This article establishes the formation, functions, and procedures
to be used by the various boards and agencies that are necessary to
implement this chapter in accordance with the provisions of the Pennsylvania
Municipalities Planning Code.
The Zoning Hearing Board shall have the following functions
and duties:
A. Hear substantive challenges to the validity of any land use ordinance. The Board shall hear and render final decisions concerning substantive challenges to the validity of any land use ordinance in accordance with Article
IX of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, which shall be raised by an appeal taken within 30 days after the effective date of said land use ordinance.
B. Hear appeals from a determination of the Zoning Officer. The Zoning
Hearing Board shall hear and render final decisions concerning appeals
from a determination of the Zoning Officer, including, but not limited
to, the granting or denial of any permit, or the failure to act on
the application therefor, the issuance of any notice of violation
or cease and desist order or the registration or refusal to register
any nonconforming use, structure or lot.
C. Appeals from determinations related to floodplain regulations. When
specifically authorized under the floodplain regulations of the Township
Code, the Zoning Hearing Board shall hear appeals from any determinations
or decisions rendered related to such floodplain regulations.
[Amended 7-10-2017 by Ord. No. 2017-03]
D. Grant appeals regarding stormwater, erosion control, and similar regulations. The Zoning Hearing Board shall hear appeals from the determination of the Zoning Officer or Municipal Engineer in the administration of any land use ordinance or provision thereof with reference to sedimentation and erosion control and stormwater management insofar as the same relates to development not involving Article
V or
VII applications of the Municipalities Planning Code.
E. Grant special exceptions. The Board shall hear and decide requests
for special exceptions in accordance with stated standards and criteria
as provided for in this chapter.
(1)
Expiration of special exception approvals. Unless otherwise
specified by the Board or by law, a special exception shall expire
if the applicant fails to obtain a zoning permit within six months
from the date of authorization thereof by the Board or by the court
if such special exception has been granted after an appeal, or fails
to complete any erection, construction, reconstruction, alteration
or change in use authorized by the special exception approval within
one year from the date of authorization thereof by the Board, or by
the court if such special exception has been granted after an appeal.
(2)
Extensions of special exception approvals. For good cause, the
Board may, upon application in writing stating the reasons therefor,
extend either the six-month or twelve-month period. Should the appellant
or application fail to obtain the necessary permits with said six-month
period, or having obtained the permit should he fail to commence work
thereunder within such six-month period, it shall be conclusively
presumed that the appellant or applicant has waived, withdrawn or
abandoned his appeal or his application, and all provisions, variances
and permits granted to him shall be deemed automatically rescinded
by the Board.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General
Provisions, Art. I)]
F. Grant variances. The Board shall hear appeals for variances where
it is alleged that the provisions of this chapter inflict unnecessary
hardship or practical difficulty in complying with the literal terms
of this chapter. An application for a variance shall state:
(1)
The name and address of the applicant.
(2)
The name and address of the owner of the real estate to be affected
by such proposed variance.
(3)
A brief description and location of the real estate to be affected
by such proposed change.
(4)
A statement of the section of this chapter under which the variance
or exception requested may be allowed, and reasons why it should be
granted.
(5)
A statement of the section of this chapter under which the variance
may be allowed and reasons why it should be granted.
G. Variance findings required. The Board may grant a variance, provided
the following findings are made where relevant in a given case. (The
burden of proof shall rest with the applicant. The Board may require
the applicant to provide a copy of any recorded subdivision plan and
deed to the property.)
(1)
That there are unique physical circumstances or conditions,
including irregularity, narrowness or shallowness of lot size, or
shape, or exceptional topographic or other physical conditions peculiar
to the particular property and that the unnecessary hardship is due
to such conditions generally created by the provisions of this chapter
in the neighborhood of or district in which the property is located.
(2)
That because of such physical circumstances or conditions, there
is no possibility that the property can be developed in strict conformity
with the provisions of this chapter and that the authorization of
a variance is therefore necessary to enable the reasonable use of
the property.
(3)
That such unnecessary hardship has not been created by the applicant.
(4)
That the variance, if authorized, will not alter the essential
character of the neighborhood or district in which the property is
located, nor substantially or permanently impair the appropriate use
or development of adjacent property, nor be detrimental to the public
welfare.
(5)
That the variance, if authorized, will represent the minimum
variance that will afford relief and will represent the least modification
possible of the regulation in issue.
H. Conditions imposed on variances. In granting any variance, the Board
may attach such reasonable conditions and safeguards, as it may deem
necessary to implement the purposes of this chapter. The Board shall
require that adequate on- or off-site water and sewage disposal facilities
are available for the use intended.
I. Expiration of variances. Unless otherwise specified by the Board
or by law, a variance shall expire if the applicant fails to obtain
a zoning permit within six months from the date of authorization thereof
by the Board or by the court if such variance has been granted after
an appeal, or fails to complete any erection, construction, reconstruction,
alteration or change in use authorized by the variance approval within
one year from the date of authorization thereof by the Board, or by
the court if such variance has been granted after an appeal. The Board,
upon written application and for reasonable cause shown, may extend
the approval for an additional period of up to one year.
J. Other matters. The Zoning Hearing Board shall hear and render final decisions in any other matter for which the Zoning Hearing Board shall have been granted jurisdiction by Article
IX of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code or this chapter.
K. Limits on filing appeals. No person shall be allowed to file any
proceeding with the Board later than 30 days after any application
for development, preliminary or final, has been approved by an appropriate
Township officer, agency or body if such proceeding is designed to
secure reversal or to limit the approval in any manner unless such
person alleges and proves that he had no notice, knowledge or reason
to believe that such approval had been given. If such person has succeeded
to his interest after such approval, he shall be bound by the knowledge
of his predecessor in interest.
L. Effect of appeals pending before the Zoning Hearing Board. An appeal
to the Zoning Hearing Board shall stay all proceedings in the furtherance
of the appealed action, unless the Zoning Officer certifies to the
Zoning Hearing Board that by reason of facts stated in the appeal
a stay would cause imminent peril to life and property. In such a
case, proceedings shall not be stayed otherwise than by a restraining
order, which may be granted by the Zoning Hearing Board or by a court
of competent jurisdiction.
The Zoning Hearing Board shall conduct hearings and make decisions
in accordance with the following requirements:
A. Hearing place and date. The Zoning Hearing Board shall fix a reasonable
time (not more than 60 days from the filing of a complete application
with the Township) and place for the public hearing and shall give
notice thereof stating the time and place of the hearing and the particular
nature of the matter to be considered, as follows:
(1)
By publishing notice thereof once each week for two successive
weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the Township. The first
publication shall be not more than 30 days and the second publication
shall be not less than seven days from the date of the hearing.
(2)
By mailing a notice thereof to the applicant.
(3)
By mailing a notice thereof to the Zoning Officer, the Township
Secretary, and to every person or organization who shall have registered
with the Zoning Hearing Board for the purposes of receiving such notices.
(4)
By posting notice conspicuously on the affected tract of land
at least one week prior to the hearing.
B. Hearing within 60 days. The hearing shall be held within 60 days
or as required by the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code.
C. Conduct of hearing. The hearing shall be conducted by the Zoning
Hearing Board or the Board may appoint any member as a hearing officer.
The decision or, where no decision is called for, the findings shall
be made by the Zoning Hearing Board, but the parties may waive decision
or findings by the Board and accept the decision or findings of the
hearing officer as final.
D. Parties to the hearing. The parties to the hearing shall be the applicant,
the Township, any person affected by the application who has made
timely appearance of record before the Zoning Hearing Board, and any
other person, including civic or community organizations, permitted
to appear by the Board. The Zoning Hearing Board shall have power
to require that all persons who wish to be considered as parties to
enter appearances in writing on forms provided by the Board for that
purpose.
E. Powers of the Chairman. The Chairperson or Acting Chairperson of
the Zoning Hearing Board or the presiding hearing officer shall have
power to administer oaths and issue subpoenas to compel the attendance
of witnesses and submission of documents requested by the parties.
F. Representation by counsel. The parties shall have the right to be
represented by counsel and shall be afforded the opportunity to respond
and present evidence and argument and cross-examine adverse witnesses
on all relevant issues.
G. Rules of evidence. Formal rules of evidence shall not apply, but
irrelevant, immaterial or unduly repetitious evidence may be excluded.
H. Stenographic records. The Board or the hearing officer, as the case
may be, shall keep a stenographic record of the proceedings. The appearance
fee for a stenographer shall be shared equally by the applicant and
the Board. The cost of the original transcript shall be paid by the
Board if the transcript is ordered by the Board or hearing officer,
or shall be paid by the person appealing from the decision of the
Board if such appeal is made. In either event the cost of additional
copies shall be paid by the person requesting such copy or copies.
In other cases, the party requesting the original transcript shall
bear the cost thereof.
I. Communication with other parties. The Zoning Hearing Board or hearing
officer shall not communicate, directly or indirectly, with any party
or his representatives in connection with any issue involved except
upon notice and opportunity for all parties to participate, shall
not take notice of any communication, reports, staff memoranda, or
other materials, except advice from its solicitor, unless the parties
are afforded an opportunity to contest the materials so noticed and
shall not inspect the site or its surroundings after the commencement
of hearings with any party of his representative unless all parties
are given an opportunity to be present.
J. Decision within 45 days. Zoning Hearing Board or hearing officer,
as the case may be, shall render a written decision or, when no decision
is called for, make written findings on the application within 45
days after the last hearing before the Board or hearing officer. Where
the application is contested or denied, each decision shall be accompanied
by findings of fact and conclusions based thereon together with the
reasons therefor. Conclusions based on any provision of this chapter
or of any act, rule or regulation shall contain a reference to the
provision relied upon and the reasons why the conclusion is deemed
appropriate in light of the facts found. If the hearing is conducted
by a hearing officer, and there has been no stipulation that his decision
or findings are final, the Board shall make his report and recommendations
available to the parties within 45 days and the parties shall be entitled
to make written representations thereon to the Board prior to final
decision or entry of findings, and the Board's decision shall
be entered no later than 30 days after the report of the hearing officer.
Where the Board fails to render the decision within the period required
by this subsection, or fails to hold the required hearing within 60
days from the date of the applicant's request for a hearing,
the decision shall be deemed to have been rendered in favor of the
applicant unless the applicant has agreed, in writing, or on the record
to an extension of time. When a decision has been rendered in favor
of the applicant because of the failure of the Board to meet or to
render a decision as hereinabove provided, the Zoning Hearing Board
shall give public notice of said decision within 10 days from the
last day it could have met to render a decision in the same manner
provided above. If the Board shall fail to provide such notice, the
applicant may do so. Nothing in this subsection shall prejudice the
right of any party opposing the application to appeal the decision
to a court of competent jurisdiction.
K. Final decision. A copy of the final decision or, where no decision
is called for, of the findings shall be delivered to the applicant
personally or mailed to him not later than the day following its date.
To all other persons who have filed their name and address with the
Zoning Hearing Board not later than the last day of the hearing, the
Board shall provide by mail or otherwise brief notice of the decision
or findings and a statement of the place at which the full decision
or findings may be examined.
Any party aggrieved by any decision of the Board may appeal
to the Court of Common Pleas of Chester County or other court of competent
jurisdiction in the manner provided by the laws of the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania and the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code.