For the purpose of this chapter, the following rules of interpretation shall apply to the text of this chapter:
A. 
The particular shall control the general.
B. 
In the case of any difference of meaning or implication between the text of this chapter and any caption or illustration, the text shall control.
C. 
The word "shall" is always mandatory and not discretionary. The words "may" or "should" are permissive and discretionary.
D. 
Words used in the present tense shall include the future. Words used in the singular shall include the plural, and the plural the singular, unless the context clearly indicates the contrary.
E. 
A "building" or "structure" includes any part thereof.
F. 
The phrase "used for" includes "arranged for," "designed for," "intended for," "maintained for," or "occupied for."
G. 
The word "person" includes an individual, a corporation, a partnership, a public utility, a firm, an incorporated association, or any other similar entity.
H. 
Unless the context clearly indicates the contrary, or a regulation involves two or more items, conditions, provision, or events connected by the conjunction "and," "or," or "either . . . or," the conjunction shall be interpreted as follows:
(1) 
"And" indicates that all the connected items, conditions, provisions, or events shall apply.
(2) 
"Or" indicates that the connected items, conditions, or provisions, or events may apply singly or in any combination.
(3) 
"Either . . . or" indicates that the connected items, conditions, or provisions, or events may apply singly or in any combination.
I. 
Terms not herein defined shall have the meaning customarily assigned to them, with reference made to the latest edition of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary.
For the purpose of this chapter, the terms and words herein are defined as follows:
ACCESSORY USE, BUILDING OR STRUCTURE
A use, building or structure which is clearly incidental to, customarily found in connection with, subordinate to, and is located on the same lot as the principal use to which it is exclusively related; also, sleeping cottages on summer resort property, farm outhouses, stables, barns or other buildings located upon lands being used for farming or truck gardening and for the purpose of carrying on such business upon the premises.
ADULT BOOKSTORE
An establishment having as a substantial or significant portion of its stock-in-trade books, magazines and other periodicals distinguished or characterized by their emphasis on material depicting, describing or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas or an establishment with a segment or section devoted to the sale or display of such material.
ADULT DAY-CARE FACILITY
A facility that provides daytime care for any part of a day but less than twenty-four-hour care for functionally impaired adult persons provided through a structured program of social and rehabilitative or maintenance services in a supportive group setting other than the client's home. Such facilities are not licensed; however, those receiving funds through an area agency on aging must comply with adult day-care standards promulgated by the Michigan Office of Services to the Aging.
ADULT FOSTER CARE
See "state licensed residential facility."
ADULT USE
Any commercial or recreational establishment which at all times excludes minors by virtue of age, including adult bookstores, adult motion-picture theaters, adult mini-motion-picture theaters, adult drive-in theaters, adult massage parlors, adult modeling studios, and eating and drinking places with sexually oriented entertainment.
AGRICULTURAL USE
A use of any land or building used for a purpose of producing grain, fruit, nursery stock, dairy products, vegetables, livestock or fowl or other crops and animal husbandry.
ALLEY
A public way which affords only a secondary means of access to abutting property and is not intended for general traffic circulation. Neither the Township, nor the Road Department, is responsible for maintaining the alley way.
ALTERATIONS
Any change, addition or modification in construction or type of occupancy; any change in the structural members of a building, such as wall, partitions, stairways, columns, beams, girders; any change in the width or number of exits; any substantial changes in the roof or exterior walls; any change in the location of a building; any change in the number of off-street parking or loading area or means of egress and ingress to the site; or any change which may be referred to herein as "altered" or "reconstructed" or "change of use."
ANIMAL HOSPITAL
See "clinic, veterinary."
ANIMAL UNITS
An equivalency unit used to measure the impact of livestock on land uses and natural features.
ANIMAL, DOMESTICATED
Any domesticated animal which is not livestock and the ownership of which is not prohibited by law. No animal or fowl shall be kept or maintained which is dangerous and a threat to public health, safety or welfare except as authorized by MCLA § 287.321 et seq.
ANTENNA
Any exterior transmitting or receiving device mounted on a tower, building, or structure and used in communications that radiate or capture electromagnetic waves, digital signals, analog signals, radio frequencies (excluding radar signals), wireless telecommunication signals, or other communication signals.
APARTMENT
See "dwelling, multiple-family."
APPEAL
A request or demand for a hearing or review of facts and/or actions in connection with the public enforcement of this chapter.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
Architectural features of a building, including cornices, eaves, gutters, sills, lintels, bay windows, chimneys and decorative ornaments.
AUTOMOBILE
Unless specifically indicated otherwise, "automobile" shall mean any vehicle, including cars, trucks, vans, motorcycles, and the like.
AUTOMOBILE FUELING STATION
A place used for the retail sale and dispensing of fuel or lubricants, either full or self service, together with the fixed equipment from which the fuel is dispensed directly into motor vehicles. Automobile fueling stations may also incorporate a convenience store operation fueling station use.
AUTOMOBILE REPAIR
Major or minor repair of automobiles defined as follows:
A. 
MINOR REPAIREngine tune-ups and servicing of brakes, air conditioning, exhaust systems; oil change or lubrication; wheel alignment or balancing; or similar servicing or repairs that do not normally require any significant disassembly or storing the automobiles on the premises overnight.
B. 
MAJOR REPAIREngine and transmission rebuilding and general repairs, rebuilding or reconditioning; collision service such as body, frame or fender straightening or repair; steam cleaning, undercoating and rustproofing; and similar servicing, rebuilding or repairs that normally do require significant disassembly or storing the automobiles on the premises overnight.
AUTOMOBILE REPAIR GARAGE
A premise primarily used for general automobile repair wholly within enclosed buildings, including engine or transmission building; rebuilding or reconditioning of motor vehicles; collision service such as body, frame, or fender straightening and repair, overall vehicle painting or rustproofing; and other related activities.
AUTOMOBILE SERVICE STATION
A building or structure designed or used for the retail sale of fuel (stored only in underground tanks), lubricants, air, water coolants and other operating commodities for motor vehicles or which may include retail sale of tires, batteries, and similar accessories and the making of minor repairs to vehicles or parts thereof totally enclosed within a building and that do not normally require storing such vehicles on the premises overnight. An automotive service station shall not include bumping, painting, refinishing, major repairs and overhauling, steam cleaning, rustproofing, high-volume of motor vehicle washing or sales of new or used cars, trucks, motorcycles or other land vehicles.
AUTOMOBILE WASH ESTABLISHMENT
An activity or building, or portion thereof, the primary purpose of which is that of washing motor vehicles, either with self-service mechanisms or with the use of an automated system.
BAR, COCKTAIL LOUNGE or NIGHTCLUB
An establishment licensed by the State of Michigan to sell at retail and serve alcoholic beverages on the premises where more than 30% of the gross floor area is made up of a bar, being a barrier or counter at which any alcoholic beverages are sold or served to and consumed by customer, and also including areas dedicated for the use of stages, dance floors, standing-room areas, pool tables, and similar mechanical amusement devices.
BASEMENT
That portion of a building wholly or partly below grade, but so constructed that the vertical distance from the average grade to the basement floor is greater than the vertical distance from the average grade to the basement ceiling.
BED-AND-BREAKFAST INN
A dwelling in which overnight accommodations are provided or offered for transient guests for compensation by the owners and residents therein, said facilities may include meal service and shall extend for not more than 14 consecutive days.
BEDROOM
Any private room in a dwelling unit suitable for regular use for sleeping purposes. Bedrooms include rooms designated on development floor plans as dens, studies, or libraries but exclude living rooms, family rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, and mud rooms. Any room designated as other than a bedroom but which in the judgment of the Township Planning Commission would normally be usable for sleeping purposes shall be considered a bedroom.
BERM
See "landscaping."
BILLBOARD (OFF-PREMISES SIGN)
A sign directing attention to a use, activity or product not located, sold, manufactured or processed on the premises on which the sign is located.
BLOCK
The property bounded by a street or by a combination of streets and public lands, rights-of-way, rivers or streams, boundary lines of the Township, or any other barrier to the continuity of development.
BOARD OF APPEALS
The Township of Buchanan Zoning Board of Appeals, created pursuant to the provisions of the Michigan Zoning Enabling Act, Act 110 of 2006, MCLA § 25.3101 et seq., as amended.
BOAT
See "recreational vehicle."
BOAT LAUNCH
Facility to launch and retrieve recreational boats from a trailer.
BUFFER ZONE
A strip of land often required between certain zoning districts or land uses reserved for plant material, berms, walls, or fencing to serve as a visual barrier.
BUILDABLE AREA
The area of a lot that is defined by the minimum setback requirements within which building construction is permitted by the terms of this chapter.
300 Buidable Area.tif
BUILDING
As defined in the current edition of the adopted Building Code, "building" means a combination of materials, whether portable or fixed, forming a structure affording a facility or shelter for use or occupancy by persons, animals, or property.
BUILDING CODE
The building code as currently enforced pursuant to the State of Michigan.
BUILDING HEIGHT
The vertical distance measured from the average ground level at the front building line to the highest point of the roof surface in the case of a flat roof; to the deck line of mansard roofs; to the mean height level between the eaves and ridge of gable, studio hip and gambrel roofs; and 75% of the height of an "A" frame.
BUILDING HEIGHT
300 Building Height.tif
BUILDING INSPECTOR
The Building Inspector as authorized by the Township of Buchanan and as registered under the Skilled Trades Regulation Act, MCLA § 339.6001 et seq., Building Officials and Inspectors, qualified by experience or training to perform the duties associated with construction code administration and enforcement.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
BUILDING LINE
A line parallel to the front lot line that separates all parts of a building from the open spaces adjacent thereto on the same lot. For the purposes of this chapter, a minimum building line is the same as a required setback line.
300 Building Line.tif
BUILDING PERMIT
The written authority issued by the Building Inspector permitting the construction, removal, moving, alteration, or use of a building in conformity with the provisions of this chapter.
BUILDING, ACCESSORY
See "accessory use, building or structure."
BUILDING, COMPLETELY ENCLOSED
A building separated on all sides from the adjacent open space or from other buildings or structures by a permanent roof and exterior walls having only window and normal entrance or exit doors.
BUILDING, PRINCIPAL
A building or group of buildings in which is conducted the main or principal use of the lot on which the building is situated. (See "building, accessory" and "use, principal.")
BUILDING, TEMPORARY
A building which is not permanently affixed to the property and is permitted to exist for a specific reason for a specific period of time. An example of a temporary building is a trailer used on a construction site.
BUMPER BLOCKS
Concrete or cement cast units located at one end of each parking space, designed to protect buildings, walls, fences, sidewalks or landscaping from damage by vehicles.
CAMPER, PICKUP
A recreational unit designed to be mounted on a pickup or truck chassis, with sufficient equipment to render it suitable for use as a temporary lodging for travel, recreational, and vacation uses.
CEMETERY
Land used for the burial of the dead, including columbariums, crematories, and mausoleums.
CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY
A certificate issued by the Building Inspector when the work covered by a building and/or zoning permit has been completed in accordance with the permit, the building and zoning codes, and other applicable laws and ordinances. (See also MCLA § 125.1513, Certificate of use and occupancy, necessity, issuance, contents, applications, inspections, temporary certificates.)
CHILD-CARE CENTER
An establishment where more than 12 children, not related by bonds of blood, marriage or adoption to the family residing on the same premises, are cared for in return for remuneration. Such child-care centers need not have a resident family on the premises. A child-care center may also sometimes be referred to as a "nursery," "day nursery," "day-care center," or "nursery school."
CHILD-CARING INSTITUTION
A child-care facility that is organized for the purposes of receiving minor children for care, maintenance, and supervision, usually on a twenty-four-hour basis, in buildings maintained by the child-caring institution for that purpose, and operates throughout the year. An educational program may be provided, but the educational program shall not be the primary purpose of the facility. A child-caring institution may include a maternity home for the care of unmarried mothers who are minors and it includes an agency group home, which is described as a small child-caring institution owned, leased, or rented by a licensed agency providing care for more than four but fewer than 13 minor children. A child-caring institution may also include institutions for mentally impaired or emotionally disturbed minor children. "Child-caring institution" does not include a hospital, nursing home, or home for the aged licensed under Article 17 of the Public Health Code, 1978 PA 368, MCLA §§ 333.20101 to 333.22260; a boarding school licensed under Section 1335 of the Revised School Code, 1976 PA 451, MCLA § 380.1335; a hospital or facility operated by the state or licensed under the Mental Health Code, 1974 PA 258, MCLA §§ 330.1001 to 330.2106; or an adult foster care family home or an adult foster care small group home licensed under the Adult Foster Care Facility Licensing Act, 1979 PA 218, MCLA §§ 400.701 to 400.737, in which a child has been placed under Section 5(6).
CHURCH or SYNAGOGUE
Any structure wherein persons regularly assemble for religious activities, including customary ancillary or accessory uses and activities.
CLIMATE-CONTROLLED STORAGE FACILITY:
An enclosed building consisting of individual, self-contained rooms that are leased to individuals, organizations or businesses for climate-controlled storage regulating both temperature and humidity.
[Added 12-19-2019 by Ord. No. 118-2019]
CLINIC, MEDICAL
An establishment where human patients who are not lodged overnight are admitted for examination and treatment by a group of physicians, dentists, or similar professionals. A medical clinic may incorporate customary laboratories and pharmacies incidental to or necessary for its operation or to the service of its patients, but may not include facilities for overnight patient care or major surgery.
CLINIC, VETERINARY
A place for the care, diagnosis, and treatment of sick or injured animals, and those in need of medical or minor surgical attention. A veterinary clinic may include customary pens or cages enclosed within the walls of the clinic building.
CLUB OR LODGE, PRIVATE
A nonprofit association of persons who are bona fide members paying dues which owns or leases the premises, the use of which is restricted to members and their guests. The facilities owned or used by such organization may be referred to as a "club" or "lodge" in this chapter.
CLUB, HEALTH
Any establishment providing physical culture or health services, including health clubs, racquetball or tennis clubs, or tanning salons.
CLUSTER HOUSING
A group of buildings or dwellings built close together to form relatively compact units on a sizeable tract in order to preserve open spaces and environmentally sensitive areas larger than the individual yards for common recreation.
COLLECTOR STREET
See, within the definition of "street," "collector street."
COMMERCIAL CENTER, PLANNED
A business development under single ownership consisting of two or more retail or service outlets characterized by common architecture, a pedestrian and vehicle circulation system, and off-street parking.
CONDOMINIUM
A system of separate ownership of individual units and/or multiple unit projects according to Public Act 59 of 1978, as amended. In addition to the interest acquired in a particular unit, each unit owner is also a tenant in common in the underlying fee and in the spaces and building parts used in common by all the unit owners.
A. 
CONDOMINIUM ACTState of Michigan Public Act 59 of 1978, MCLA § 559.101 et seq., as amended.
B. 
CONDOMINIUM UNIT SITE (i.e., SITE CONDOMINIUM LOT)The area designating the perimeter within which the condominium unit must be built. After construction of the condominium unit, the balance of the condominium site shall become a limited common element. The term "condominium unit site" shall be equivalent to the term "lot" for purposes of determining compliance of a site condominium subdivision with the provisions of this chapter pertaining to minimum lot size, minimum lot width, minimum lot coverage, and maximum floor area ratio.
C. 
CONDOMINIUM SUBDIVISION PLANDrawings and information which show the size, location, area, and boundaries of each condominium unit, building locations, the nature, location, and approximate size of common elements, and other information required by Section 66 of Public Act 59 of 1978, MCLA § 559.166, as amended.
D. 
CONDOMINIUM, CONTRACTIBLEA condominium project from which any portion of the submitted land or building may be withdrawn pursuant to express provisions in the condominium documents.
E. 
CONDOMINIUM, CONVERSIONA condominium project containing condominium units, some or all of which were occupied before the establishment of the condominium project.
F. 
CONDOMINIUM, CONVERTIBLE AREAA unit or portion of the common elements of the condominium project referred in the condominium documents within which additional condominium units or general or limited common elements may be created pursuant to provisions in the condominium documents and in accordance with this chapter and the Condominium Act.
G. 
CONDOMINIUM, EXPANDABLEA condominium project to which additional land may be added pursuant to express provision in the condominium documents and in accordance with this chapter and the Condominium Act.
H. 
CONDOMINIUM, GENERAL COMMON ELEMENTThe common elements other than the limited common elements intended for the common use of all of the co-owners.
I. 
CONDOMINIUM, LIMITED COMMON ELEMENTA portion of the common elements reserved in the master deed for the exclusive use of less than all of the co-owners.
J. 
CONDOMINIUM, SITE CONDOMINIUM PROJECTA condominium project designed to function in a similar manner, or as an alternative to a platted subdivision. A residential site condominium project shall be considered as equivalent to a platted subdivision for purposes of regulation in this chapter.
CONDOMINIUM UNIT
The portion of the condominium project designed and intended for separate ownership as described in the master deed, regardless of whether it is intended for residential, office, industrial, business, recreational, time-share unit, or any other type of use.
CONSTRUCT
To build, erect, alter, repair, or remodel any building, structure, or dwelling.
CONTRACTORS' STORAGE YARD
An unenclosed portion of the lot or parcel upon which a construction or similar contractor stores and maintains construction equipment, machinery, and other items customarily used in the trade carried on by the contractor.
CORNER LOT
See "lot, corner."
CUL-DE-SAC
See within the definition of "street," "cul-de-sac."
CURB CUT
The entrance to or exit from a property, provided for vehicular traffic to or from a public or private thoroughfare.
CURB LEVEL
The level of the established curb in front of the building measured at the entrance of such front. Where no curb has been established, the County or Township Engineer shall establish such curb level or its equivalent for the purpose of this chapter.
DAY CARE
See "child-care center," "group day-care home," "family day-care home," and "state licensed residential facility."
DECK
An open, horizontal platform attached to the rear or side of the principal structure and that is used for outdoor leisure or recreational activities. The platform shall not be enclosed by a roof or walls or other screened or framed enclosure.
DENSITY
The number of dwelling units situated on or to be developed per acre of land.
DENSITY, NET
The number of dwelling units situated on or to be developed per acre of land, excluding areas where the use is prohibited by this chapter, local, county, state or federal law. Such areas include public rights-of-way, regulated wetlands, and riparian or lacustrine areas.
DETENTION FACILITY
A facility designed for holding stormwater runoff for a short period of time and then releasing it to the natural watercourse where it returns to the hydrologic cycle.
DEVELOPMENT
The construction of a new building or other structure on a zoning lot, the relocation of an existing building on another zoning lot, or the use of open land for a new use.
DISTRICT
A portion of the Township of Buchanan within which, on a uniform basis, certain uses of land and/or buildings are permitted and within which certain regulations and requirements apply under the provisions of this chapter.
DOCK, COMMUNITY
A fixed or floating structure, including moorings, operated by a nonprofit organization, campground, RV park, government entity, neighborhood lake association, or other similar organization, used for the purpose of berthing buoyant vessels to members or patrons and not the general public. A community dock may include a boat livery, boat yard, or pier.
DOCK, PRIVATE
A fixed or floating structure, including moorings, that may be accessory to a private residence on the same parcel and used for the purpose of berthing buoyant vessels.
DRAINAGE WAYS and STREAMS
Existing permanent or intermittent watercourses.
DRIVE-IN ESTABLISHMENT
A business establishment so developed that its principal retail or service character is dependent on providing a driveway approach or parking spaces for motor vehicles so as to serve patrons while in the motor vehicles. Examples include, but are not limited to, restaurants, cleaners, banks, and theaters.
DRIVE-THROUGH ESTABLISHMENT
A business establishment so developed that its principal retail or service character is dependent on providing a driveway approach or parking spaces for motor vehicles to service patrons from a window or booth while in their motor vehicles, rather than within a building or structure, so that consumption off-premises may be facilitated.
DUMPSTER
A container used for the temporary storage of rubbish, pending collection, having a capacity of at least two cubic yards.
DUPLEX
See "dwelling, two-family or duplex."
DWELLING
A building or portion thereof, containing sleeping, kitchen, and bathroom facilities designed for and occupied by one family, excluding hotels, motels, and tourists' homes. In no case shall a travel trailer, motor home, automobile, tent or other portable building defined as a recreational vehicle be considered a dwelling.
DWELLING UNIT
One or more rooms, along with bathroom and kitchen facilities, designed as a self-contained unit for occupancy by one family for living, cooking, and sleeping purposes.
DWELLING UNIT, SINGLE-FAMILY ATTACHED OR TOWNHOUSE
An attached single-family dwelling unit with party walls, designed as part of a series of three or more dwellings, with its own front door which opens to the outdoors at ground level, and typically with its own basement utility connections, and front and rear yards. Townhouses are also commonly known as row houses.
DWELLING, MANUFACTURED
A. 
A building or portion of a building designed for long-term residential use and characterized by all of the following:
(1) 
The structure is produced in a factory in accordance with the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act, as amended; and
(2) 
The structure is designed to be transported to the site in a nearly complete form, where it is placed on a foundation and connected to utilities; and
(3) 
The structure is designed to be used as either an independent building or as a module to be combined with other elements to form a complete building on a site.
B. 
Also refer to "dwelling, one-family or single family."
DWELLING, MOBILE HOME
A structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built upon a chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with a permanent foundation, when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained in the structure. Recreational vehicles as described and regulated herein shall not be considered "mobile homes" for the purposes of this chapter. A mobile home is a type of manufactured housing. Also see "dwelling, one-family or single-family."
DWELLING, MULTIPLE-FAMILY
A building designed for and occupied by three or more families living independently with separate housekeeping, cooking, and bathroom facilities for each. Multiple-family dwelling units include the following:
A. 
APARTMENTAn apartment is an attached dwelling unit with party walls, contained in a building with other apartment units which are commonly accessed via a common stair landing or walkway. Apartments are typically rented by the occupants. Apartment buildings often have a central heating system and other central utility connections and common yard space.
B. 
EFFICIENCY UNITAn efficiency unit is a type of multiple-family or apartment unit consisting of one principal room, plus bathroom and kitchen facilities, hallways, closets, and/or a dining alcove located directly off the principal room.
DWELLING, ONE-FAMILY OR SINGLE-FAMILY
A detached building containing not more than one dwelling unit designed for residential use, designed exclusively to be occupied by one family living independently, with separate housekeeping, cooking, and bathroom facilities.
DWELLING, TWO-FAMILY OR DUPLEX
A detached building, designed exclusively to be occupied by two families living independently of each other, with separate housekeeping, cooking, and bathroom facilities for each.
EASEMENT
Any private or dedicated public way that provides a means of access to property. The term "easement" may also refer to utility easements which give public or private utility companies the right to use land for the construction and maintenance of utilities.
EFFICIENCY UNIT
See "dwelling, multiple-family."
ELEVATION
A. 
The vertical distance above or below a fixed reference level;
B. 
A fully dimensioned drawing of the front, rear, or side of a building showing features such as windows, doors, building materials, and relationship of grade to floor level.
ERECTED
Built, constructed, reconstructed, moved upon, or any physical operations on the premises required for the building. Excavations, fill, drainage, and the like, shall be considered a part of erection.
ESSENTIAL SERVICES
The erection, construction, alteration or maintenance by public or quasi-public utilities or municipal departments or Township-certified cable television companies of underground, surface or overhead gas, steam, electrical, fuel or water systems for the purposes of transmission, distribution, collection, communication, supply, or disposal; including towers, poles, wires, mains, drains, sewers, pipes, conduits, cables, fire alarm and police call boxes, traffic signals, hydrants and similar equipment, which are necessary for the furnishing of adequate service by such utilities or municipal departments for the general health, safety, and welfare of the public. Essential services shall not include storage yards, sales or business offices, or commercial buildings or activities.
[Amended 4-25-2024 by Ord. No. 128-2024]
EVENT VENUES
An accessory use for the purpose of private social events not open to the general public, including, but not limited to; weddings, wedding rehearsals, or wedding parties, with or without live entertainment, where food and drink may be consumed on-site, but which provides no overnight accommodations.
[Added 12-3-2020 by Ord. No. 121-2020]
EXCAVATION
The removal of sand, stone, gravel, or fill dirt below the average grade of the surrounding land and/or road grade, whichever shall be the highest, excluding common household gardening and ground care.
FAMILY
A. 
An individual or group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage or adoption, together with foster children or servants of the principal occupants, with not more than one additional unrelated person, who are domiciled together as a single, domestic, housekeeping unit in a dwelling unit; or
B. 
A collective number of individuals living together in one dwelling unit, whose relationship is of a continuing, nontransient, domestic character, and who are cooking and living as a single, nonprofit housekeeping unit. This definition shall not include any society, club, fraternity, sorority, association, lodge, organization or group of students or other individuals whose domestic relationship is of a transitory or seasonal nature or for an anticipated limited duration of a school term or terms or other similar determinable period.
FAMILY DAY-CARE HOME
A private home in which more than one but fewer than seven minor children are received for care and supervision for periods of less than 24 hours a day, unattended by a parent or legal guardian, except children related to an adult member of the family by blood, marriage, or adoption. A family day-care home includes a home in which care is given to an unrelated minor child for more than four weeks during a calendar year.
FARM
All of the contiguous neighboring or associated land operated as a single unit for agricultural use, as defined herein, by the owner-operator, manager, or tenant farmer, by his own labor or with the assistance of members of his household or hired employees; also including establishments operated as bona fide greenhouses, nurseries, orchards, chicken hatcheries, poultry farms, and apiaries.
FENCE
A structure of definite height and location intended to serve as a physical barrier to property ingress or egress, a screen from objectionable vista or noise, a marker, an enclosure in carrying out the requirements of this chapter, or for decorative use.
FILL or FILLING
The deposit or dumping of any matter onto or into the ground, except for common household gardening, farming, and general ground care.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
An establishment for the custody, loan, exchange, or issue of money, for the extension of credit, and for facilitating the transmission of funds by drafts or bills of exchange.
FLOOD or FLOODING
A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry areas from the overflow of inland or tidal waters or the unusual and rapid accumulation of runoff of surface waters from any source.
A. 
FLOOD HAZARD AREALand which on the basis of available floodplain information is subject to a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year.
B. 
FLOOD HAZARD BOUNDARY MAP (FHBM)An Official Map of the community, issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), where the boundaries of the areas of special flood hazard areas have been designated as Zone A.
C. 
FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP (FIRM)An Official Map of a community, issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which has delineated both the areas of special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to the community.
D. 
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDYThe official report provided by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The report contains flood profiles, as well as the Flood Hazard Boundary-Floodway Map, and the water surface elevation of the base flood.
E. 
FLOODING, AREA OF SHALLOWA designated area or zone on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) with base flood depths from one to three feet where a clearly defined channel does not exist, where the path of flooding is unpredictable and indeterminate, and where velocity flow may be evident.
F. 
FLOODING, ORDINARY HIGH-WATER MARKSee "high-water mark, ordinary."
G. 
FLOODPLAINAny land area susceptible to being inundated by water from any source. See "flood or flooding."
H. 
FLOODWAYThe channel of a river or other watercourse and the adjacent land areas designated in the Flood Insurance Study which must be reserved in order to discharge the base flood.
FLOODWAY, FLOODPLAIN AND FLOOD FRINGE
300 Floodway, Floodplan and Flood Fringe.tif
FLOOR AREA
The area of a building defined as follows.
A. 
FLOOR AREA, GROSSThe total area of a building measured by taking the outside dimensions of the building at each floor level intended for occupancy or storage.
B. 
FLOOR AREA, NETSee "floor area, usable residential" and "floor area, usable nonresidential."
C. 
FLOOR AREA, USABLE RESIDENTIALThe gross floor area minus areas in unfinished basements or attics, attached garages, and enclosed or unenclosed porches.
D. 
FLOOR AREA, USABLE NONRESIDENTIALThe sum of the horizontal areas of each floor, measured from the interior faces of the exterior walls, including all areas used for, intended to be used for, and accessible for the sale of merchandise, provision of services, or service to patrons, clients or customers. Floor area which is used for or intended to be used for the storage or processing of merchandise, or for utilities, shall be excluded from the computations of usable nonresidential floor area.
300 Floor Area Technology.tif
FOSTER CARE HOME
See "state licensed residential facility."
FRONT LOT LINE
See, within the definition of "lot lines," "front lot line."
FRONT YARD
See, within the definition of "yard," "yard, front."
FUELING STATION
See "automobile fueling station."
GARAGE, PRIVATE
An accessory building used or designed to be used primarily for the storage of motor vehicles, boats, or trailers owned and used by the occupants of the building to which it is accessory. A private garage may be either attached to or detached from the principal structure. Private garages shall not have public repair facilities.
GARAGE, PUBLIC
Any building or premise, other than junkyard, where more than one motor vehicle is stored for compensation. A building or portion thereof, other than a private or storage garage, designed or used for equipping, repairing, hiring, servicing, selling or storing vehicles.
GARAGE, REPAIR
See "automobile repair garage."
GARBAGE
All waste, animal, fish, fowl, or vegetable matter incident to the preparation, use, and storage of food for human consumption, including spoiled food.
GARDEN CENTER
An establishment with retail sales of trees, fruits, vegetables, shrubbery, plants, seeds, topsoil, humus, fertilizer, trellises, lawn furniture, playground equipment, and other home garden supplies, landscaping materials, and equipment.
GAS STATION
See "automobile fueling station" and "automobile service station."
GOLF COURSE or COUNTRY CLUB
The premises upon which the game of golf is played, including clubhouses, parking lots, swimming pools, tennis courts, or other facilities or uses customarily incidental to a golf course or country club.
GOLF DRIVING RANGE
An area or parcel of land which includes golf tee areas and associated facilities, the purpose of which is to practice golf shots.
GRADE
A. 
The elevation of the land;
B. 
The percent rise or descent of a sloping surface.
GRADE, AVERAGE
The arithmetic average of the lowest and highest grade elevations of a lot or parcel.
GRADE, FINISHED
The lowest point of elevation between the exterior wall of the structure and a line five feet from the exterior wall of the structure.
GREENWAY
See "landscaping."
GROUP DAY-CARE HOME
A private home in which more than six but not more than 12 minor children are given care and supervision for periods of less than 24 hours a day unattended by a parent or legal guardian, except children related to an adult member of the family by blood, marriage, or adoption. A group day-care home includes a home in which care is given to an unrelated minor child for more than four weeks during a calendar year.
GROUP HOMES
See "state licensed residential facility."
GUESTHOUSE
A structure that is accessory to a single-family residence, which is used for guest accommodation.
GYM or GYMNASIUM
A room or building equipped for gymnastics, exercise, or sport.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Any chemical or other material which, by virtue of its inherent properties and not solely by the manner in which it is used, has the potential to be injurious to the public health, safety, and welfare even in small quantities.
HEIGHT, BUILDING
See "building height."
HIGH-WATER MARK, ORDINARY
The line between upland and bottomland that persists through successive changes in water levels, below which the presence and action of the water is so common or recurrent that the character of the land is marked distinctly from the upland and is apparent in the soil itself, the configuration of the surface of the soil, and the vegetation. On an inland lake that has a level established by law, it means the high established level. Where water returns to its natural level as the result of the permanent removal or abandonment of a dam, it means the natural ordinary high-water mark (as defined in MCLA § 324.30101(i), Michigan Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 301, Inland Lakes and Streams).
HIGHWAY
See "street."
HOME OCCUPATION
Any occupation conducted within a dwelling unit and carried on by the inhabitants thereof. Home occupations shall be clearly incidental and secondary to the use of the dwelling for living purposes, shall not change the character thereof, and shall not endanger the health, safety, and welfare of any other persons residing in that area by reason of noise, noxious odors, unsanitary or unsightly conditions, fire hazards and the like, involved in or resulting from such occupation, professions or hobby.
HOSPITAL
An institution which is licensed by the Michigan Department of Health to provide in-patient and out-patient medical and major surgical services for the sick and injured, and which may include such related facilities as laboratories, medical testing services, central service facilities, and staff offices.
HOSPITAL, VETERINARY
See "clinic, veterinary."
HOUSING, ELDERLY
An institution other than a hospital or hotel, which provides room and board to nontransient persons primarily 55 years of age and older. Housing for the elderly may include:
A. 
SENIOR APARTMENTSMultiple-family dwelling units occupied by persons 55 years of age or older.
B. 
ELDERLY HOUSING COMPLEXA building or group of buildings containing dwellings where the occupancy is restricted to persons 55 or older or couples where either the husband or wife is 55 years of age or older.
C. 
CONGREGATE OR INTERIM CARE HOUSINGA semi-independent housing facility containing congregate kitchen, dining, and living areas, but with separate sleeping rooms. Such facilities typically provide special support services, such as transportation and limited medical care.
D. 
DEPENDENT HOUSING FACILITIESFacilities such as convalescent homes and nursing homes which are designed for older persons who need a wide range of health and support services, including personal nursing care.
INGRESS AND EGRESS
As used in this chapter, "ingress and egress" generally is used in reference to a driveway which allows vehicles to enter or leave a parcel of property, or to a sidewalk or entranceway which allows pedestrians to enter or leave a parcel of property, a building, or another location.
JUNK
Any motor vehicles, machinery, appliances, products or merchandise with parts missing, or other scrap materials that are damaged, deteriorated, or are in a condition which prevents their use for the purpose for which the product was manufactured. This definition shall not apply to farm implements, machinery and equipment utilized for permitted agricultural operations.
JUNKYARD
An area where waste and used or secondhand materials are bought and sold, exchanged, stored, baled, packed, disassembled, or handled, including, but not limited to: junk, scrap iron, metals, paper, rags, tires, bottles and automobiles.
KENNEL
Any lot or premises on which six or more animals (combination of all: dogs, cats, or other domestic animals six months or older) are kept, either permanently or temporarily, either for sale, breeding, boarding, training, hobby, protection, or grooming, and may offer provisions for minor medical treatment, including animal shelters. This does not include livestock kept as part of an agricultural operation, or a stable, in the agricultural zoning district.
LAKE
Any body of water, natural or artificial, defined as "inland lake or stream" in the Inland Lake and Stream Act of 1972, P.A. 451 of 1994 (MCLA § 324.30101 et seq.) as amended.
LAND DIVISION
The partitioning or splitting of a parcel or tract of land by the proprietor thereof or by his or her heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives, successors, or assigns for the purpose of sale, or lease of more than one year, or of building development that results in one or more parcels of less than 40 acres or the equivalent, and that satisfies the requirements of Sections 108 and 109 of the Land Division Act, P.A. 288 of 1967 (MCLA § 560.101 et seq.) as amended.
LANDFILL
Any land area used for disposal, tract of land, unit or appurtenance or combination thereof that is used to collect, store, handle, dispose of, bury, cover over, or otherwise accept or retain refuse as herein defined. All landfills shall be licensed in accordance with state and federal laws.
LANDSCAPING
The treatment of the ground surface with live plant materials such as, but not limited to, grass, ground cover, trees, shrubs, vines, and other live plant material. In addition, a landscape design may include other decorative man-made materials, such as wood chips, crushed stone, boulders, or mulch. Structural features such as fountains, pools, statues, and benches shall also be considered a part of landscaping, but only if provided in combination with live plant material. Artificial plant materials shall not be counted toward meeting the requirements for landscaping. Various landscaping-related terms are defined as follows:
A. 
BERMA continuous, raised earthen mound with a flattened top and sloped sides, capable of supporting live landscaping materials, and with a height and width that complies with the requirements of this chapter.
B. 
GREENWAYA strip of land of definite width and location reserved for the planting of a combination of shrubs, trees, and ground cover to serve as an obscuring screen or buffer for noise or visual enhancement, in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
C. 
GROUND COVERLow-growing plants that form a dense, extensive growth after one complete growing season, and tend to prevent weeds and soil erosion.
D. 
HEDGEA row of closely planted shrubs or low-growing trees which form a continuous visual screen, boundary, or fence.
E. 
SCREEN or SCREENINGA wall, wood fence, or combination of plantings of sufficient height, length, and opacity to form a visual barrier. If the screen is composed of nonliving material, such material shall be compatible with materials used in construction of the main building, but in no case shall include wire fencing.
F. 
SHRUBA self-supporting, deciduous or evergreen woody plant, normally branched near the base, bushy, and less than 15 feet in height.
G. 
SODA piece from the surface of grassland containing the grass support soil, and the healthy roots extracted with the intention of replanting in another area for the purpose of establishing lawn areas. Sod is grown on mineral soil (commonly referred to as "topsoil") or peat, and must be a minimum of two years old. The grasses permitted for use in sod for landscaped lawns should be a blend that reflects the current standards in the industry and has been demonstrated to prosper under local conditions.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
H. 
TREEA self-supporting woody, deciduous or evergreen plant with a well-defined central stem which normally grows to a mature height of 15 feet or more in Berrien County, Michigan.
(1) 
DECIDUOUS TREEA variety of tree that has foliage that is shed at the end of the growing season.
(2) 
EVERGREEN TREEA variety of tree that has foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year.
I. 
ORNAMENTAL TREEA deciduous tree which is typically grown because of its shape, flowering characteristics, or other attractive features, and which grows to a mature height of about 25 feet or less.
J. 
SHADE TREEFor the purposes of this chapter, a shade tree is a deciduous tree which has a mature crown spread of 15 feet or greater and has a trunk with at least five feet of clear stem at maturity.
LIVESTOCK
Includes, but not be limited to, horses/equine, cattle, sheep, goats, swine, llamas, fowl, alternative livestock kept or raised on a farm as regulated by the Michigan Department of Agriculture in accord with Generally Accepted Agricultural Management Practices (GAAMP).
LOADING SPACE, OFF-STREET
An off-street space of definite size and dimensions in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, which is safely and conveniently located on the same lot as the building or buildings being served, for the temporary parking of delivery vehicles while loading and unloading merchandise and materials.
LOCAL STREET
See STREET, LOCAL OR MINOR STREET.
LOT (or PARCEL)
A lot is defined as a piece of land under one ownership and control that is at least sufficient in size to meet the minimum requirements for use, coverage, area, setbacks, and open space as required herein. A lot shall have frontage on a roadway dedicated to the public and certified for maintenance by a public agency, or, if permitted by the regulations set forth herein, on a private road. A lot may consist of:
A. 
A single lot of record.
B. 
A portion of a lot of record.
C. 
A combination of complete lots of record, or portion thereof.
D. 
A piece of land described by metes and bounds.
LOT AREA, GROSS
The net lot area plus the area of any public right-of-way or private road easement, or the area of any lake or wetlands area within the legal description of the lot.
LOT AREA, NET
The total horizontal area within the lot lines of a lot, exclusive of any abutting public street right-of-way or private road easements, or the area of any lake or wetlands area.
LOT COVERAGE
The part or percent of the lot that is occupied by buildings or structures.
LOT DEPTH
The horizontal distance between the front lot line and rear lot line, measured along the median between the side lot lines.
LOT LINES
The lines bounding a lot as follows:
A. 
FRONT LOT LINEThe front lot line shall mean the line separating the lot from an abutting street right-of-way. In the case of a corner lot there may be more than one front lot line.
B. 
REAR LOT LINEOrdinarily, that lot line which is opposite and most distant from the front lot line. In the case of irregular, triangular, wedge shaped, or lots that are pointed at the rear, the rear lot line shall be an imaginary line parallel to the front lot line, not less than 10 feet in length, lying farthest from the front lot line and wholly within the lot. On corner lots, the rear yard may be opposite either street frontage, but there shall only be one rear yard.
C. 
SIDE LOT LINEAny lot line other than the front or rear lot lines. On a corner lot the side lot line shall be opposite either frontage, but there shall be only one side lot line.
LOT OF RECORD
A parcel of land, the dimensions and configuration of which are shown on a subdivision plat recorded in the offices of the Berrien County Register of Deeds, or a lot or parcel described by metes and bounds, and accuracy of which is attested to by a land surveyor (registered and licensed in the State of Michigan) and likewise so recorded with the Berrien County Register of Deeds, legally established under the zoning regulations in effect at the time of its recording.
LOT SPLIT AND CONSOLIDATION
The dividing or unifying of lots by virtue of changes in the deeds in the office of the Berrien County Register of Deeds and/or the Township Treasurer. The division of lots shall take place in accordance with the Land Division Act, P.A. 288 of 1967 (MCLA § 560.101 et seq.) as amended, and Chapter 142, Land Division, of the Township of Buchanan Code.
LOT WIDTH
The straight line distance between the side lot lines, measured at the two points where the building line intersects the side lot lines.
LOT, CONTIGUOUS
Lots adjoining each other.
LOT, CORNER
A lot abutting two or more streets at their intersection. See also, within the definition of "yard," "yard, front."
LOT, DOUBLE FRONTAGE
A lot having a frontage on two streets and is not a corner lot.
LOT, INTERIOR
Any lot other than a corner lot with only one lot line fronting on a street.
MAIN ACCESS DRIVE
Any private street designed to provide access from a pubic street or road to a mobile home park, apartment or condominium complex, or other private property development.
MAJOR STREET OR THOROUGHFARE
See, within the definition of "street," "street, major.
MANUFACTURED HOUSING
See "dwelling, manufactured."
MARIHUANA
This term shall have the meaning given to it in the Michigan Public Health Code, 1978 PA 368, MCLA § 333.7106, as is referred to in Section 3(d) of the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act, PA 2008, Initiated Law 1, MCLA § 333.26423(e).
MARQUEE
A roof-like structure of a permanent nature, projecting from the wall of a building.
MASSAGE ESTABLISHMENT
A commercial establishment which for a fee provides for the manipulation or rubbing of body parts, except manipulation of body parts for remedial purposes performed by state-licensed practitioners with the minimal qualifications of a physical therapist.
MASTER PLAN
A document which is prepared under the guidance of the Township of Buchanan Planning Commission and consists of graphic and written materials which indicate the general location for streets, parks, schools, public buildings and all physical development of the Township.
MEDICAL USE OF MARIHUANA
The acquisition, possession, cultivation, manufacture, use, internal possession, delivery, transfer, or transportation of marihuana or paraphernalia relating to the administration of marihuana to treat or alleviate a registered qualifying patient's debilitating medical condition or symptoms associated with the debilitating medical condition, as defined under the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act, PA 2008, Initiated Law 1, MCLA § 333.26423(e).
MINING
All operations involving excavation, removal, deposit or relocation of sand, gravel, topsoil, clay, marl, other materials and similar materials and fill materials that involve an amount of such earth solids in excess of 400 cubic yards per year as regulated in § 300-18.30 of this chapter.
MINOR STREET
See, within the definition of "street," "local or minor street."
MOBILE HOME
See "dwelling, mobile home."
MOBILE HOME LOT
An area within a mobile home park which is designated for the exclusive use of the occupants of a specific mobile home.
MOBILE HOME PARK (MANUFACTURED HOUSING DEVELOPMENT)
A parcel or tract of land under the control of a person upon which three or more mobile homes are located on a continual nonrecreational basis and which is offered to the public for that purpose regardless of whether a charge is made, together with any building, structure, enclosure, street, equipment, or facility used or intended for use as a temporary park, subject to conditions set forth in the Mobile Home Commission Rules and Act 96 of the Public Acts of 1987 (MCLA § 125.2301 et seq.), as amended.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
MOTOR HOME
A motorized vehicular unit primarily designed for travel and/or recreational usage, which may also contain facilities for overnight lodging. This term does not apply to mobile homes.
NATURAL FEATURES
Natural features shall include soils, wetlands, floodplains, water bodies and channels, topography, trees and other types of vegetative cover, and geologic formations.
NONCONFORMING BUILDING
A building or portion thereof that was lawfully in existence at the effective date of this chapter, or amendments thereto, and which does not now conform to the minimum building height, area, setback, lot coverage or other provision of this chapter pertaining to buildings in the zoning district in which it is located.
NONCONFORMING LOT
A lot which was lawfully in existence at the effective date of this chapter, or amendments thereto, and which does not now conform to the lot size, lot width, or other provisions of this chapter pertaining to lots in the zoning district in which it is located.
NONCONFORMING USE
A use which was lawfully in existence at the effective date of this chapter, or amendment thereto, and which does not now conform to the use regulations of this chapter for the zoning district in which it is now located.
NONCONFORMITY
Any structure, lot, or use of any lot, land or structure, which does not conform at the time of adoption of this chapter or any amendment thereto, to the regulations for the district in which it is located.
NUISANCE
Any offensive, annoying, or disturbing practice or object which prevents the free use of one's property or which renders its ordinary use or physical occupation uncomfortable. Nuisance commonly involves continuous or recurrent acts which give offense to the senses, violate the laws of decency, obstruct reasonable and comfortable use of property, endanger life and health, or the generation of an excessive or concentrated movement of people or things such as:
A. 
Noise;
B. 
Dust;,
C. 
Smoke;
D. 
Odor;
E. 
Glare;
F. 
Fumes;
G. 
Flashes;
H. 
Vibration;
I. 
Shock waves;
J. 
Heat;
K. 
Electronic or atomic radiation;
L. 
Objectionable effluent;
M. 
Noise of congregation of people, particularly at night;
N. 
Passenger traffic; or
O. 
Invasion of non-abutting street frontage by traffic.
NURSERY, DAY NURSERY, or NURSERY SCHOOL
See "child-care center."
NURSERY, PLANT MATERIAL
A space, building, and/or structure, or combination thereof, where live trees, shrubs, and other plants used for gardening and landscaping are propagated, stored, and/or offered for sale on the premises. Also see "open-air business" and "roadside stand."
NURSING HOME, CONVALESCENT HOME, or REST HOME
A home for the care of the aged, infirmed, or those suffering from bodily disorders, wherein two or more persons are housed or lodged and furnished with nursing care. Such facilities are licensed in accordance with Michigan Act 368 of 1978 (MCLA § 333.21701 et seq.), as amended.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
OBNOXIOUS MATERIAL
Anything causing a nuisance.
OCCUPANCY, CHANGE OF
A discontinuance of an existing use and the substitution of a use of a different kind or class, or the expansion of a use.
OCCUPIED
Used in any way at the time in question.
OFF-STREET PARKING SPACE
See "parking space" and "parking lot, off-street."
OPEN SPACE
Lands devoted to outdoor recreation space, greenery, and resource protection. Developed open spaces may include, but are not limited to, playground fixtures, shelters, and tennis courts.
OPEN SPACE, COMMON
An unoccupied area within a planned unit development which is reserved primarily for the leisure and recreational use of all the planned unit development residents, owners, and occupants, and generally owned and maintained in common by them, often through a home owners' or property owners' association. Open space may include septic systems (excluding open lagoons) and utility easements.
OPEN SPACE, PUBLIC
Any primarily undeveloped land intended for passive recreational pursuits, within the jurisdiction and control of a governmental agency.
OPEN STORAGE
Any outdoor storage of building materials, sand, gravel, stone, lumber, equipment, or other supplies.
OPEN-FRONT STORE
A business establishment so developed that service to the patron may be extended beyond the walls of the structure, not requiring the patron to enter said structure.
OPEN-AIR BUSINESS
Any business that is conducted primarily out-of-doors. Unless otherwise specified herein, open-air business shall include:
A. 
Retail sales of garden supplies and equipment, including, but not limited to: trees, shrubbery, plants, flowers, seed, topsoil, trellises, and lawn furniture.
B. 
Roadside stands for the sale of agricultural products, including fruits, vegetables, and Christmas trees.
C. 
Various outdoor recreation uses, including, but not limited to: tennis courts, archery courts, shuffleboard, horseshoe courts, miniature golf, golf driving ranges, and amusement parks.
D. 
Outdoor display and sale of model garages, swimming pools, playground equipment, and similar uses.
PARCEL
See "lot (or parcel)."
PARKING LOT, OFF-STREET
An area on private property which provides vehicular parking spaces along with adequate drives and aisles for maneuvering, so as to provide safe and convenient access for entrance and exit and for parking of more than three vehicles.
PARKING SPACE
An area of definite length and width as designated in this chapter for parking an automobile or other vehicle, which is fully accessible for such purposes, and is exclusive of access drives and aisles thereto.
PARTY WALL
A wall starting from the foundation and extending continuously through all stories to or above the roof that separates one building from another and that is in joint use by each building.
PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE
Any security that may be accepted by the Township as a guarantee that improvements or work required as part of an application for development are satisfactorily completed.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
A criterion to control noise, odor, smoke, toxic or noxious matter, vibration, fire and explosive hazards, glare, heat, or other effects.
PERSON
An individual, trustee, executor, fiduciary, corporation, firm, partnership, association, organization, or other legal entity acting as a unit.
PET
A domesticated dog, cat, bird, gerbil, hamster, guinea pig, turtle, fish, rabbit, or other similar animal that is kept for pleasure or companionship.
PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT
A planned unit development may include such concepts as cluster development, planned development, community unit development, planned residential development, and other terminology denoting special zoning requirements and review procedures. These requirements and procedures are intended to provide design and regulatory flexibility, so as to accomplish the objectives of this chapter using innovative and effective planning approaches.
PLAT
A map of a subdivision of land.
POOL
Any permanent, or portable structure or container located either above or below grade designed to hold water to a depth greater than 24 inches as defined by the adopted building code, intended for swimming or bathing.
POOL DECK
An open, horizontal platform attached or adjacent to the sides of an aboveground swimming pool. The deck shall be considered part of the pool structure.
PORCH
An exterior appendage to a building which has a separate roof or a roof integral with the building which forms a covered approach to a doorway or vestibule.
PORCH, ENCLOSED
A porch separated from the outside by an all-weather partition or a partition which renders the area inside the partition habitable.
PORCH, OPEN
A porch not separated from the outside by either an all-weather partition or a partition rendering the area inside the partition habitable.
PRIMARY CAREGIVER
A person as defined under MCLA § 333.26423 of the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act and who has been issued and possesses a valid registry identification card under the Act.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
PRIMARY CAREGIVER HOME OCCUPATION
An activity in which a primary caregiver assists qualified patients with the medical use of marihuana as a home occupation.
PRIMARY CAREGIVER, COHABITATING
A primary caregiver that resides in the same residence with not more than one qualified patient to whom he or she is connected through the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs registration process.
PRINCIPAL USE
See "use, principal."
PRIVATE STREET OR ROAD
See "street."
PROJECTED AREA
Referring to a building footprint, it is the maximum projection of the structure; e.g., roof overhang. It is the point from which the setback is measured.
PROPERTY LINE
The line separating property from the street right-of-way and the lines separating a parcel of property from the parcels next to it. See also "lot lines."
PUBLIC NOTICE
A notice of the time, place, and purpose of a public hearing, which notice shall be posted in a manner and within a time frame as prescribed in this chapter or in applicable state law.
PUBLIC UTILITY
Any persons, firm, corporation, municipal department, or board, duly authorized to furnish to the public under government regulations any of the following: electricity, gas, steam, communications services, cable television services, transportation services, water, sewer service, or sewage treatment.
QUALIFYING PATIENT or PATIENT
A person as defined under MCLA § 333.26423 of the Michigan Medical Marihuana Act and who has been issued and possesses a valid registry identification card under the Act.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
REAR LOT LINE
See, within the definition of "lot lines," "lot line, rear."
RECREATION ESTABLISHMENT, INDOOR
A privately owned facility designed and equipped for the conduct of sports, amusement, or leisure time activities and other customary recreational activities indoors (within an enclosed building) and operated as a business and open for use by the public for a fee, such as gymnasiums and fitness centers, bowling alleys, indoor soccer facilities, racquetball and tennis clubs, ice- and roller-skating rinks, curling centers, and firearms ranges.
RECREATION ESTABLISHMENT, OUTDOOR
A privately owned facility designed and equipped for the conduct of sports, amusements, or leisure time activities and other customary recreational activities outdoors (outside of an enclosed building) and operated as a business and open for use by the public for a fee, such as tennis clubs, archery ranges, firearm ranges, golf courses, miniature golf courses, golf driving ranges, water slides, batting cages and machines, skateboarding parks, and children's amusement parks.
RECREATIONAL LAND
Any public or privately owned lot or land that is utilized for recreation activities such as, but not limited to, camping, swimming, hunting, picnicking, hiking, nature trails, boating, and fishing.
RECREATIONAL VEHICLE
A boat, snowmobile, off-road vehicle, camper travel trailer, motor home, pickup camper, or trailer which is designed for private recreational or travel use and which is further defined as:
A. 
TRAVEL TRAILERA portable vehicle on a chassis which is designed to be used as a temporary dwelling during travel, recreational, and vacation uses, and which may be identified as a travel trailer by the manufacturer. Travel trailers generally contain sanitary, water, and electrical facilities.
B. 
PICKUP CAMPERA structure designed to be mounted on a pickup or truck chassis with sufficient equipment to render it suitable for use as a temporary dwelling during the process of travel, recreational, and vacation uses.
C. 
MOTOR HOME (TRAILER COACH)A self-propelled motorized recreational vehicle intended, designed, used, or constructed, and duly licensable for travel and/or recreational usage, and for temporary human habitation, sleeping, and/or cooking and eating for one or more persons, mounted upon a chassis with wheels and capable of being moved from place to place under its own power. Motor home generally contains sanitary, water, and electrical facilities.
D. 
FOLDING TENT TRAILERA folding structure, mounted on wheels and designed for travel and vacation use.
E. 
Boats and boat trailers, floats, rafts, canoes, plus the normal equipment to transport them on the highway.
F. 
OTHER RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENTSnowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, special-terrain vehicles, utility trailers, plus normal equipment to transport them on the highway.
REFUSE
The miscellaneous waste materials resulting from housekeeping, mercantile enterprises, trades, manufacturing and offices, including other waste matter such as slag, stone, broken concrete, fly ash, ashes, tin cans, glass, scrap metal, rubber, paper, rags, chemicals or any similar or related combinations thereof. Synonym: rubbish.
RESTAURANT
A restaurant is any establishment whose principal business is the sale of food and beverages to the customer in a ready-to-consume state, and whose method of operation is characteristic of a carry-out, drive-in, drive-through, fast food, standard restaurant, or bar/lounge, or combination thereof, as defined below:
A. 
RESTAURANT, CARRY-OUTA carry-out restaurant is a restaurant whose method of operation involves sale of food, beverages, and/or frozen desserts in disposable or edible containers or wrappers in a ready-to-consume state for consumption primarily off the premises.
B. 
RESTAURANT, DRIVE-INA drive-in restaurant is a restaurant whose method of operation involves delivery of prepared food so as to allow its consumption in a motor vehicle or elsewhere on the premises, but outside of an enclosed building.
C. 
RESTAURANT, DRIVE-THROUGHA drive-through restaurant is a restaurant whose method of operation involves the delivery of the prepared food to the customer in a motor vehicle, typically through a drive-through window, for consumption off the premises.
D. 
RESTAURANT, FAST-FOODA fast-food restaurant is a restaurant whose method of operation involves minimum waiting for delivery of ready-to-consume food to the customer at a counter or cafeteria line for consumption at the counter where it is served, or at tables, booths, or stands inside the structure or out, or for consumption off the premises, but not in a motor vehicle at the site.
E. 
RESTAURANT, STANDARDA standard restaurant is a restaurant whose method of operation involves either:
(1) 
The delivery of prepared food by waiters and waitresses to customers seated at tables within a completely enclosed building; or
(2) 
The prepared food is acquired by customers at a cafeteria line and is subsequently consumed by the customers at tables within a completely enclosed building.
F. 
BAR/LOUNGEA bar or lounge is a type of restaurant which is operated primarily for the dispensing of alcoholic beverages, although the sale of prepared food or snacks may also be permitted. If an establishment includes a bar or lounge and a separate dining facility, the establishment shall be considered a bar/lounge if more than 50% of the usable floor area of the entire establishment is used for the bar/lounge.
RIGHT-OF-WAY
An area dedicated to or owned by a public body and available for use by the general public. In the case of public streets, the right-of-way normally includes curbs, lawn strips, and lighting and drainage facilities.
ROADSIDE STAND
A temporary or existing permanent building operated for the purpose of selling only produce raised or produced by the proprietor of the stand or his family on the premises, and its use shall not make into a commercial district land which would otherwise be an agricultural or residential district, nor shall its use be deemed a commercial activity for purposes of this chapter.
ROOM
For the purpose of determining lot area requirements and density in a multiple-family district, a room is a living room, dining room or bedroom equal to at least 80 square feet in area. A room shall not include the area in kitchen, sanitary facilities, utility provisions, corridors, hallways and storage. Plans presented showing one-, two-, or three-bedroom units and including a "den," "library," or other extra room shall count such extra room as a bedroom for the purpose of computing density.
RUBBISH
See "refuse."
SATELLITE ANTENNA
An accessory structure which at its widest dimension is in excess of 36 inches, capable of receiving signals from orbiting satellites and other extraterrestrial sources, together with other equipment related to such purposes.
SCHOOL, CHARTER (PUBLIC SCHOOL ACADEMY)
A public school and a school district, subject to the leadership and general supervision of the state board over all public education. A charter school or public school academy is authorized by the executive action of authorizing board which may be the board of a school district, an intermediate school board, or the board of a community college or a state public university.
SCHOOL, NONPUBLIC
A nonpublic school is any school other than a public school giving instruction to people and not under the exclusive supervision and control of the officials having charge of the public schools of the state. Nonpublic schools include private, denominational, and parochial schools.
SCHOOL, PUBLIC
A public elementary or secondary educational entity or agency that has as its primary mission the teaching and learning of academic and vocational-technical skills and knowledge, and is operated by a school district, local act school district, special act school district, intermediate school district, public school academy corporation, public state university, or by the department or state board.
SCREEN, OBSCURING
A visual barrier between adjacent area or uses consisting of structures, such as a wall or fence, or living plant material.
SEASON, AGRICULTURAL
The growing season, which by definition shall end a maximum four weeks after the last frost in any calendar year.
SETBACK
The distance between a front, side or rear lot line and the leading projected area (as defined by this chapter) of a structure on the lot. The minimum required setback is the minimum distance between a front, side or rear lot line and the nearest projected area of a structure in order to conform to the required yard setback provisions of this chapter. (See "yard.") When considering setback, for purposes of this chapter, the yard on the street side of a house is considered the front yard. See also "lot, corner," and within the definition of "yard," "yard, front," etc.
SETBACK, PARKING LOT
The minimum horizontal distance between the street right-of-way or property line and the near edge of the parking lot, excluding necessary and/or approved driveways, frontage roads, and landscaping areas.
SIDE LOT LINE
See, within the definition of "lot lines," "side lot line."
SIDE ROAD
The roadway at a corner lot which carries or is typically designated for lower traffic volumes.
SIDEWALK
Pedestrian or nonmotorized vehicular circulation routes built according to the standards of the Township or other agency with right-of-way jurisdiction, as applicable.
SIGN
Any object, device, display, or structure, or part thereof, situated outdoors or indoors, which is used to advertise, identify, display, direct, or attract attention to an object, person, institution, organization, business, product, service, event, or location by any means, including words, letters, figures, design, symbols, fixtures, colors, illumination, or projected images; including the following sign types:
A. 
SIGN, ANIMATED OR MOVINGAny sign or part of a sign that changes physical position or light intensity by any movement or rotation or that gives the visual impression of such movement or rotation, including electronic message boards.
B. 
SIGN, AWNING OR CANOPYA sign that is mounted, painted, or attached to an awning, canopy, or marquee that is otherwise permitted by ordinance.[1]
C. 
SIGN, DIRECTIONALSigns limited to directional messages, principally for pedestrian or vehicular traffic, such as One Way, Entrance, and Exit.
D. 
SIGN, GROUNDAny sign, other than a pole sign, in which the entire bottom is in contact with or close to the ground and is independent of any other structure and which is up to six feet in height.
E. 
SIGN, IDENTIFICATIONA sign giving the nature, logo, trademark, or other identifying symbol; address; or any combination of the name, symbol, and address of a building, business, development, or establishment on the premises where it is located.
F. 
SIGN, POLEA sign that is mounted on a freestanding pole or other support so that the bottom edge of the sign face is six feet or more above grade.
G. 
SIGN, POLITICALSee "sign, yard."
H. 
SIGN, PORTABLEA sign that is not permanent, affixed to a building, structure, or the ground.
I. 
SIGN, PROJECTINGA sign that is wholly or partly dependent upon a building for support and that projects more than 12 inches from such building.
J. 
SIGN, REAL ESTATESee "sign, yard."
K. 
SIGN, ROOFA sign that is mounted on the roof of a building or that is wholly dependent upon a building for support and that projects above the top walk or edge of a building with a flat roof, the eave line of a building with a gambrel, gable, or hip roof, or the deck line of a building with a mansard roof.
L. 
SIGN, SUSPENDEDA sign hanging down from a marquee, awning, or porch that would exist without the sign.
M. 
SIGN, TEMPORARYA sign intended for a limited period of display, including all portable signs, banners, pennants, and/or balloon signs.
N. 
SIGN, WALLA sign fastened to or painted on the wall of a building or structure in such a manner that the wall becomes the supporting structure for, or forms the background surface of, the sign and that does not project more than 12 inches from such building or structure, and the exposed face of which shall be on a plane parallel to the building wall to which it is attached.
O. 
SIGN, WINDOWA sign permanently or temporarily painted, placed or affixed on, or to, a glass window or other transparent surface so as to be visible through the surface to which it is attached, from outside the premises.
P. 
SIGN, YARDA sign of relatively impermanent construction manually placed on a yard or lawn.
[Amended 12-19-2019 by Ord. No. 118-2019]
SIGN AREA
The entire face of a sign, including the advertising surface and any framing, trim, or molding but not including the supporting structure.
SITE
The property subject to a development plan or other review process pursuant to this chapter.
SITE PLAN
A plan showing all relevant features of a proposed development, as required in Article XXIII, so that it may be evaluated to determine whether it meets the provisions of this chapter.
SMALL SCALE LIVESTOCK OPERATION
The keeping of domesticated animals and fowl, other than dogs, cats, for recreation, education, breeding or other purposes as an accessory use to another permitted use in any district, other than the Agricultural District.
SPECIAL EVENT
An occurrence or noteworthy happening of seasonal, civic, or church importance, which is organized and sponsored by a nonprofit the Township of Buchanan community group, organization, club or society, and which offers a distinctive service to the community, such as public entertainment, community education, civic celebration, or cultural or community enrichment. Special events typically run for a short period of time (less than two weeks) and are unlike the customary or usual activities generally associated with the property where the special event is to be located.
SPECIAL USE
A use that is subject to approval by the Township Board of Trustees under the procedures and requirements for a special use permit contained in Article XXIV of this chapter. A special use permit may be granted only when there is a specific provision in this chapter. A special use is not considered to be a nonconforming use.
SPECIFIED ANATOMICAL AREAS
Specified anatomical areas shall include:
A. 
Less than completely and opaquely covered human genitals, anus and female breasts at or below the top of the areola; and
B. 
Human male genitals in a discernibly turgid state, even if completely and opaquely covered.
SPECIFIED SEXUAL ACTIVITIES
Any of the following:
A. 
The fondling or any other erotic touching of human genitals, pubic region, buttocks, anus, or female breasts;
B. 
Sex acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated, including intercourse, oral copulation, or sodomy;
C. 
Masturbation, actual or simulated; or
D. 
Excretory functions as part of or in connection with any of the activities set forth in Subsections A through C of this definition.
STABLE, PRIVATE
A private stable is an enclosed building intended for the keeping of horses or other large domestic animals, for the noncommercial use of the residents of the principal residential use on the site.
STABLE, PUBLIC
A public stable is an enclosed building intended for the keeping of horses or other domestic animals, in which any such animals are kept for remuneration, hire, or sale.
STATE LICENSED RESIDENTIAL FACILITY
Any structure constructed for residential purposes that is licensed by the State of Michigan pursuant to Public Act 116 of 1973 (MCLA §§ 722.111 et seq.) or Public Act 218 of 1979 (MCLA §§ 400.701 et seq.). These acts provide for the following types of residential structures:
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
A. 
ADULT FOSTER CARE FACILITYA governmental or nongovernmental establishment having as its principle function the receiving of adults, 18 years of age or older, for foster care in accordance with Public Act 218 of 1979 (MCLA §§ 400.701 through 400.735), as amended, and the Adult Foster Care Administrative Rules as administered by the Michigan Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs. It includes facilities and foster care family homes for adults who are aged, emotionally disturbed, developmentally disabled, or physically handicapped who require supervision on an ongoing basis but who do not require continuous nursing care. An adult foster care facility does not include nursing homes, homes for the aged, hospitals, alcohol or substance abuse rehabilitation centers, or residential centers for persons released or assigned to a correctional facility. The following four types of adult foster care homes are provided for by these rules:
(1) 
ADULT FOSTER CARE FAMILY HOMEA private residence with the approved capacity to receive not more than six adults who shall be provided foster care for five or more days a week and for two or more consecutive weeks. The adult foster care family home licensee shall be a member of the household and an occupant of the residence.
(2) 
ADULT FOSTER CARE SMALL GROUP HOMEAn adult foster care facility with the approved capacity of not more than 12 adults who shall be provided foster care. Local zoning approval is required prior to issuance of a license only if seven or more residents will live in the home.
(3) 
ADULT FOSTER CARE LARGE GROUP HOMEAn adult foster care facility with the approved capacity to receive at least 13 but not more than 20 adults who shall be provided foster care. Local zoning approval is required prior to issuance of a license.
(4) 
ADULT FOSTER CARE CONGREGATE FACILITYAn adult foster care facility with the approved capacity to receive more than 20 adults who shall be provided foster care. Local zoning approval is required prior to issuance of a license.
B. 
FOSTER FAMILY HOMEA private residence that houses four or fewer foster children, up to age 19, under constant child care and supervision. Under Public Act 116 of 1973 (MCLA § 722.111 et seq.), a foster family home does not require local zoning approval before being licensed by the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs.
C. 
FOSTER FAMILY GROUP HOMEA private residence that houses five or six foster children, up to age 19, under constant care and supervision. Under Public Act 116 of 1973 (MCLA § 722.111 et seq.), a foster family group home requires local zoning approval before being licensed by the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs.
STORAGE
The depositing of material, products for sale or use, vehicles, or other items for a period greater than 24 hours. This definition shall include items for household use, but shall not include vehicles, boats, mobile homes and other items with a current, valid registration (license).
STORY
That portion of a building included between the upper surface of any floor and the upper surface of any floor above; or any portion of a building between the topmost floor and the roof having a usable floor area equal to at least 50% of the usable floor area of the floor immediately below it. A basement shall be deemed a full story when the vertical distance from the average grade to the floor below is less than the vertical distance from the average grade to the ceiling.
STORY, HALF
The uppermost story lying under a pitched roof, the usable floor area of which does not exceed two-thirds of the floor area of the uppermost full story. The usable floor area of a half story shall be at least 160 square feet with a minimum clear height of seven feet, six inches.
STREET
A public or private street, road or thoroughfare intended primarily to provide vehicular circulation and/or access to abutting property. Various types of streets are defined as follows:
A. 
COLLECTOR STREETA street whose principal function is to carry traffic between local or minor streets and major streets but may also provide direct access to abutting properties.
B. 
CUL-DE-SACA dead-end public or private street, generally short in distance, which terminates in a circular or semi-circular section of street allowing for vehicle turnaround.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General Provisions, Art. I)]
C. 
LOCAL OR MINOR STREETA street whose sole function is to provide access to abutting properties.
D. 
MAJOR STREETA street that carries high volumes of traffic and serves as a main avenue through or around the Township. Major streets may also be referred to as arterial streets or major thoroughfares. For the purpose of this chapter, major streets shall include those streets designated as "county primary," "county local" or "major" streets.
E. 
PRIVATE STREET OR ROADA street or road under private ownership which has been constructed for the purposes of providing access to adjoining property, and which is normally open to the public so that persons other than the occupants of adjoining property may travel thereon, but which has not been accepted for maintenance by the Township, county, state or federal government.
F. 
PUBLIC STREET OR ROADA street or road, the right-of-way and improvements of which have been accepted for maintenance by the Township, county, state, or federal government.
STREET LINE
A dividing line between the street and a lot, also known as the right-of-way line. See "right-of-way."
STRUCTURAL ALTERATION
Any change in the supporting members of a building or structure, such as bearing walls, partitions, columns, beams, or girders, or any change in the width or number or exits, or any substantial change in the roof.
STRUCTURE
Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires permanent location on the ground or attachment to something having permanent location. Structures include, but are not limited to, principal and accessory buildings, towers, decks, fences, privacy screens, walls, antennae, swimming pools, signs and septic systems.
STRUCTURE, ACCESSORY
See "accessory use, building, or structure."
STRUCTURE, OUTDOOR ADVERTISING
See "sign."
SUBDIVISION PLAT
The division of a tract of land into two or more lots, building sites, or other divisions for the purpose of sale or building development, in accordance with the Subdivision Control Act, Michigan Public Act 288 of 1967, MCLA § 560.101 et seq., as amended, and Chapter 142, Land Division.
SWIMMING POOL
See "pool."
TEMPORARY USE OR BUILDING
See "building, temporary" or "use, temporary."
THEATER
An enclosed building used for presenting performances or motion pictures which are observed by paying patrons from seats situated within the building.
TOWNHOUSE
See "dwelling unit, single-family attached or townhouse."
TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS WASTE
Waste or a combination of waste and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material which, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics, may cause or significantly contribute to the following if improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed:
A. 
An increase in mortality; or
B. 
An increase in serious irreversible illness; or
C. 
Serious incapacitating, but reversible, illness; or
D. 
Substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment.
TRAILER
See "recreational vehicle" and "dwelling, mobile home."
TRANSITION
A zoning district, a landscaped area, lot arrangement, wall or other means which may serve as a buffer between various land use types, particularly those uses which are incompatible.
TRUCK STORAGE
An area used for the temporary storage of private trucks or trucks for hire.
USE
The purpose for which land, lots, or buildings thereon is designed, arranged or intended, or for which it is occupied, maintained, let or leased.
USE, ACCESSORY
See "accessory use, building, or structure."
USE, PERMITTED
A use which may be lawfully established in a particular district or districts, provided it conforms with all requirements, regulations, and standards of such district.
USE, PRINCIPAL
The main use of land and buildings and the main purpose for which land and buildings exist.
USE, SPECIAL
See "special use."
USE, TEMPORARY
A use permitted to exist during a specified period of time conditions and procedures as provided in this chapter.
VARIANCE
A modification of the literal provisions of this chapter in accordance with the provisions herein in cases where strict enforcement would cause undue hardship as a result of special circumstances affecting an individual property that do not generally affect other properties in the same zoning district.
VEHICLE, COMMERCIAL
Any one of a class of vehicles and similar vehicles whose characteristics are described below which have or require commercial license plates and have a gross vehicle weight in excess of 6,500 pounds. Any commercially licensed vehicle which does not possess the characteristics of a commercial vehicle, as defined below, shall not be subject to the restrictions applying to commercial vehicles:
A. 
SEMI-TRAILERA trailer unit which is customarily attached to and propelled by a truck tractor vehicle, but which can be detached to stand alone. "Semi-trailer" shall include trailers with flat beds, stake beds, roll-off beds, tanker bodies, dump bodies, and full or partial box-type enclosures, to include any units which exceed 12 feet in height.
B. 
TRUCK TRACTORA commercial vehicle which is capable of attaching to and propelling semi-trailers, mobile homes, modular homes, boat trailers, and similar units, and which is not customarily operated without an attached trailer.
C. 
OTHER COMMERCIAL VEHICLESAny truck or motor vehicle with a cab and chassis with a stake, rack, dump body, wrecker body, tanker body, or any other body, the mounted height of which exceeds the height of the cab roof more than eight inches. This shall include any vehicle which has a commercial license plate and which is designed to accommodate a body length in excess of nine feet. Commercial vehicles do not include motor homes or recreational vehicles, but do include construction equipment such as backhoes, power shovels, bulldozers, earth-moving equipment, and similar vehicles, excepting farm vehicles.
VETERINARY HOSPITAL
See "clinic, veterinary."
WALL, OBSCURING
A structure of definite height and location to serve as an opaque screen in carrying out the requirements of this chapter.
WALL, PARAPET
An extension of a building wall above the roof which may serve to screen roof-mounted mechanical equipment.
WALL, RETAINING
A permanent constructed barrier intended to retain earth at an angle steeper than its natural angle of repose.
WAREHOUSE
A building used for short- and/or long-term storage in connection with production and marketing or in connection with manufacturing, freight handling, and retailing.
WAREHOUSE, MINIATURE OR SELF-STORAGE
A building or group of buildings in a controlled access and/or fenced compound that contains varying sizes of individualized, compartmentalized, and controlled-access stalls or lockers for the storage of customer's goods or wares.
WASTE RECEPTACLE STATION
Any exterior space which is not a principal use for containers, structures, or other receptacles intended for temporary storage of solid waste materials.
WELLNESS CENTERS
A facility providing physical, emotional, mental and/or spiritual evaluation, consultation, therapy and/or services such as, but not limited to, beauty treatment; weight loss support; exercise and fitness services; substance abuse, medical, and psychological counseling; and nutrition and health evaluation and support. Such services and consultation may be offered by appointment, for walk-in patrons or for overnight guests.
WETLAND
Land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances, does support wetland vegetation or aquatic life and is commonly referred to as a bog, swamp, or marsh.
WETLAND, REGULATED
Certain wetlands regulated by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality under the provisions of Act 451 of 1994, MCLA § 324.101 et seq., as amended, and generally defined as land characterized by the presence of water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances, does support wetland vegetation or aquatic life and is commonly referred to as a bog, swamp, or marsh and which is any of the following:
A. 
Contiguous to an inland lake or pond, or a river, or a stream;
B. 
Not contiguous to an inland lake, pond, river, or stream, and more than five acres in size; or
C. 
Not contiguous to an inland lake, pond, river, or stream and five acres or less in size if the Michigan Department of Natural Resources determines that protection of the area is essential to the preservation of the natural resources of the state from pollution, impairment, or destruction and the Department has so notified the property owner.
WHOLESALE SALES
On-premise sales of goods primarily to customers engaged in the business of reselling the goods.
WINERY, BREWERY or DISTILLERY
An agricultural facility in which grapes, fruits, or grains are grown or purchased, fermented or brewed, and processed into wine, mead, liquor, or beer, and packaged for distribution, including on-site tasting and consumption, as licensed by the State of Michigan.
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION ANTENNA, FIXED WIRELESS SIGNALS
Any commercial nonbroadcast communications signals transmitted via wireless technology to and/or from a fixed customer location. Examples include wireless signals used to provide telephone service or high-speed internet access to a fixed location. Applies to individuals who place antennas that meet size limitations on property that they own or rent and that is within their exclusive use or control, including condominium owners and cooperative owners.
[Added 9-16-2021 by Ord. No. 123-2021]
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TOWER, COMMERCIAL
A structure of lattice or monopole framework to which an antenna may be attached for the transmission and/or reception of radio, television, satellite or microwave signals that facilitates wireless communications including cellular, enhanced specialized mobile radio (ESMR), personal communication, or similar services, along with associated equipment necessary to operate these facilities.
[Added 9-16-2021 by Ord. No. 123-2021]
YARD
An open area on the same lot with a building, unoccupied and unobstructed from the ground upward, except as otherwise permitted in this chapter.
A. 
YARD, FRONTA yard extending across the front of a lot between the side yard lines; and being the minimum horizontal distance between the right-of-way line of the street and the main building or any projections other than the projection of the usual steps, unenclosed balconies, or open porch. (See definition for "setback.") Unless otherwise specified, on corner lots there shall be maintained a front yard along each street frontage. Where lots have double frontage, the required front yard shall be provided on both streets.
B. 
YARD, REARA yard extending across the rear of a lot, measured between the side lot lines, and being the minimum horizontal distance between the rear lot line and the rear of the main building or any projections other than steps, unenclosed balconies, or unenclosed porches. On corner lots, the rear yard may be opposite either street frontage, but there shall only be one rear yard.
C. 
YARD, SIDEA yard between a principal building and the side lot line, extending from the front yard to the rear yard, the width of which shall be the horizontal distance from the nearest point of the side lot line to the nearest point on the principal building.
300 Yard.tif
ZONING ADMINISTRATOR
The official appointed by the Township Supervisor with the consent of the Township Board, and assisting the Township Supervisor, Township Board, Planning Commission and Zoning Board of Appeals in administering the regulations of this chapter.
ZONING COMPLIANCE PERMIT
The written authority issued by the Zoning Administrator permitting the construction, removal, moving, alteration, or use of a building, structure, lot or parcel in conformity with this chapter.
ZONING ENFORCEMENT OFFICER
The official appointed by the Township Supervisor with the approval of the Township Board to assist the Zoning Administrator in his/her duties with regard to enforcement of this chapter.
[1]
Editor's Note: The former definition of "sign, construction," which immediately followed this definition, was repealed 12-19-2019 by Ord. No. 118-2019.