[Adopted 4-30-2007 by Ord. No. 2007-02]
This article shall be known and may be cited as the "East Hanover
Township Road Ordinance."
This article is enacted for the purpose of creating conditions
favorable to the health, safety and general welfare of the residents
of East Hanover Township (the "Township") by regulating and prohibiting
the opening, construction or dedication for public use or travel of
any road or street, or any drainage facilities in connection therewith,
except in accordance with plans submitted to and approved by the Township
Supervisors.
The provisions of this article shall be held to be minimum requirements
for the promotion of the above purposes. Where the provisions of this
article impose greater restrictions than those of any other statute,
ordinance or regulation, the provisions of this article shall be controlling.
Where the provisions of any other statute, ordinance, or regulation
impose greater restrictions than this article, the provisions of such
other statute, ordinance, or regulation, including, but not limited
to, the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code,[1] as amended, Chapter 250, Zoning of the East Hanover Township Code, and the Lebanon County Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance, shall be controlling.
[1]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq.
As used in this article, words expressed in the singular include
their plural meanings, and words expressed in the plural include their
singular meanings. The word "person" includes a corporation, its responsible
officers, an unincorporated association, and a partnership, as well
as an individual. The word "street" is used generally and shall be
construed as if followed by the phrase "or part thereof." The term
"watercourse" includes drainage ditch and stream. The word "may" is
permissive; and the words "shall" and "will" are mandatory. In addition,
the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials.
The current edition of A Policy in Geometric Design of Highways
and Streets as published by AASHTO.
An improved cartway designed and constructed to provide for
vehicular movement between a public road or private street and the
off-street parking and/or loading for any use other than one single-family
dwelling unit or farm.
A developer and/or landowner, as hereinafter defined including
here is, successors, and assigns, who has filed an application for
a street improvement permit.
The governing body of the East Hanover Township.
The surface of a street, drive, or alley available for vehicular
traffic.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
A local street open at one end only and has a special turning
area at the closed end.
The deliberate appropriation of land by its owner for general
public use.
A fee paid by the permittee to the East Hanover Township
to defray a percentage of the costs for resurfacing the reconstruction
of Township streets resulting from the depreciation of streets associated
with street openings.
The speed that is five miles per hour greater than the proposed
posted speed limit.
Any person, firm, corporation, or other legally recognized
entity for whom subdivision or land development plans have been prepared
or who constructs or proposes to construct a road intended to become
part of the Township road system or intended for dedication to the
public use.
A facility or physical improvement intended or designed to
accept and/or dispose of stormwater runoff.
An improved cartway designed and constructed to provide vehicular
movement between a public road or private street and a tract of land
serving one single-family dwelling unit or a farm.
The legal, beneficial, equitable owner or owners of land,
including the holder of an option or contract to purchase (whether
or not such option or contract is subject to any conditions), a lease
(if authorized under the lease to exercise the rights of the landowner),
or another person having a proprietary interest in the land.
The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code, Act of July
31, 1968, P.L. 805, No. 247, as amended and reenacted, 53 P.S. § 10101
et seq., as currently amended.
The Department of Transportation of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
or any agency successor thereto.
Any person who has been issued a permit and who shall have
by acceptance thereof agreed to fulfill any provisions of this article.
The total width of any land reserved or dedicated as a street,
alley, pedestrian way, or for other public or private use.
A street not accepted for dedication by the Township. "Street"
shall include a legally established right-of-way.
The entire right-of-way of the "public street," public highway,
public alley, public road or public easement within the Township limits.
Excluding the designated curb and sidewalk areas.
The East Hanover Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania,
acting by and through its Board of Supervisors or other agents.
The duly appointed Engineer of the Township.
No person, partnership, association or corporation shall construct,
open or dedicate any road or street, or any drainage facilities in
connection therewith, for public use or travel in the Township of
East Hanover or proceed with site grading or construction activities
relating to a proposed road or street without first submitting plans
therefor in triplicate to the Board of Supervisors for their approval.
The Board of Supervisors shall review said plans, and in the process
thereof, may refer them to the Township Engineer, the Township Planning
Commission and the Lebanon County Planning Department. No road or
street, or drainage facilities in connection therewith, shall be constructed,
opened or dedicated for public use or travel nor shall any site grading
or construction activities be commenced in connection therewith except
in strict accordance with plans approved by the Board of Supervisors.
A.
General. The construction of a street or other facilities within
a street right-of-way shall not be initiated until a street improvement
permit has been issued.
B.
Applicant procedure. An application for a street improvement permit
may be submitted to the Secretary of the Board of Supervisors on any
business day.
(1)
The Township Secretary may review the application with the Township
Engineer, Solicitor, and other officials in order to determine approval,
or disapproval, or the application.
(2)
The Township Secretary shall, within 35 days from the municipal receipt
of an application, issue a permit or disapprove the application and
transmit the decision in writing to the applicant and Township Engineer.
(3)
Failure of the Township to render a decision and communicate as prescribed
above shall be deemed an approval unless the applicant extends the
time period.
(4)
A notice of disapproval shall cite the reasons for disapproval.
C.
Application requirements. An applicant for a street improvement permit
shall include one copy of the Application for Street Improvement Permit
(See Appendix No. 1),[1] liability insurance, when applicable, and filing fee in
the amount specified in the fee schedule, as established by resolution
of the Board of Supervisors. The filing fee shall include an initial
escrow deposit for street improvement permit plan review and processing.
In addition to such escrow deposits, all disbursements by the Township
incident to plan review, approval and processing in excess of the
amount required by escrow deposits, and all inspections of construction,
including but not necessarily limited to engineering fees, land planning
consultants, inspection fees, costs of materials or site testing and
any maintenance costs prior to the acceptance of improvements by the
Township, shall be reimbursed, as billed at the actual costs. In addition,
any legal fees incurred by the Township in excess of review of the
Township's standard forms shall be reimbursed in the same manner.
[Amended 8-30-2010 by Ord. No. 2010-02]
[1]
Editor's Note: Said Appendix is included as an attachment
to this chapter.
D.
Inspection of improvement during construction. Prior to initiation
of construction, the applicant shall notify the Secretary of the Board
of Supervisors so that the Township may, at their discretion, inspect
the improvements during construction. The Township shall be notified
two days in advance of the intended date of construction. No provisions,
as stated herein, shall be construed as mandatory periodic inspections
and the undertaking of periodic inspections shall not be construed
as an acceptance of the work during construction or as a final inspection
of the construction.
E.
The Township, at the expense of the applicant, reserves the right
to require tests of the improvements to determine whether they comply
in all respects with the requirements of the Township.
F.
As-built plan. After issuance of a street improvement permit and
upon completion of all required improvements, the applicant shall
submit an as-built plan showing the location, dimension and elevation
of all improvements. The plan shall note all deviation from the previously
approved drawings. Two copies of the plan shall be submitted to the
Secretary of the Board of Supervisors, who shall distribute one copy
to the Township Engineer for review and retain one copy for the Township
files. Approval of the as-built plan shall be a prerequisite to the
release of any bond and acceptance of any such improvements by the
Township.
G.
Liability insurance. If, in the opinion of the Board of Supervisors
based upon a report of the municipal engineer, the nature of the work
is such that it may create a hazard to human life, or endanger adjoining
property or streets, then the Board of Supervisors shall, before issuing
the permit, require that the applicant file a certificate of insurance
showing that there exists insurance against claims for damages for
personal injury, bodily injury and property damage. The liability
insurance shall be to the amount prescribed by the municipality in
accordance with the nature or risks involved and include the municipality
as an additional insured. Such insurance shall be written by a company
licensed to do business in the commonwealth.
H.
Neither issuance of the permit nor compliance with the provisions
hereto or any conditions imposed by the municipality shall relieve
any person from any responsibility for damage otherwise imposed by
law, nor impose any liability upon the Township of East Hanover or
its officers and employees for damages to persons or property.
A.
No developer shall construct, open, dedicate, or attempt to open
or dedicate any road, or drainage facility for public use or travel
in the East Hanover Township without first submitting plans therefore
in triplicate to the Board or its duly designated representative,
for approval.
B.
A complete plan submission shall be filed with the Township Secretary
at least 30 days prior to a regular meeting of the Township Supervisors.
Before acting upon any such plans, the Township Supervisors may, in
their discretion, arrange for a public hearing, after giving such
notice, as they may deem desirable in each case.
A.
The Township Supervisors reserve the right to specify any plan changes
or modifications, which they, in their discretion, may deem necessary
with respect thereto, and to make their approval of such plans subject
to any such alterations, changes or modifications. The Township Supervisors
shall render a decision either approving or disapproving such plans
within 60 days after the initial meeting of the Board to consider
said plans, or within 90 days of receipt of a complete plan submission.
Any disapproval of the plans shall be issued within the said time
after the plans are filed, provided that any disapproval and the manner,
if any, in which the plans can be corrected and/or modified to obtain
the required approval. If no decision is rendered on the plans within
said time period the plans shall be deemed to be approved.
B.
Conformance with adopted plans. The proposed street pattern shall
be properly related to existing streets; to Official Maps; to such
County and state road and highway plans as have been duly adopted;
to approved and recorded plans of subdivision and/or land developments,
where required by the Township.
A.
Plans for roads and/or drainage facilities shall be prepared and
submitted to the Board in triplicate. The Board shall review said
plans, and in the process thereof may refer them to the Township Engineer,
Township Solicitor or other sources as deemed necessary, including
the Township Planning Commission and Lebanon County Planning Department.
In the event any changes are required, the Board shall refer the plans
back to the developer for revisions in accordance with the specified
changes.
B.
All plans shall show the profile of such roads, streets or alleys; the course, structures and capacity of any drainage facility; the method of drainage of the adjacent or contiguous territory; and drainage profiles of the roads and properties shown on the plan. Storm drainage plans meeting the requirements of the Chapter 185, Subdivision and Land Development, for stormwater management as amended, shall also be submitted to the Township, together with calculations concerning the volumes and velocities of runoff and the size of drainage facilities. In all cases, the design of the stormwater drainage facilities shall conform to the minimum standards for drainage facilities and the maximum allowable stormwater runoff velocities set forth in Chapter 185, Subdivision and Land Development.
C.
A subdivision or land development plan, meeting the requirements of Chapter 185, Subdivision and Land Development, as amended, or any future subdivision and land development ordinance governing the subdivision or development of land in the Township, shall be acceptable; provided that all other information required herein is submitted to the Board.
D.
Street circulation. Streets, alleys, driveways, and access drives
shall be designed to:
(1)
Permit the safe, efficient and orderly movement of vehicles and facilitate
adequate access for emergency vehicles.
(2)
Provide, when possible, two directions of vehicular access by means
of a street or access drive to and within a development.
(3)
Meet the needs of the present and future populations.
(4)
Provide a simple and logical pattern.
(5)
Function under a hierarchy system where the intensity of intersections
decreases as traffic volumes and speed increases.
(6)
Respect the natural features and topography.
(7)
Present an attractive streetscape.
E.
All street design elements shall conform to the standards of this
article and the appropriate design criteria in the latest editions
of the PennDOT Publication 13M Design Manual Part 2 and the AASHTO
Green Book.
F.
Private streets. Private streets are to be discouraged. Private streets
shall meet all the design standards of this article for public streets.
Applications, which propose development of a private street, shall
be accompanied by an agreement, which shall be recorded with the Recorder
of Deeds as part of the final plan. This agreement shall establish
the conditions under which the street will be constructed and maintained,
as well as conditions controlling an offer of dedication, and shall
stipulate:
(1)
The street shall be constructed and maintained to conform to this
article.
(2)
An offer for dedication of the street shall be made only for the
street as a whole.
(3)
The method of assessing maintenance and repair cost to maintain such street as depicted on the final plan. If the street is dedicated, the method of providing financial security to guarantee the proper functioning and structural integrity of the street as depicted on the final plan for a term of 18 months from the date of acceptance of dedication. Said financial security shall be of the same type as otherwise required in Chapter 185, Article V.[1] The financial security shall be 15% of the actual cost
of installation of said improvements.
(4)
An agreement by the owners of 51% of the front footage thereon shall
be binding on the owners of the remaining lots.
(5)
An agreement that any amendment to the agreement shall be subject
to the prior approval of the Township.
G.
Handicap provisions. All public areas shall be designed barrier-free
in accordance with applicable federal and state standards, including,
but not limited to, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and
the Rehabilitation Act.
H.
Street design. Streets within the Township are designated by classification
in the East Hanover Township Comprehensive Plan. Any street not designated
as an arterial or collector shall be designated a local street.
(1)
The design standards for arterial streets shall be specified by PennDOT
and based upon the projected average daily traffic and a minimum design
speed of 55 mph.
(2)
Collector and local streets shall have a minimum design speed of
35 mph.
(3)
Cul-de-sac streets, shall have a minimum design speed of 25 mph.
(4)
The design speed of all streets shall be subject to Township approval.
(5)
The applicant shall indicate the design speed for all proposed streets.
(6)
The speed limit for all streets shall not exceed the design speed.
The applicant shall post the speed limit for all streets upon completion
of construction.
(7)
All public areas shall be designed barrier-free in accordance with
applicable federal and state standards, including, but not limited
to, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the Rehabilitation
Act.
I.
Arrangement. Streets shall be designed with consideration to both
existing and planned streets.
(1)
All streets shall be arranged to conform as closely as possible to
the original topography.
(2)
Streets, which serve as connector routes to population centers, shall
be connected with streets of similar function, to form continuations
thereof.
(3)
Local streets shall be laid out to discourage use by through traffic.
(4)
Streets shall be laid out to provide convenient and safe access to
the property.
(5)
The rigid rectangular street pattern need not be adhered to; curvilinear
streets may be provided when their use will result in a more desirable
layout. Where a development abuts an existing or proposed arterial
street, the Board of Supervisors may require the use of reverse frontage
lots, or such other treatment that will provide protection for abutting
properties, reduce the number of intersections with the arterial street,
and separate the local and through traffic.
J.
Street provisions for future development. Where the Township determines
it to be appropriate, areas shall be reserved for future street usage
in conjunction with the development of adjacent tracts. Areas reserved
for future street usage shall include sufficient area to establish
street and lot graded and extend the area necessary to construct the
street. Areas reserved for future streets will be at least equal to
the minimum right-of-way for the type of street proposed. The Township
may require the extension of sanitary sewer and public water supply
facilities within the area of the future street. The applicant shall
submit an agreement in a form acceptable to the Township, which shall
provide for the construction and removal of the temporary turnaround.
(1)
Wherever there a dedicated or platted right-of-way reserved for future
street usage along or abutting the boundary of a tract being developed,
the developer shall extend the adjacent street into the proposed development
provided that this extension is not adverse to significant man-made
or natural features of the site.
(2)
The developer connecting a proposed street to an existing temporary
cul-de-sac shall perform all restoration work necessary to restore
the adjacent lots in the area of the existing turnaround.
K.
Half streets. Half or partial streets (less than the required right-of-way
or cartway width) will not be permitted. All plans shall be designed
to provide for the entire required right-of-way and cartway.
L.
Street rights-of-way and cartway widths and improvements. The minimum
street rights-of-way and cartway widths for new streets shall be as
follows:
|
Street Classification
|
Cartway/Shoulder Width
|
Right-of-Way
(feet)
|
|---|---|---|
|
Arterial street1
|
With curbs — 48-foot cartway
|
80
|
|
Without curbs — 44-foot cartway and 10-foot improved shoulders
(each side)
| ||
|
Collector street
|
With curbs — 34-foot cartway
|
60
|
|
Without curbs — 34-foot cartway and 81-foot improved shoulders
(each side)
| ||
|
Local street2
|
With curbs — 30-foot cartway
|
50
|
|
Without curbs — 26-foot cartway and 4-foot improved shoulders
(each side)
| ||
|
Alley
|
20-foot cartway
|
30
|
|
1
|
Width subject to PennDOT requirements.
|
|
2
|
Pavement width shall be increased where on-street parking is
planned or lots average 80 feet or less in width.
|
(2)
Extension of existing streets. The extension of existing streets,
which constructed with a cartway different from the standards of this
article, shall be provided with a transition area, the design of which
is subject to the Board of Supervisors approval.
(3)
Actual cartway widths may vary depending on the number of required
lanes. All lanes adjacent to curbing shall be 14 feet and all other
lanes shall be 12 feet in width. Lane widths may be reduced by one
foot for roads with speed limits of 35 mph or less with approval by
the Board of Supervisors.
M.
All permanent cul-de-sac streets shall be constructed at the closed
end with a turnaround having a right-of-way diameter of not less than
120 feet and a cartway diameter of not less than 100 feet. Cul-de-sac
streets shall have a minimum length of 350 feet and a maximum length
of 1,000 feet measured from the terminus of the turnaround of the
cul-de-sac streets to the center line of the intersecting through
street. In the case where a cul-de-sac intersects another cul-de-sac,
the length shall be measured along the street center lines to the
terminus of the furthest turnaround of the culs-de-sac to the center
line of the intersecting through street. The combined culs-de-sac
shall be considered one cul-de-sac street for the purposes of this
measurement. Permanent cul-de-sac streets shall serve a maximum 12
single-family detached residential lots/units; 24 duplex lots/units;
or 30 townhouse/multifamily lots or units. All temporary cul-de-sac
streets shall be constructed at the closed end with a paved turn around
having a cartway diameter of not less than 80 feet. When, however,
a temporary turnaround is provided at the end of a street that will
be continued under phased construction, the temporary cul-de-sac street
shall be constructed so that the cartway diameter of the turnaround
of the temporary cul-de-sac street is on the adjoining section of
the intended street extension. "No parking" signs shall be erected
by the developer on all cul-de-sac streets.
N.
Future rights-of-way. Future rights-of-way are rights-of-way reserved
for future street improvements. They shall be designed in conformance
with the design requirements of a street, and the contiguous parcels
must contain proper setbacks and sight distances.
(1)
The area within the future right-of-way shall be included within
the deeds to the abutting lots with an easement in favor of the Township
and landowners of the land into which the future right-of-way will
extend to permit the use of the future right-of-way for public street
purposes should the adjoining lands be developed.
(2)
The landowners of the lots in which the future right-of-way is included
shall have the duty to maintain the area included within the future
right-of-way and this duty shall be indicated in a note on the final
plan and in all deeds to such lots. The notes on the final plan and
in all deeds to such lots shall also state that the landowners shall
not be entitled to compensation for the future right-of-way upon its
opening for public use by the Township or the adjacent landowners
of the land into which the right-of-way extends.
(3)
The landowners of the lots in which the future right-of-way is included
shall have no obligation concerning the improvement of such future
right-of-way for street purposes.
O.
Vertical alignments.
(2)
Where topographic conditions dictate, the Board of Supervisors may
approve, on a case-by-case basis, street grades for local streets
and cul-de-sac streets in excess of 10%.
(3)
Vertical curves shall be used in changes in grade exceeding an algebraic
difference of 1%. The minimum lengths (in feet) of vertical curves
shall be in accordance with the requirements of the AASHTO Green Book.
(4)
Where the approaching grade exceeds 7% on any or all streets at a
four-way street intersection, or the terminating street at a three-way
intersection, a leveling area shall be provided on the street(s) with
such excessive grade. Such leveling area(s) shall have a maximum grade
of 4% for a minimum length of 150 feet measured from the intersection
of the center lines.
(5)
The grade within the diameter of a turnaround at the terminus of
a permanent cul-de-sac street shall not exceed 5% nor be less than
1%.
(6)
All new streets shall be graded to the right-of-way line. The maximum
slopes of banks located outside of the street right-of-way, measured
perpendicular to the right-of-way of the street, shall not exceed
3:1 for fills and 2:1 for cuts.
(7)
Guide rail protection is required along embankments when a barrier
is indicated as warranted in latest version of the PennDOT Publication
13M, Design Manual Part 2, latest edition. Guide rail shall be constructed
according to PennDOT standards.
P.
Horizontal alignments. Horizontal street alignments shall be measured
along the center line. Horizontal curves shall be used at all angle
changes in excess of 2°. Single long radii curves shall be used
rather than a series of curves with varying radius and/or a series
of short curves separated by short, tangent segments. The minimum
horizontal curve center line radius for streets shall be 250 feet.
For streets with design speeds greater than 30 mph, minimum radii
shall be in accordance with the requirements of the current edition
of PennDOT Publication 70M, Guidelines for the Design of Local Roadways
and Streets.
(1)
Perimeter streets. Plans with street locations along the perimeter
of a property shall be required to show building setback lines and
clear sight triangles within the adjacent properties; permission for
any encroachment shall be obtained from the adjacent landowner in
the form of a signed agreement.
(2)
Cartway alignment. The center line of the street cartway shall correspond
with the center line of the street right-of-way.
Q.
Street names. Continuations of existing streets shall be known by
the same name. Names for new streets shall not duplicate nor closely
resemble names of existing streets within the Township or within the
same postal area. All new street names are subject to the local postmaster,
local emergency service providers and Lebanon County Emergency Management
Agency granting approval with all final plan applications. All street
names shall conform, where applicable, to the Township plan for street
names. The developer shall install street name signs at all new street
intersections. The design and placement of such signs shall be subject
to Township approval and shall be in accordance with the current edition
of PennDOT Publications 236M (Handbook of Approved Signs) and 408M
(Specifications).
R.
If the developer proposes to erect mailboxes within the right-of-way,
grouped mailboxes shall be used whenever permitted by the Postal Service.
The location of such grouped mailboxes shall be acceptable to the
Postal Service and the Board.
A.
No person shall plow, cultivate, harrow, regrade, or in any way,
disturb the surface of the land within the rights-of-way of any Township
street without approval and issuance of permits as required by this
article.
B.
No person shall deposit fieldstone, trash or other debris of any
kind within the right-of-way of any Township street.
C.
No person shall allow the deposit of mud, dirt, silt, manure or any
other debris, whether accidentally or otherwise, to remain upon the
cartway of any Township street.
A.
The applicant is solely responsible for maintaining the site of the
work in a safe condition at all times. Maintenance and protection
of traffic shall be in strict accordance with the latest edition of
PennDOT Publication 203, "Work Zone Traffic Control." Failure of the
Township to notify the landowner of any unsafe conditions shall not
relieve the landowner of his responsibility and liability.
B.
All work shall be performed without damaging property other than
the property of the applicant. The applicant shall be responsible
for remedying any off-site damages promptly and to the satisfaction
of the damaged property owner, before final approval and acceptance
of the work by the Township.
A.
Where a subdivision or land development abuts an existing Township and/or state street or shall have a traffic impact on an existing Township and/or state street as indicated by a traffic study required by Chapter 185, Subdivision and Land Development, the developer shall make the following improvements:
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General
Provisions, Art. I)]
(1)
In cases where a subdivision or land development abuts an existing Township or state street, the street shall be improved to the ultimate width in accordance with Chapter 185, Subdivision and Land Development.
(2)
In cases where the development is situated only on one side of an
existing street, the Township may require that only that side of the
street be improved. The Township may require that both sides of the
street be improved where the traffic impact study indicates that the
improvements are necessary.
(3)
Where the traffic impact study indicates that improvements are necessary
or advisable to existing Township and/or state streets and/or intersections
within the traffic impact study area in order to i) ensure adequate,
safe and convenient access to each lot and/or structure and/or parking
compound proposed as part of the development of the tract, ii) accommodate
the traffic due to the proposed development, iii) provide for a level
of service and delay for the design year, or years for phase projects,
with the development which is at least equivalent to the projected
level of service and delay for the design year(s) without the proposed
subdivision or development, and/or iv) preserve the existing convenience
of access to or ability to exit from abutting properties which gain
access from the existing street, the developer shall install additional
traffic lanes, traffic dividers, traffic improvements. The developer
shall install additional traffic lanes, traffic dividers, traffic
control devices, traffic signals, and other measures as appropriate
to ensure that the development of the tract does not adversely impact
the existing street system and/or access to or the ability to exit
from properties gaining access from an affected street. If the traffic
impact study indicates that improvements must be made to a state street,
the developer shall also take all action necessary to obtain any PennDOT
permits and/or approvals to install the necessary street widening
and/or traffic signals and/or traffic signal modifications (including
but not limited to preparation of all studies and submission of all
necessary applications to enable the installation of the traffic signal
or modifications) and shall install the traffic signal or modifications
at its cost and expense. If the traffic impact study indicates that
traffic control devices or regulations including, but not limited
to, stop intersections, speed limit reductions, or parking prohibitions,
are required, the developer shall prepare all studies necessary to
justify imposition of such regulations in accordance with PennDOT
regulations and shall pay all costs associated with the preparation
and enactment of an ordinance to establish such regulations. The developer
shall bear all costs and expenses in connection with the improvements.
If the developer requires the Township to submit any permit applications
or requests for approvals in the name of the Township, the developer
shall reimburse the Township for all costs and expenses incurred by
the Township in connection with its review of the application and
submission of the application to PennDOT or any other governmental
agency.
(4)
When the Township determines that the required improvements are not
feasible at the time of development of the use, the developer shall
deposit funds with the Township in the amount of 110% of the cost
of the improvements as detailed in the Subdivision and Land Development
Ordinance. The Township Engineer shall review and approve the amount
of the deposit (after it has been determined that the amount meets
current standards).
(5)
Street improvements. All streets shall be designed and constructed
in accordance with the latest edition of PennDOT Publication 408 (Specifications),
PennDOT Publication 242 Pavement Policy Manual page 64-22, the Road
Ordinance, the construction details located in Appendix No. 2, and
the following:
(6)
Subgrade. Roadway subgrade shall be graded to provide a minimum 2%
cross-slope from center line as indicated in the construction details
in Appendix No. 2. In all cases subgrade material shall be firm and
dry prior to the installation of the proposed subbase material. In
the instance of unsuitable subgrade conditions, the developer may
excavate unsuitable material and replace with suitable crushed aggregate,
install under drains, or utilize geotextile material in order to provide
sound pavement structure in accordance with PennDOT guidelines and
as approved by the Township. In areas of wet or unstable subgrade,
under drains shall be installed as required by the Township.
(7)
Required paving section. All roads to be constructed to the following
minimum paving requirements. Actual paving design may be required
should proposed traffic volume exceeds 5,000 vehicles per day or the
percentage of truck traffic exceeds 10%. The minimum paving requirements
are:
(a)
Streets intended to serve as rural local roads and in residential
developments shall be constructed as follows:
[1]
Subbase Course — Six inches of 2A subbase.
[2]
Base Course — Five inches of Superpave Asphalt Mixture
Design, HMA Base Course, PG 64-22, 0.3-3m ESALs, 25mm.
[3]
Binder Course — 2 1/2 inches of Superpave Asphalt
Mixture Design, HMA Binder Course, PG 64-22, 0.3-3m ESALs, 19.0mm.
[4]
Wearing Course — 1 1/2 inches of Superpave Asphalt
Mixture Design, HMA Wearing Course, PG 64-22, 0.3-3m ESALs, 12.5mm,
SRL-L.
(b)
Streets intended to serve as collector or arterial roads or
as part of industrial or commercial developments shall be constructed
as follows:
[1]
Subbase Course — Six inches of 2A subbase.
[2]
Base Course — Six inches of Superpave Asphalt Mixture
Design, HMA Base Course, PG 64-22, 0.3-3m ESALs, 25mm.
[3]
Binder Course — Three inches of Superpave Asphalt Mixture
Design, HMA Binder Course, PG 64-22, 0.3-3m ESALs, 19.0mm.
[4]
Wearing Course — 1 1/2 inches of Superpave Asphalt
Mixture Design, HMA Wearing Course, PG 64-22, 0.3-3m ESALs, 12.5mm,
SRL-H.
(c)
Except where curbs are to be installed, the subbase for all
proposed roads shall extend one foot beyond the edge of the paved
cartway.
(d)
The maximum lifts for the installation of bituminous material
shall be four inches for base courses, three inches for binder courses
and two inches for wearing courses.
(e)
All vertical pavement joints shall be staggered by a minimum
distance of one foot. Where construction involves the widening of
an existing road, the existing road center line shall be milled a
minimum width of two feet and minimum depth of 1 1/2 inches and
the wearing course shall be constructed to the existing road center
line.
(f)
Tack coat shall be applied as needed.
(g)
Shoulders shall be constructed to the same specifications as
the adjacent cartway.
B.
The drainage channel or "berm" of said roadway shall be graded so
that the normal surface water will be properly carried therein without
any surface water running across the roadway.
C.
Except to the extent that any provision of this section is inconsistent
therewith, all roads, streets and alleys shall be constructed so that
all work, materials and equipment conform to the requirements of the
latest edition of the PennDOT Publication 408.
D.
In the event sinkholes or wet areas are encountered in the construction
of said street, the roadway shall be so constructed that the danger
of said roadway sinking, cracking or otherwise being weakened by such
conditions is completely removed. All sinkhole repairs shall be monitored
and certified by a registered professional geologist.
E.
The berm of said roadway shall be a minimum of four feet wide and shall have been graded and rolled. Gutters shall be constructed so that the surface of the ten-year storm gutter flow for local streets and twenty-five year storm gutter flow for collector and arterial streets shall not encroach upon the cartway. In the event that the drainage of surface water will require installation of pipes, storm sewers, drains, water boxes and grates or other improvements in order to carry such surface water from the premises, the person constructing the same shall be required to lay said pipes, storm sewers, drains, water boxes and grates or other improvements to take care of such surface water in the manner required by Chapter 185, Subdivision and Land Development, or any other applicable subdivision regulations.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General
Provisions, Art. I)]
F.
The installation of pipes, storm sewers, drains, water boxes and
grates or other improvements, and the installation of the necessary
headwalls or the extension of any pipes or other improvements shall
be so constructed as to not be damaged by the persons using said road.
Said facilities shall be so located that manholes, grates, valves,
or other improvements, which rise above the surface of the ground,
are not located within the paved cartway. Such facilities may be located
on the shoulder or other areas of the right-of-way.
G.
Curbs and sidewalks shall be constructed with Class A concrete, as
specified by the PennDOT Publication 408, with 4% to 6% air entrainment.
H.
Sidewalks.
(1)
Sidewalks shall be provided as follows unless specifically waived
by the Board of Supervisors:
(a)
In all residential subdivisions or land developments located
within the RLD - Low-Density Residential; RHD - High-Density Residential;
RSP - Special Purpose Residential; and V - Village zoning districts.
(b)
To provide access to and/or within a commercial, industrial,
or community facility. Sidewalks, which are provided as part of such
nonresidential facilities, shall be designed and constructed to service
the projected pedestrian needs.
(c)
Where deemed necessary for the public safety by the Township.
(2)
Sidewalks shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the
following standards:
(a)
Sidewalks within a residential subdivision plan shall be located
along the side(s) of the street upon which lots front. These sidewalks
shall be constructed in accordance with the design specifications
(Appendix No. 2) and shall be located within the street right-of-way.
(b)
Sidewalks within a residential land development plan shall be
located along both sides of proposed streets and/or access drives
throughout the project, and adjacent to vehicular parking compounds.
These sidewalk locations may be varied if, in the judgment of the
Board of Supervisors, the proposed alternate system meets the projected
need for pedestrian circulation. Sidewalks shall be constructed in
accordance with the design specifications (Appendix No. 2)[1] and shall be located within the street right-of-way.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said Appendix is included as an attachment
to this chapter.
(c)
Pedestrian easements which may be required by the Board of Supervisors
to facilitate pedestrian circulation or to give access to community
facilities shall have a minimum right-of-way width of six feet and
a walkway width of four feet. This walkway shall be improved to the
standards assigned by the entity, which accepts the easements.
(d)
In all cases, sidewalks shall be separated from curbs by a four-foot
wide planting strip.
(3)
Each plan showing proposed curbs and sidewalks will contain a note
to the effect of the following:
|
"Developer shall be responsible for and bear the sole cost of
the installation for all curbs and sidewalks shown on the plan. Sidewalks
shall be constructed in accordance with all requirements of the East
Hanover Township Road Ordinance and other provisions. The owner of
each lot shall be responsible for the care and maintenance of the
curbing and sidewalk along the full frontage of the lot. Curbs and
sidewalks shall be kept in a continuous and constant state of repair
and shall be generally maintained in a good and safe condition, with
a smooth surface, only minor cracks, no bulging, and fee of obstructions,
ice and snow. East Hanover Township shall be considered as a third
party beneficiary of this note and shall have the full right, but
no duty, to enforce the terms hereof."
|
I.
Curbs.
(1)
Curbs shall be provided as follows, unless specifically waived by
the Board of Supervisors:
(2)
All curbs shall be constructed in accordance with the design specifications
(Appendix No. 2).
(3)
Curbs shall be vertical. Where no curb is provided, there shall be
a stabilized shoulder provided with a minimum width of six feet.
(4)
Vertical curbs shall be 18 inches deep, seven inches wide at the
top, and eight inches wide at the base. The distance from the top
of the curb to flow line of the gutter shall be eight inches. A minimum
of four inches of 2A subbase shall be installed under vertical curb.
To provide for driveways, depressions in vertical curb shall be constructed
and finished during the time of pouring. Depressions shall not exceed
6 1/2 inches from the top of the curb.
(5)
All curbs shall conform to specifications for Class A concrete as
specified by the PennDOT, with a minimum compressive strength of 3,000
pounds per square inch after 28 days.
(6)
Curbs shall be constructed with 1/8 inch sawcut control joints every
10 feet and 1/2 inch of asphalt impregnated material at all structures
and at the beginning and end of daily curb construction.
(7)
Cuts and fills within the street right-of-way shall be made at a
maximum slope of two feet horizontal to one-foot vertical. Where curbing
or retaining walls are used to control slopes, a sketch showing details
of the construction shall be submitted to the Township Engineer.
J.
Seed.
(1)
All distributed areas to be reseeded shall receive a treatment of
seed in accordance with Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
Publication 408 § 804, and shall be equivalent to the following
mixture:
|
Formula B
| |
|---|---|
|
Ryegrass, perennial
|
20%
|
|
Fescue, Pennlawn Red
|
30%
|
|
Bluegrass, Kentucky
|
50%
|
(2)
All areas adjacent to curbs, inlets, manhole covers, and similar
facilities are to be sealed with PG 64-22 for a distance of 12 inches
from the curb, inlet, manhole cover, or similar facility. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, no facilities such as manhole covers and grates, which
rise above the surface of the grade, shall be permitted to be installed
within the cartway.
(3)
All backfilling within state highways shall conform to Pennsylvania
Code, Department of Transportation, Title 76, Chapter 459, and "Occupancy
of Highways by Utilities," latest edition.
A.
At the time of initiation of construction, developer shall notify
the Township Secretary so that appropriate Township Officials may
inspect the road, street or drainage facility during construction.
The Township shall be notified two days in advance of the intended
date of construction of the base so that the subgrade may be inspected.
The Township shall be notified one day in advance of the intended
date of construction of the paved surface so that the subbase course
may be inspected and that paving construction may be adequately observed.
Upon completion of paving construction and all required restoration,
the Township shall be notified so that the finished road may be inspected.
If found satisfactory, the developer shall be so notified but said
road, street or drainage facility shall not be deemed accepted for
future repair and maintenance by the Township until the provisions
of dedication are complied with. If after the final inspection is
made, deficiencies in the method of construction are determined, the
deficient work shall immediately be corrected by the developer. Township,
at developer's expense, reserves the right to require tests of the
road to determine whether the road complies in all respects with the
approved plans as modified, if applicable. The developer shall be
responsible to reimburse the Township for all costs incurred associated
with any observation of construction.
B.
No provisions of this section shall be construed as mandating periodic
inspections and the undertaking of periodic inspection of the construction.
A.
Intersections involving the junction of more than two streets are
prohibited.
B.
The distance between the center line of streets opening onto the
opposite sides of existing or proposed streets shall be no less than
150 feet between center lines, measured along the center line of the
street being intersected.
C.
Intersections with collector streets shall be located not closer
than 400 feet, measured from center line to center line, along the
center line of the collector street being intersected.
D.
Intersections with arterial streets shall be located not closer than
1,000 feet, measured from center line to center line, along the center
line of the arterial street being intersected.
E.
Right angle intersections shall be used whenever possible. No street
shall intersect another at an angle of less than 75°.
F.
The cartway edge at street intersections shall be rounded by a tangential
arc with a minimum radius of 25 feet for local streets or alleys and
55 feet for intersections involving arterial and collector streets.
The right-of-way radii at intersection shall be substantially concentric
with the edge of the cartway.
A.
Clear sight triangles. There shall be provided and maintained at
all intersections a clear sight triangle of at least 75 feet from
the point of intersection of the center lines of intersecting streets,
except that clear sight triangles of 100 feet shall be provided for
all intersections with arterial and collector streets. Clear sight
triangles shall be indicated on all plans, and a note shall be provided
on the plans which states that no structures, landscaping or grading
may be constructed, installed or performed within the area of the
clear sight triangle which would obscure the vision of motorists.
Deeds to lots, which contain clear sight triangles, shall include
the requirement of this section. Clear sight triangles shall apply
to all intersections with streets, including new streets, access drives,
alleys and driveways.
B.
Safe stopping sight distance (SSSD).
(1)
Street intersections shall be located at a point, which provides
optimal sight distance in both directions.
(2)
Calculation of safe stopping sight distance (SSSD).
(a)
For each intersection, the available sight distance for each
direction shall equal or exceed the SSSD computed from the following
formula:
|
SSSD = 1.47Vt + {V2/[30 x(f+G)]}
|
|
Where:
| ||
|
SSSD
|
=
|
Safe stopping sight distance (feet).
|
|
V
|
=
|
Speed limit, or 85th percentile speed or safe operating speed.
|
|
t
|
=
|
Perception time of driver (2.5 seconds).
|
|
f
|
=
|
Wet friction of pavement as follows:
|
|
Speed
(mph)
|
f
|
|---|---|
|
25
|
0.38
|
|
30
|
0.35
|
|
35
|
0.34
|
|
40
|
0.32
|
|
45
|
0.31
|
|
50
|
0.30
|
|
55
|
0.30
|
|
G = Percent grade of roadway divided by 100.
|
(b)
If the 85th percentile speed varies by more than 10 miles per
hour from the speed limit, the Township may require the 85th percentile
speed to be used to determine stopping distance.
(c)
Table 1 depicts stopping sight distance for selected speeds.
The sight distances in Table 1 apply for roadway grades in whole numbers
from +13% to -13% along with speeds from 15 to 60 miles per hour in
increments of five miles per hour. The designer may use this table
in-lieu-of the above formula.
(d)
Measurement of sight distance.
[1]
The correct measurement of available sight distance at each
proposed street intersection shall be the responsibility of the applicant.
[2]
For the purpose of measuring available sight distance, the height
of each driver's eyes shall be 3.50 feet above the road surface, and
the height of each vehicle shall be 4.25 feet above the road surface.
The lateral placement of vehicles on the roadway and at the proposed
access point shall be consistent with the operation of the access
and roadway.
[3]
For each direction, the shortest of the following measurements
shall be considered the available sight distance for that direction:
[a]
The maximum length of roadway along which a driver
at the proposed street intersection can continuously see another vehicle
approaching on the roadway. The driver's eyes at the proposed point
of access shall be 10 feet back from the near edge of the closest
travel lane.
[b]
The maximum length of roadway along which a driver
on the roadway can continuously see a vehicle which is located in
his travel lane on the roadway in order to make a left turn into the
proposed access or as a result of a left or right turn out of the
proposed access.
[c]
The maximum length of roadway along which the driver
of a vehicle intending to make a left turn into the proposed access
can continuously see vehicles approaching from the other direction.
This is measured from the point where the left turning vehicle stops.
(e)
Inadequate sight distance remedies. If it is impossible to achieve
required stopping sight distance, in both directions the Township
may:
[1]
Prohibit left turns by entering or exiting vehicles.
[2]
Require alteration of the horizontal or vertical geometry of
the roadway or access; all such work shall be at the expense of the
applicant.
[3]
Require removal of physical obstruction from the line of the
sight, at the expense of the applicant.
[4]
Deny access to the roadway.
(f)
Proper sight distance shall be provided with respect to both
horizontal and vertical road alignments at all intersections.
The use of alleys is limited to providing a secondary means
of access to the side and/or rear of those lots with street frontage
and designed to discharge through traffic. Alleys shall conform to
the following standards:
A.
A lot, which utilizes an alley, shall maintain frontage along a public
or private street.
B.
An application that proposes alleys shall be accompanied by an agreement
which shall be recorded with the Final Plan and which shall establish
the conditions under which the alleys will be maintained.
C.
The Final Plan for recordation with the Recorder of Deeds shall include
a plan note, which identifies:
D.
The cartway of all alleys shall be provided and constructed in accordance with the specifications for local streets as stated in § 179-22.
E.
The vertical and horizontal alignments of alleys shall conform to the specifications for local streets as stated in § 179-22 respectively.
G.
No part of any structure shall be located within 30 feet from the
cartway edge of an alley.
H.
Any alley that forms a cul-de-sac shall not exceed 400 feet in length,
measured from the center line intersection of a street or private
street, which is not a cul-de-sac. Alley culs-de-sac, which do not
terminate in a parking compound, shall be provided at the terminus
with a fully paved turnaround. The turnaround shall be designed with
an eighty-foot paved diameter.
I.
Alley maintenance. The final plan shall contain a note, which states
that the alley shall not be offered for dedication and shall be privately
maintained.
(1)
If an alley is to be for the common use of two or more properties,
the applicant shall provide for the maintenance of such alley. The
applicant shall provide for private maintenance through the formation
of the homeowner's association or through the setting forth of the
maintenance responsibilities in easement in the deeds to the lots,
which have the right to use the alley. If a homeowners' association
is formed, a document setting forth the maintenance responsibilities
of such association and the right of such association to assess lots
within the development shall be recorded at the same time as the final
plan is recorded. All such documents shall be in a form acceptable
to the Township Solicitor.
(2)
All persons who shall purchase a lot abutting or having the right
to use an alley shall be given a copy of the final plan and, if a
homeowners' association has been formed, shall be given a copy of
all such documents relating to the maintenance responsibilities of
such homeowners' association.
Shall conform to the following requirements:
A.
The cartway of all access drives shall be constructed in accordance with the specification for local streets as stated in § 179-22.
B.
Access drives do not require a specific right-of-way; however, the
following standards for cartway width shall apply:
|
Cartway Width
| ||
|---|---|---|
|
Function
|
Minimum
(feet)
|
Maximum
(feet)
|
|
One lane
|
12
|
14
|
|
Two lanes
|
20
|
28
|
|
Three lanes
|
30
|
40
|
C.
The vertical and horizontal alignments of access drives shall conform to the specifications for local streets as stated in § 179-22.
D.
Access drive intersections shall conform to the specifications for local streets as stated in § 179-22.
E.
No part of any structure shall be located within 30 feet from the
cartway edge of an access drive.
F.
Access drives which form a cul-de-sac shall not exceed 1,000 feet
in length, measured from the center line intersection of a street
or private street, which is not a cul-de-sac. Access drive culs-de-sac,
which do not terminate in a parking compound, shall be provided at
a terminus with a fully paved turnaround. The turnaround shall be
designed with an eighty-foot paved diameter.
A.
Driveways shall be located to provide minimum safe stopping distance
at intersections with streets and shall not be located within any
clear sight triangles on abutting streets or access drives. Driveways
shall intersect the street of lesser classification when there is
more than one street classification involved. Driveways shall not
interfere with the normal traffic movement or be inconsistent with
the design maintenance and drainage of the street.
B.
Driveways shall be located at least 60 feet from the cartway edge
at street or access drive intersections. Access shall be provided
and maintained to the street or access drive of lesser classification
or lesser traffic volumes. Driveways shall not interfere with the
normal traffic movement or be inconsistent with the design, maintenance,
and drainage of the street or access drive.
C.
All driveways constructed on Township right-of-way shall have the
same degree of slope as the existing shoulder and in no case less
than 3/4 inch per foot, with the low point in line with the existing
gutter line.
D.
Driveways shall have a maximum slope of 8% for a distance of 25 feet
from the street or access drive. Driveway slopes shall not exceed
12% without the written approval of the Township and Fire Chief. Where
the remainder of the driveway exceeds or is expected to exceed a slope
of 12% as approved by the Township and Fire Chief, special grading
and/or drainage provisions may be required by the Township.
E.
All driveways with slopes of 10% or greater shall be paved.
F.
When a proposed driveway will access a street or access drive which
in the Township's opinion has large traffic volumes, higher traffic
speeds, or poor site distances the Township may require the use of
a turnaround area to prevent vehicles from backing onto the street
or access drive. The turnaround design is subject to the Township's
approval.
G.
Drainage pipe may not be installed under any driveway within the
Township right-of-way, unless written permission and pipe diameter
is supplied by the Township.
H.
Trench restoration. Excavation within, or adjacent to streets shall
be restored in accordance with the construction details located in
Appendix No. 2[1] and the following:
(1)
Trench restoration shall proceed as promptly as is possible. Trenches,
which must remain open for longer periods of time, shall be properly
plated and delineated for oncoming traffic.
(2)
The remainder of the trench shall be backfilled with 2-RC or 2A promptly
compacted. The backfill material shall be placed and mechanically
tamped in approximately six inch layers.
(3)
Where openings are made behind the curbline, work shall be performed
as required in these specifications, and the opening covered with
good topsoil to a depth of six inches, and seeded or sodded to the
Township's satisfaction.
(4)
Whenever the trenches have not been properly filled, or if settlement
occurs, they shall be refilled, compacted, smoothed off, and finally
made to conform to the surface of the ground.
(5)
Frozen material shall not be used for backfill, nor shall any backfilling
be done when materials already in the trench are frozen.
[1]
Editor's Note: Said Appendix is included as an attachment
to this chapter.
I.
Weather limitation. Criteria for placement of bituminous materials
during cold or inclement weather shall be in accordance with the latest
edition of PennDOT Publication 408 (Specification).
A.
If a development contains structures such as streets, sewers and
other public improvements that will be dedicated to the Township,
stormwater control facilities may also be dedicated to and maintained
by the Township. Even if the Township elects to accept dedication
of streets, the Township is under no obligation to accept stormwater
management facilities located outside of the public right-of-way.
B.
All stormwater inlets within the right-of-way shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with PennDOT Publications 13M and 408.
C.
Periodic maintenance (after each storm event) of temporary control
facilities such as replacement of straw bale dikes, straw filters,
silt fence, or similar measures.
A.
If any traffic signals are to be installed, the distance between
any new and/or existing signals shall be at least 1,000 feet unless
the developer demonstrates that adjacent traffic signals can operate
sufficiently at lesser distances.
B.
Design of proposed development access points shall take into consideration
the horizontal and vertical grades of the existing road network in
the traffic impact study area to permit safe and convenient access
to the site as defined in the latest PennDOT regulations. All modifications
required to meet these regulations will be the responsibility of the
developer.
C.
Specific traffic control and access requirements. The following specific
traffic control and access requirements shall be met for developments,
which produce 100 peak hour directional trips.
D.
The developer shall demonstrate by using the latest PennDOT standards
and regulations that the proposed uses will not create traffic patterns
and movements, which will jeopardize the traveling public.
(1)
Stacking of sufficient length shall be provided in all traffic lanes
on the site and off the site on adjacent roadways to ensure that there
shall be no blockage of through traffic. The design and length of
the stacking lanes shall be justified and supported by the queuing
analysis required as part of the traffic impact study.
(2)
Street and/or access drives to and within the site shall be designed
in a manner that blockage of through traffic by vehicles attempting
to enter or exit on these streets or access drives will not occur.
(3)
Acceleration, deceleration and turning lanes shall be of sufficient
lengths to accomplish their intended use.
E.
If reduction of the speed limit, installation of traffic control
devices, limitation of parking or turning movements or similar measures
are required to mitigate traffic impacts upon Township or state highways,
the applicant shall present traffic studies performed in accordance
with PennDOT regulations and Publication No. 201, Engineering and
Traffic Study regulations. The erection or the installation of such
traffic control devices shall be in accordance with Title 67, Chapter
211, "Official Traffic Control Devices," of PennDOT regulations. If
the enactment of an ordinance is necessary to effectuate the traffic
regulations or the installation of the traffic control device, the
applicant shall reimburse the Township for all expenses in the preparation
and enactment of the necessary ordinance.
F.
For access points to the proposed development and any major intersections
where traffic signal control may be required or is being proposed,
a traffic signal warrant analysis shall be performed in accordance
with the requirements of PennDOT Publication 201. A left turn lane
shall be provided and analysis shall be completed to determine the
type of signal phasing required.
G.
Emergency traffic signal preemption shall be addressed and provided
as required.
H.
An agreement between the Township and the developer shall be provided
with regard to operating expenses and maintenance of proposed traffic
signals.
I.
Additional through lanes and lane transitions of sufficient length
shall be provided to allow smooth traffic flow to existing traffic
lanes thus minimizing congestion, delay and blockage of through traffic
within the proposed improvement area. The design and length should
be justified and supported by the queuing analysis required as part
of the traffic impact study.
J.
All required signs should be in accordance with the Pennsylvania
Department of Transportation Publication 408 latest edition and the
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways
latest edition (MUTCD).
A.
The developer shall install poles or standards for streetlights,
with underground "parkway cable" service lines, when the Township
requires. Such facilities shall be located in the right-of-way and
shall be placed at each intersection and no more than 350 feet apart.
The Township shall approve the facilities as to type and location
within the right-of-way.
B.
Streetlighting shall be designed to provide a minimum average of
one footcandle at an elevation of three feet above the road surface.
At such time as the construction of the road is found to meet
all necessary requirements and the approved plans, as modified, shall
submit to Board one Mylar as-built plan of the road which shall form
a part of the permanent records of the Township. The plan shall be
prepared using a scale of one inch equals 50 feet horizontal and one
inch equals 10 feet vertical, unless another scale is approved in
writing by the Township.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this article, the Board reserves
the right and privilege to alter the method of construction, type
of construction and/or require the utilization of a specified alternate
where the physical characteristics of the land indicate, where roads,
streets, or drainage facilities will be Township road is being relocated
at the request and expense of the developer.
All streets, roads, and drainage facilities shall be constructed
in strict accordance with the approved plans and no changes shall
be effectuated unless the same receive the written authorization of
the Board. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the Board
reserves the right to require changes during the construction stage
where on-site conditions, in the opinion of the Board or its duly
designated representative, indicate the adverse effect of stormwater
runoff and/or the adverse effect to the roadbed and/or road surface
may be minimized by such changes.
A.
General.
(1)
The permit shall be issued in the name of the owner of the facility,
hereafter called the permittee, and shall be binding upon the permittee,
its agents, contractors, successors, personal representatives, and
assigns.
(2)
The permittee shall cause its agents, contractors, successors and
assigns to comply with all the terms and conditions of the permit.
The permit shall be maintained as a permanent record and remain in
effect, subject to the conditions thereof, as long as the permittees
facilities authorized therein occupy the public right-of-way.
(3)
The work authorized by the permit is subject to all applicable laws,
rules and regulations, including but not limited to Act No. 247, approved
October 29, 1972 of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Municipalities
Planning Code, 53 P.S. § 10101 et seq., concerning environmental
control measures related to pollution and the preservation of public
natural resources. The work shall be done at such time and in such
manner as shall be consistent with the safety of the public and shall
conform to all requirements and standards of the Township including
but not limited to, the Technical Specifications set forth in the
PennDOT 408 Manual as amended.
(4)
If at any time it shall be found by the Road Master that the work
is not being done or has not been properly performed, the permittee
and/or its contractor, upon being notified in writing by the Road
Master, shall immediately see that the necessary steps, at its own
expense, are taken toward placing the work in condition to conform
to said requirements or standards.
B.
Permit required and emergency openings.
(1)
The opening of the surface of any Township road is prohibited unless
a permit is obtained for that purpose in the manner hereinafter described.
Such a permit shall be granted through the Road Master of the Township
when the person applying for such permit files and application with
the Township Secretary in compliance with the provisions of this section
and pays into the Township Treasury the amounts hereinafter provided.
(2)
Any person working in the vicinity of a Township road who in any
manner disturbs such street, or who in any manner causes damage to
a street, shall be required by this article to obtain a permit and
correct such damage in accordance with the standards of the Township.
Road opening permits will not be required for persons excavating adjacent
to the curb for the express purpose of installing or replacing curbs
and/or sidewalks provided a curb and sidewalk permit has been obtained
from the Township Secretary prior to performing such work.
(3)
The obtaining of street opening permits by the Township or any Municipal
Authority shall be waived when work is to be performed completely
by their own personnel.
(4)
All contractors performing work under contract for the Township or
any Municipal Authority shall obtain the street opening permit for
street openings.
(5)
Public utilities shall obtain street opening permits for street opening
and for excavations to be performed by their own crew or forces or
by contractors.
(6)
Nothing herein contained shall be construed to permit the issuing
of a permit for the making of a tunnel under any street, alley, or
highway in the Township. Tunneling will be permitted only after successful
petition to Township Supervisors.
(7)
In the event that street openings are necessitated by emergencies,
street opening permits shall be obtained and fees paid within five
days after completion of the work, and said permit shall be retroactive
to the date when the work was begun.
(8)
A person performing street openings for an emergency must certify
the emergency nature of the circumstance in writing to the Road Master
of the Township within five days after such emergency.
(9)
No permit shall be granted to any applicant unless the applicant
shall have paid into the Township any and all monies then due to the
Township for prior excavations made or for any loss, damage, or expenses
in any manner occasioned by or arising from the exaction of streets
of the Township under prior permits.
C.
Street openings prior to reconstruction or resurfacing.
(1)
When the Township shall propose to reconstruct or resurface any street,
the Road Master shall serve written notice by certified mail of such
improvements to all persons owning property abutting the road about
to be improved, and to all public utility companies operating in the
Township. Within 90 calendar days from receipt of such notice all
notified persons shall complete or cause to be completed all necessary
repairs and replacement of utility mains, service under the street
and designated curb and sidewalk areas. Notified persons shall also
complete any new installations under the street and designated curb
and sidewalk areas required for use within a three-year period thereafter.
All repairs, replacements, and new installations shall be in first-class
condition so that the same cannot reasonably be expected to require
repairs or renewal within a period of at least three years thereafter.
(2)
Upon failure of any of the notified person or persons to comply with
the notice from the Road Master to place the same in first-class condition
as hereinbefore provided, the Road Master shall cause existing utility
mains, service connections and/or laterals to be not used or necessary
for public convenience, whereupon the Township shall be entitled to
collect the cost of such renewals, repairs, removal or other work
from the aforesaid responsible person or persons, either by invoicing
the person or persons, or in case of water or sewer house connections,
by filing municipal liens therefore against the abutting properties
benefited by such connection.
(3)
This section shall not forbid, however, the installation of new pipes,
conduits or other services or structures, or the repair, replacement
of removal of those already existing, in or under the portions of
such streets improved as aforesaid, in accordance with the ordinances
of the Township and the direction of the Pennsylvania Department of
Transportation, or the Road Master of the Township of East Hanover,
upon obtaining a permit and payment to the Township of the same fees
as prescribed by the provisions of this article for making a surface
opening in the street.
D.
Prerequisites to obtaining permit.
(1)
Street opening permits shall only be granted upon compliance with
the following express provisions:
(2)
A written application shall be filed with the Township Secretary
for making all street openings or excavations and the same shall be
signed by the person desiring such permit. Such application shall
set forth the purpose for which such excavation is to be made; the
size and location of the same; the full scope of work to be included
in the project; a sketch of the proposed opening site; the date such
excavation is to be refilled and resurfaced in the manner hereinafter
provided; and shall provide that the applicant will faithfully comply
with each and every provision contained in this article. An applicant
shall furnish a drawing of the proposed opening site upon request
of the Road Master. Items required on the drawing shall be specified
at the time of request.
(3)
Prior to the issuing of such permit, every such applicant shall pay
to the Township Treasurer the amount hereinafter provided and shall
exhibit to the Township Secretary a receipt for the amount aforesaid.
(4)
Where the street opening permit is required for water supply purposes,
the application shall be countersigned by an authorized representative
of the appropriate authority before the permit will be granted Road
Master.
[Amended at time of adoption of Code (see Ch. 1, General
Provisions, Art. I)]
(5)
Where the street opening permit is required for sewer service purposes,
the application shall be countersigned by the Road Master.
(6)
Except in emergency situations, the Road Master shall, at his discretion,
be permitted to deny the opening of a street, which has been resurfaced
or reconstructed within a three-year period prior to the date of request
for the street opening.
(7)
Except in emergency situations, applications for street openings
shall be submitted to the Road Master at least two days prior to the
proposed date of excavation. The Road Master shall review each application
and grant or deny the applicant a permit upon completion of the review.
(8)
No street opening shall be performed, except in the case of emergencies,
when seasonally prohibited or, in the judgment of the Road Master,
working conditions are unreasonable for such work.
(9)
Applicant shall agree to save the Township, its officers, employees,
and agents harmless from any and all costs, damages and liabilities
by reason of personal injury or property claim, which may accrue to
be claimed to accrue, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of
said work irrespective of the cause of such injury or damage. The
acceptance of any permit under this article shall constitute such
an agreement by the applicant whether the same is expressed or not.
(10)
An applicant shall supply a certificate of insurance to the Township Secretary and have the certificate of insurance properly executed by the applicant's insurance agency. Properly executed certificates of insurance shall be filed with the Township and verify that the applicant is insured against claims for personal injury as well as against claims for property damages which may arise from or out of the performance of the excavation work, by the applicant or anyone directly or indirectly employed by him. Such insurance shall include protection against liability arising from completed operations, underground utility damage, and collapse of any property. Liability insurance for bodily injury shall be an amount not less than $500,000 for each person and $500,000 for each occurrence and for property damages in an amount not less than $100,000. Such insurance shall also provide hold harmless coverage pursuant to Subsection D(9) above. Failure of an applicant to file a certificate of insurance shall be sufficient reason for denying a permit.
E.
Bond.
(1)
Public utility companies desiring to open a street shall establish
an escrow account in the name of East Hanover Township in the amount
of 10% of the total cost of the project or $1,500, whichever is the
greater. In the event that a public utility company is engaged in
two or more unrelated street opening projects, said public utility
company shall execute a separate and distinct escrow account for each
street opening project. At the discretion of the Township public utilities
may post a blanket bond to cover all street openings in an amount
satisfactory to the Board of Supervisors.
(2)
All other persons, including contractors performing work for any
Municipal Authority, desiring to open a street shall furnish a properly
executed corporate surety bond. Said bond shall be executed by a reputable
surety company licensed to do business in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
All bonds secured by contractors performing work under contract with
any Municipal Authority must be countersigned by an authorized representative
of the Authority.
(3)
Said bond shall cover street opening work performed during one calendar
year. The bond shall be in effect for a twenty-four-month period.
The amount of the surety bond shall be $1,500 unless any street excavation
and restoration work for a single project exceeds the $1,500 and the
dollar amount computed in accordance with a fee schedule ordinance
adopted by resolution of the Board of Supervisors, as amended or modified
from time to time.
F.
Fees.
(1)
A permit fee, inspection fee, and degradation fee (for Township streets
only) shall be paid to the Township Treasurer prior to permit issuing.
The Township shall have the right in its discretion to waive fees
for contractors performing work under contract with the Township.
(3)
The degradation fee and inspection fee to accompany the application,
as herein provided, shall be in accordance with a fee schedule adopted
by resolution of the Board of Supervisors, as amended or modified
from time to time.
G.
Cancellation of permit. In all cases where a permit has been issued
and the work set forth in such permit has not been completed, the
amount not completed shall be cancelled. The degradation fee along
with the inspection fee paid shall be recalculated on the basis of
the work actually completed and the actual extend of excavation. All
degradation fees and inspection fees paid in excess of this adjustment
shall be refunded without interest by the Township Treasurer, upon
warrant properly drawn. The permit fee shall not be refunded upon
permit cancellation.
H.
Revocation of permit.
(1)
All street opening permits are subject to revocation at any time
by the Road Master after written notice for:
(2)
Written notice of such violation shall be served upon the person
to whom the permit was granted, or his agent or employee engaged in
the work. Such notice may be given either by personal delivery thereof
to the person to be notified or by United States mail, postage paid,
addressed to such person to be notified. The permittee shall be granted
24 hours to correct such violations, unless specifically stated otherwise
within the letter of notification of such violation.
(3)
Upon revocation of the permit, the degradation and inspection fees
will be refunded to the permittee for that portion of the project
not completed.
I.
Time extensions and fee. If any permittee is unable to complete the
street opening on or before the date specified in the permit, the
permittee shall file a written application for an extension of time
with the Road Master, who shall have discretion to grant or deny such
application. The written application shall be in letter form and shall
thoroughly explain the reasons for the extension of time plus the
additional length of time required. A fee shall accompany the application.
This fee shall defray the costs of processing and filing the application.
The fee shall be in accordance with a fee schedule ordinance adopted
by resolution of the Board of Supervisors, as amended or modified
from time to time.
J.
Backfilling and paving. The permittee shall be responsible for backfilling
and paving the opening and restoring the street surface to its original
condition. The Road Master shall have the full authority to establish
standards for paving and backfilling materials and associated procedures.
Details specifying paving and backfilling procedures and materials
shall be obtained from the Road Master prior to any street opening
work.
K.
Backfilling and replacing surface. When done by Township. In case
the work has not been completed before the date of expiration as shown
on the permit, which time shall be fixed when the permit and/or time
extension is granted, the Road Master may take steps to backfill the
trench and replace the street surface over the opening for which the
permit has been issued. The Township shall invoice the permittee for
all costs incurred by the Township in the performance of this work.
Payment not made within 30 days will be chargeable against the posted
bond including all fees and costs involved in the collection of this
payment.
L.
Responsibility; extra inspectors; other rules. The permittee shall
assume all responsibility for the excavation made by such party for
refilling the same and for all damages that may arise by reason of
the digging of such trenches or excavations. Whenever it is determined
by the Road Master that in the best interests of the Township it is
necessary to assign additional street opening inspectors to supervise
excavation, backfill or pavement restoration operations, such inspectors
shall be paid by the Township at a rate to be fixed by the Township.
The Township shall invoice the permittee for all costs incurred by
the Township necessitated by the assignment of additional inspectors.
The Road Master is authorized to make such other rules and regulations
for the excavation of streets which he may deem necessary for the
proper maintenance of the street surface due to excavations, which
rules and regulations shall be printed upon the permit granted or
forwarded from the Township in writing from time to time.
M.
Test holes. A street opening permit shall be obtained for any test
hole work. No test holes shall be made in or upon a greater surface
of the highway than as specified in such permit, and no excavation
or test holes shall interfere with any of the water pipes, sewers,
drains of the Township, any Municipal Authority or any other underground
utility service. Test holes having an area of four square inches or
less shall be filled by the applicant with grout composed of one part
cement and two parts sand and by a sufficient quantity of water, filled
to the surface of the highway, and the surrounding surface of the
highway shall be placed in the same condition as before. Test holes
greater than four square inches in area shall be backfilled in accordance
with the provisions of this article, unless otherwise directed by
the Road Master.
N.
Gutters, lights and identification.
(1)
All gutters must be left open so as not to obstruct the free passage
of water, and the sidewalks and footways must be kept in a safe passable
condition. All excavations shall have sufficient lights and barricades
to identify them from all directions during the day and after dark.
If for safety purposes, the Road Master deems it necessary to install
additional warning devices, i.e., lights, barricades, or signs, the
permittee shall be notified of the decision and shall receive instructions
on the installation. In case of emergencies the Township may install
all additional warning devices deemed necessary by the Road Master.
The Township shall invoice the permittee for rental and installation
costs incurred from the date of installation until the permittee installs
the required warning devices.
(2)
If the permittee fails to install such devices, the Township shall
invoice the permittee for rental and installation costs incurred from
the date of installation until the date of removal. Payment not made
by the permittee within 30 days of the invoice date will be chargeable
against the posted bond including all fees and costs involved in the
collection of this payment.
(3)
All openings shall have a sign at least 12 inches by 18 inches clearly
displayed with the contractors' name and phone number.
(4)
The Township shall inspect all work, which has been performed, prior
to acceptance of dedication of any road.
A.
Dedication. Any person requesting the Township to accept the dedication
of a road, street or alley for public use or travel shall deposit
a filing fee with the Township in the amount to be determined in accordance
with a fee schedule ordinance adopted by resolution of the Board of
Supervisors, as amended or modified from time to time. The developer
shall be responsible for the payment of the entire dedication fee
prior to the acceptance of the streets.
B.
The fee covers inspection costs, the cost of preparing the resolution
of acceptance, filing fees, recording fees, and other expenses necessary
for the Board of Supervisors to accept land dedicated for road purposes
pursuant to 53 P.S. § 66140 et seq., of the Second Class
Township Code, as amended.
C.
No action by the Board of Supervisors shall be construed to require
the Township to accept dedication of any road, street, or alley.
D.
No road, street or alley shall be considered finally accepted by
the Township until the deed of dedication has been recorded and the
resolution of acceptance has been duly adopted and filed in the manner
required by the Second Class Township Code. Notwithstanding final
acceptance of any road, street or alley, or any drainage facilities
in connection therewith, the person who offered the same for dedication
shall remain responsible for the maintenance thereof, snow removal
excepted, for a period of 18 months from the date of final acceptance
and shall furnish the Township with a maintenance bond from a surety
bonding company authorized to do business in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
or with other security satisfactory to the Board of Supervisors, guaranteeing
the correction of all defective work and material discovered during
said eighteen-month period.
E.
Information/items needed for street dedication.
(1)
Four copies of the recorded subdivision plan showing the street(s)
to be dedicated.
(2)
A copy of the recorded deed for the development [or the portion of
the development which includes the street(s) to be dedicated] reflecting
the current owner, previous owner, date of the deed and the recording
reference.
(3)
A legal description for each street.
(4)
The name and address of the legal owner(s) of the land to be dedicated.
(5)
Total center line length of each street.
(6)
The beginning and ending points for each street. This information
should be as specific as possible.
(7)
The right-of-way width and the cartway width for each street.
(8)
A current title search or title binder reflecting the present owner
of the street(s) to be dedicated and any liens or encumbrances affecting
the street(s).
(9)
If the developer is a general partnership, the names of all partners.
(10)
If the developer is a limited partnership, the names of all
the general partners.
(11)
If the developer is a corporation the names of the President
and Secretary of the corporation or the names and titles of other
officers who will sign the documents.
(12)
If the Township Engineer has inspected the streets, a copy of
the Engineer's letter recommending acceptance of the streets.
(13)
"As built" drawings including all improvements within the rights-of-way
proposed for dedication.
(14)
If the documents will be executed on behalf of the developer
by an attorney-in-fact, a copy of the recorded power of attorney must
be furnished.
(15)
Releases for any mortgages affecting the street(s).
(16)
Financial security as authorized by 53 P.S. § 10509(k)
of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code.
F.
The Board of Supervisors may, at its discretion, require the applicant
to submit a maintenance guarantee for the maintenance and repair of
a street improvement shown on the application for 18 months after
completion of construction and approval of all such improvements and
acceptance of dedication by the Board of Supervisors. Said guarantee
shall not exceed 15% of the actual cost of the installation of said
improvements.
A.
Requirement to provide financial security to guarantee completion
of improvements. Any person desiring or intending to construct any
road or street, or any drainage facilities in connection therewith
shall first furnish the Township with an acceptable form of improvement
guarantee in the amount and form as prescribed by the MPC.
B.
Street plans. At such time as the construction of the road is found
to meet all requirements of this article and the approved plans, the
developer, prior to offering the road for dedication, shall submit
to the Board of Supervisors one Mylar as-built plan of the road which
shall form a part of the permanent records of the Township. Such plan
shall be prepared using a scale of one inch equals 50 feet horizontal
and one inch equals 10 feet vertical, unless another scale is approved
in writing by the Township.
C.
Access to the work site for inspections.
(1)
The developer shall grant to the Township or its agents access to
the site of the work at all times while the streets and drainage facilities
are under construction for the purpose of inspecting the work. The
developer shall promptly correct any deficiencies noted by the Township.
The Township may require the developer to perform tests (at developer's
expense) to establish the adequacy of his work.
(2)
This article does not mandate inspections by the Township, and the
actual performance of inspections shall not be construed as acceptance
of any portion of the work during construction.
D.
Disturbance of Township rights-of-way without permits prohibited.
No person shall plow, cultivate, harrow, regrade, or in any way disturb
the surface of the land within the rights-of-way of any Township road
or street without approval of plans and/or issuance of permits as
required by this article.
E.
Waivers. The provisions of these regulations are intended as a minimum
standard for the protection of the public health, safety and welfare.
If literal compliance with any mandatory provision of these regulations
is shown by the applicant, to the satisfaction of the Board of Supervisors,
to be unreasonable or to cause undue hardship as it applies to a particular
property, or if the applicant shows that an alternative proposal will
allow for equal or better results, the Board of Supervisors may grant
a waiver from such mandatory provision so that substantial justice
may be done and the public interest secured while permitting the reasonable
utilization of the property. However, the granting of a waiver shall
not have the effect of making null and void the intent and purpose
of this article. In granting waivers, the Board of Supervisors may
impose such conditions as will, in its judgment, secure substantially
the objectives of the standards are requirements of this article.
F.
Bonding. To guarantee satisfactory construction and installation
of the road, street or drainage facility, Board reserves the right
to require developer to furnish a performance bond or other security
satisfactory to Township in an amount equivalent to 100% of the estimated
cost of construction as determined by the Township. The bond shall
be kept in effect by developer until the road is finally accepted
by the Township pursuant above. The failure to keep said bond in effect
until final acceptance of the road by the Township shall constitute
a violation of this article.
G.
Engineer designated to review and approve plans. The Board may designate
the Township Engineer to act on its behalf in the approval of all
plans, the making of all inspections and the granting of all approvals
required by this article; provided, however, that the formal acceptance
of any road, and the execution of any documents related thereto, is
reserved to the Board.
H.
Funds to cover inspection of road improvements. No person shall commence
construction of a street or drainage facilities until an amount equal
to 5% of the estimated cost of the street and drainage facilities
(as determined in accordance with the procedures set forth in the
Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code. 53 P.S. § 10101
et seq.) or $500, whichever is greater, has been deposited with the
Board of Supervisors to be used to reimburse the Township for the
expenses incurred to inspect such improvements. In the event said
sum deposited is in excess of the inspection costs, the Township shall
refund such excess money without interest upon completion of work.
The Board of Supervisors shall be authorized to withdraw and use from
time to time any such monies deposited with the Township in order
to pay inspection costs. In the event said sum deposited is less than
the inspection costs, the applicant shall reimburse the Township for
all inspection costs incurred in excess of the original deposited
sum.
I.
Penalties and remedies.
(1)
Any person, partnership or corporation who or which shall construct,
open or dedicate any road or street, or any drainage facilities in
connection therewith, for public use or travel in this Township, without
having first complied with the provisions of this article, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor of the third degree, and upon conviction thereof,
such person or members of such partnership or officers of such corporation
responsible for such violation, shall be sentenced to suffer imprisonment
not exceeding two years, or pay a fine not exceeding $1,000, or both,
in the discretion of the Court. Any person who shall take such action
shall also be subject to a suit for all costs and damages incurred
by the Township of property owners in the course of correcting all
substantive violations of State or municipal law or regulations resulting
from or arising out of an unlawfully recorded plan in accordance with § 2317(f)
of the Second Class Township Code, as reenacted by Act 60 of 1995.[1]
[1]
Editor's Note: See 53 P.S. § 67137.
(2)
If the Board of Supervisors or the officer designated to enforce
this article by the Board of Supervisors determines that a person
has committed or permitted the commission of a violation of this article,
the Board of Supervisors or such enforcement officer shall inform
such person in writing of the violation, shall notify such person
to cease the violation of this article and shall inform such person
that he or she must pay a civil penalty to the Township within the
range of the amounts shall be not less than $50 and not more than
$600; the penalty for a second offense shall not be less than $100
and not more than $600; and the penalty for a third or greater offense
shall be not less than $200 and not more than $600. If such person
fails or refuses to remit the penalty to the Township within 10 days
from the date of the written notice of the violation of this article,
the Township may commence a civil enforcement proceeding seeking penalties
and costs for the violation of this article and/or may commence an
action in equity. The Township shall seek a judgment for the penalty
previously imposed together with additional daily penalties for continuing
violations plus all court costs, including the reasonable attorneys'
fees incurred by the Township in the enforcement proceedings. Each
day that a violation continues shall constitute a separate violation,
and each section of this article, which is violated, shall constitute
a separate violation. If the defendant neither pays nor timely appeals
the judgment, the Township may enforce the judgment pursuant to the
applicable rules of civil procedure.
J.
Severability. The provisions of this article are severable, and if
any section, sentence, clause, part or provision hereof shall be held
to be illegal, invalid or unconstitutional by any court of competent
jurisdiction, such decision of the court shall not affect or impair
the remaining sections, sentences, clauses, parts or provisions of
this article. It is hereby declared to be the intent of the Board
of Supervisors that this article would have been enacted if such illegal,
invalid or unconstitutional section, sentence, clause, part or provision
had not been included herein.
K.
Repeals. All other ordinances or parts of ordinances inconsistent
herewith are expressly repealed.
L.
Adoption and effective date. This article shall become effective
five days after its enactment by the Board of Supervisors of the East
Hanover Township.
