping. A landscaping plan for proposed nonresidential, multifamily and mobile home projects shall be submitted by the developer for review and approval by the Township in accord with the standards of Chapter 355, Subdivision and Land Development. This shall apply to all new projects, any change to a more restrictive use and any change in use which is a conditional use or special exception.
D.
Operations and storage. All facilities and operations of any principal
use (with the exception of nurseries, agriculture and the display
for sales purposes of new or used cars, motorcycles, trucks, trailers,
vehicles, or farm equipment, in operative condition or other similar
uses), including the storage of raw material, finished products, fuel,
machinery and equipment and any other materials or supplies, shall
be enclosed and conducted within a building except as follows:
(1)
Sales area. One outdoor sales area meeting the required setbacks
for the district shall be permitted, not to exceed the lesser of 10%
of the interior retail sales space or 500 square feet.
(2)
Conditional use/special exception.
(a)
Outdoor storage for other uses may be approved as a conditional
use for a use listed as conditional use by the Schedule of Uses and
as a special exception for a use listed as a special exception.
(b)
In the case of a use listed as a principal permitted use by
the Schedule of Uses, outdoor storage shall be considered a conditional
use.
(c)
Larger setbacks and/or buffers to afford protection to adjoining
uses and any public road rights-of-way may be required.
(3)
Minimum setback. Unenclosed uses and activities shall, in any case,
be a minimum of 50 feet from any existing residential structure or
any R-1, R-2, R-3 or W-C District, unless a greater setback is required
by this chapter.
(4)
Storage in setback and parking areas. Storage of equipment, supplies,
products or any other materials shall not be permitted in any required
setback or parking areas.
E.
Fire and explosion hazards.
(1)
Safety devices; suppression. All activities involving any manufacturing,
production, storage, transfer or disposal of, inflammable and explosive
materials shall be provided with adequate safety devices against the
hazard of fire and explosion, and adequate firefighting and fire-suppression
equipment and devices standard in the industry shall be required.
(2)
Burning. Burning of waste materials in open fires is prohibited.
(3)
Other requirements. The relevant provisions of federal, state and
local laws and regulations shall also apply.
(4)
Hazard details. Details of the potential hazards and details of planned
safety and accident response actions shall be provided by the developer
for review by the Township.
(5)
Conditional uses and special exceptions. In the case of conditional
uses and special exceptions, larger setbacks, additional buffer areas,
fencing or other safety elements may be required by the Township if
the nature of the proposed use as determined by the Township so requires.
F.
Electromagnetic radiation and radioactive radiation.
(1)
Electromagnetic radiation. It shall be unlawful to operate, or cause
to be operated, any planned or intentional source of electromagnetic
radiation for such purposes as communication, experimentation, entertainment,
broadcasting, heating, navigation, therapy, vehicle velocity measurement,
weather survey, aircraft detection, topographical survey, personal
pleasure, for any other use directly or indirectly associated with
these purposes which does not comply with the then current regulations
of the Federal Communications Commission and other applicable regulations.
(2)
Radioactive radiation. No activities shall be permitted which emit
dangerous radioactivity at any point beyond the property line. The
handling of radioactive materials, the discharge of such materials
into air and water and the disposal of radioactive wastes shall be
in conformance with all applicable state and federal regulations.
G.
Noise. All uses, including residential uses, shall comply with the noise limitations established by Chapter 262, Noise, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh.
H.
Vibration. No vibration shall be permitted which is detectable without
instruments at or beyond the property line; and no use shall generate
any vibration which is capable of causing damage to buildings, structures,
equipment alignment, or structural soundness. This requirement shall
not apply to occasional blasting and other operations conducted in
accord with applicable regulations that may be necessary during construction
of streets, structure and utilities, and mineral extraction operations
in compliance with state and federal regulations.
I.
Lighting and glare. The standards of this Subsection I shall also apply to residential and agricultural uses. Lighting shall be controlled in both height and intensity to maintain community character; and lighting design should be an inherent part of the project design. The applicant shall provide the specifications of the proposed lighting and its arrangement on the site. Any proposal which is considered a land development as defined by Chapter 355, Subdivision and Land Development, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh shall be governed by the lighting and glare standards in that chapter. Following the establishment of any land development, the ongoing operation and maintenance of the lighting facilities shall comply with the requirements of this Subsection I and violations shall be subject to the enforcement provisions of this chapter.
(1)
Purpose. To set standards for outdoor lighting to:
(a)
Provide for and control lighting in outdoor places where public
health, safety and welfare are potential concerns;
(b)
Protect drivers and pedestrians from the glare of nonvehicular
light sources;
(c)
Protect neighbors, the environment and the night sky from nuisance
glare and light trespass from improperly selected, placed, aimed,
applied, maintained or shielded light sources; and
(d)
Promote energy-efficient lighting design and operation.
(2)
Applicability.
(a)
This Subsection I shall apply to all uses within the Township where there is exterior lighting that is viewed from outside, including, but not limited to, residential, commercial, industrial, public and private recreational/sports and institutional uses, and sign, billboard, architectural and landscape lighting.
(b)
Exemptions. The following lighting applications are exempt from the requirements of this Subsection I:
[1]
Lighting within public right-of-way or easement for the principal
purpose of illuminating streets or roads. No exemption shall apply
to any lighting within the public right-of-way or easement when the
purpose of the luminaire is to illuminate areas outside the public
right-of-way or easement.
[2]
Lighting for public monuments and statuary.
[3]
Underwater lighting in swimming pools and other water features.
[4]
Low-voltage landscape lighting.
[5]
Individual porch lights of a dwelling.
[6]
Repairs to existing luminaires not exceeding 25% of the number
of total installed luminaires.
[7]
Temporary lighting for theatrical, television, performance areas
and construction sites.
[8]
Temporary lighting and seasonal decorative lighting, provided
that individual lamps are less than 10 watts and 70 lumens.
[9]
Emergency lighting, as may be required by any public agency
while engaged in the performance of their duties, or for illumination
of the path of egress during an emergency.
(3)
Standards.
(a)
Illumination levels. Lighting shall have illuminances, uniformities
and glare control in accord with the recommended practices of the
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).
(b)
Luminaire design.
[1]
Horizontal surfaces.
[a]
For the lighting of predominantly horizontal surfaces,
such as, but not limited to, parking areas, roadways, culs-de-sac,
vehicular and pedestrian passage areas, merchandising and storage
areas, automotive fuel-dispensing facilities, automotive sales areas,
loading docks, active and passive recreational areas, building entrances,
sidewalks, bicycle and pedestrian paths, and site entrances, luminaires
shall be aimed straight down and shall meet IESNA full-cutoff criteria.
[b]
Luminaires with an aggregate rated lamp output
not exceeding 500 lumens, e.g., the rated output of a standard nondirectional
40-watt incandescent or 10-watt compact fluorescent lamp, are exempt
from the requirements of this subsection. In the case of decorative
streetlighting, luminaires that are fully shielded or comply with
IESNA cutoff criteria may be used.
[2]
Nonhorizontal surfaces.
[a]
For the lighting of predominantly nonhorizontal
surfaces such as, but not limited to, facades, landscaping, signs,
billboards, fountains, displays and statuary, when their use is specifically
permitted by the Township, luminaires shall be shielded and shall
be installed and aimed so as to not project their output into the
windows of neighboring residences, adjacent uses, past the object
being illuminated, skyward or onto a public roadway.
[b]
Luminaires with an aggregate rated lamp output
not exceeding 500 lumens, e.g., the rated output of a standard nondirectional
40-watt incandescent or 10-watt compact fluorescent lamp, are exempt
from the requirements of this subsection.
(c)
Control of glare.
[1]
All lighting shall be aimed, located, designed, fitted and maintained
so as not to present a hazard to drivers or pedestrians by impairing
their ability to safely traverse and so as not to create a nuisance
by projecting or reflecting objectionable light onto a neighboring
use or property.
[2]
Directional luminaires such as floodlights and spotlights shall
be so shielded, installed and aimed that they do not project their
output into the windows of neighboring residences, adjacent uses,
past the object being illuminated, skyward or onto a public roadway
or pedestrianway. Floodlights installed above grade on residential
properties, except when motion sensor-actuated, shall not be aimed
out more than 45° from straight down. When a floodlight creates
glare as viewed from an adjacent residential property, the floodlight
shall be required to be re-aimed and/or fitted with a shielding device
to block the view of the glare source from that property.
[3]
Barn lights, aka dusk-to-dawn lights, when a source of glare
as viewed from an adjacent property, shall not be permitted unless
effectively shielded as viewed from that property.
[5]
Parking facility and vehicular and pedestrianway lighting (except
for safety and security applications and all-night business operations),
for commercial, industrial and institutional uses shall be automatically
extinguished no later than one hour after the close of business or
facility operation. When safety or security lighting is proposed for
after-hours illumination, it shall not be in excess of 25% of the
number of luminaires or illumination level required or permitted for
illumination during regular business hours. When it can be demonstrated
to the satisfaction of the Township that an elevated security risk
exists, e.g., a history of relevant crime, an appropriate increase
above the 25% limit may be permitted as a conditional use.
[6]
Luminaires shall be automatically controlled through the use of a programmable controller with battery power-outage reset, which accommodates daily and weekly variations in operating hours, annual time changes and seasonal variations in hours of darkness. The use of photocells is permitted when in combination with the programmable controller to turn luminaires on at dusk and also for all-night safety/security dusk-to-dawn luminaire operation when such lighting is specifically approved by the Township in accord with Subsection I(3)(c)[5]. The use of motion detectors is permitted.
[7]
Vegetation screens shall not be employed to serve as the primary
means for controlling glare. Rather, glare control shall be achieved
primarily through the use of such means as cutoff luminaires, shields
and baffles, and appropriate application of luminaire mounting height,
wattage, aiming angle and luminaire placement.
[8]
Light spillover. The maximum light spillover limit at the boundary
line of R-1, R-2, R-3, SP and W-C Districts and permanent open space
shall be 0.1 footcandle, and 1.0 footcandle at the boundary line of
C-1, C-2, I and I-A Districts, each measured line-of-sight at any
time and from any point on the receiving residential property.
[9]
Height. Except as permitted for certain recreational lighting and permitted elsewhere in this subsection, luminaires shall not be mounted in excess of 20 feet above finished grade (AFG) of the surface being illuminated. Luminaires not meeting full-cutoff criteria, when their use is specifically permitted by the Township, shall not be mounted in excess of 16 feet AFG. Mounting height shall be defined as the distance from the finished grade of the surface being illuminated to the optical center of the luminaire. Where proposed parking lots consist of 100 or more contiguous spaces, the Township may, at its discretion, based partially on mitigation of potential off-site impacts, permit a luminaire mounting height not to exceed 25 feet AFG. For maximum mounting height of recreational lighting, see Subsection I(4).
[10]
The United States and the state flag may be illuminated
from dusk to dawn. All other flags shall not be illuminated past 11:00
p.m. Flag lighting sources shall not exceed 7,000 aggregate lamp lumens
per flagpole. The light source shall have a beam spread no greater
than necessary to illuminate the flag.
[11]
Under-canopy lighting for such applications as
gas/service stations, hotel/theater marquees, fast-food/bank/drugstore
drive-ups, shall be accomplished using flat-lens full-cutoff luminaires
aimed straight down and shielded in such a manner that the lowest
opaque edge of the luminaire shall be below the light source and its
light-directing surfaces, at all lateral angles around the luminaire.
The average illumination intensity in the area directly below the
canopy shall not exceed 20 maintained footcandles and the maximum
density shall not exceed 30 initial footcandles.
[12]
Soffit lighting around building exteriors shall
not exceed 15 initial footcandles.
[Amended 3-18-2014 by Ord. No. 119-2014]
[13]
The use of white strobe lighting for tall structures
such as smokestacks, chimneys and radio/communications towers is prohibited
during hours of darkness except as required by the Federal Aviation
Administration.
(d)
Installation.
[1]
Electrical feeds for lighting standards shall be run underground,
not overhead, and shall be in accord with the National Electric Code
(NEC) Handbook.
[2]
Poles supporting luminaires for the illumination of parking
areas and located within the parking area or directly behind parking
spaces, or where they could be hit by snow plows or wide-swinging
vehicles, shall be protected by being placed a minimum of five feet
outside paved area or tire stops, or placed on concrete pedestals
at least 30 inches high above the pavement, shielded by steel bollards
or protected by other effective means.
[3]
Pole-mounted luminaires for lighting horizontal surfaces shall
be aimed straight down and poles shall be plumb.
[4]
Poles and brackets for supporting luminaires shall be those
specifically manufactured for that purpose and shall be designed and
rated for the luminaire and mounting accessory weights and wind loads
involved.
[5]
Pole foundations shall be designed consistent with manufacturer's
wind load requirements and local soil conditions involved.
(e)
Maintenance. Luminaires and ancillary equipment shall be maintained
so as to meet the requirements of this chapter.
(f)
Billboards and signs. The lighting of new or relighting of existing
billboards and signs shall require a permit, which shall be granted
when the Zoning Officer is satisfied that excessive illumination,
light pollution, glare and light trespass have been adequately mitigated,
and shall be subject to the following requirements:
[1]
Externally illuminated billboards and signs shall have luminaires
mounted at the top of the billboard or sign and aimed downward. The
luminaires shall be designed, fitted and aimed to shield the lamp
and its reflective surfaces from off-site view and to place the light
output onto and not beyond the sign or billboard. At no point on the
face of the sign or billboard and at no time shall the illumination
exceed 30 vertical footcandles during hours of darkness.
[2]
Internally illuminated signs shall have a dark field and light
message. The aggregate output of the light sources shall not exceed
500 initial lumens per square foot of sign face per side.
[4]
The illumination of a billboard within 400 feet of a residential
use shall not be permitted.
[5]
Rotating, traveling, pulsing, flashing or oscillating light
sources, lasers, beacons, searchlights or strobe lighting shall not
be permitted.
[6]
The use of highly reflective signs that creates nuisance glare
or a safety hazard shall not be permitted.
(4)
Recreational uses. The nighttime illumination of outdoor recreational
facilities for such sports as baseball, basketball, soccer, tennis,
track and field, and football typically necessitate higher than normally
permitted luminaire mounting heights and aiming angles, utilize very
high-wattage lamps and potentially produce unacceptable levels of
light trespass and glare when located near residential or open space
properties. When recreational uses are specifically permitted by the
Township for operation during hours of darkness, the following requirements
shall apply:
(a)
Race tracks and such recreational venues as golf driving ranges and trap-shooting facilities that necessitate the horizontal or near horizontal aiming of luminaires and projection of illumination, may be permitted by conditional use. A visual impact analysis shall be required in accord with Subsection I(4)(e).
(b)
A proposed illuminated recreational facility located within
a residential district or sited on a nonresidential property located
within 1,000 feet of a property in a R-1, R-2 or R-3 District shall
be considered a conditional use.
(c)
Sporting events shall be timed to end at such time that all
lighting in the sports facility, other than lighting for safe exit
of patrons, shall be extinguished by 10:00 p.m. except in the occurrence
of extra innings, overtimes or makeup games.
(d)
Maximum mounting heights for recreational lighting shall be
in accordance with the following:
(e)
Visual impact plan. To assist the Township in determining whether the potential impacts of proposed lighting have been suitably managed, applications for illuminating recreational facilities shall be accompanied not only with the information required by Subsection I(5) but also by a visual impact plan that contains the following:
[1]
Plan views containing a layout of the recreational facility
and showing pole locations and the location of residences on adjoining
properties.
[2]
Elevations containing pole and luminaire mounting heights, horizontal
and vertical aiming angles and luminaire arrays for each pole location.
[3]
Elevations containing initial vertical illuminance plots at
the boundary of the site, taken at a height of five feet line-of-sight.
[4]
Elevations containing initial vertical illuminance plots on the windowed facades of all residences facing and adjacent to the recreational facility. Such plots shall demonstrate compliance with the light trespass and glare control requirements of Subsection I(3)(c).
[5]
Proposed frequency of use of the facility during hours of darkness
on a month-by-month basis and proposed time when the sports lighting
will be extinguished.
[6]
A narrative describing the measures proposed to achieve minimum
off-site disturbance.
(5)
Plan submission. Lighting plans shall be submitted for Township review
and approval for subdivision and land development, conditional use,
variance, zoning permit and special exception applications. The submitted
information shall include the following:
(a)
A plan or plans of the site, complete with all structures, parking
spaces, building entrances, traffic areas (both vehicular and pedestrian),
existing and proposed trees, and adjacent uses that might be adversely
impacted by the lighting. The lighting plan shall contain a layout
of all proposed and existing luminaires, including but not limited
to area, architectural, building entrance, canopy, soffit, landscape,
flags and signs, by location, orientation, aiming direction, mounting
height, lamp, photometry and type.
(b)
A ten-foot-by-ten-foot illuminance grid (point-by-point) plot
of maintained horizontal footcandles overlaid on the site plan, plotted
out to 0.0 footcandle, which demonstrates compliance with the light
trespass, illuminance and uniformity requirements as set forth in
this chapter. When the scale of the plan, as judged by the Township,
makes a ten-foot-by-ten-foot grid plot illegible, a more legible grid
spacing may be permitted.
(c)
Light-loss factors, IES candela test-filename, initial lamp-lumen
ratings and specific lamp manufacturer's lamp ordering nomenclature,
used in calculating the plotted illuminance levels.
(d)
Description of the proposed equipment, including luminaire catalog
cuts, photometrics, glare-reduction devices, lamps, on/off control
devices, mounting heights, pole foundation details, pole-protection
means and mounting methods.
(e)
Landscaping plans shall contain luminaire locations, demonstrating
that the site lighting and landscaping have been coordinated to minimize
conflict between vegetation and intended light distribution, both
initially and at vegetation maturity.
(f)
When requested by the Township for conditional uses or special exceptions, the applicant shall also submit a visual impact plan in accord with Subsection I(4)(e).
(g)
Plan notes. The following notes shall appear on the lighting
plan:
[1]
Post-approval alterations to lighting plans or intended substitutions
for specified lighting equipment on the approved plan shall be submitted
to the Township for review and approval prior to installation. Requests
for substitutions shall be accompanied by catalog cuts of the proposed
equipment that demonstrate the proposed substitution is equal to or
exceeds the optical quality and maintainability of the specified luminaires;
and shall be accompanied by a lighting plan, including a point-by-point
plot, which demonstrates that proposed substitutions will result in
a lighting design that equals or exceeds the quality of the approved
plan.
[2]
The Township reserves the right to conduct post-installation
inspections to verify compliance with ordinance requirements and approved
lighting plan commitments, and if deemed appropriate by the Township,
to require remedial action at no expense to the Township.
[3]
All exterior lighting, including building-mounted lighting,
shall meet IESNA full-cutoff criteria unless otherwise specifically
approved by the Township.
[4]
Installer shall notify Township to arrange for inspection and
approval of all exterior lighting, including building-mounted lighting,
prior to its installation.
(6)
Violations; safety hazards.
(a)
When the Zoning Officer determines that a lighting installation violates any provision of this chapter or creates a safety hazard, an enforcement proceeding shall be initiated in accord with § 400-134C.
(b)
If appropriate corrective action has not been effected within
15 days of notification, the Township may take appropriate legal action.
(7)
Nonconforming lighting. A nonconforming lighting fixture or lighting installation shall be made to conform with the applicable requirements of this Subsection I when:
(8)
ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING
FOOTCANDLE
FULL CUTOFF
FULLY SHIELDED
GLARE
LAMP
LED
LIGHT FIXTURE
LIGHTING SYSTEM
LIGHT TRESPASS
LUMEN
LUMINAIRE
LUMINAIRE, SHIELDED DIRECTIONAL
Definitions. Words and phrases used in this Subsection I shall have the meanings set forth in this Subsection I. Words and phrases not defined in this Subsection I but defined in Article III shall be given the meanings set forth in said article. All other words and phrases shall be given their common, ordinary meaning, unless the context clearly requires otherwise.
Lighting designed to reveal architectural beauty, shape and/or
form and for which lighting for any other purpose is incidental.
The amount of illumination the inside surface of a one-foot
radius sphere would receive if there were a uniform point source of
one candela in the exact center of the sphere. The footcandle is equal
to one lumen per square foot, and is measurable with an illuminance
meter (light meter).
Attribute of a luminaire from which no light is emitted at
or above a horizontal plane drawn through the lowest light-emitting
portion of the luminaire and no more than 10% of the lamp's intensity
is emitted at or above an angle 10° below that horizontal plane,
at all lateral angles around the luminaire. A full-cutoff luminaire,
by definition, also is fully shielded.
A luminaire with opaque top and sides, capable of emitting
light only in the lower photometric hemisphere as installed.
Light entering the eye directly from luminaires or indirectly
from reflective surfaces that causes visual discomfort or loss in
visual performance and visibility.
A generic term for a source of optical radiation, often called
a "bulb" or "tube."
Light-emitting diode.
The complete lighting assembly (including the lamp, housing,
reflectors, lenses and shields), not included the support assembly
(pole or mounting bracket).
On a site, all exterior electric lighting and controls.
Light emitted by a luminaire or installation, which is cast
beyond the boundaries of the property on which the lighting installation
is sited.
As used in the context of this chapter, the light-output
rating of a lamp (light bulb).
The complete lighting unit (fixture), consisting of a lamp,
or lamps and ballast(s) when applicable, together with the parts designed
to distribute the light (reflector lens, diffuser) to position and
protect the lamps, and to connect the lamps to the power supply.
A fully shielded luminaire with an adjustable mounting device
allowing aiming in a direction other than straight downward.
J.
Odors. No emission shall be permitted of odorous gases or other odorous
matter except in full compliance with Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection requirements.
K.
Other forms of air pollution. No emission of fly ash, dust, fumes,
vapors, gases and other forms of air pollution shall be permitted
except in full compliance with PA DEP requirements.
L.
Surface and ground water protection. All activities involving the
possible contamination of surface or groundwater shall be provided
with adequate safety devices to prevent such contamination.
(1)
Report. The Township may require the applicant to submit a report
from a qualified engineer or geologist detailing:
(a)
The geologic structure of the area proposed to be disturbed
and identifying the probable impacts on groundwater supply and quality.
(b)
The potential hazards (including the groundwater characteristics
of the area in which the use is proposed) and details of planned safety
devices and contamination response actions.
(c)
The use of groundwater and any processes that could result in
the depletion of groundwater supplies.
(2)
Large volume use. In cases where the use requires the use of 10,000
gallons per day or more of groundwater, the developer shall provide
appropriate hydrogeologic studies which clearly establish that the
proposed use will not cause a reduction in the quantity or the quality
of groundwater supplies available to other properties located within
1,000 feet of any portion of the property where the proposed use will
be located.
(3)
Conditional uses and special exceptions. In the case of conditional
uses and special exceptions, the Township may require a plan to be
submitted for review and approval and may require security for insuring
contamination response. Monitoring wells and water quality testing
may also be required by the Township.
M.
Stormwater management and soil erosion control.
(2)
Soil erosion and sedimentation control.
(a)
All soil erosion and sedimentation control plans shall meet the specifications of the Monroe County Conservation District and PA DEP, and shall comply with Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Title 25, Chapter 102 Department of Environmental Protection regulations for soil erosion and sedimentation control and Chapter 344, Stormwater Management and Earth Disturbance, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh.
(b)
Erosion and sedimentation controls shall be installed according
to the approved plan and shall be maintained by the developer in proper
functioning condition until stabilization of the area is completed
as determined by the Monroe Conservation District. Failure to install
and maintain the controls shall constitute a violation of this chapter.
N.
Waste materials. The standards of this Subsection N shall also apply to residential and agricultural uses.
(1)
Storage. No liquid, solid, toxic or hazardous waste shall be stored,
either above or below ground level, except for the temporary storage
thereof pending removal from the premises. Such temporary storage
and handling of waste shall be in a designated area and shall be conducted
in compliance with all applicable state and federal regulations in
order to prevent any water, soil or air contamination and shall be
screened from view of adjoining properties and any public road right-of-way
by fencing or other buffers.
(2)
Discharge. No waste discharge shall be permitted into any reservoir,
sewage or stormwater disposal system, stream, open body of water or
onto the ground except in accord with applicable state and federal
regulations.
(3)
Disposal. All waste materials shall be disposed of only in accord with Chapter 337, Solid Waste, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh and all applicable state and federal regulations and applications for any use which results in waste materials regulated by the state or federal government shall include a list of all such wastes and the method of temporary storage, handling and disposal.
(4)
Trash storage. Outdoor trash storage areas for nonresidential uses
and storage areas serving three or more dwelling units shall be designed
and maintained to be completely screened from view by a landscape
buffer or other approved screening not less than eight feet in height,
and the storage area shall conform to all accessory structure setbacks.
(5)
Containers. All storage containers shall be secured from the entry
of animals.
O.
Settling and/or storage ponds and reservoirs. All ponds, reservoirs
or other such storage facilities which are associated with any manufacturing
or industrial process, or any sewage or waste disposal process shall
be fenced or shall otherwise be physically controlled to prevent access
by the public. Said fence shall be not less than four feet high and
of a design to restrict access to the area to be controlled. Any such
facility which contains any material which is poisonous, toxic or
caustic, shall be considered a conditional use, and the Board of Supervisors
shall, at a minimum, require that such structure be enclosed by a
chain link fence not less than eight feet high.
P.
Security. In cases where deemed necessary by the Township, the applicant
shall provide a plan addressing security needs to protect the health
and safety of the public as well as the occupants of the proposed
facility. Such plan shall:
(1)
Describe the specific services to be offered, type of patients and/or
residents, to be served, and the staff to be employed for this purpose.
(2)
Identify the forms of security normally required with care of the
type to be offered and detail the specific measures to be taken in
the construction, development and operation of the facility so as
to provide appropriate security.
(3)
At a minimum, provide for the reasonable restriction of unauthorized
entry and/or exit to and from the property and provide for effective
separation from adjoining residences by means of fencing, signs or
a combination thereof.
(4)
Include measures to ensure that lighting and noise is controlled,
particularly with respect to loudspeakers or other amplification devices
and floodlights.
Q.
Industrial and manufacturing traffic. Traffic to an industrial or
manufacturing use shall not use a local street through a residential
district, except for emergency vehicle access.
R.
Heat. Heat, defined as thermal energy of a radiated, conductive or
convective nature, emitted at any or all points shall not at any time
cause a temperature increase on any adjacent property in excess of
1° F., whether such change be in the air or in the ground, in
a natural stream or lake, or in any structure of such adjacent property.
S.
Monitoring of conditional uses and special exceptions. If a reasonable
doubt exists that a conditional use or special exception would violate
the performance standards or any condition of approval, the Supervisors
or Zoning Hearing Board may require a use to fund such reasonable
and necessary monitoring to ensure its compliance.
T.
Other regulations. The Zoning Officer, Planning Commission, Board
of Supervisors or the Zoning Hearing Board, as the case may be, may
require documentation from the applicant demonstrating that the project
complies with all other applicable local, state and federal regulations,
and said proposal has obtained all required permits, certifications
and authorizations, including, but not limited to, the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental
Protection the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, the
Federal Emergency Management Agency and the United States Environmental
Protection Agency.
A.
Water supply. All uses shall be provided with an adequate and safe
water supply meeting Township and PA DEP requirements, as demonstrated
by evidence to be provided by the applicant, documenting that the
siting, density, and design of all proposed residential, commercial,
industrial and other developments or uses shall assure the availability
of reliable, safe and adequate water supplies to support the proposed
land use(s) within the capacity of available water resources.
B.
Sewage disposal.
(1)
System required. All uses shall be provided with a sewage disposal
system meeting the needs of the proposed use and meeting the requirements
of the Township and the PA DEP. Discharge to such system shall be
limited to normal, domestic and human bodily wastes unless the treatment
system has been specifically designed to handle other wastes or the
wastes are pretreated in accord with PA DEP or local sewer authority
requirements.
(2)
Recertification of on-lot systems. If the Zoning Officer has reason
to believe that a proposed increase in the number of dwelling units
or expansion or change of a nonresidential use would result in increased
flow to a septic system, then the application shall be referred to
the Sewage Enforcement Officer. The Sewage Enforcement Officer shall
require modification, expansion or replacement of the system if necessary
for the proposed flow.
(3)
New development served by on-lot sewage.
(a)
This Subsection B(3) is intended to ensure that a suitable alternate location is available for a new on-lot sewage disposal system if the original system should malfunction.
(b)
This Subsection B(3) shall only apply to a lot that is officially submitted for subdivision or land development approval after the adoption of this chapter.
(c)
Each lot shall include both a primary and a reserve septic system
location. Both locations shall be determined by the Township to meet
PA DEP regulations for an on-lot sewage disposal system location prior
to approval of the final subdivision or land development plan.
(d)
The requirement for a reserve on-lot sewage disposal system
location shall not apply to the following:
(e)
The reserve on-lot sewage disposal system location shall not
be excavated and shall be kept clear of buildings and parking, and
shall be shown on any subsequent applications for new or expanded
buildings or parking.
(f)
If a permit for a new on-lot sewage disposal system was previously
approved for a lot, but such system was not constructed, and the testing
related to such permit occurred more than three years prior, then
a new permit application and new testing shall be required. The new
permit and new testing shall be required in full conformance with
current PA DEP and Township regulations.
(4)
Well and sewage system locations. Every plan for a subdivision or
land development and every application for a building permit for a
new principal building that will be served by a well and/or an on-lot
sewage disposal system shall designate the proposed well and primary
and alternate septic system locations. Such plan shall show that the
proposed locations meet the minimum isolation distances established
by PA DEP regulations between a well and on-lot sewage disposal system
on the subject lot and all adjacent lots.
A.
The intent of this section is to provide the identification of environmental
and community impacts and means of mitigation of impacts of development
projects in the Township, and to determine what conditions should
be required to mitigate any adverse effects of the proposed use. The
Board of Supervisors, Planning Commission, or Zoning Hearing Board,
as the case may be, may, based upon the nature of a project and potential
impacts on the Township, require the developer to prepare and submit
to the Township an environmental and community assessment for the
types of developments and uses listed below. The requirements of this
section may also be applied to any other proposed conditional use
or special exception, which for reasons of location, design, existing
traffic or other community or environmental considerations, as determined
by the Township, warrants the application of the study required contained
herein. The Board of Supervisors, Planning Commission, or Zoning Hearing
Board, as the case may be, may waive certain components of the assessment
should such components be deemed unnecessary for certain uses.
(1)
Industrial parks.
(2)
Manufacturing or manufacturing or industrial uses.
(3)
Junkyards.
(4)
Mineral extraction.
(5)
Mineral processing.
(6)
Agricultural products processing.
(7)
Solid waste facilities and staging areas.
(8)
Warehouses and trucking terminals.
(9)
Airports.
(10)
Any use involving the initial or cumulative disturbance of 87,120
or more square feet of soil surface areas.
(11)
Any use involving the initial or cumulative construction, installation
and/or placement of 43,560 square feet or more of buildings, structures
or other impervious surface areas.
(12)
Any use involving development in any floodplain area.
B.
Purpose of assessment. The purpose of this assessment is to disclose
the environmental consequences of a proposed action for consideration
by the Township for the determination of approval or denial of the
project, and, if the project is approved, for the establishment of
conditions of approval. This requirement is made in order to protect
the natural environment with respect to water quality, water supply,
soil erosion, pollution of all kinds, flooding and waste disposal
and to preserve trees and vegetation, to protect watercourses, air
resources and aquifers.
C.
Contents of assessment. An assessment shall include a description
of the proposed use including location relationship to other projects
or proposals, with adequate data and detail for the Township to assess
the environmental impact. The assessment shall also include a comprehensive
description of the existing environment and the probable future effects
of the proposal. The description shall focus on the elements of the
environment most likely to be affected as well as potential regional
effects and ecological interrelationships. At a minimum, the assessment
shall include an analysis of the items listed below regarding the
impact of the proposed use and the mitigation of any such impacts;
and said proposal shall comply with all other standards included in
this chapter and other Township ordinances:
(2)
Surface waters.
(a)
Distance of site from nearest surface water and head waters
of streams.
(b)
Sources of runoff water.
(c)
Rate of runoff from the site.
(d)
Destination of runoff water and method of controlling downstream
effects.
(e)
Chemical additives to runoff water on the site.
(f)
Submission of an erosion and sediment control plan meeting the
requirements of the PA DEP and the County Conservation District.
(3)
Ground cover, including vegetation and animal life.
(4)
Topographic and geologic.
(a)
Maximum existing elevation of site.
(b)
Minimum existing elevation of site.
(c)
Maximum proposed elevation of site.
(d)
Minimum proposed elevation of site.
(e)
Description of the topography of the site and any special topographic
features, and any proposed changes in topography.
(f)
Surface and subsurface geology.
(7)
Sewage disposal.
(a)
Sewage disposal system (description and location on the site,
of system).
(b)
Expected content of the sewage effluent (human waste, pesticides,
detergents, oils, heavy metals, other chemical).
(c)
Expected daily volumes of sewage.
(d)
Affected sewage treatment plant's present capacity and authorized
capacity.
(12)
Impact of proposed use. A description of the impacts on the
environment and mitigating factors shall be provided for the following:
(a)
Existing plant species (upland and aquatic), and effects thereon.
(b)
Existing animal species and effects thereon.
(c)
Existing wildfowl and other birds and effects thereon.
(d)
Effects on drainage and runoff.
(e)
Effects on groundwater quality.
(f)
Effects on surface water quality.
(g)
Effects on air quality.
(h)
Alternatives to proposed development, consistent with the zoning
of the tract.
(i)
The social structure and community character of the Township.
(j)
Effects on sites of historic significance.
(13)
Critical impact areas. In addition to the above, plans should
include any area, condition, or feature which is environmentally sensitive
or which if disturbed during construction would adversely affect the
environment.
(a)
Critical impact areas include, but are not limited to, stream
corridors, streams, wetlands, slopes greater than 15%, highly acid
or highly erodible soils, areas of high water table, and mature stands
of native vegetation and aquifer recharge and discharge areas.
(b)
A statement of impact upon critical areas and of adverse impacts
which cannot be avoided.
(c)
Environmental protection measures, procedures and schedules
to minimize damage to critical impact areas during and after construction.
(d)
A list of all licenses, permits and other approvals required
by municipal, county or state law and the status of each.
(e)
A listing of steps proposed to minimize environmental damage
to the site and region during and after construction.
(14)
Community impact analysis. A community impact analysis shall
be prepared to address the following areas of concern:
(a)
Generalized market synopsis. The general market shall be analyzed
to determine reasonable forecasts of market demand for the use(s)
on the proposed site. This information shall be used to confirm the
housing type(s) or other uses proposed and the sale price or rental
and amenities proposed by the developer. The findings shall be presented
in a summary or synopsis form in the final report.
(b)
Impact analysis. An impact analysis shall be prepared which
demonstrates effects of the proposed development on the following
elements along with actions proposed to mitigate any burdens created
by the development:
[1]
Number of residents and public school children generated by
proposed housing units.
[2]
Increases in vehicular traffic and the ability of the existing
road system to accommodate traffic increases.
[3]
Anticipated load on public utilities, police and emergency services
and other community facilities and services.
[4]
Disturbance to the natural ecology, such as alluvial soil areas,
loss of tree cover and land erosion.
[5]
Harmony with the character of surrounding development.
[6]
Feasibility of providing public transportation to the site.
[7]
Anticipated time period to sell/rent out the proposed development.
[8]
The anticipated expansion or improvement of existing facilities
or construction of new facilities which will be necessary to accommodate
the increased needs resulting from the development should be set forth.
(c)
Financial analysis.
[1]
Estimates of costs associated with expansion, improvement or
construction of facilities should be made and the potential sources
of revenue set forth.
[2]
Anticipated annual revenues to the Township and the school district
for each of the first five years of the development.
[3]
Anticipated Township and school district expenses associated
with the development for each of the first five years of the development.
(15)
Additional requirements. In addition to the above requirements,
the Planning Commission and/or Township Board of Supervisors or the
Zoning Hearing Board may require such other information as may be
reasonably necessary for the Township to evaluate the proposed use
for its effect on the community.
D.
Additional considerations. The following shall also be addressed:
(1)
Alternatives. A description of alternatives to the proposed use.
(2)
Adverse impacts. A statement of any adverse impacts which cannot
be avoided.
(3)
Impact minimization. Environmental protection measures, procedures
and schedules to minimize damage to critical impact areas during and
after construction.
(4)
Approvals required. A list of all licenses, permits and other approvals
required by municipal, county or state law and the status of each.
(5)
Minimization steps. A listing of steps proposed to minimize environmental
damage to the site and region during and after construction.
E.
Qualifications. The Assessment shall be prepared by a professional
architect, landscape architect, planner, engineer or other qualified
individual whose qualifications have been previously approved by the
Board of Supervisors or the Zoning Hearing Board, as the case may
be.
F.
Evaluation. The procedures for evaluating the assessment shall be
as follows:
(1)
Consultation. Upon receipt of the application the Township may forward
the assessment to the Township Engineer and any other agency or firm
which the Township may desire for review and comment.
(2)
Fees. Fees for the costs of such consultation as described in Subsection F(1) shall be paid by the applicant.
(3)
Public availability. Copies of the assessment shall be on file and
available for public inspection in the Township office.
(4)
Review and action. The Planning Commission shall evaluate the proposed
project and the assessment and recommend action on same to the Board
of Supervisors or Zoning Hearing Board.
A.
Steep slope areas.
(1)
Greater than 25%. No site disturbance shall be permitted on slopes exceeding 25%, except grading for a portion of a driveway accessing a single-family dwelling when it can be demonstrated that no other routing which avoids slopes exceeding 25% is feasible. In such a case, the driveway access must be designed by a professional engineer to comply with the design requirements of Chapter 177, Driveways, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh and have a slope length of no more than 75 feet.
(2)
Twelve percent/25%. Grading or earthmoving on all lands greater than
12% and 25% or less in slope shall not result in earth cuts or fills
whose highest vertical dimensions exceed 10 feet, except where no
alternative exists for construction of public roads, drainage structures
and other public improvements in which case such vertical dimensions
shall not exceed 20 feet. Finished slopes of all cuts and fills shall
not exceed 3:1, unless the applicant can demonstrate that steeper
slopes can be stabilized and maintained adequately.
It is the intent of this section to preserve the rural character
of the Township by requiring the conservation of trees and other vegetation,
especially during the land development process, and by requiring property
line buffers. This effort will also minimize the detrimental effects
of soil erosion and sedimentation and stormwater runoff. The Township's
agricultural and other open land are vital to the rural character
of the Township, which is the keystone of the local economy, and the
preservation of that character will protect and promote the public
welfare. This section is not intended to prescribe specific cutting
practices; or to prevent or hinder any landowner from realizing financial
return from the sale of trees; or to prevent or hinder commercial
tree harvesters from operating in the Township in accord with a timber
harvesting plan using best management practices. (Note: This section
shall not apply to agricultural uses and lands owned by the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania or the Pennsylvania Game Commission.)
A.
Natural vegetation. In order to minimize soil erosion and stormwater
runoff, and to preserve the rural character of the Township, natural
vegetation shall be maintained to the greatest extent possible.
(1)
Clearing of vegetation shall be limited to those areas of the site
needed for proposed and required improvements.
(2)
Any part of a site where existing vegetation has been disturbed and
which is not used for buildings, structures, loading or parking spaces
and aisles, sidewalks, designated storage areas or other improvements,
shall be provided with an all-season ground cover.
(3)
In the case of conditional uses and special exceptions, additional
landscaping, screening and/or buffers may be required by the Township
where the same are determined by the Township as necessary to protect
adjoining uses.
B.
Buffer areas prior to development approval. In addition to the requirements of Subsection A, the following requirements shall apply to all parcels in SP, W-C, C-1, C-2, C-3, 1 and I-A Districts and parcels of more than 10 acres in R-1, R-2 and R-3 Districts.
(1)
A buffer shall be maintained until such time as a development plan
is approved for the parcel and buffers are provided in accord with
this chapter. The buffer shall not be less than 75 feet in width and
shall be maintained along all property lines and any road right-of-way.
Existing vegetation in this buffer area shall not be disturbed, except
that trees may be harvested to the extent that the basal area of trees
in the seventy-five-foot buffer area shall not be reduced below 50%
of the basal area present before cutting or below 65 square feet per
acre, whichever is higher. "Basal area" is the area in square feet
per acre occupied by tree stems at 4.5 feet above the ground, normally
measured by a calibrated prism or angle gauge.
(2)
Clearing of vegetation and landscaping for a development project shall be in accord with an overall plan to be submitted with the zoning and land development plan application. Such clearing shall not be initiated until the application is approved by the Township. For the purposes of installation, landscaping shall be considered an improvement in accord with Chapter 355, Subdivision and Land Development, of the Code of the Township of Coolbaugh. The clearing and landscaping plan shall show the type and extent of existing vegetation, the area proposed for clearing and proposed landscaping.
A.
Purpose. Traffic impact studies are required for certain activities
to enable the Township to assess the effect on the transportation
system in and around the Township and to:
(1)
Ensure that proposed uses do not adversely affect the transportation
network.
(2)
Identify any traffic problems associated with site access.
(3)
Determine traffic problems on private, Township, county or state
roads in the project traffic study area.
(4)
Assist in the protection of the safety of the motoring public, air
quality, and energy conservation.
B.
Thresholds. A TIS shall be required for all residential and nonresidential
proposals that are projected to generate 150 or more trip-ends per
project peak hour or 750 trip-ends or more per day based on the latest
edition of Trip Generation published by the Institute of Transportation
Engineers. A TIS shall also be required for additions to a use, changes
of use and replacements of nonconforming uses that increase the total
traffic (i.e., existing plus new traffic) that meet or exceed the
peak-hour or daily thresholds.
C.
Requirements.
(1)
State roads. In cases where PennDOT requires a TIF for access to
a state road, a separate TIS shall not be required by the Township.
If PennDOT does not require a TIS and the traffic from the proposed
use meets or exceeds the peak-hour or daily thresholds, a TIS using
PennDOT methodology shall be required.
(2)
Township roads. If a TIS is required for access to a Township road,
the TIS shall be prepared in accord with PennDOT methodology.
