In all districts, off-street automobile parking spaces and truck loading areas for the various permitted uses shall be required at the time any of the main buildings or structures of such uses are constructed or altered as set forth in the following sections.
A. 
Required off-street automobile parking spaces. The minimum cumulative number of spaces shall be determined by the amount of dwelling units, bedrooms, floor area, members, equipment, employees and/or seats contained in such new buildings or structures or added by alteration of buildings or structures, and such minimum number of spaces shall be maintained by the owners of such buildings or structures as shown in Table 1 below.
B. 
Calculation of required spaces. In the case of combination of uses, the total requirements for off-street automobile parking spaces shall be the sum of the requirements for the various uses, unless it can be proven that staggered hours of use would permit modification. Whenever a major fraction of a space is required, a full space shall be provided.
C. 
Dimensions for off-street automobile parking spaces. Every such space provided shall be at least nine feet wide and 18 feet long, and every space shall have direct and usable driveway access to a street or alley with minimum maneuver area between spaces as follows:
(1) 
Perpendicular parking: twenty-two-foot travel aisle width for two-direction flow and fifteen-foot travel aisle width for one-directional flow.
(2) 
Forty-five-degree parking: fifteen-foot aisle width for one-directional flow and twenty-two-foot aisle width for two-directional flow.
(3) 
Sixty-degree parking: fifteen-foot aisle width for one-directional flow and twenty-two-foot aisle width for two-directional flow.
(4) 
Where parallel curb parking is proposed, each space shall be 22 feet end to end and eight feet from curb to edge of travel aisle, with twelve-foot aisle width for one-directional flow and twenty-two-foot aisle width for two-directional flow.
Table 1. Required Off-Street Parking Spaces
Land Use
Minimum Number of Spaces
Detached 1-family dwelling
Semidetached 1-family dwelling
Townhome dwelling
1-family cottage court dwelling
2-family dwelling
Manufactured home park
Multifamily dwelling
1.3 per dwelling
Farm worker residence
0.5 per dwelling or bed
Assisted living dwelling
Congregate care facility
0.5 per dwelling or bed
Short-term rental
0.5 per permitted occupant
Family child care
1 space, which may be located within driveway
Home professional office
1 per patient or client, plus 1 per employee not living on premises
Retail sales, retail services, financial services
1 per 400 square feet of gross floor area
Food service establishments
15 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area
General and professional office
3.3 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area
Hotel, lodge
1 per guest room
Indoor retail shopping mall
1 per 400 square feet of gross leasable floor area
Retail fuel station
1 per employee
Child-care center
3.3 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area
Conference or convention center
1 per 2 seats
Entertainment and sports venue
20 per 1,000 square feet
Funeral home
1 per 6 seats
Hospital, clinic
4 per bed
Library, museum, other cultural facilities
1.25 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area
Membership club
5 per 1,000 square feet
Public or private school, including higher education
1 per 4 students
Theater or concert hall
1 per 6 seats
Automobile salvaging or dismantling
Equipment rental or sales yard
1 per 3,000 square feet of gross floor area or outdoor storage and display area
Food processing, packaging and shipping
Light industry
Manufacturing, fabrication and assembly
Structural steel fabricating, metalworking
1 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area
Brewing or distilling of liquors, wines, beer
1 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area plus parking for any on-site retail sales or food service establishment
Research laboratories
3.3 per 1,000 square feet gross floor area
Extractive operations and soil mining
Grain storage, sales and shipping
Recycling and solid waste processing facility
Warehousing and other handling of material
1 per employee
Self-storage facility
1 per 6,000 square feet gross floor area
D. 
Location of parking required spaces.
(1) 
In any residential district, required automobile parking spaces shall be provided on the buildable portion of the same lot outside any required yard setback areas or, for any lot that is unable to provide such required automobile parking spaces on the same lot, required automobile parking spaces may be provided on one other lot, over which the same owner or owners have a written, legal right to use as parking for such lot and provided that such other lot is located no more than 200 feet from the lot requiring the parking.
[Amended 8-8-2023 by L.L. No. 2-2023]
(2) 
In business districts or industrial districts, such spaces shall be provided on the same lot or not more than 400 feet therefrom.
(3) 
Excepted where noted in Subsection D(4) below, no open or enclosed parking area shall encroach on any required front yard, side yard, rear yard or other required open areas.
(4) 
In the B General Business, I-1 General Industrial and I-2 Light Industrial Districts, open parking areas may encroach on a required side to within three feet of a property line if the adjoining property is also within a B General Business, I-1 General Industrial and I-2 Light Industrial District.
(5) 
No parking of any type shall be permitted within any vegetated buffer areas.
(6) 
No entrance and exit drives connecting the parking area and the street shall be permitted within 25 feet of the intersection of two public rights-of-way.
A. 
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, for any existing or proposed development the Planning Board may authorize a reduction in the minimum number of required parking spaces by no more than 20%, providing the following criteria are met:
(1) 
The reduction in the number of parking spaces will not adversely affect traffic flow on the project site;
(2) 
The reduction will leave adequate parking for all of the reasonably anticipated uses or occupancies in the project;
(3) 
The reduction will not otherwise adversely affect the general welfare of the community.
B. 
In approving any reduction in the required number of parking spaces, the Planning Board may impose such reasonable conditions as, in the judgment of the Planning Board, may be necessary to assure that such reduction will meet the criteria set forth above. In any event, unless expressly waived by the Planning Board, such reduction shall be subject to the following additional conditions:
(1) 
Any portion of the property that is reserved through a reduction in the required number of parking spaces shall be identified on the site plan, be maintained as open space, and may not be occupied by any permanent structures;
(2) 
Any land reserved by virtue of such reduction shall be landscaped with grass or other vegetation as approved by the Planning Board.
(3) 
If at any time within five years after construction of the project is completed the Planning Board may at its discretion require the property owner to install additional parking spaces up to the minimum number required under zoning, should the Board determine that:
(a) 
The demand for parking spaces on the project site exceeds the number of parking spaces available on the property on more than two occasions in any given calendar year; or
(b) 
There is repeatedly undue congestion in the parking areas by reason of the reduction in number of required parking spaces.
C. 
Unless waived by the Planning Board, the granting of the requested reduction in parking shall be conditioned on the developer or applicant executing an agreement in a form acceptable to the Planning Board agreeing to install the additional parking spaces as may be required by the above conditions.
D. 
In the event there is any significant change in use, or a subdivision of the project site, or a sale of a portion of the site, with respect to which a reduction in the required number of parking spaces has been granted, such change, subdivision, or sale may be conditioned upon a requirement that additional parking spaces be required up to the minimum that would have otherwise been required but for the reduction granted pursuant to these provisions.
A. 
Parking areas shall be paved with an all-weather, permeable or impermeable, surface of crushed stone, asphalt, brick pavers or concrete, or a combination of the above. Individual parking spaces and off-street loading areas shall be visibly marked with paint or other durable material.
B. 
At least 10% of the area of the lot utilized for off-street parking shall be devoted to landscaping with lawn, trees, shrubs or other plant material.
C. 
Where a proposed parking lot is larger than nine spaces in size, there shall be planted one deciduous canopy tree for every five parking spaces proposed in accordance with the following:
(1) 
All trees shall be of a species with a height at maturity of at least 30 feet, of a species known to be compatible with regional climate conditions;
(2) 
All trees shall be at least 2.5 inches in caliper and six feet in height at time of planting;
(3) 
All trees planted within a parking lot shall be planted at least four feet but not more than eight feet from the edge of any surrounding parking spaces or parking aisles.
(4) 
All trees shall be maintained in a healthy state, and any tree that dies shall be replaced in accordance with Subsection C(1) and (2) above.
D. 
There shall be at least one tree island or other landscaping for every nine contiguous parking spaces, or no more than 100 feet between such tree islands or landscaped areas.
E. 
In the R-4 Residential Medium Density District and R-5 Residential High Density District all loading berths and parking areas of three or more spaces located within 15 feet of a lot line shall be screened by a six-foot fence, masonry wall, or compact evergreen hedge, or a landscaped strip of trees and shrubs so designed as to form a visual screen from the adjoining property.
A. 
Off-street truck loading areas shall be provided as shown in Table 2 below.
B. 
Location of required loading berths.
(1) 
All off-street loading areas shall be located on the same lot as the use for which they are permitted or required. Open off-street loading areas shall not encroach on any required front, side, or rear yard areas of a property.
(2) 
Off-street traffic aisles within a parking lot may be used for loading or unloading, provided that such areas are located in a manner that does not impede access by fire and other emergency services.
(3) 
The location, number, size and design of loading and unloading areas for nonresidential uses and the access routes thereto shall require the approval of the Planning Board prior to the issuance of a building permit or certificate of occupancy by the Code Enforcement Officer.
C. 
Dimensions for off-street loading berths.
(1) 
Each required loading area shall have the following minimum dimensions: 35 feet long and 12 feet wide.
Table 2. Required Off-Street Loading Areas
Use
Off-Street Loading Areas Required
Assisted living facility
Congregate care facility
Cultural facilities
Hospice
Membership club
Theater or concert hall
1 off-street loading area
Automobile sales, storage or repair
Entertainment and sports venue
Financial services
Food service establishments
Funeral home
General or professional office
Hotel or motel
Retail fuel station
Retail services
Wholesale business or service
1 off-street loading area for any individual business with a gross floor area between 5,000 square feet and 25,000 square feet;
or
1 off-street loading area for any commercial building with a gross floor area between 5,000 square feet and25,000 square feet that houses multiple businesses;
plus
1 off-street loading area for each additional 40,000 square feet gross floor area
Hospital
Public or private school, including higher education
1 off-street loading area;
plus
1 off-street loading area for each additional 100,000 square feet gross floor area
Automobile salvaging or dismantling
Equipment rental or sales yard
1 off-street loading area for any operation with a gross floor area or outdoor work/display area between 5,000 square feet and 25,000 square feet;
plus
1 off-street loading area for each additional 100,000 square feet gross floor area or outdoor work/display area
Brewing or distilling of liquors, wines, beer
Food processing, packaging and shipping
Grain storage, sales and shipping
Light industry
Manufacturing, fabrication and assembly
Recycling and solid waste processing facility
Research laboratories
Structural steel fabricating; metalworking
Warehousing and other handling of material
1 off-street loading area for the first 10,000 square feet gross floor area;
plus
1 off-street loading area for each additional 40,000 square feet of floor space