A.
B.
Quality assurance.
(1)
Reference standards.
(a)
(b)
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
[1]
D698, Test Method of Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft.-lbf./ft3).
[2]
D1557, Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics
of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft.-lbf./ft3).
[3]
D2922, Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil Aggregate in
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
(2)
Testing agency. Compaction testing shall be performed by a soils
testing laboratory engaged and paid for by the contractor and approved
by the municipality.
(3)
Compaction testing. Determine compaction by the testing procedure
contained in ASTM D698 or ASTM D1557.
D.
Job conditions.
(1)
Classification of excavation. Site excavation work includes excavation
and removal of all soil, shale, rock, boulders, fill, and all other
materials encountered of whatever nature.
(2)
Control of traffic. Employ traffic control measures in accordance
with Publication 203, Work Zone Traffic Control.
(3)
Protection of existing utilities and structures.
(a)
Take all precautions and utilize all facilities required to
protect existing utilities and structures in compliance with Pennsylvania
Underground Utility Protection Law.[1] Request cooperative steps of the utility and suggestions
for procedures to avoid damage to its lines.
[1]
Editor's Note: See 73 P.S. § 176 et seq.
(b)
Allow free access to utility personnel at all times for purposes
of maintenance, repair and inspection.
A.
Acceptable materials. For purposes of construction control, subject
to approval and inspection by the municipality or other specifically
designated personnel, the following materials may be deemed acceptable
for use in placement of fills.
(1)
Soil. Soil shall include all inorganic material having a maximum
size that can be readily placed and compacted in loose eight-inch
layers and of which more than 35% shall pass the No. 200 sieve. Soil
shall have a minimum dry weight density of 98 pounds per cubic foot
as determined in accordance with PTM No. 106, Method B, and a maximum
liquid limit of 65 as determined in accordance with AASHTO Designation
T89. The plasticity index, as determined by AASHTO Designation T90
for soils having liquid limits of 41 to 65 inclusive, shall be not
less than that determined by the formula:
|
Plasticity index = Liquid limit - 30.
|
(2)
Granular material. Granular material shall include all natural or
synthetic mineral aggregates having a maximum size that can be readily
placed and compacted in loose eight-inch layers and of which 35% or
less shall pass the No. 200 sieve.
(3)
Shale. Shale shall include all rock-like materials formed by the
natural consolidation of mud, clay, silt and fine sand and usually
thinly laminated, comparatively soft and easily split, having a maximum
size that can be readily placed and compacted in loose eight-inch
layers.
(4)
Rock. Rock shall include all igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary
rock having a maximum size that can be readily placed and compacted
in loose eight-inch layers and which generally has sufficient fines
to normally fill all the voids in each layer.
(5)
Random materials. Random material shall include any combination of
the above classifications and may include old concrete, brick, etc.,
from demolition having a maximum size that can be readily placed and
compacted in loose eight-inch layers, and which have been approved
by the municipality.
A.
Maintenance and protection of traffic.
(1)
Coordinate the work to ensure the least inconvenience to traffic
and maintain traffic on one or more unobstructed lanes unless closing
of the roadway is authorized.
(2)
Maintain access to all streets and private drives and for emergency
vehicles.
(3)
Provide and maintain signs, flashing warning lights, barricades,
markers, and other protective devices as required to conform with
construction operations and to keep traffic flowing with minimum restrictions.
(4)
Comply with state and local codes, permits and regulations.
B.
Salvage topsoil. Within the areas indicated for grading, strip topsoil to the depth of suitable topsoil material and stockpile for subsequent topsoiling operations. See Article IV.
C.
Placement of fill material.
(1)
After removal of topsoil, areas to receive fill shall be thoroughly
rolled, and any soft spots disclosed by rolling shall be excavated
and the unsuitable material removed and disposed of in a waste area.
The excavated area shall be filled with suitable fill material approved
by the municipality and recompacted. Suitable fill material shall
be spread in layers of not more than eight inches (loose) over the
full area of the fill, and compacted to the required density by the
use of compaction equipment. All fill material shall be compacted
to not less than 95% of its maximum dry weight density at its optimum
moisture content, plus or minus 2%, as determined by ASTM D698, under
roadways, shoulders, driveways, curbs, sidewalks, gravel and sand
parking areas and not less than 90% in yards, fields and sand areas.
When the material is too coarse to satisfactorily use these methods,
compaction will be determined by the municipality based on nonmovement
of the material under the compaction equipment.
(2)
Fill material placed in areas inaccessible to the compaction equipment
shall be placed in uniform loose layers not exceeding four inches
in depth and compacted by means of approved mechanical tampers to
the density requirements herein specified.
(3)
When a previously constructed fill requires additional material to
bring it to required elevation, the top of the fill shall be thoroughly
scarified before the required additional material is placed.
(4)
Material containing moisture in excess of that percentage which will
ensure satisfactory compaction shall not be placed in the fill, and
fill material shall not be placed on material that has become unstable
due to excessive moisture.
(5)
Frozen fill material shall not be placed in fills, and fill material
shall not be placed on frozen material. If during construction the
top of the fill freezes, all frozen material shall be removed before
additional material is placed.
(6)
In no case shall waste material be disposed of in the flood channel
or floodway area of any stream.
(7)
Shale and random material containing an excessive quantity of large
fragments shall be so placed that the coarser material is in areas
where no building foundations or utility trenches are to be located.
The large pieces shall then be broken down by the use of approved
equipment until all voids are filled. Mixtures of shale and rock shall
be placed in accordance with the requirements for placing shale.
(8)
Where fill is to be constructed on a slope, the slope shall be benched
to the width and depth shown on the drawings or as approved by the
municipality.
D.
Excavation. Perform excavation of borrow material in a manner satisfactory
to the municipality. Strip borrow pits of brush, trees, roots, grass
and other vegetation prior to removal of material for use in fill.
During the excavation operation, grade the borrow area to ensure free
drainage of water from the area. Place and maintain erosion control
devices after completion of the excavation, grade the excavated area,
including side slopes, to drain and present a uniformly trim appearance
merging into the surrounding terrain. After borrowing operations are
complete, regrade area, if necessary, to prevent erosion.
E.
Blasting.
(1)
Notify municipality at least 24 hours in advance of any blasting
activity with the municipality.
(2)
Blasting is the sole responsibility of the contractor, and no duty
is assumed or to be exercised by municipality relative thereto.
(3)
Blasting work shall be supervised by licensed and experienced personnel
and performed in conformance with applicable federal, state and local
codes.
F.
Control of excavated material.
(1)
Provide temporary barricades to prevent excavated material from encroaching
on private property, walks, gutters, and storm drains.
(2)
Maintain accessibility to all fire hydrants, valve pit covers, valve
boxes, curb boxes, fire and police call boxes, and other utility controls
at all times. Keep gutters clear or provide other satisfactory facilities
for street drainage. Do not obstruct natural water courses. Where
necessary, provide temporary channels to allow the flow of water either
along or across the site of the work.
(3)
All work shall be reviewed and approved by the York County Conservation
District.
G.
Dewatering.
(1)
Keep excavations dry and free of water. Dispose of precipitation
and subsurface water clear of the work.
(2)
Intercept and divert surface drainage away from excavations. Design
surface drainage systems so that they do not cause erosion on or off
the site, or cause unwanted flow of water.
(3)
Comply with federal and state requirements for dewatering to any
watercourse, prevention of stream degradation, and erosion and sediment
control.
I.
Disposal of excavated material. Excavated material remaining after
completion of placement of fills shall be removed from the construction
area, and properly disposed of.
