[CC 1981 §430.010; Ord. No. 638 §2(430.010), 11-14-1990]
The purpose of this Article is to alleviate or prevent congestion
of the public streets in the City of Winchester and to promote the
safety and welfare of the public by establishing minimum requirements
for the off-street parking and loading and unloading of motor vehicles
in accordance with the use to which the property is put. Specifically,
it is intended for all such uses to have adequate on-site parking
and loading facilities. In any event, no public street or portions
thereof shall be utilized to meet said off-street parking and loading
provisions.
[CC 1981 §430.020; Ord. No. 638 §2(430.020), 11-14-1990]
A.
For
all buildings and structures erected and all uses of land established
after the effective date of this Chapter, parking and loading facilities
shall be provided as specified herein.
B.
Whenever
the intensity of use of any building, structure or premises shall
be increased through the addition of dwelling units, seating capacity
or other units of measurement described herein, parking and loading
facilities as required in this Article shall be provided for such
increase in intensity of use.
C.
Whenever
the existing use of a building or structure shall hereafter be or
changed to a new use so as to increase the required parking and loading
facilities in accordance with the requirements of this Article, the
specified number of parking or loading spaces shall be provided for
such new use in full compliance with this Article.
D.
For
any conforming or legally non-conforming building or use which was
in existence on the effective date of this Chapter, and which subsequent
thereto is damaged or destroyed by fire, collapse, explosion or other
cause, and which is reconstructed, re-established or repaired, off-street
parking or loading facilities equivalent to any maintained at the
time of such damage or destruction shall be restored or continued
in operation. However, in no case shall it be necessary to restore
and maintain parking or load facilities in excess of those required
in the Section for such reconstructed or re-established building or
use.
[Ord. No. 958 §1, 12-12-2007]
A.
Purpose. Explains the reasoning for the regulations.
1.
To provide minimum standards for effective, economical and attractive
outdoor lighting.
B.
Intent. Explains what the Section is intended to encourage/discourage.
C.
Scope. Explains the Section's application.
1.
All uses, including residential, and all jurisdictions, including
public, private and municipal, except as provided elsewhere.
D.
DIRECT LIGHT
FIXTURE
FLOURESCENT LIGHT OR TUBE
FOOT-CANDLE
GLARE
IESNA LIGHTING HANDBOOK
ILLUMINANCE
LAMP
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED)
LIGHT POLLUTION
LIGHT SHIELD
LIGHT TRESPASS
LUMEN
LUMINAIRE
LUMINAIRE FULL CUT OFF
NEON TUBING
OUTDOOR LIGHT FIXTURE
SHIELDED
SHIELDED — FULLY
SHIELDED — PARTIALLY
TEMPORARY OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Definitions. As used in this Section, the following terms
shall have the meanings set out herein pertaining to lighting:
Light emitted directly from the lamp, off of the reflector
or reflector diffuser, or through the refractor or diffuser lens of
a luminaire.
The assembly that holds a lamp and may include an assembly
housing, a mounting bracket or pole socket, a lamp holder, a ballast,
a reflector or mirror and a refractor or lens.
Electric-discharge lighting utilizing glass tubing manufactured
to standard lengths.
A unit of illumination produced on a surface, all points
of which are one (1) foot from a uniform point source of one (1) candle.
Direct light emitted by a luminaire that causes reduced vision
or momentary blindness.
The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA)
Lighting Handbook (9th Edition 2000), which document is hereby incorporated
by reference.
The level of light measured at a surface.
The component of a luminaire that produces the light.
A p-n junction solid-state diode whose radiated output is
a function of its physical construction, material used and exciting
current. The output can be in the IR or in the visible region.
General sky glow caused by the scattering of artificial light
in the atmosphere, much of which is caused by poorly designed luminaires.
Any attachment which interrupts and blocks the path of light
emitted from a luminaire or fixture.
Light emitted by a luminaire that shines beyond the boundaries
of the property on which the luminaire is located.
A unit of measure of luminous flux.
The complete lighting system, including the lamp and the
fixture.
A luminaire that allows no direct light emissions above a
horizontal plane through the luminaire's lowest light-emitting part.
Electric discharge, cold cathode tubing manufactured into
shapes that form letters, parts of letters, skeleton tubing, outline
lighting and other decorative elements or art forms, in various colors
and diameters and filled with inert gases.
Outdoor artificial illuminating devices, installed or portable,
used for floodlighting, general illumination or advertisement.
A light fixture whose output is controlled in such a manner
that a direct view of the light-emitting surface from an adjacent
property is either minimized or prevented. This control could be as
a result of the fixture housing, external or internal control devices
(louvers, shields, barn doors, etc.), placement of the luminaire on
the subject property or any combination of these elements. Shielding
may either be full or partial.
Outdoor light fixtures shielded or constructed so that no
light rays are emitted by the installed fixture at angles above the
horizontal plane passing through the lowest point of the fixture from
which the light is emitted as certified by a photometric test report.
Outdoor light fixtures shielded or constructed so that the
lower edge of the shield is at or below the centerline of the light
source or lamp so as to minimize light emissions above the horizontal
plane.
The specific illumination of an outside area of object by
any manmade device located outdoors that produces light by any means
for a period of no more that thirty (30) days, with at least one hundred
eighty (180) days passing before being used again.
E.
Maintenance. Stipulates that required lighting be properly
maintained.
All required lighting installations must be regularly maintained
(cleaned, repaired, etc.), such that they always provide acceptable
luminance levels and glare control.
F.
Light Fixtures And Usage. Contains provisions intended to
reduce light pollution and glare.
1.
All outdoor light fixtures and lamp types installed and hereafter
maintained shall use only shielded and/or enclosed light fixtures
as specified in Table 1 (Shielding and Enclosure Requirements).
2.
Building-mounted lighting, including both utilitarian and decorative
applications, shall be limited to fully shielded, cut-off optics,
flat lens luminaires.
3.
Exterior building lighting shall be architecturally integrated with
the building style, material and color. The color of exterior lamps
shall be consistent with that on surrounding buildings.
4.
Exterior lighting shall be fully shielded, flat-lens enclosed luminaires,
except for street light standards.
|
Table 1. Shielding and Enclosure Requirements
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fixture Lamp Type
|
Shielding
|
Enclosure
| |
|
Mercury vapor
|
Fully shielded
|
None
| |
|
Low pressure sodium
|
Fully shielded
|
None
| |
|
High pressure sodium
|
Fully shielded
|
None
| |
|
Metal halide
|
Fully shielded
|
Yes
| |
|
Fluorescent
|
Fully shielded
|
Yes
| |
|
Quartz
|
Fully shielded
|
None
| |
|
Incandescent greater than 160 watt
|
Fully shielded
|
None
| |
|
Incandescent 150 watt or less
|
Partial shielding
|
None
| |
|
Glass tube filled with argon, krypton
|
None
|
None
| |
G.
The
fixture lamp types within Table 1 are further limited as follows:
1.
Clear mercury lamps are not permitted for general illumination. Only
mercury vapor lamps that are environmentally safe, as defined (by
the manufacturer) by their ability to be recycled and self-extinguish,
are permitted.
2.
Except where color rendition is critical, this lamp type is a permitted
light source to minimize undesirable emission into the night sky due
to its monochromatic spectral distribution.
3.
Metal halide lamps shall be installed only in enclosed luminaires.
4.
Warm white and natural lamps are required in order to minimize detrimental
effects.
5.
For the purposes of this Subsection, quartz lamps are not considered
an incandescent light source.
H.
Illuminance And Uniformity. To achieve uniformity of light
distribution and reduce light pollution, glare and spill-over, all
outdoor lighting for non-security purposes shall meet the foot-candle
standards set forth in Table 2 (Foot-candle Standards):
|
Table 2. Foot-candle Standards
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Location
|
Average Maintained Foot-candles
|
Uniformity Ratio
(avg:min)
| |
|
Roadways, local, residential
|
0.4
|
6:1
| |
|
Roadways, local, commercial
|
0.9
|
6:1
| |
|
Walkways and bikeways
|
0.5
|
5:1
| |
|
Building entrances and exits
|
5.0
|
N/A
| |
|
Outdoor storage areas
|
8.0
|
N/A
| |
I.
Parking
Area Lighting. Contains illumination standards for parking areas.
1.
Exterior lighting shall be provided in all parking areas.
2.
Parking lot lighting shall provide the minimum lighting necessary
to ensure adequate vision and comfort in parking areas and to not
cause glare or direct illumination onto adjacent properties of streets
or public/private rights-of-way.
3.
Parking area lighting shall be designed and installed so as to achieve
the illumination levels set forth in Table 3 (Illumination Standards
in Foot-candles for Structures and Their Parking Areas) below. Lighting
shall be maintained so as to achieve not less than eighty percent
(80%) of the minimum and average illumination levels.
4.
For the purpose of Table 3, "commercial" refers to parking areas
for any land use, regardless of zoning designation, in which goods
or services are offered to the general public on the premises.
5.
The City planner may permit lighting arrangements exceeding the maximum
initial level set forth in Table 3 below, lighting designs which substantially
exceed the required minimum and average illumination levels.
6.
Parking lot lighting shall be fully shielded, flat-lens enclosed
luminaires.
7.
Mounting heights of lighting fixtures shall not exceed thirty (30)
feet.
|
Table 3. Illumination Standards in Foot-candles for Structures
and Their Parking Areas
| ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Residential
|
Commercial
|
Other
| ||
|
Minimum initial level at any point on the parking area
|
0.07
|
0.5
|
0.3
| |
|
Average initial level
|
0.35
|
1.0
|
0.5
| |
|
Maximum initial level 5 feet from the base of a light standard
|
3.0
|
8.0
|
5.0
| |
J.
Lighting
Of Gas Station Aprons And Canopies. Includes specific regulations
for gas stations.
1.
Lighting levels on gasoline station aprons and under canopies shall
be the minimum lighting necessary to ensure adequate comfort and safety
in accordance with the Lighting Handbook.
2.
Areas on the apron away from the gasoline pump islands used for parking
or vehicle storage shall be illuminated in accordance with the requirements
for parking areas. If no gasoline pumps are provided, the entire apron
shall be treated as a parking area.
3.
Areas around the pump islands and under canopies shall be illuminated
so that the minimum horizontal illuminance at grade level is no more
than five and one-half (5.5) foot-candles. The ratio of average to
minimum illuminance shall be no greater than 4:1. This yields an average
illumination level of no more than twenty-two (22.0) foot candles.
4.
Light fixtures mounted on canopies shall be recessed so that the
lens cover is recessed or flush with the bottom surface of the canopy
and/or shielded by the fixture or the edge of the canopy so that light
is restrained to no more than eighty-five degrees (85°) beyond
the vertical plane.
K.
Lighting Of Public Gathering Places. Lighting fixtures within
outdoor plazas and similar public gathering places shall be either
low-level fixtures (fifteen (15) foot maximum) and/or a combination
of bollards and uplighting in order to create a "human scale" environment.
L.
Lighting
Plan. The applicant for any concept or site plan shall also submit
a lighting plan that complies with this Section. Lighting plans are
approved by the City Engineer. The following information shall be
included in the plan:
1.
A diagram indicating the location of all standards and fixtures and
the proposed type of illuminating devices, fixtures, lamps, supports,
reflectors and other devices as well as a photometric plan denoting
foot-candle levels;
2.
A description of the illuminating devices, fixtures, lamps, color
of lights, supports, reflectors and other devices.
3.
A cut sheet delineating all light standards and fixtures.
M.
Enforcement. The compliance with standards and regulations
contained in the Article shall be in accordance with those established
in the Municipal Code.
[CC 1981 §430.030; Ord. No. 638 §2(430.030), 11-14-1990]
A.
Computation. When the determination of the number of off-street
parking spaces required by this Section results in a requirement of
a fractional space of one-half (½) or less, an extra space
may be disregarded.
B.
Location. The location of off-street parking facilities
in relation to the use served shall be as prescribed herein. All distances
specified shall be walking distances between such parking facilities
and the use served.
1.
Residential districts. All required off-street parking
for uses permitted in residential districts shall be on the same lot
as uses served.
2.
Non-residential districts. All required off-street
parking for permitted uses in districts other than residential shall
be on the same lot as the uses served. However, where an increase
in the number of spaces is required by a change or enlargement of
the use, the required spaces may be located and maintained not to
exceed three hundred (300) feet from the building served, upon approval
by the Planning and Zoning Board.
C.
Lighting. The illumination of off-street lighting facilities
in non-residential districts shall be designed so that the light from
such facilities does not reflect direct rays or spill over into residential
districts. Lighting arrangements shall be approved by the City Engineer
or his/her authorized representative.
D.
Striping. All non-residential off-street parking and loading
areas shall be striped.
E.
Paving. In all zoning districts, all parking and loading
areas, including driveways, shall be paved.
F.
Construction Standards. All ground surface off-street parking
and loading areas shall be constructed to City of Winchester standards.
Said parking shall be maintained in a clean, orderly and dust-free
condition.
G.
Minimum Off-Street Parking Dimensions. The regulations of
this Section shall govern the dimensions of off-street parking spaces,
including those provided in developments approved by special procedures.
1.
Except as otherwise provided for in this Section, the requirements
for off-street parking shall be as set forth in the following table:
|
Parking Table
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F
|
G
| |
|
45°
|
9.0'
|
19.7'
|
12.5'
|
12.7'
|
51.9'
|
45.6'
| |
|
60°
|
9.0'
|
21.0'
|
17.5'
|
10.5'
|
59.5'
|
55.0'
| |
|
90°
|
9.0'
|
19.0'
|
22.0'
|
9.0'
|
60.0'
|
—
| |
|
A.
|
Parking angle
|
E.
|
Curb length per car
| |
|
B.
|
Stall width
|
F.
|
Curb to curb
| |
|
C.
|
19' minimum stall to curb
|
G.
|
Center to center width of double row with aisle between
| |
|
D.
|
Aisle width*
|
|
|
*Additional width may be required where the aisle serves as
principal means of access to on-site buildings or structures.
|
2.
In the event that the desired parking angle is not specified by the
above table, the City Planning and Zoning Administrator, upon review
by the City Engineer, may specify other equivalent dimensions associated
with the desired parking angle by interpolating from dimensions listed
in the table.
 |
H.
Supplementary Off-Street Parking And Loading Requirements.[1]
1.
The dimension for disabled parking spaces shall be required as per
the (BOCA) basic Building Code. Each space shall be inclusive of the
off-street space requirements specified and shall be marked by an
above grade sign. Said sign shall be centered at the interior end
of the parking space at a minimum height of forty-eight (48) inches
from the bottom of the sign to the parking space finished grade. Surface
markings may also be used to identify disabled parking stalls. The
schedule below shall be standard for determining the number of spaces.
|
|
Number of Spaces
|
Disabled Parking Spaces Required (Minimum)
|
|---|---|---|
|
|
1 — 10
|
0
|
|
|
11 — 50
|
1
|
|
|
51 — 100
|
2
|
|
|
101 — 500
|
3
|
|
|
Over 500
|
2 per building entry
|
2.
All parking spaces in any "R" District shall be on the same lot as
the uses served. In no case shall said spaces encroach into the public
right-of-way.
3.
On-site parallel parking stalls shall be nine (9) feet by twenty-two
(22) feet adjacent to a twenty-two (22) foot two-way lane or fifteen
(15) feet where adjacent to a one-way lane.
4.
Curbed islands are required at ends of aisles where necessary for
traffic control or drainage.
5.
All areas for off-street parking and loading in the non-residential
district shall be so arranged that vehicles at no time shall be required
to back into any street or roadway to gain access thereto.
6.
Off-street parking areas in any non-residential district shall provide
ingress and egress to any public right-of-way only at such location
as approved by the Missouri Department of Transportation or the St.
Louis County Department of Highways and Traffic and the City depending
on which has jurisdiction over the public right-of-way.
7.
When an off-street parking lot for five (5) or more vehicles lies
adjacent any "R" District, a setback of not less than ten (10) feet
shall be provided between the parking lot and adjoining any residential
district. Said parking setbacks shall be effectively screened. Such
screening shall consist of a sight-proof fence or wall, and such screening
shall be not less than six (6) feet in height above the surface elevation
of the parking area, except where sight distance regulations at street
intersections require other arrangements. When requested by the property
owner, the City Engineer may approve the use of topographic features,
landscaping or a combination of fences, walls, topographic features
or landscaping in lieu of fences or walls, where such alternates will
achieve a comparable effect.
8.
In a "C" District, no unenclosed parking or loading space or internal
drive, except for ingress and egress drives, shall be closer to the
street right-of-way than fifteen (15) feet. The area within fifteen
(15) feet of the street right-of-way shall be landscaped as approved
by the City Engineer.
9.
No off-street parking space required under this Article shall be
used for any other purpose. Where a change in use creates greater
parking requirements than the amount being provided, an occupancy
permit shall not be issued until provision is made for the increased
amount of required off-street parking.
10.
Where an addition is made to an existing use which does not comply
with the parking requirements cited for such use, additional parking
shall be provided as required.
11.
Where minimum requirement is specified or when one (1) or more of
the parking requirements may be construed as applicable to the same
use, lot or building, the final determination of required parking
shall be made by the City Engineer.
12.
No person shall stop, stand or park a vehicle on any portion of any
lot, tract or parcel of ground extending beyond the front building
line if such lot, tract or parcel of ground is not constructed, maintained
and established as a parking lot as provided in the Zoning Ordinance
of the City of Winchester. This shall not apply to vehicles parked
on public streets or on any private driveway, surfaced or unsurfaced,
in the City of Winchester. For the purpose of this Section, there
shall be only one (1) driveway per lot, tract or parcel of ground
and the width shall not exceed twenty-five (25) feet.
13.
When determining the parking for any non-residential district, it
shall be based on the gross square footage (where applicable). Gross
floor area (GFA) is the sum of the gross horizontal areas of the several
floors of a building or structure measured from the interior faces
of the interior walls or from the interior line of walls separating
two (2) buildings or structures. The following shall be included in
the GFA total:
[1]
Editor's Note: The Supplementary Off-Street Parking and Loading
Requirements table is included as an attachment to this chapter.
[CC 1981 §430.040; Ord. No. 638 §2(430.040), 11-14-1990]
A.
Location. All off-street loading spaces shall be located
on the same zoning lot as the use served. No loading berth for vehicles
over eight thousand (8,000) pounds gross vehicular weight shall be
closer than fifty (50) feet to any property in a residential district
unless completely enclosed by building walls or solid fence or wall,
or combination thereof, no less than ten (10) feet in height. No loading
berth shall be located within twenty-five (25) feet of the nearest
point of intersection of any two (2) streets.
B.
Size (Minimum). Unless otherwise specified, a required loading
space shall be at least twelve (12) feet in width and at least fifty
(50) feet in length, exclusive of aisles and maneuvering space and
shall have a vertical clearance of fourteen (14) feet.
C.
Access. Each off-street loading space shall be designed
with appropriate and safe means of vehicular access to a street or
alley in a manner which will least interfere with traffic movements.
Said access shall be approved upon review of the Planning and Zoning
Board.
D.
Repair And Service. No motor vehicle repair work of service
of any kind shall be permitted in conjunction with loading facilities
provided in any zoning district.
E.
Drainage And Maintenance. Off-street loading facilities
shall be drained to eliminate water and prevent damage to abutting
property and/or public streets and alleys and surfaced with erosion-resistant
material in accordance with City specification. Off-street loading
areas shall be maintained in a clean, orderly and dust-free condition
by the owner or lessee.
F.
Restricted Parking. Space allocated to any off-street loading
berth shall not, while so allocated, be used to satisfy the space
requirements for any off-street parking facilities or portions thereof.
G.
Surfacing. All open, off-street loading berths shall be
improved with the standards established by the City.
H.
Below Minimum Floor Area. Uses for which off-street loading
facilities are required herein but which are located in buildings
of less floor area than the minimum for which facilities are required
shall be provided with adequate receiving facilities as determined
upon review by the Planning and Zoning Board.
I.
Special Use And Conditions. For special uses and uses other
than specified in this Article, loading spaces, adequate in number
and size to serve such use, shall be determined upon review by the
Planning and Zoning Board. In any case, the Board, upon recommendation
by the City Engineer, may eliminate or reduce the full provision of
loading facilities where application of said provision is either impractical
under certain conditions or unnecessary due to the nature of such
uses.
J.
Loading Space Required. For the uses listed in the following
table, off-street loading shall be provided on the basis of gross
floor area of building or portions thereof devoted to such uses in
the amounts shown herein.
|
|
Floor Area in Square Feet
|
Loading Spaces Required
|
