Sieve Size Square Openings (inches) | Total Percent Passing by Weight Designated Stone Size: 3/4 Stone |
---|---|
1 | 100% |
3/4 | 90% to 100% |
1/2 | 20% to 50% |
3/8 | 0% to 20% |
Minimum Cement | ||
---|---|---|
Minimum Compressive Strength at 28 Days (pounds per square inch) | Factor Sacks Cement (94 pounds) Per Cubic Yard Concrete | Maximum Total Water, Including Free Water, in Aggregate Gallons Per Sack Cement |
3,000 | 6.00 | 5.5 |
Square Mesh Sieves | Gravel Fill (percent passing) | 3/4" Crushed Stone by Weight |
---|---|---|
Pass 3 1/2" | 100% | — |
Pass 1 1/2" | 55% to 100% | — |
Pass 1" | — | 100 |
Pass 3/4" | — | 90 to 100 |
Pass 1/2" | — | 20 to 50 |
Pass 3/8" | — | 0 to 20 |
Pass 1/4" | 25% to 60% | — |
Pass #4 | — | 0 to 5 |
Pass #10 | 15% to 45% | — |
Pass #40 | 5% to 25% | — |
Pass #100 | 0% to 10% | — |
Pass #200 | 0% to 5% | — |
Table 1 Maximum Stacking Heights - Ductile-Iron Pipe* | |
---|---|
Nominal Pipe Size (inches) | Number of Tiers |
3 | 18 |
4 | 16 |
6 | 13 |
8 | 11 |
10 | 10 |
12 | 9 |
14 | 8 |
16 | 7 |
* | For 18- or 20-foot (5.5- or 6.1-meter) lengths. |
Table 2 Mechanical Joint Bolt Torque | ||
---|---|---|
Pipe Size (inches) | Bolt Size (inch) | Range of Torque [foot-pound (N-M)] |
3 | 5/8 | 45 to 60 (61 to 81) |
4 to 24 | 3/4 | 75 to 90 (102 to 122) |
Table 3 Maximum Joint Deflection* Full-Length Pipe-Push-On-Type Joint | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum Offset (inches) | Approximate Radius of Curve Produced by Succession of Joints (feet) | ||||
Nominal Pipe Size (inches) | Deflection Angle (degrees) | 18-foot length | 20-foot length | 18-foot length | 20-foot length |
3 | 5° | 19 | 21 | 205 | 230 |
4 | 5° | 19 | 21 | 205 | 230 |
6 | 5° | 19 | 21 | 205 | 230 |
8 | 5° | 19 | 21 | 205 | 230 |
10 | 5° | 19 | 21 | 205 | 230 |
12 | 5° | 19 | 21 | 205 | 230 |
14 | 3°* | 11 | 12 | 340 | 380 |
16 | 3°* | 11 | 12 | 340 | 380 |
* | For 14-inch and larger push-on joints, maximum deflection angle may be larger than shown above. Consult manufacturer. |
Table 4 Maximum Joint Deflection Full-Length Pipe-Mechanical-Joint Pipe | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum Offset (inches) | Approximate Radius of Curve Produced by Succession of Joints (feet) | ||||
Nominal Pipe Size (inches) | Deflection Angle (degrees) | 18-Foot Length | 20-Foot Length | 18-Foot Length | 20-Foot Length |
3 | 8° to 18° | 31 | 35 | 125 | 140 |
4 | 8° to 18° | 31 | 35 | 125 | 140 |
6 | 7° to 07° | 27 | 30 | 145 | 160 |
8 | 5° to 21° | 20 | 22 | 195 | 220 |
10 | 5° to 21° | 20 | 22 | 195 | 220 |
12 | 5° to 21° | 20 | 22 | 195 | 220 |
14 | 3° to 35° | 13 1/2 | 15 | 285 | 320 |
16 | 3° to 35° | 13 1/2 | 15 | 285 | 320 |
L = S*D*(Square Root of P)/133,200 |
in which L is the allowable leakage, in gallons per hour; S is the length of pipe tested, in feet; D is the nominal diameter of the pipe, in inches; and P is the average test pressure during the leakage test, in pounds per square inch gauge. This formula is based on an allowable leakage of 11.65 gallons per day, per mile, per inch nominal diameter at a pressure of 150 pounds per square inch. Allowable leakage at various pressures is shown in Table 5. |
Table 5 Allowable Leakage per 1,000 feet of Pipeline* (gallons per hour) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominal Pipe Diameter (inches) | ||||||||
Average Test Pressure (pounds per square inch) | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 |
450 | 0.48 | 0.64 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.59 | 1.91 | 2.23 | 2.55 |
400 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.90 | 1.20 | 1.50 | 1.80 | 2.10 | 2.40 |
350 | 0.42 | 0.56 | 0.84 | 1.12 | 1.40 | 1.69 | 1.97 | 2.25 |
300 | 0.39 | 0.52 | 0.78 | 1.04 | 1.30 | 1.56 | 1.82 | 2.08 |
275 | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.24 | 1.49 | 1.74 | 1.99 |
250 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.71 | 0.95 | 1.19 | 1.42 | 1.66 | 1.90 |
225 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.68 | 0.90 | 1.13 | 1.35 | 1.58 | 1.80 |
200 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.64 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 1.28 | 1.48 | 1.70 |
175 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 0.59 | 0.80 | 0.99 | 1.19 | 1.39 | 1.59 |
150 | 0.28 | 0.37 | 0.55 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 1.10 | 1.29 | 1.47 |
125 | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 0.84 | 1.01 | 1.18 | 1.34 |
100 | 0.23 | 0.30 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.75 | 0.90 | 1.05 | 1.20 |
Note: | |
* | If the pipeline under test contains sections of various diameters, the allowable leakage will be the sum of the computed leakage for each size. |