[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § A]
This Part is intended to promote safe and efficient traffic
flow on higher order roadways within the Township of North Lebanon,
while protecting the rights of abutting landowners to reasonable street
access. By reducing the potential for crashes at access points along
the corridor and avoiding future degradation of roadway capacity,
this Part serves to promote the public health, safety and welfare
of the people of the Township of North Lebanon.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § B]
1.
This Part shall pertain to all applications for subdivision and land
development approval, or building permit, for lots with frontage along
the following roadways within North Lebanon Township:
|
Principal Arterials
| |
|---|---|
|
US Route 422
| |
|
PA Route 72
|
|
Minor Arterials
| |
|---|---|
|
Tunnel Hill Road (SR 4002)
|
|
Major Collectors
| |
|---|---|
|
PA Route 343
| |
|
Grace Avenue (SR 1003)
| |
|
Sandhill Road (SR 1003)
| |
|
Maple Street (SR 1004)
| |
|
Mount Zion Road (SR 1011)
|
|
Other
| |
|---|---|
|
Heilmandale Road (SR 4006)
| |
|
Jay Street (T477)
| |
|
Kochenderfer Road (T487)
| |
|
Kimmerlings Road (T487)
| |
|
Prescott Drive (SR 1013)
|
2.
The Township may grant a modification of the requirements of this
Part if the Township concludes that the literal enforcement will exact
undue hardship because of peculiar conditions pertaining to the land
in question, provided that such modifications will not be contrary
to the public interest and that the purpose and intent of this Part
is observed.
3.
Except for those criteria found within this Part, Pennsylvania Department
of Transportation (PennDOT) criteria as found in Pennsylvania Code
441 shall govern the design of intersections of arterial and major
collector roadways with private driveways and with other public roadways.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § C]
The location of the intersection of a highway, street or
driveway with another highway.
Average daily traffic volume, or the number of vehicles passing
a single point on a roadway in a twenty-four-hour period adjusted
by day of the week and monthly factors.
The time elapsed between the passing of the first and last
possible vehicles moving at the design speed through a coordinated
traffic signal system. Band width is expressed as a percentage of
the signal cycle in which vehicles on the major street receive a green
indication.
A service driveway providing vehicular access between two
or more contiguous sites so that the driver need not re-enter the
public street system.
The overall opening dimension at the curbline measured between
the points of tangency of the driveway radii if curbing exists or
the maximum width of opening at the curbline/edge of the roadway if
curbing does not exist.
Every entrance or exit used by vehicular traffic to or from
properties abutting a public street or road. This term does not include
proposed streets.
The radius of the curb or pavement at the intersection of
the public roadway and the driveway.
The section of a driveway between the highway right of way
and the first internal intersecting driveway within the site.
A driveway used or expected to be used by more than 1,500
vehicles per day.
A driveway connecting two or more contiguous sites to the
public street system.
A driveway used or expected to be used by more than 25 but
less than 750 vehicles per day.
A driveway used or expected to be used by more than 750 but
less than 1,500 vehicles per day.
A residential or other driveway which is used or expected
to be used by not more than 25 vehicles per day.
The numbers of vehicles passing a single point during one
hour during a defined peak period of a day, usually the morning or
evening commuter peak or the Saturday shopping peak.
The permit issued by PennDOT to approve any construction,
including driveways, within all PennDOT rights of way.
A road that runs parallel to a higher-speed road, and which
provides access to all abutting land uses. The service road feeds
the higher speed road at appropriate points of access.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § D]
Driveways that do not conform to the regulations in this Part,
and were constructed before the adoption of this Part, shall be considered
legal nonconforming driveways. However, nonconforming driveway(s)
shall be reconstructed to comply with this Part if there is a change
in use or intensity of the land use, such that the use of the access
increases peak hour or ADT volume by 10% or more and by 100 daily
trips, based on the latest edition of Trip Generation published by
the Institute of Transportation Engineers or upon other data approved
by the Township Manager of Board of Supervisors.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § E]
Issuance of a PennDOT Highway Occupancy Permit (HOP) does not
guarantee site plan approval by the Township nor does it deem the
plan in conformance with this Part. The HOP submittal to PennDOT should
not occur before approval to do so by the Township. However, upon
request of the applicant or request of the Township, PennDOT may be
brought into the Township review process to reconcile site design
and access issues.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § F]
1.
One driveway shall be permitted per property. Additional driveways
shall be permitted if the applicant demonstrates that:
A.
The design is in the best interest of efficient traffic operations
on the site including, but not limited to, reducing delays at a single
access point that would otherwise operate at worse than a Level of
Service 'C' in rural areas and Level of Service 'D' in urban areas,
and can improve safety;
B.
The frontage of the property is sufficient to permit multiple driveways in accordance with the spacing requirements of § 21-615.
C.
All driveways on the property will be interconnected with an internal
circulation network.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § G]
For properties that abut two or more roadways, the Township
may restrict access to only one roadway, if all movements can be efficiently
and safely accommodated on that roadway and if doing so serves the
goal of managing the number of access points and thus better maintains
mobility on the restricted roadway. For properties fronting a state
roadway and local roadway, access can be restricted to the local roadway
notwithstanding the ability to receive a Highway Occupancy Permit
(HOP) from PennDOT for access to the state roadway.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § H]
1.
Following are the minimum and maximum driveway radii (in feet), as
related to the posted speeds on the accessed street. Table § 608.1
pertains to land uses with infrequent service by buses and combination
trucks. Table § 608.2 pertains to land uses which are regularly
serviced by buses and combination trucks.
|
Table § 608.1
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Posted speed limit of street being accessed
| |||||
|
Less than 45 mph
|
45 mph and greater
| ||||
|
Min.
|
Max.
|
Min.
|
Max.
| ||
|
Minimum Use
|
5
|
15
|
10
|
25
| |
|
Low Volume
|
10
|
15
|
15
|
25
| |
|
Medium Volume
|
15
|
30
|
15
|
50
| |
|
High Volume
|
30
|
50
|
40
|
50
| |
|
Table § 608.2
| |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Posted speed limit of street being accessed
| |||||
|
Less than 45 mph
|
45 mph and greater
| ||||
|
Min.
|
Max.
|
Min.
|
Max.
| ||
|
Minimum Use
|
35
|
50
|
40
|
55
| |
|
Low Volume
|
35
|
50
|
45
|
55
| |
|
Medium Volume
|
45
|
55
|
50
|
55
| |
|
High Volume
|
45
|
55
|
50
|
55
| |
2.
In areas with regular pedestrian activity, landowners should use
the minimum driveway radius provided.
3.
Not withstanding any of the above, the applicant shall prepare a
truck circulation plan to document that the largest truck that will
regularly service the site can be accommodated by the site circulation
design and the access design.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § I]
1.
Minimum and maximum dimensions for the width of driveways in the
throat are provided below. Driveways shall be designed such that the
opening at the curbline is no larger than necessary. The maximum desirable
curbline opening is 50 feet.
2.
The dimensions in the table assume one lane in each direction; engineering
judgment should be used to determine appropriate dimensions for multi-lane
driveways.
|
One-way
|
Two-way
| ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Min.
|
10 feet
|
20 feet
| |
|
Max.
|
24 feet
|
28 feet
|
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § J]
Following is the minimum length of driveways from the public
street to an internal driveway or intersection:
|
Driveway
|
Length
|
|---|---|
|
Minimum use
|
25 feet
|
|
Low volume
|
50 feet
|
|
Medium volume
|
120 feet
|
|
High volume
|
150 feet
|
|
An illustration of driveway radius, width and length is provided
in the Appendix, Figure 1.
|
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § K]
1.
Driveway grade requirements where curb is not present on the intersecting
street:
A.
The change in grade between the cross-slope of the connecting roadway
or shoulder and the driveway shall not exceed 8%.
B.
The driveway grade shall not exceed 8% within 10 feet of the travel
lane for minimum use driveways and within 40 feet for low, medium
and high volume driveways.
C.
A forty-foot minimum vertical curve shall be used for a high volume
driveway.
2.
Driveway grade requirements where curbs and sidewalks are present:
A.
The difference between the cross slope of the roadway and the grade
of the driveway apron may not exceed 8%.
B.
The driveway grade shall not exceed 8% within 10 feet of the travel
lane for minimum use driveways and within 40 feet for low, medium
and high volume driveways.
C.
If the driveway grade would exceed 8% in the area between the curb
and sidewalk, the street side of the sidewalk may be depressed to
enable the driveway grade to stay within 8%.
D.
The sidewalk cross slope shall be no greater than 1/4 inch per foot.
If the sidewalk cross slope exceeds 1/4 inch per foot, the entire
sidewalk may be depressed. The longitudinal grade of the sidewalk
may not exceed two inches per foot.
3.
An illustration of driveway profile is provided in the Appendix,
Figure 2.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § L]
1.
Where it is found necessary to restrict particular turning movements
at a driveway due to the potential disruption to the orderly flow
of traffic or as a result of sight distance constraints, the Township
may require a raised channelization island.
2.
Raised channelization islands shall be designed with criteria consistent
with the latest edition of the AASHTO (American Association of State
Highway Transportation Officials) publication, A Policy on Geometric
Design of Highways and Streets.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § M]
Driveways shall be located directly across from a public roadway
or private driveway on the opposite side of an undivided roadway where
feasible. If it is not possible to align driveways on opposite sides,
the center lines of access points should be offset by at least 150
feet. In no case shall left turns into the driveway be made across
a left turn lane serving another driveway or street on the opposite
side of the roadway.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § N]
1.
Safe sight distance shall be available for all permitted turning
movements at all driveways onto Township roads, and shall be documented
on the site plans.
2.
Pennsylvania Code, Chapter 441, "Access to and Occupancy of Highways
by Driveways and Local Roads," and PennDOT Pub. 70, "Guidelines for
the Design of Local Roads and Streets," shall be referenced to determine
minimum driveway and roadway intersection safe sight distance requirements.
3.
All driveways and intersecting roadways shall be designed and located
so that the sight distance is optimized to the degree possible without
jeopardizing other requirements such as intersection spacing.
4.
No waiver shall be permitted for this requirement.
5.
An illustration of sight distance is provided in the Appendix, Figure
3.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § O]
1.
Driveway spacing is measured from the center of one driveway to the
center of the next driveway, along the same side of the roadway.
2.
The following driveway spacing standards are to be followed for arterial
roadways and major collector roads:
|
Posted Speed
(mph)
|
Minimum Spacing
(feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
30
|
200
| |
|
35
|
250
| |
|
40
|
300
| |
|
45
|
360
| |
|
50
|
425
| |
|
55
|
490
|
3.
If these driveway spacing standards cannot be met, a system of joint
or cross access driveways, frontage roads or service roads may be
required.
4.
When possible, all driveways shall be located outside the limits
of deceleration and acceleration lanes serving the adjacent driveway
or intersection. The Township or PennDOT may require acceleration
and deceleration lanes of adjacent driveways to be connected to form
an auxiliary lane.
5.
Pre-existing lots in residential zoning districts, which do not have
sufficient lot frontage to meet the above driveway spacing standards,
are permitted to install one driveway to serve single-family homes
approved for construction.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § P]
1.
Driveways on arterial and collector roadways shall meet the following
spacing standards from intersecting roadways:
|
Posted Speed
(mph)
|
Minimum Spacing
(feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
30
|
200
| |
|
35
|
250
| |
|
40
|
300
| |
|
45
|
360
| |
|
50
|
425
| |
|
55
|
490
|
2.
If minimum corner clearance standards cannot be achieved due to constraints,
the following shall apply in all cases:
A.
The driveway shall be sited as far from the corner as possible.
B.
The Township may require turn restrictions at the driveway if the
Township Manager of Board of Supervisors determines that the location
of the driveway and particular ingress or egress movements will create
safety or operational problems.
C.
The Township may require installation of joint or cross access driveways,
or frontage or service roads.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § Q]
1.
The Township may require a joint or cross access driveway on any property when possible in order to maintain efficient traffic flow on the abutting public roadway, particularly in order to achieve the driveway spacing standards of § 21-615 and the corner clearance standards of § 21-616.
A.
The Township shall waive this requirement if installing a joint or
cross access driveway is not possible. In such cases, the property
owner shall sign an agreement to close the permitted driveway and
to seek to establish a joint or cross access driveway, if possible,
when an adjoining property is developed or redeveloped.
2.
Documentation that a joint or cross access driveway is not possible
may include, but is not limited to:
3.
If a joint or cross access is developed, the property owners shall:
A.
Record an easement with the deed allowing cross access to and from
other properties served by the driveway.
B.
Record a joint agreement with the deed defining maintenance responsibilities
of the property owners along the driveway.
C.
Record an agreement with the municipality so that future access rights
along the driveway are granted at the discretion of the municipality.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § R]
The Township may require developers to extend a service roadway
through the subject property when doing so will result in fewer trips
directly accessing the higher order roadway.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § S]
For commercial and office developments comprised of more than
one building site and under the same ownership at the time of application
and consolidated for the purposes of development, the Township shall
require that the development, including all outparcels, be served
by an internal drive that is separated from the main roadway. Outparcel
access shall demonstrate safe, efficient ingress and egress and avoid
queuing across other driveways and parking aisles.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § T]
Land uses generating more than 500 trips per day shall provide
pedestrian connections from their side or rear yards to adjoining
land uses when possible. The intent of this section is to shorten
pedestrian trips between abutting pedestrian generators, such as retail
centers and multi-family residential developments. This requirement
may be waived for connections between pedestrian generators and properties
with single-family and two-family residences. These direct pedestrian
connections shall be provided in addition to the installation of sidewalks
along the front of the property.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § U]
1.
The following table indicates minimum spacing (in feet) for traffic
signals for efficient vehicular progression:
|
Cycle length
(sec.)
|
Speed
(mph)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
25
|
30
|
35
|
40
|
45
|
50
|
55
| |
|
60
|
1,100
|
1,320
|
1,540
|
1,760
|
1,980
|
2,200
|
2,430
|
|
70
|
1,280
|
1,540
|
1,800
|
2,050
|
2,310
|
2,500
|
2,640
|
|
80
|
1,470
|
1,760
|
2,050
|
2,350
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
|
90
|
1,630
|
1,980
|
2,310
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
|
120
|
2,200
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
|
150
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
2,640
|
A.
Warrants for the signalization of an intersection shall be justified
by PennDOT Pub. 201M, Engineering and Traffic Studies, with County
and municipal concurrence, through a formal municipal resolution to
maintain and operate the traffic signal in accordance with the Permit
issued by PennDOT.
2.
The location of a traffic signal shall result in a minimum band width
percentage as indicated in the following table:
|
Roadway Function
|
Minimum Acceptable Band Width
| |
|---|---|---|
|
Principal Arterial
|
50%
| |
|
Minor Arterial
|
40%
| |
|
Collector and Local
|
30%
|
3.
The study area for the band width analysis shall include the traffic
signal to either side of the proposed signal, and all traffic signals
within the coordinated traffic signal system, if a coordinated system
exists or is proposed.
4.
A waiver from these signal spacing standards may be given to arterial
or collector roadways that serve as the main street of a mixed use
business district with a traditional grid street network. In these
areas, signal spacing of one block length with a minimum of 300 feet
may be acceptable, with no minimum bandwidth.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § V]
1.
Development projects shall require a right turn deceleration lane
on the major road at an unsignalized intersection under all of the
following conditions:
2.
Following are the minimum deceleration lengths on roadways with a
grade of 2% or less. These lengths include both the taper and the
full-width deceleration lane:
|
Speed
(mph)
|
Deceleration Length
(feet)
| |
|---|---|---|
|
35
|
220
| |
|
40
|
275
| |
|
45
|
360
| |
|
50
|
425
| |
|
55
|
510
|
A.
For roads with grades greater than 2%, the deceleration lengths shall
be multiplied by the following factors:
|
Slope
|
Upgrade
|
Downgrade
| |
|---|---|---|---|
|
3% to 4%
|
.9
|
1.2
| |
|
5% to 6%
|
.8
|
1.35
|
3.
Deceleration lanes are not required on roadways with a posted speed
of 40 mph or less; however, where deceleration lanes are installed
on such roadways, they should be at least the length indicated in
the table.
4.
Where the width of the roadway right-of-way is insufficient to permit
construction of the right turn/deceleration lane, the property owner
shall provide any necessary right-of-way. Where the lot frontage is
insufficient to permit installation of a deceleration lane of the
recommended length, the property owner may be requested to set back
the front curb for the length of the property if development on the
adjacent property is eventually anticipated.
5.
An illustration of a deceleration lane is provided in the Appendix,
Figure 4.
[Ord. 5-2007, 12/17/2007, § W]
Signalized intersections shall require the installation of a
left-turn lane when a capacity analysis indicates that the operation
of an intersection, approach, or movement will operate at Levels of
Service "E" or "F" and the operation of the intersection, approach
or movement can be improved with the installation of one or more left
turn lanes.
